The Small Satellite Reliability Initiative- a Public-Private Effort Addressing Smallsat Mission Confidence
The Small Satellite Reliability Initiative- A Public-Private Effort Addressing SmallSat Mission Confidence
32nd Annual Small Satellite Conference August 7, 2018
Michael A. Johnson1,7, Patricia Beauchamp2,7, Harald Schone2,7, Catherine Venturini3, Lee Jasper4, Robbie Robertson5, Miquel Moe1, Jesse Leitner1, Florence Tan6
… and a cadre of others
1NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 2Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 3The Aerospace Corporation Presented by Michael Johnson 4 Space Dynamics Laboratory- Air Force Research Laboratory Chief Technologist, Engineering and Technology Directorate 5Cubic Aerospace 6NASA Headquarters NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 7Small Satellite Reliability Initiative Co-leads [email protected] Chariot to the Moons of Mars
Science Objectives:
• Constrain the origin of Mars Phobos and Deimos • Evaluate the feasibility of in-situ resource utilization • Evaluate processes contributing the ongoing evolution of the of Phobos/ Deimos system
Ref: D.Minton/ Purdue University2 APEX- Asteroid Probe Experiment
Science Objectives:
• Determine the rotational state and bulk properties of Apophis • Determine its interior structure • Determine its geology and geologic history • Determine the tidal effects on surface morphology, interior structure, rotation
Note: ESPA Grande required
Ref: J. Plescia/ Johns Hopkins Univ
Apophis 3 The Lunar Water Assessment, Transport, Evolution, and Resource (WATER) Small Satellite Mission Concept
Science Objective: Characterize the water on the Moon
• What are the chemical form(s) of water on the Moon? • How does surficial lunar water evolve over space and time? • Is solar wind implantation responsible for the OH on the illuminated Moon?
Ref: C.Hibbits/ Johns Hopkins Univ.
4 CubeSat UV Experiment (CUVE)
Science Objectives:
• Nature of the "Unknown” UV‐absorber • Abundances and distributions of SO2 and SO at and above Venus’s cloud tops and correlation with the UV absorber • Atmospheric dynamics at the cloud tops, structure of upper clouds and wind measurements from cloud‐tracking;
Ref: V.Cottini, Univ. of Maryland
Venus Ref: Valeria Cottini/ Univ Maryland-GSFC
5 At the other end of the spectrum…
6 Challenge…
SmallSats will not achieve their full potential until our community identifies, defines, and broadens awareness of paths that lead to mission success.
7 Challenge…
SmallSats will not achieve their full potential until our community identifies, defines, and broadens awareness of paths that lead to mission success.
Discussion Points • A Response: A Public-Private Response to the Challenge • Small Satellite Reliability Initiative (SSRI) Chronology • SSRI Approach • Next Steps
8 Response: A Public-Private Initiative The Small Satellite Reliability Initiative (SSRI)
Charter: Address Mission Confidence Define implementable and broadly accepted approaches to achieve acceptable risk postures associated with several SmallSat mission risk classes—from “do no harm” missions, to missions whose failure would result in loss or delay of key national objectives.
Guiding Principles • Don’t break the SmallSat model • Approaches should have low barriers to entry • Provide guidance, not prescription • Target a range of SmallSat communities—system developers, mission architects, acquisition entities…
9 Chronology: A Public-Private Initiative The Small Satellite Reliability Initiative
Technical Interchange Meeting-1 (TIM-1): February 2017, Cal Tech, Pasadena, CA • Secured industry responses to initial government SmallSat mission classifications and mission assurance approaches
TIM-2: October 2017, NASA HQ, Washington, DC • Recognized value in defining and disseminating best practices and design/development guidelines to the broad SmallSat community
• Noted model-based approaches require an intentionally integrated and coherent SSRI TIM-3, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA development plan
TIM-3+: May 3-4, 2018, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA • Refining best practices/ design development guidelines • Mature knowledge sharing approaches
10 The Small Satellite Reliability Initiative Approach
Execute a four-prong approach to mission confidence:
1. Best Practices and Design/Development Guidelines- What design/development guidance and best practices are appropriate for the mission?
2. Lessons Learned- What lessons from missions that have flown and from missions in development can inform the success of future missions?
3. Knowledge Sharing- What knowledge should the SmallSat community exchange to increase mission success and reduce overall development costs?
4. Model-Based Approaches to Mission Confidence- How do we apply model-based approaches to mission confidence? What challenges must be addressed? What is the path forward?
11 The Small Satellite Reliability Initiative Approach
1. Best Practices and Design/Development Guidelines- What design/development guidance and best practices are appropriate for the mission?
2. Lessons Learned- What lessons from missions that have flown and from missions in development can inform the success of future missions?
