INDEX

aboriginal gangs, 39 allegations against, 113–14 absentee fathers, 68, 88, 231–32 arraignment, 171 Africa, immigration from, 10 charges, 106, 130, 131, 148, 151, 154 Agincourt Collegiate Institute, 84 murder trial, 166, 185–86, 198–99, AK Kannan (gang), 42 204–5, 210–11, 218, 239 Akhtar, Suhail, 138, 159–60, 164, 171, sentencing, 241–42, 243–44 176–77, 179–81, 183, 204–6, Auguste, Arnold, 224 207–8, 212–14, 215, 219, 241, 248 Allen, Janet, 49, 50, 52, 53 B-Boys, 42 Allen, Marcus, 53 B-Way, 34 Allen, Norris (Bolu), 19, 23, 24–25, 47, “baby mama” term, 231 61, 71, 78, 96, 100, 105, 115, 119, baby mother syndrome, 232 127–29, 139, 153, 176, 182 Badibanga, Neville, 62, 63, 128, 152 murder of, 49–51 Band of the Hand, 38 Allen, Norris, Sr., 54 Banks, Wayne, 5, 6, 7, 75, 76–79, 80, American gangs, 6, 38, 39, 44, 54 82–83, 85, 87–89, 90, 94, 100–1, Anderson, Shannon, 199–200, 210 103, 105, 106, 109, 216, 219, 248 Appleby, Timothy, 223, 224 Bascuñán, Rodrigo, 39–40 Aransibia, AnthonyCOPYRIGHTED (“Th e Fox”), 40–41 basketball, MATERIAL 18, 233 Ardwick Bloods, 92, 232 Baylis, Todd, 227–28 Asia, immigration from, 10 Beanery Boys, 37 Asian gangs, 40, 41 Bell, Albert, 12–13 Aspiodis, Jim, 172 Bell, Leonard (“Leo”) Atkins, Alice, 216, 217, 218, 219, 230 childhood, 12–13 Atkins, Philip, 68, 77, 86, 88, 89, 90, 96, criminal background check, 5, 7 98, 100, 123, 139 immigration to Canada, 13

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Bell, Leonard (Continued ) Capone, Al, 21 reaction to verdict, 221 Capote, Truman, 169 relationship with father, 12, 13 Caracciolo, Roger, 58, 121–30, 131, religious beliefs, 5, 12 137–38, 152 shooting, 2–3, 4–5, 13–14 Caribbean, immigration from, 10–11, testimony, murder trial, 177–78 230 thanksgiving service, 248 Carrillos, Luis, 42–43 victim-impact statement, 243 Carter, Randy, 58, 59 Bell, Loreen, 13 Cedarbrae Mall, 60 Berg, David, 163–64, 171–72, 178, 182, cell phones, xii, 21, 34, 57, 88, 96, 101 185–86, 198–99, 200, 203, 210–11, Central Toronto Youth Services, 38 241–42 Centre for Addiction and Mental Bernard, Violet, 69 Health, 30 Biscombe, Kareem Brenton, 18–19, 20 Charlton/Bell—murder trial black cultural identity, 43, 68, 230 Bell testimony, 177–78 black homicide victimization, 227, 229 closing arguments, 209–14 black-on-black crime, 67–68, 229, 243, defence lawyers, 158–64 247 (See also young black men) Ellis testimony, 179–87, 206 Blair, Bill, 39, 51, 130–31, 148, 234, 235 court security, 165–67, 217 Blakely, Janice, 76 forensic evidence, 202 Bloods, 44 instructions to jury, 214–15 Bloor Collegiate, 37 judge’s rulings, 159 Bonis, Robert R., 31 jury selection, 170–74, 239 Boys and Girls Club of East Scarborough, lawyers’ antics, 205–6, 208, 214 12–19, 23, 30, 49, 115 media coverage, 200, 217 Brando, Marlon, 46 pre-trail stage, 166–70, 205, 217 Brenyan Way, 34 sentencing, 243–44 Brighton Buccaneers, 162 verdict, 216–21 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, victim-impact statements, 241–43 Kansas, 231 Wilson testimony, 189–202 Buju Banton (reggae group), 54 Charlton/Bell shooting, 2–3 Burks, Dean, 111–13, 121, 130, 131–32, Crime Stoppers re-enactment, 100 141–42, 189, 247, 248 motive. See Galloway/Malvern Butcher, Iris, 149 dispute, origin Butcher, John, 149–50 Riley’s statement, 126–29 Charlton, Brenton, Sr., 9–10, 11, 242 C-Trail (gang), 34 Charlton, Brenton Almondo, Campbell, Albert, 30 Jr. (“Junior”) Campden Green (complex), 86 employment history, 12 Canada Customs, 149, 150, 157 funeral, 7 Canada Mortgage and Housing immigration, 11 Corporation, 33 investigation of murder. See Project Cannon, Margaret, 228 Pathfi nder

