Copyrighted Material

I N D E X

aboriginal gangs, 39

allegations against, 113–14

arraignment, 171

absentee fathers, 68, 88, 231–32

Africa, immigration from, 10 Agincourt Collegiate Institute, 84 AK Kannan (gang), 42 charges, 106, 130, 131, 148, 151, 154 murder trial, 166, 185–86, 198–99,
204–5, 210–11, 218, 239
Akhtar, Suhail, 138, 159–60, 164, 171,
176–77, 179–81, 183, 204–6, 207–8, 212–14, 215, 219, 241, 248
Allen, Janet, 49, 50, 52, 53 Allen, Marcus, 53 sentencing, 241–42, 243–44 Auguste, Arnold, 224

B-Boys, 42 B-Way, 34
Allen, Norris (Bolu), 19, 23, 24–25, 47,
61, 71, 78, 96, 100, 105, 115, 119, 127–29, 139, 153, 176, 182 murder of, 49–51
“baby mama”term, 231 baby mother syndrome, 232 Badibanga, Neville, 62, 63, 128, 152 Band of the Hand, 38

Allen, Norris, Sr., 54

Banks,Wayne, 5, 6, 7, 75, 76–79, 80,

82–83, 85, 87–89, 90, 94, 100–1, 103, 105, 106, 109, 216, 219, 248
Bascuñán, Rodrigo, 39–40 basketball, 18, 233
American gangs, 6, 38, 39, 44, 54 Anderson, Shannon, 199–200, 210 Appleby,Timothy, 223, 224 Aransibia, Anthony (“e Fox”), 40–41

Ardwick Bloods, 92, 232

Baylis,Todd, 227–28

Asia, immigration from, 10 Asian gangs, 40, 41
Beanery Boys, 37 Bell, Albert, 12–13

Aspiodis, Jim, 172

Bell, Leonard (“Leo”)

Atkins, Alice, 216, 217, 218, 219, 230 Atkins, Philip, 68, 77, 86, 88, 89, 90, 96,
98, 100, 123, 139 childhood, 12–13 criminal background check, 5, 7 immigration to Canada, 13

2 5 4 | I n d e x

Bell, Leonard (Continued )

reaction to verdict, 221
Capone, Al, 21 Capote,Truman, 169 Caracciolo, Roger, 58, 121–30, 131,
137–38, 152 relationship with father, 12, 13 religious beliefs, 5, 12 shooting, 2–3, 4–5, 13–14 testimony, murder trial, 177–78 thanksgiving service, 248 victim-impact statement, 243 Bell, Loreen, 13
Caribbean, immigration from, 10–11,
230
Carrillos, Luis, 42–43 Carter, Randy, 58, 59 Cedarbrae Mall, 60

Berg, David, 163–64, 171–72, 178, 182,

cell phones, xii, 21, 34, 57, 88, 96, 101

185–86, 198–99, 200, 203, 210–11, Central Toronto Youth Services, 38

241–42

Centre for Addiction and Mental

Health, 30

Bernard,Violet, 69

Biscombe, Kareem Brenton, 18–19, 20 black cultural identity, 43, 68, 230 black homicide victimization, 227, 229 black-on-black crime, 67–68, 229, 243,
247 (See also young black men)
Blair, Bill, 39, 51, 130–31, 148, 234, 235 Blakely, Janice, 76
Charlton/Bell—murder trial Bell testimony, 177–78 closing arguments, 209–14 defence lawyers, 158–64 Ellis testimony, 179–87, 206 court security, 165–67, 217 forensic evidence, 202

Bloods, 44

instructions to jury, 214–15

judge’s rulings, 159

Bloor Collegiate, 37

Bonis, Robert R., 31

jury selection, 170–74, 239

lawyers’antics, 205–6, 208, 214 media coverage, 200, 217 pre-trail stage, 166–70, 205, 217 sentencing, 243–44
Boys and Girls Club of East Scarborough,
12–19,23,30,49,115
Brando, Marlon, 46 Brenyan Way, 34 Brighton Buccaneers, 162 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka,
Kansas, 231 verdict, 216–21 victim-impact statements, 241–43 Wilson testimony, 189–202 Charlton/Bell shooting, 2–3 Crime Stoppers re-enactment, 100 motive. See Galloway/Malvern dispute, origin
Buju Banton (reggae group), 54 Burks, Dean, 111–13, 121, 130, 131–32,
141–42, 189, 247, 248
Butcher, Iris, 149

