Planetary Science & Astrobiology
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Small Spacecraft Programs
Planetary Science Deep Space SmallSat Studies Small Spacecraft Programs Carolyn Mercer Program Officer, PSDS3 Program Executive, SIMPLEx NASA Glenn Research Center Briefing to the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) April 4, 2018 Crystal City, VA NOTE ADDED BY JPL WEBMASTER: This content has not been approved or adopted by NASA, JPL, or the California Institute of Technology. This document is being made available for information purposes only, and any views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of NASA, JPL, or the 1 California Institute of Technology. SMD CubeSat/SmallSat Approach Planetary Science Deep Space SmallSat Studies National Academies Report (2016) concluded that CubeSats have proven their ability to produce high- value science: • Useful as targeted investigations to augment the capabilities of larger missions • Useful to make highly-specific measurements • Constellations of 10-100 CubeSat/SmallSat spacecraft have the potential to enable transformational science SMD is developing a directorate-wide approach to: • Identify high-priority science objectives in each discipline that can be addressed with CubeSats/SmallSats • Manage program with appropriate cost and risk • Establish a multi-discipline approach and collaboration that helps science teams learn from experiences and grow capability, while avoiding unnecessary duplication • Leverage and partner with a growing commercial sector to collaboratively drive instrument and sensor innovation 2 PLANETARY SCIENCE DEEP SPACE SMALLSAT -
Observations of Solar Wind Penetration Into the Earth's Magnetosphere: the Plasma Mantle
ENNIO R. SANCHEZ, CHING-I. MENG, and PATRICK T. NEWELL OBSERVATIONS OF SOLAR WIND PENETRATION INTO THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE: THE PLASMA MANTLE The large database provided by the continuous coverage of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Pro gram polar orbiting satellites constitutes an important source of information on particle precipitation in the ionosphere. This information can be used to monitor and map the Earth's magnetosphere (the cavity around the Earth that forms as the stream of particles and magnetic field ejected from the Sun, known as the solar wind, encounters the Earth's magnetic field) and for a large variety of statistical studies of its morphology and dynamics. The boundary between the magnetosphere and the solar wind is pre sumably open in some places and at some times, thus allowing the direct entry of solar-wind plasma into the magnetosphere through a boundary layer known as the plasma mantle. The preliminary results of a statistical study of the plasma-mantle precipitation in the ionosphere are presented. The first quan titative mapping of the ionospheric region where the plasma-mantle particles precipitate is obtained. INTRODUCTION Polar orbiting satellites are very useful platforms for studying the properties of the environment surrounding the Earth at distances well above the ionosphere. This article focuses on a description of the enormous poten tial of those platforms, especially when they are com bined with other means of measurement, such as ground-based stations and other satellites. We describe in some detail the first results of the kind of study for which the polar orbiting satellites are ideal instruments. -
Sistema De Evaluación De Aprendizajes Para Alumnos En Situación De Extraedad
Estrategia Integral para la Mejora del Logro Educativo Alianza por la Calidad de la Educación Sistema de evaluación de aprendizajes para alumnos en situación de extraedad Colección Hacia el Logro Educativo Programa para el Fortalecimiento del Logro Educativo Sistema de evaluación de aprendizajes para alumnos en situación de extraedad Colección Hacia el Logro Educativo Sistema de evaluación de aprendizajes para alumnos en situación de extraedad,es una publicación de la Dirección General de Desarrollo de la Gestión e Innovación Educativa de la Subsecretaría de Educación Básica, realizada a través del Proyecto para Atender a la Población en Situación de Extraedad, por encargo a la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (OEI) y con la colaboración del Centro de Estudios Educativos (CEE). Alonso Lujambio Secretario de Educación Pública José Fernando González Sánchez Subsecretario de Educación Básica Coordinación general Alma Rosa Cuervo González Juan Martín Martínez Becerra Cuidado de la edición Director General de Desarrollo de la Gestión Esteban Manteca Aguirre e Innovación Educativa Jorge Humberto Miranda Vázquez Tonatiuh Arroyo Cerezo Ernesto Adolfo Ponce Rodríguez Coordinador General de Innovación Colaboradores de la Ofi cina de la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura y autores de esta obra Lilia Dalila López Salmorán Coordinadora Nacional para el Fortalecimiento Coordinación del Logro Educativo Carlos Niembro Acosta Colaboradores Teresa Zamudio Gisela Santiago Benítez Maura Pompa Mancilla D.R. © Secretaría de Educación Pública, 2011 Diana Gómez Mayén Argentina 28 Col. Centro Histórico C.P. 06020, México, D.F. ISBN: 978-607-8017-53-9 Diseño y formación Constantine Editores, S. -
