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ISSN 2309-3838 ANNUAL REPORT 2018 www.icipe.org Common name: Speckled emperor moth Scientific name: Gynanisa maja ANNUAL REPORT 2018 April 2019 International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology PO Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya | [email protected] | www.icipe.org ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We gratefully acknowledge the financial and technical support of our core donors: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Switzerland; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Sweden; UK Aid, Government of the United Kingdom; Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, Kenya; and Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. We also recognise specific restricted project donors and partners, as presented in each chapter of this report. © 2018 — International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) This report may be quoted without permission. Please acknowledge the source. ISSN 2309-3838 ISBN 978-9966-063-22-9 International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) PO Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya [email protected] www.icipe.org Support icipe: www.icipe.org/support-icipe April 2018 Review: Segenet Kelemu and Sunday Ekesi Concept and text compilation: Liz Ng’ang’a Editorial contribution: Dolorosa Osogo and Annah Njui Design and layout: Brian Mwashi Cover photo: Healthy maize harvested from thriving Push-Pull, fall armyworm-free demo plots at the icipe Duduville campus, Nairobi, bearing witness to the effectiveness of this technology in controlling the pest, among many other benefits. 04 icipe Annual Report 2018 CONTENTS FOREWORD 06 THE ADAPTATION FOR ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE IN AFRICA 59 FEATURED STORY 60 PREFACE 07 INSECTS FOR FOOD AND FEED PROGRAMME 62 MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP 08 NEW KNOWLEDGE 65 INSTITUTIONAL NEWS 12 IMPACT ASSESSMENTS 66 FEATURED STORY 67 RESOURCE MOBILISATION 14 PARTNERSHIPS 16 CAPACITY BUILDING AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT 68 COMMUNICATION 18 POSTGRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING 71 HUMAN HEALTH THEME 20 OTHER TRAININGS 73 FEATURED STORY 74 MALARIA RESEARCH 23 NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES 26 SOCIAL SCIENCE AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT UNIT 76 FEATURED STORY 28 PUSH-PULL AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IMPACT 79 ANIMAL HEALTH THEME 30 INSECTS FOR FEED IMPACT ASSESSMENT 80 FEATURED STORY 81 TSETSE INTEGRATED VECTOR MANAGEMENT 33 CAMEL TRYPANOSOMIASIS 34 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER UNIT 82 VECTOR, PATHOGEN, INVASIVE SPECIES 35 FEATURED STORY 86 FEATURED STORY 36 BIOINNOVATE AFRICA PROGRAMME 88 PLANT HEALTH THEME 38 FEATURED STORY 92 PUSH-PULL TECHNOLOGY 41 FALL ARMYWORM MANAGEMENT 42 REGIONAL SCHOLARSHIP AND INNOVATION FUND (RSIF) 94 STEMBORER MANAGEMENT 44 TRANSFORMATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND AFRICA’S FUTURE 97 FRUITS IPM 45 PASET AND RSIF 99 VEGETABLES IPM 46 RSIF AIMS 101 NEMATODES 48 RSIF DESIGN 102 COFFEE IPM 50 WHY JOIN PASET? 103 FEATURED STORY 51 icipe AS THE RCU OF RSIF 104 FEATURED STORY 105 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH THEME 52 BEE RESEARCH 55 ANNEX 1: 106 COMMERCIAL AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS 57 2018 AWARDS, RECOGNITION, AND NOMINATIONS 106 icipe Annual Report 2018 05 FOREWORD n November 2018, icipe Director challenges, seizing new opportunities maintain a highly motivated team and General, Dr Segenet Kelemu, as they arise, while fortifying the look after the bricks and mortars of Icompleted her first, five-year term. Centre’s growing importance in a fast our institution. By coincidence, this milestone was changing local and global environment. followed closely by the finalisation In general, we recognise the need of the icipe Periodic External Review As a result, we can attest to the for sustained, strategic investment (IPER) for 2013 – 2017. These two validity of the ideal of a centre of in research for development, and events presented key occassions for excellence in insect science; the approaches that rise beyond the learning and growth. benefit of a multidimensional perpetual, jaded refrain of Africa’s approach to scientific excellence; constraints. Lukas Bertschinger The IPER, conducted by a Review and the advantage in building and Chair, icipe Governing Team of three international experts, maintaining partnerships. Further, our These insights provide us with Council concluded that icipe is a well-managed reflection demonstrates icipe’s success momentum for the future, with and highly productive research Centre, in nurturing scientific capacity and two upcoming key events: the and provided guidance for future leadership in Africa, while expanding development of icipe’s new vision strategic positioning of the institution. presence on the continent. We have and strategy in 2019, and the also boosted our resource mobilisation, commemoration of the Centre’s Dr Kelemu reflected: communication and dissemination, as golden jubilee in 2020. “Alongside the entire icipe community, well as the ability to reach end-users. I am heartened by this feedback. The Centre also notes the need for WE BELIEVE THAT WE HAVE A It endorses our intricately vigilant alertness for alignment to regional and SOLID BASIS OF KNOWLEDGE, approach that has taken into account international development agendas, CAPACITY AND PARTNERSHIPS TO BE the past, the present and the future.” for example through new research BOLD AND DETERMINED, TO EMBARK initiatives and directions while also ON THE ROAD LESS TRAVELLED, AND Indeed, over the past five years our further strengthening icipe’s core CONTRIBUTE TO BREAKING goal has been to safeguard icipe’s competence in insect physiology and AFRICA’S CYCLE OF rich and unique legacy, making ecology. We also know that