Butcher, John, 149–50

Riley’s statement, 126–29

Charlton, Brenton, Sr., 9–10, 11, 242 Charlton, Brenton Almondo,
Jr. (“Junior”)
C-Trail (gang), 34 Campbell, Albert, 30 Campden Green (complex), 86 Canada Customs, 149, 150, 157 Canada Mortgage and Housing
Corporation, 33 employment history, 12 funeral, 7 immigration, 11 investigation of murder. See Project

Pathﬁnder

Cannon, Margaret, 228

I n d e x

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2 5 5

murder of, 2–3

community-based crime-prevention

initiatives, 74

perception of by others, 12

personality, 11, 12

community-police relationship, 30, 246,

247 (See also racism)

physical appearance, 2 relationship with father, 11 relationship with mother, 1, 2,
9, 11 conﬁdential informants (CIs), 51, 95–96 “cool-pose culture,”232 Coppola, Francis Ford, 38 Corbette, Derrick, 110 Cosby, Bill, 231 religious beliefs, 12 Children’s Aid Society (Hamilton),

149

courts

Charter of Rights and Freedoms,
166, 169 racial injustice, 237–38 security, 134–35, 165–67 crack cocaine, 21, 34, 40, 41, 117, 118,
129, 132, 180–81, 183
Chevrolet Impala, 3, 178, 213, 214 Chicago, 43, 246 Childs, Scott, 160–61 Chin, Ben, 224
Crawford, Michael, 230, 231 Creba, Jane, xii, 162, 247 Crime Stoppers, 75, 95, 100 Criminal Code, 81, 85, 104, 168–69,
190
China, immigration, 31 Chinatown, 41 Chinese Boys, 42

Chinese gangs, 39

Criminal Lawyers’Association, 135

criminal organization legislation,
244–45
Chinese Maﬁa (gang), 38 Chrétien government, 157 Chrysler Neon, 2–4, 5, 75, 110, 142, 176, Crips, 44–45, 54

177, 178, 196, 213–14, 242

cross-border gun smuggling, 73, 149–50

citizenship, 237–38

cultural sensitivity, 237

Curling, Alvin, 227

Citytv, 224, 226

Clement, Patrick, 210, 248 clothing, 38, 42, 152, 233 cocaine, 40, 51, 76 (See also crack cocaine)
Dambrot, Michael courtroom demeanour, 158 instructions to jury, 214–15 legal background, 157–58, 159 physical appearance, 157 rulings, 159 coded (phone) conversations, 94 Cole, David, 226, 229, 236–39 Cole, Esther, 237 College of Arts, Science and
Technology (Jamaica), 13
Colony Grand Ballroom, 171

Colors (ﬁlm), 38

verdict, 216–21 (See also Charlton/Bell—murder trial) Davis, Mike, 60 Decker, Scott, 246

Colour of Justice ,  e (Tanovich), 235

colours, 42, 44–45
Demetrius, Omar Lloyd, 46–47 deportation, 39, 227, 228

Devine, Phillip, 134

Colton, Guy , 66

Comeau, Al, 5, 6, 7, 76–80, 81–84, 90,
94–96, 100, 101, 105, 109–10, 248
Common Sense Revolution, 238
Dnieper, Robert, 39 Don Jail, 132, 165, 172, 236 Don Mount neighbourhood, 39

2 5 6 | I n d e x

Driftwood Crips, 92

Eunick, Gary, 46

drive-by shootings, 6

Ewaschuk, Eugene, 25

extortion, 41, 131–32

drug trade, 10, 19, 20–21, 22, 34, 40–41,

51, 54, 76, 117, 118, 119, 129, 131, 132, 149, 157–58, 183, 184, 236
Drummond, Dwight, 226 Durham College, 67
42 Division (Scarborough), 70, 84,
103, 105
Facebook , 217
Durham Regional Police, 23, 89 dynamic entry , 103
Fantino, Julian, 73, 74, 91, 105–6, 130,
233, 234, 235
Fight Night charity event, 160