THEMIS Telescope Images Analysed for Space Weather Traces
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 14, EPSC2020-1022, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc2020-1022 Europlanet Science Congress 2020 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. THEMIS telescope images analysed for space weather traces Melinda Dósa1, Valeria Mangano2, Zsofia Bebesi1, Stefano Massetti2, Anna Milillo2, and Anna Görgei3 1Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Space Physics and Space Technology, Budapest, Hungary ([email protected]) 2INAF/IAPS, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Roma, Italy 3Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics The THEMIS solar telescope operating on Tenerife (Canary islands) has observed Mercury’s Na exosphere along several campaigns since 2007. A dataset of images taken between 2009 and 2013 are analysed here in relation with propagated solar wind data. A small subset of the images shows a low level of correlation between Na-emission and solar wind dynamic pressure. The amount of data at present is not sufficient to make a clear statement on whether the correlation is a coincidence or can be explained by other factors (position of Mercury and Earth, solar activity, etc.). Nevertheless, the authors present a comprehensive study taking into account all possible factors. Sodium plays a special role in Mercury’s exosphere: due to its strong resonance line it has been observed and monitored by Earth-based telescopes for decades. Different and highly variable patterns of Na-emission have been identified, the most common and recurrent being the high latitude double-peak pattern [1]. It is clear that the exosphere is linked to the surface and influenced by the interstellar medium and the solar wind deviated by the magnetosphere, but the role and weight of the single processes are still under discussion [2]. -
Explore Science
SMALL SATELLITE MISSIONS FOR PLANETARY SCIENCE Carolyn R. Mercer, Ph.D. Program Executive, Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx) AIAA Small Spacecraft Missions Conference August 4, 2019 Logan, Utah Apollo 15 Particles and Fields Subsatellite (PFS-1) • 35 kg spacecraft flown with Apollo 15 in 1971 • Orbited the Moon for 6 months • Science mission: • Measured the strength and direction of interplanetary and terrestrial magnetic fields • Detected variations in the lunar gravity field • Measured proton and electron flux 2 NASA SCIENCE AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM Helio- Earth physics Science Planetary Astrophysics Science Joint Agency Satellite Division 4 Small Spacecraft for Planetary Science Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development (ASTID) 2008 • O/OREOS (2010 launch) Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx-1) 2014 • LunaH-Map, Q-PACE Directed and Partnered Secondary Payloads • MarCO (2018 launch) • LICIA Cube (2021) – potential ASI contribution Planetary Science Deep Space SmallSat Studies (PSDS3) 2017 • 19 Studies – Presented March 2018 at LPSC Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx-2) 2018 • Janus, Escapade, Lunar Trailblazer • Next proposals due no earlier than June 2020 5 Planetary Science Deep Space SmallSat Studies Solicitation requested: • Concepts for planetary science missions • 180 kg total spacecraft mass limit • $100M cost cap • No constraints on rides, infrastructure, etc. Solicitation sought answers to: • Can deep space missions be credibly done -
Cmes, Solar Wind and Sun-Earth Connections: Unresolved Issues
CMEs, solar wind and Sun-Earth connections: unresolved issues Rainer Schwenn Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany [email protected] In recent years, an unprecedented amount of high-quality data from various spaceprobes (Yohkoh, WIND, SOHO, ACE, TRACE, Ulysses) has been piled up that exhibit the enormous variety of CME properties and their effects on the whole heliosphere. Journals and books abound with new findings on this most exciting subject. However, major problems could still not be solved. In this Reporter Talk I will try to describe these unresolved issues in context with our present knowledge. My very personal Catalog of ignorance, Updated version (see SW8) IAGA Scientific Assembly in Toulouse, 18-29 July 2005 MPRS seminar on January 18, 2006 The definition of a CME "We define a coronal mass ejection (CME) to be an observable change in coronal structure that occurs on a time scale of a few minutes and several hours and involves the appearance (and outward motion, RS) of a new, discrete, bright, white-light feature in the coronagraph field of view." (Hundhausen et al., 1984, similar to the definition of "mass ejection events" by Munro et al., 1979). CME: coronal -------- mass ejection, not: coronal mass -------- ejection! In particular, a CME is NOT an Ejección de Masa Coronal (EMC), Ejectie de Maså Coronalå, Eiezione di Massa Coronale Éjection de Masse Coronale The community has chosen to keep the name “CME”, although the more precise term “solar mass ejection” appears to be more appropriate. An ICME is the interplanetry counterpart of a CME 1 1. -