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murder of, 2–3 community-based crime-prevention perception of by others, 12 initiatives, 74 personality, 11, 12 community-police relationship, 30, 246, physical appearance, 2 247 (See also racism) relationship with father, 11 confi dential informants (CIs), 51, 95–96 relationship with mother, 1, 2, “cool-pose culture,” 232 9, 11 Coppola, Francis Ford, 38 religious beliefs, 12 Corbette, Derrick, 110 Children’s Aid Society (Hamilton), Cosby, Bill, 231 149 courts Charter of Rights and Freedoms, racial injustice, 237–38 166, 169 security, 134–35, 165–67 Chevrolet Impala, 3, 178, 213, 214 crack cocaine, 21, 34, 40, 41, 117, 118, Chicago, 43, 246 129, 132, 180–81, 183 Childs, Scott, 160–61 Crawford, Michael, 230, 231 Chin, Ben, 224 Creba, Jane, xii, 162, 247 China, immigration, 31 Crime Stoppers, 75, 95, 100 Chinatown, 41 Criminal Code, 81, 85, 104, 168–69, Chinese Boys, 42 190 Chinese gangs, 39 Criminal Lawyers’ Association, 135 Chinese Mafi a (gang), 38 criminal organization legislation, Chrétien government, 157 244–45 Chrysler Neon, 2–4, 5, 75, 110, 142, 176, Crips, 44–45, 54 177, 178, 196, 213–14, 242 cross-border gun smuggling, 73, 149–50 citizenship, 237–38 cultural sensitivity, 237 Citytv, 224, 226 Curling, Alvin, 227 Clement, Patrick, 210, 248 clothing, 38, 42, 152, 233 Dambrot, Michael cocaine, 40, 51, 76 (See also crack courtroom demeanour, 158 cocaine) instructions to jury, 214–15 coded (phone) conversations, 94 legal background, 157–58, 159 Cole, David, 226, 229, 236–39 physical appearance, 157 Cole, Esther, 237 rulings, 159 College of Arts, Science and verdict, 216–21 Technology ( Jamaica), 13 (See also Charlton/Bell—murder trial) Colony Grand Ballroom, 171 Davis, Mike, 60 Colors (fi lm), 38 Decker, Scott, 246 Colour of Justice, Th e (Tanovich), 235 Demetrius, Omar Lloyd, 46–47 colours, 42, 44–45 deportation, 39, 227, 228 Colton, Guy , 66 Devine, Phillip, 134 Comeau, Al, 5, 6, 7, 76–80, 81–84, 90, Dnieper, Robert, 39 94–96, 100, 101, 105, 109–10, 248 Don Jail, 132, 165, 172, 236 Common Sense Revolution, 238 Don Mount neighbourhood, 39

EE1BINDEX.indd1BINDEX.indd 255255 77/9/10/9/10 11:43:0711:43:07 PMPM 256 | Index

Driftwood Crips, 92 Eunick, Gary, 46 drive-by shootings, 6 Ewaschuk, Eugene, 25 drug trade, 10, 19, 20–21, 22, 34, 40–41, extortion, 41, 131–32 51, 54, 76, 117, 118, 119, 129, 131, 132, 149, 157–58, 183, 184, 236 42 Division (Scarborough), 70, 84, Drummond, Dwight, 226 103, 105 Durham College, 67 Facebook , 217 Durham Regional Police, 23, 89 Fantino, Julian, 73, 74, 91, 105–6, 130, dynamic entry , 103 233, 234, 235 Fight Night charity event, 160 East, Wondez, 15–16, 20, 25, 173 Five Points Mall, 89 Eaton Centre, 39 folk magic, 100 Edward, Ian, 17–18, 19, 30 Fonda, Jane, 44 Ellis, Christine, 24 forensic fi rearms tests, 3–4 Ellis, Michael, 67 Forensic Identifi cation Services Ellis, Roland George, x, 18, 19, 29, (Toronto), 66 34–35, 44–45, 47–48, 52, 55, Foster, Cecil, 228, 230 61–62, 98, 100, 244 Fough, Patricia, 67, 92 allure of gangs, 21–22 Francis, Carl, 16, 121, 137 arrests, 117, 119 Francis, Courtney, 16, 18, 19, 98, 137 childhood, 115–16 Francis, David, 82, 84 convictions, 117, 180 Fran’s Restaurant, 116 death threats against, 120, 123, 124, fraud, 101, 129 125–26, 129 Free Presbyterian Church, 3 defi nition of gang, 46 interviews with police, 115, 121–29, G-checks, 35, 118, 213 131–32 Galloway Boys (G-Way) lawyers’ assessment, 182, 209, 210, 211 members/associates, xvii–xviii physical appearance, 22, 179 north side, 125, 127, 180 relationship with Riley, 24, 119–21, south side, 117, 118–19, 124, 125, 125, 130, 181, 182, 185 127, 151, 180 testimony, murder trial, 179–87, turf (map), xxii 206, 212 Galloway Road, 17 testimony, preliminary hearing, Galloway, William, 28–29 118–19, 137–39, 154 Galloway/Malvern Crew rivalry, 47–48, witness protection program, 129, 95–96, 106, 127, 134 (See also 130, 138 Allen, Norris, murder) Emergency Task Force (ETF), 87, 88, gambling, 41 89, 103, 166 gang-member database, 42, 46 Empz (gang), 34 “Gang Wars: Th e Failure of Enforce- Enter the Babylon System: Unpacking ment Tactics . . .” (report), 246–47 Gun Cuture from Samuel Colt to 50 gangs Cent (Pearce/Bascuñán), 40 allure, 21–22, 38, 41, 43–44, 59, 117