Five Points Mall, 89

East,Wondez, 15–16, 20, 25, 173

Eaton Centre, 39

folk magic, 100

Edward, Ian, 17–18, 19, 30 Ellis, Christine, 24
Fonda, Jane, 44 forensic ﬁrearms tests, 3–4 Forensic Identiﬁcation Services
(Toronto), 66
Ellis, Michael, 67 Ellis, Roland George, x, 18, 19, 29,
34–35, 44–45, 47–48, 52, 55, 61–62, 98, 100, 244
Foster, Cecil, 228, 230 Fough, Patricia, 67, 92 Francis, Carl, 16, 121, 137 Francis, Courtney, 16, 18, 19, 98, 137 Francis, David, 82, 84 Fran’s Restaurant, 116 fraud, 101, 129 allure of gangs, 21–22 arrests, 117, 119 childhood, 115–16 convictions, 117, 180 death threats against, 120, 123, 124,

125–26, 129

Free Presbyterian Church, 3

deﬁnition of gang, 46 interviews with police, 115, 121–29,
131–32
G-checks, 35, 118, 213 Galloway Boys (G-Way) members/associates, xvii–xviii north side, 125, 127, 180 south side, 117, 118–19, 124, 125,
127, 151, 180 lawyers’assessment,182, 209,210,211 physical appearance, 22, 179 relationship with Riley, 24, 119–21,
125, 130, 181, 182, 185 testimony, murder trial, 179–87,
206, 212 turf (map), xxii Galloway Road, 17 testimony, preliminary hearing,
118–19, 137–39, 154
Galloway,William, 28–29 Galloway/Malvern Crew rivalry, 47–48,
95–96, 106, 127, 134 (See also Allen, Norris, murder) witness protection program, 129,
130, 138
Emergency Task Force (ETF), 87, 88,
89, 103, 166 gambling, 41 gang-member database, 42, 46 “Gang Wars:e Failure of Enforcement Tactics ...”(report), 246–47 gangs
Empz (gang), 34

Enter the Babylon System: Unpacking
Gun Cuture from Samuel Colt to 50

Cent (Pearce/Bascuñán), 40

allure, 21–22, 38, 41, 43–44, 59, 117

I n d e x

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characteristics, 45–46 growth, 34, 37–38, 45 identiﬁers. See clothing; colours; haircuts; hand signals; insignia; shoes; tattoos hand signals, 42 Hargreaves, Mike, 147–49 Harris, Mike, 238 Harvey, Elsada, 11 Harvey, Uleth, 9, 11, 12, 216, 242

Hayden,Tom, 44

leadership structure, 45

membership, 21

Head to Toe (beauty salon), 96

Hellyer, Paul, 32

mottoes, 17, 46

music, 39 (See also hip-hop music; rap high-risk takedowns, 87, 88, 89 (See also music; reggae music)
“no snitch”code, 7, 19, 70, 130 on Charlton/Bell shooting, 126–29 origin of names, 42 dynamic entry)
Highway 2, 29 Highway 401, 29, 33, 89, 57 Hinton, S.E., 38
Gartner, Rosemary, 229 Gayle, Clinton, 227–28 Gayle, Ernesto, 99, 115, 247 geographic isolation, 30, 34 (See also black cultural identity; public housing projects) hip-hop music, 39–40, 232, 233 Hispanic Development Council, 42

History of Scarborough, A (Bonis), 31

Hollywood, 37 home invasions, 54, 96, 147 Homeownership Made Easy

(program), 33

Get Mad Crew, 46

Getty, Greg, 91, 92

homicides,Toronto. See Toronto,

homicide solve rate; homicide stats hooping, 167
Gilder Dr. high rise, 148 Gittens, Margaret, 226, 238 Globe and Mail,38,40,161,223,224,238 Hortley, Omar, 5–68, 74, 75, 92, 101,

Godfather ,  e (ﬁlm), 46

110, 113, 131, 142, 153, 154, 229,

231

Golding, Lew, 23, 30

Gordon, Robert, 43

Hotsteppers, 13

graﬃti, 38, 42

Hyatt, Chris, 86–87, 97, 110

Gravano, Roland George, 115 “Greater Vancouver Gang Study”
(Gordon), 43
Ice-T, 54–55 immigration, 10–11, 31, 229–32 Impala. See Chevrolet Impala

In Cold Blood (Capote), 169

income gap, 28, 32
GRIT (Gun Reduction Identiﬁcation
Targeting) program, 70
Guildwood Village (the Guild), 28 gun amnesties, 147

Inside the Crips (Smith), 54–55

insignia, 45

gun registry, 228

gun traﬃcking. See weapons traﬃcking gun violence, 73–74, 147, 245–46 Guns and Gangs Task Force, 70 guns, linked to homicides, 147