Solar Wind Magnetosphere Coupling
Solar Wind Magnetosphere Coupling F. Toffoletto, Rice University Figure courtesy T. W. Hill with thanks to R. A. Wolf and T. W. Hill, Rice U. Outline • Introduction • Properties of the Solar Wind Near Earth • The Magnetosheath • The Magnetopause • Basic Physical Processes that control Solar Wind Magnetosphere Coupling – Open and Closed Magnetosphere Processes – Electrodynamic coupling – Mass, Momentum and Energy coupling – The role of the ionosphere • Current Status and Summary QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. Introduction • By virtue of our proximity, the Earth’s magnetosphere is the most studied and perhaps best understood magnetosphere – The system is rather complex in its structure and behavior and there are still some basic unresolved questions – Today’s lecture will focus on describing the coupling to the major driver of the magnetosphere - the solar wind, and the ionosphere – Monday’s lecture will look more at the more dynamic (and controversial) aspect of magnetospheric dynamics: storms and substorms The Solar Wind Near the Earth Solar-Wind Properties Observed Near Earth • Solar wind parameters observed by many spacecraft over period 1963-86. From Hapgood et al. (Planet. Space Sci., 39, 410, 1991). Solar Wind Observed Near Earth Values of Solar-Wind Parameters Parameter Minimum Most Maximum Probable Velocity v (km/s) 250 370 2000× Number density n (cm-3) 683 Ram pressure rv2 (nPa)* 328 Magnetic field strength B 0 6 85 (nanoteslas) IMF Bz (nanoteslas) -31 0¤ 27 * 1 nPa = 1 nanoPascal = 10-9 Newtons/m2. Indicates at least one interval with B < 0.1 nT. ¤ Mean value was 0.014 nT, with a standard deviation of 3.3 nT. -
THEMIS Observations of a Hot Flow Anomaly: Solar Wind, Magnetosheath, and Ground-Based Measurements J
THEMIS observations of a hot flow anomaly: Solar wind, magnetosheath, and ground-based measurements J. Eastwood, D. Sibeck, V. Angelopoulos, T. Phan, S. Bale, J. Mcfadden, C. Cully, S. Mende, D. Larson, S. Frey, et al. To cite this version: J. Eastwood, D. Sibeck, V. Angelopoulos, T. Phan, S. Bale, et al.. THEMIS observations of a hot flow anomaly: Solar wind, magnetosheath, and ground-based measurements. Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union, 2008, 35 (17), pp.L17S03. 10.1029/2008GL033475. hal- 03086705 HAL Id: hal-03086705 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03086705 Submitted on 23 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L17S03, doi:10.1029/2008GL033475, 2008 THEMIS observations of a hot flow anomaly: Solar wind, magnetosheath, and ground-based measurements J. P. Eastwood,1 D. G. Sibeck,2 V. Angelopoulos,3 T. D. Phan,1 S. D. Bale,1,4 J. P. McFadden,1 C. M. Cully,5,6 S. B. Mende,1 D. Larson,1 S. Frey,1 C. W. Carlson,1 K.-H. Glassmeier,7 H. U. Auster,7 A. Roux,8 and O. -
Solar Wind Properties and Geospace Impact of Coronal Mass Ejection-Driven Sheath Regions: Variation and Driver Dependence E
Solar Wind Properties and Geospace Impact of Coronal Mass Ejection-Driven Sheath Regions: Variation and Driver Dependence E. K. J. Kilpua, D. Fontaine, C. Moissard, M. Ala-lahti, E. Palmerio, E. Yordanova, S. Good, M. M. H. Kalliokoski, E. Lumme, A. Osmane, et al. To cite this version: E. K. J. Kilpua, D. Fontaine, C. Moissard, M. Ala-lahti, E. Palmerio, et al.. Solar Wind Properties and Geospace Impact of Coronal Mass Ejection-Driven Sheath Regions: Variation and Driver Dependence. Space Weather: The International Journal of Research and Applications, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2019, 17 (8), pp.1257-1280. 10.1029/2019SW002217. hal-03087107 HAL Id: hal-03087107 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03087107 Submitted on 23 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. RESEARCH ARTICLE Solar Wind Properties and Geospace Impact of Coronal 10.1029/2019SW002217 Mass Ejection-Driven Sheath Regions: Variation and Key Points: Driver Dependence • Variation of interplanetary properties and geoeffectiveness of CME-driven sheaths and their dependence on the E. K. J. Kilpua1 , D. Fontaine2 , C. Moissard2 , M. Ala-Lahti1 , E. Palmerio1 , ejecta properties are determined E. -
Navy Space and Astronautics Orientation. INSTITUTION Bureau of Naval Personnel, Washington, D