our work WOES AND GLOBAL adjustments to learn from past will not be successful if we do not WELL BEING 06 icipe Annual Report 2018 PREFACE he preparation of the icipe content is presented in five chapters Over the past several years, icipe annual report is always a as per the Centre’s four themes: has become a true player in Africa’s Tstimulating process for the Human Health, Plant Health, concerted goals of achieving inclusive Centre – we see it as an opportunity Environmental Health and Animal and sustainable development through to comprehensively curate our Health; and the emerging Insects the use of innovative bioscience accomplishments while also scanning for Food and Feed programme. It is research knowledge and technologies, the horizon in view of our specific worth noting that this information and ultimately, the creation of a research goals, and in line with the also includes contributions by the bioeconomy. The Centre’s contribution Centre’s mission and vision. In that icipe research units: Behavioural and in this regard is the focus of the fourth spirit, this publication presents icipe’s Chemical Ecology; Molecular Biology, category, contained in two chapters Segenet Kelemu achievements in 2018 through 11 Bioinformation and Biostatistics; on: BioInnovate Africa Programme, Director General, icipe chapters that fit into four categories. Biosystematics; Geo-Information Unit; one of Africa’s largest regional Arthropod Pathology; and Animal innovation-driven science initiatives; The first chapter, Management and Rearing and Quarantine. and the Regional Scholarship and Leadership, forms one category Innovation Fund (RSIF) of The focusing on centrewide activities The third category in this report Partnership for skills in Applied EVERY like resource mobilisation and donor revolves around icipe’s commitment Sciences, Engineering and Technology ACCOMPLISHMENT IS engagements, new partnerships, to create leadership, capacity and (PASET), both being managed by icipe. A TESTAMENT OF landmark moments such as new ability to produce and use scientific TEAMWORK AND initiatives, scientific publications and knowledge, to enable the most In presenting this report, we are PARTNERSHIPS; communications. These events are effective outcomes for communities aware of two issues: that every AND EVERY PLAN presented chronologically, as they and different stakeholders in accomplishment is a testament of the IS A COMMITMENT occurred throughout the year. Africa and across the world. And teamwork and partnerships amased it consists of three chapters on through the Centre; and that every FOR CONTINUED The second concentrates on research EXCELLENCE Capacity Building and Institution articulated plan is a commitment for highlights clearly indicating: the aim, in Development, Social Science the future, one we aim to achieve, terms of envisioned solutions for the and Impact Assessment, and with your continued support. problem being addressed; progress Technology Transfer units. made in 2018; and the next steps. The icipe Annual Report 2018 07 MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP icipe CORE DONORS Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Switzerland Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Sweden UK Aid, Government of the United Kingdom Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, Kenya Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 08 icipe Annual Report 2018 MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP 2018 IN PICTURES We interacted with our donors and partners at our Centre and field sites... Marked key milestones including signing new funding agreements, hosting key fora, launch of new initiatives and reviews... and our teams won and accorded a range of recognitions. icipe Annual Report 2018 09 MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP IN 2018, WE: HAD 737 news SIGNED new donor items published agreements totalling RECEIVED 3685 USD 46,030,308 media mentions * US$ XE Currency converter live rates, 2 January WITH POTENTIAL reach of 2019. These figures represent the total value of 367.5M people contracts
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  • 4. Edible Insects As a Natural Resource

    4. Edible Insects As a Natural Resource

    45 4. Edible insects as a natural resource 4.1 EDiblE INSECT EColoGY The edible insect resource is primarily a category of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) collected from natural resources (Boulidam, 2010). Edible insects inhabit a large variety of habitats, such as aquatic ecosystems, forests and agricultural fields. On a smaller scale, edible insects may feed on the foliage of vegetation (e.g. caterpillars) or roots (e.g. witchetty grubs), live on the branches and trunks of trees (e.g. cicadas) or thrive in soils (e.g. dung beetles). Insect ecology can be defined as the interaction of individual insects and insect communities with the surrounding environment. This involves processes such as nutrient cycling, pollination and migration, as well as population dynamics and climate change. Although more than half of all known living organisms are insects, knowledge of insect ecology is limited. Some species that have long been considered valuable for their products – such as honeybees, silkworms and cochineal insects – are well known, while knowledge of many others remains scarce. This chapter points out the need to study edible insect ecology specifically and shows how this knowledge can be applied. 4.2 Collecting from the wild: potential threats and solutions 4.2.1 Threats Insects provide essential ecosystem services such as pollination, composting, wildfire protection and pest control (Losey and Vaughan, 2006) (see Chapter 2). Edible insects, such as honeybees, dung beetles and weaver ants, eaten extensively in the tropics, perform many of these ecological services. Until recently, edible insects were a seemingly inexhaustible resource (Schabel, 2006). Yet like most natural resources, some edible insect species are in peril.