Invisible Empire (Gartner/ompson),

229
Islington and Finch area, 92 Izzett, Steven, 94

haircuts, 38

Jack, Dave, 47

Hamilton, John, 100

jail, life in, 107, 131–32

2 5 8 | I n d e x

Jamaica

Lawrence, Raymond, 224, 225

LeBlanc, Adam, 58

and drug trade, 40, 41

and folk magic, 100

Lee, Derek, 74

immigration, 10, 230–31 Jamaican gangs, 13, 40, 41, 223–24 James, Royson, 231–32 Jamestown Crew, 92 legal aid boycott, 238–39 Leimonis, Georgina (Vivi), 161–62,
227, 228, 247
Leone, Mike, 227–28
Jane -Finch corridor, 27–28, 31, 62, 92 Jane Finch Killaz, 42
Lester B. Pearson Collegiate, 51–52 Lester B. Pearson International Airport,

157

John Howard Society, 244

Johnson, Jamol, 108

Linquist, Darryl, 110–11, 112–13, 121,

129, 130, 152, 189

Jones, Emile Mark, 161

Jones, Mark, 69–71, 77, 110, 113, 154 Jordan, Michael, 18
Lockyer, Posner and Campbell, 162 Loparco,Tony, 159

Journal of International Migration and
Integration, 236

Los Angeles, 38, 54, 224, 246 jury selection. See Charlton/
Bell—murder trial
Mad Soldiers, 117, 118, 180–81 Makin, Kirk, 238

Just Desserts, 161–62, 227, 228

Malvern Christian Assembly, 7

Justice Department (Canada),45,157,158 Malvern Crew members/associates, xviii
Kerr, Heather Nicole, 76–80, 81, 82,
96, 100 turf (map), xxii (See also Galloway/Malvern Crew

dispute)

King , Rodney, 224

King, Stuart, 65–66

Malvern neighbourhood, 6, 24, 30,

33–34

King Turbo studio, 24

Kingston/Galloway gangs, 42 Kingston Road, 27, 28, 29–30
Malvern Recreation Centre, 34 Malvern Town Centre, 34, 246 Mandela, Nelson, 224

La Raza, 43

Maplehurst Correctional Complex,

63, 153

L.A. Boyz, 43

language

Maragh, Marlon, 23, 34

marijuana, 21, 34, 51, 107, 129, 157–58 Martin, Kathryn, 58, 59, 60, 61, 216 Massive (gang), 38 barriers, 43 culturally insensitive, 237–38 and wire monitors, 94 (See also street language) Lastman, Mel, 233–34 Latin America, immigration from, 10 Latin Browns, 43 material witness warrant, 112 Mathews, Fred, 37–38, 41 Matthews, Andre, 20 McComb, David, 160

Latin Kings, 43

McCormack,William, 41

McDonald’s, 12

Latino gangs, 43

law-and-order agenda, 73–74, 91,
235, 238
McGinty, Dalton, 74 McGuire, Jeﬀ, 83, 92

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McKay, Andy, 139, 163, 182 McMurtry, Roy, 227
911 calls, 3 “Nature of Canadian Urban Gangs
McMurtry-Curling report, 227, 236 McPherson, Maxeen (Smokey), 110,
119, 127, 128, 139, 187, 193, 196, 201 and eir Use of Firearms”report, 45–46
Neon. See Chrysler Neon

New Jack City (ﬁlm), 19

New York City, xi, 40, 246–47

New York Times, 232

McRae, Nicholson Duncan, 96 McTaggart’s bar, 34, 118, 132 media, 27–28, 42, 43, 91, 137, 175, 181,
200, 217, 223–24
Newby, Frances, 104–5 Nichols, Denae, 63
Meikle, Orim, 67–68, 74, 229, 231

Menace II Society (ﬁlm), 19

Metro East Detention Centre. See
Toronto East Detention Centre
Metropolitan Toronto Housing
Authority, 32 nicknames, x, 21, 51, 94, 107, 128 Nike Air, 39, 107 Nissan Pathﬁnder, 25, 105, 110, 123,
130, 178, 184, 185, 186–87, 201, 203, 204, 217
Nitti, Frank, 21