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 070 566 SE 013 889 AUTHOR Herron, R. G. TITLE Navy Space and Astronautics Orientation. INSTITUTION Bureau of Naval Personnel, Washington, D. C.; Naval Personnel Program Support Activity, Washington, D. C. REPORT NO NAVPERS- 10488 PUB DATE 67 NOTE 235p. '2 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$9.87 DESCRIPTORS Aerospace Education; AerospaceTechnology; *Instructional Materials; Military Science; *Military Training; Navigatioti; *Post Secondary Education; *Space Sciences; *Supplementary Textbooks; Textbooks ABSTRACT Fundamental concepts of the spatial environment, technologies, and applications are presented in this manual prepared for senior officers and key civilian employees. Following basic information on the atmosphere, solar system, and intergalactic space, a detailed review is included of astrodynamics, rocket propulsion, bioastronautics, auxiliary spacecraft survival systems, and atmospheric entry.Subsequentlythere is an analysis of naval space facilities, and satellite applications, especially those of naval interests, are discussed with a background of launch techniques, spatial data gathering, communications programs ,of)servation techniques, measurements by geodetic and navigation systems. Included is a description of space defense and future developments of both national and international space programs. Moreover, commercial systems are mentioned, such as the 85-pound Early Bird (Intelsat I) Intelsat II series, global Intelsat III series, and Soviet-made elMolnlyan satellites. The total of 29 men and one woman orbiting the earth In-1961-67 are tabulated in terms of their names, flight series, launching dates, orbit designations, or biting periods,. stand-up periods, and extra vehicular activity records. Besides numerous illustrations, a list ofsignificantspace launches and a glossary of special terms are included in the manual appendices along with two tables of frequencybanddesignation. -
Atmospheric Escape from the TRAPPIST-1 Planets\Xmlpi{\\}
Atmospheric escape from the TRAPPIST-1 planets and implications for habitability Chuanfei Donga,b,1, Meng Jinc, Manasvi Lingamd,e, Vladimir S. Airapetianf, Yingjuan Mag, and Bart van der Holsth aDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; bPrinceton Center for Heliophysics, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; cLockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA 94304; dInstitute for Theory and Computation, Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138; eJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; fHeliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771; gInstitute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and hCenter for Space Environment Modeling, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Edited by Neta A. Bahcall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved December 4, 2017 (received for review May 15, 2017) The presence of an atmosphere over sufficiently long timescales dence from our own Solar System suggests that the erosion of the is widely perceived as one of the most prominent criteria asso- atmosphere by the stellar wind plays a crucial role, especially for ciated with planetary surface habitability. We address the crucial Earth-sized planets where such losses constitute the dominant question of whether the seven Earth-sized planets transiting the mechanism (13, 14), and the same could also be true for exo- recently discovered ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 are capable of planets around M dwarfs (15, 16). Recent studies of atmospheric retaining their atmospheres. To this effect, we carry out numerical ion escape rates from Proxima b (and other M-dwarf exoplanets) simulations to characterize the stellar wind of TRAPPIST-1 and the also appear to indicate that the resulting ion losses are signifi- atmospheric ion escape rates for all of the seven planets. -
LUNAR T-Rex): IDENTIFYING RESOURCES on the MOON USING TETHERED SMALLSATS
Developing a New Space Economy (2019) 5049.pdf LUNAR TETHERED RESOURCE EXPLORER (LUNAR T-REx): IDENTIFYING RESOURCES ON THE MOON USING TETHERED SMALLSATS. T. J. Stubbs1, M. E. Purucker1, J. D. Hudeck2, R. P. Hoyt3, B. K. Malphrus4, M. A. Mesarch1, M. Bakhtiari-nejad1, G. E. Cruz-Ortiz1, E. T. Stoneking1, T. E. Johnson2, D. J. Chai1, D. C. Folta1, and R. R. Vondrak1, 1NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 2NASA Wallops Flight Facility, 3Tethers Unlimited, Inc., 4Morehead State University. Point of contact: [email protected] Introduction: On Earth, economically viable mineralization associated With large impact craters can often be identified by its magnetic signatures [1,2]. The magnetic field from these features decays With the inverse of distance, such that identification requires low altitude measurements. On the Moon, many of the large Nectarian-aged impact features have prominent magnetic features associated With their central peak regions [3]. It is possible that the signatures of economic mineralization could be iden- tified at the Moon With low altitude (<20 km) in situ magnetic field measurements. Tethered Architecture: However, low altitude lunar orbits (<50 km) tend to be unstable, such that without regular orbit maintenance maneuvers they last only a feW Weeks before impacting the Moon [4]. A mission surveying lunar magnetic fields Would require at least a feW months, if not more than a year. The Figure 1: A tethered lunar CubeSat mission. fuel mass burden for maintaining a low altitude orbit swirls. BOLAS consisted of tWo EPSA-class Small- is prohibitive, especially for SmallSats. Sats connected by a 25 km tether With the formation The Lunar Tethered Resource Explorer (Lunar T- center-of-mass in a “frozen” orbit, Which Was stable REx) team is studying the possibility of using tWo for at least a year and had a 30° inclination.