3. Knowledge Sharing- What knowledge should the SmallSat community exchange to increase mission success and reduce overall development costs?
4. Model-Based Approaches to Mission Confidence- How do we apply model-based approaches to mission confidence? What challenges must be addressed? What is the path forward?
12 Approach Best Practices/ Design Development Guidelines
What design/development guidance and best practices are appropriate for the mission?
NASA Mission Classes A-D
Instead, target “Mission Confidence”, a risk posture
13 Approach Best Practices/ Design Development Guidelines
What design/development guidance and best practices are appropriate for the mission? It depends… on objectives and constraints • E.g., funding, the risk posture, the mission environment, targeted mission lifetime, …
Guidance • Reviews • Component/ subsystem/system selection Mission Objectives and • Subsystem/system/mission design Constraints • Analysis • Test program • ...
14 Approach Best Practices/ Design Development Guidelines ref D. Perry/Aerospace Corp.
Very High
EVEL Guidance Options L Appropriate Design and Development Guidelines/Best Practices ONFIDENCE C A simplified example Do No Harm
LEO- Low Earth Orbit GEO- Geosynchronous Orbit ref D. Perry/Aerospace Corp. 15 Approach Best Practices/ Design Development Guidelines ref D. Perry/Aerospace Corp.
Very High
EVEL Guidance Options L Appropriate Design and Development Guidelines/Best Practices ONFIDENCE C A simplified example Do No Harm
16 Approach Best Practices/ Design Development Guidelines ref D. Perry/Aerospace Corp.
Very High
EVEL Guidance Options L Appropriate Design and Development Guidelines/Best Practices ONFIDENCE C A simplified example Do No Harm
17 Approach Best Practices/ Design Development Guidelines ref D. Perry/Aerospace Corp.
Very High
EVEL Guidance Options L Appropriate Design and Development Guidelines/Best Practices ONFIDENCE C A simplified example Do No Harm
Targeted Deliverables: A searchable database and a “Turbo Tax-like” tool to guide design and development decisions18 The Small Satellite Reliability Initiative Approach
1. Best Practices and Design/Development Guidelines- What design/development guidance and best practices are appropriate for the mission?
2. Lessons Learned- What lessons from missions that have flown and from missions in development can inform the success of future missions?
3. Knowledge Sharing- What knowledge should the SmallSat community exchange to increase mission success and reduce overall development costs?
4. Model-Based Approaches to Mission Confidence- How do we apply model-based approaches to mission confidence? What challenges must be addressed? What is the path forward?
19 Approach Lessons Learned/ Knowledge Sharing
“Engineering the System” is just as important as ”Systems Engineering” • Resiliency/ Robustness
20 Approach Lessons Learned
The value of good software cannot be understated.
21 Approach Lessons Learned
Leverage what has been learned from “big iron”.
22 Approach Lessons Learned
Forget some of what has been learned from “big iron”.
23 Approach Lessons Learned
… and many others
24 Approach Knowledge Sharing
The Small Satellite Systems Virtual Institute: Implementing a knowledge repository
• Lessons Learned from Missions Flown and in Development • Parts Radiation Effects • Component (subsystem) Performance Ratings (e.g. Yelp) • Vendor Quality Ratings • Component Performance Feedback to Vendors • …
Ref: Bruce Yost, S3VI Lead
25 The Small Satellite Reliability Initiative Approach
1. Best Practices and Design/Development Guidelines- What design/development guidance and best practices are appropriate for the mission?
2. Lessons Learned- What lessons from missions that have flown and from missions in development can inform the success of future missions?
3. Knowledge Sharing- What knowledge should the SmallSat community exchange to increase mission success and reduce overall development costs?
4. Model-Based Approaches to Mission Confidence- How do we apply model-based approaches to mission confidence? What challenges must be addressed? What is the path forward?
26 Approach Model-Based Approaches to Mission Confidence
Aid design decision throughout the project life cycle Ref: Harald Schone/JPL Model fidelity can be tailored to project risk posture and design maturity
Model-based approaches have significant potential to inform mission confidence. Significant progress being made via numerous efforts across multiple organization. Additional work required to lower entry barriers.
27 The Small Satellite Reliability Initiative Next Steps
• Mature best practices and design/development knowledge base, user interface • Continue to monitor development and progress of model-based approaches • Investigate o Systems engineered for resiliency o Software aspects for mission confidence o Non-traditional verification methods o Relevant automotive industry practices o … • Present status at TIM-4, planned for November 2018
28 SmallSats will not achieve their full potential until our community identifies, defines, and broadens awareness of paths that lead to mission success.
SSRI and other efforts are ongoing.
29 Thank you.
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
Albert Einstein
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