Miami, drug trade, 40

“no snitch”code, 7, 19, 70, 130

Noble,W.G., 37

Midanik, David Morton, 160–62,

163, 164, 167, 168, 169, 172, 178, 182–85, 194–98, 200, 201, 203, 205–6, 208, 209–10, 214, 218, 239
Miller, David, 73–74
Nordheimer, Ian, 165–66, 176 north side, G-Boys, 125, 127, 180 North York (ON), 28, 31 Nugent, Sheldon (“Keys”), 125
Ministry of the Attorney General, 134 Mirosolin, Maurice, 162–63, 172, 178,
186–87, 199, 204, 211–12, 215 mistaken identity, 23, 49, 70, 95,
110, 127
O’Connor, Liam, 139 Obama, Barack, 217 Obeah (folk magic), 100 Ogden Funeral Home, 54, 66 Ontario Court of Appeal, 170, 239 Ontario Court of Justice, 106–7,
133, 236
Mitchell, Dave, 107 Moeser, Ron, 31

Monster (Scott), 44

Morgan, Ann, 81, 85

Ontario Housing Corporation (OHC),

31

Mornelle Court gang, 42, 45

Morningside Mall, 121

Ontario Provincial Police (OPP), 84

Orton Park, 20

Mother Teresa Catholic Elementary

School, 87

Outsiders ,  e (Hinton), 38

Owusu-Bempah, Akwasi, 236

motorcycle gangs, 40, 107, 245

murder trial. See Charlton/

Bell—murder trial

Parai, Jacqueline, 66

music, 38 (See also hip-hop music; rap music; reggae music)
Parks decision, 170 Parks, Carlton, 170

music videos, 39

Pasquino, Lesley, 177–78, 182, 201, 241

Mutiisa, Eric, 57–61, 65, 75, 78, 91, 101, Pathﬁnder. See Nissan Pathﬁnder;

131, 137–38, 153, 216

Project Pathﬁnder

2 6 0 | I n d e x

patois, 94

public housing projects, 27, 28, 29,

30–32, 42, 231

Patrong, Koﬁ, 86–87, 97, 110

Patterson, Orlando, 232–33 Pearce, Christian, 39–40 Pecknold, Maureen, 141, 142, 190,
191–94, 197, 199–200, 201, 217, 248
Pye,Wayne, 70 Quebec, motorcycle gangs, 245 Quinn,Tom, 23

Pent, the (Pentagon, high-rise), 20, 61 Philippines, 31 race riots, ix, xi, 224 racial proﬁling, 235–36 racism, 5, 223–39, 247 raids, 103–5
Pickering (ON), 23 Pine Ridge Secondary School, 23 “the pipe”(building), 29 pizza heists, 20
Ramer, James, 85 Rankin, Jim, 233 police brutality, 19 (See also community- rap music, 39–40, 118 police relations; racism) police scanners, 87 police visibility, 73, 235

Rapsheet (DVD), xi–xii

Raybould, Brian, 75, 83, 92 reasonable doubt, 214–15
Pope John Paul II Secondary School, 67 re-examination in chief, 199–200

Posse, 38

Regent Park, 20, 30, 39, 170

Regent Park Posse, 42 Reid, Alton (Ross P), 178, 214 Reid, Gary, 16–17, 23–24, 62–63, 65,
128, 151–53 poverty, ix, 12, 15, 30, 33, 43 prayer teams, 74 preliminary hearing charges, 133, 137 court security, 134–35, 137 Ellis’s testimony, 138–39, 154 judge’s ruling, 153–54 media access, 137, 181 Reid’s testimony, 153 Riley’s testimony, 153 Wilson’s testimony, 90, 141–43, 154,
198–99, 201–2, 213 reputation, 44, 127 respect, 6, 37, 44, 53, 127, 232 Rexdale (ON), 92 Rexdale Posse, 42 Rhema Christian Ministries, 68 Rhodes, Emma, 135, 167 Richards,Teran, 23 ride squads, 54, 119, 139, 176, 182,

213, 244

Presumed Innocent (Turow), 169

prison sentences, 74, 147, 235, 244, 245 Project Deliverance, 20 Project Flicker, 92
Riley, Marie, 15–16, 17, 20, 24, 99–100,
104, 106–7, 136–37, 155, 181, 216, 230

Project Fusion, 92

Riley,Tyshan

Project Impact, 70, 75–76, 82, 91, 94, 96,
245–46 allegations, 95–96, 113 arraignment, 171

Project Kryptic, 92

arrest, 87, 89, 90

Project Pathﬁnder, 75–80, 90, 93, 94,
131, 195, 245–46 charges, 91, 92, 106, 130, 131, 133,
136, 153–54

Project XXX, 92

childhood, 15–20

prostitution, 29–30

criminal activity, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25