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characteristics, 45–46 hand signals, 42 growth, 34, 37–38, 45 Hargreaves, Mike, 147–49 identifi ers. See clothing; colours; Harris, Mike, 238 haircuts; hand signals; insignia; Harvey, Elsada, 11 shoes; tattoos Harvey, Uleth, 9, 11, 12, 216, 242 leadership structure, 45 Hayden, Tom, 44 membership, 21 Head to Toe (beauty salon), 96 mottoes, 17, 46 Hellyer, Paul, 32 music, 39 (See also hip-hop music; rap high-risk takedowns, 87, 88, 89 (See also music; reggae music) dynamic entry) “no snitch” code, 7, 19, 70, 130 Highway 2, 29 on Charlton/Bell shooting, 126–29 Highway 401, 29, 33, 89, 57 origin of names, 42 Hinton, S.E., 38 Gartner, Rosemary, 229 hip-hop music, 39–40, 232, 233 Gayle, Clinton, 227–28 Hispanic Development Council, 42 Gayle, Ernesto, 99, 115, 247 History of Scarborough, A (Bonis), 31 geographic isolation, 30, 34 (See also Hollywood, 37 black cultural identity; public home invasions, 54, 96, 147 housing projects) Homeownership Made Easy Get Mad Crew, 46 (program), 33 Getty, Greg, 91, 92 homicides, Toronto. See Toronto, Gilder Dr. high rise, 148 homicide solve rate; homicide stats Gittens, Margaret, 226, 238 hooping, 167 Globe and Mail, 38, 40, 161, 223, 224, 238 Hortley, Omar, 5–68, 74, 75, 92, 101, Godfather, Th e (fi lm), 46 110, 113, 131, 142, 153, 154, 229, Golding, Lew, 23, 30 231 Gordon, Robert, 43 Hotsteppers, 13 graffi ti, 38, 42 Hyatt, Chris, 86–87, 97, 110 Gravano, Roland George, 115 “Greater Vancouver Gang Study” Ice-T, 54–55 (Gordon), 43 immigration, 10–11, 31, 229–32 GRIT (Gun Reduction Identifi cation Impala. See Chevrolet Impala Targeting) program, 70 In Cold Blood (Capote), 169 Guildwood Village (the Guild), 28 income gap, 28, 32 gun amnesties, 147 Inside the Crips (Smith), 54–55 gun registry, 228 insignia, 45 gun traffi cking. See weapons traffi cking Invisible Empire (Gartner/Th ompson), gun violence, 73–74, 147, 245–46 229 Guns and Gangs Task Force, 70 Islington and Finch area, 92 guns, linked to homicides, 147 Izzett, Steven, 94

haircuts, 38 Jack, Dave, 47 Hamilton, John, 100 jail, life in, 107, 131–32

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Jamaica Lawrence, Raymond, 224, 225 and drug trade, 40, 41 LeBlanc, Adam, 58 and folk magic, 100 Lee, Derek, 74 immigration, 10, 230–31 legal aid boycott, 238–39 Jamaican gangs, 13, 40, 41, 223–24 Leimonis, Georgina (Vivi), 161–62, James, Royson, 231–32 227, 228, 247 Jamestown Crew, 92 Leone, Mike, 227–28 Jane -Finch corridor, 27–28, 31, 62, 92 Lester B. Pearson Collegiate, 51–52 Jane Finch Killaz, 42 Lester B. Pearson International Airport, John Howard Society, 244 157 Johnson, Jamol, 108 Linquist, Darryl, 110–11, 112–13, 121, Jones, Emile Mark, 161 129, 130, 152, 189 Jones, Mark, 69–71, 77, 110, 113, 154 Lockyer, Posner and Campbell, 162 Jordan, Michael, 18 Loparco, Tony, 159 Journal of International Migration and Los Angeles, 38, 54, 224, 246 Integration, 236 jury selection. See Charlton/ Mad Soldiers, 117, 118, 180–81 Bell—murder trial Makin, Kirk, 238 Just Desserts, 161–62, 227, 228 Malvern Christian Assembly, 7 Justice Department (Canada), 45, 157, 158 Malvern Crew members/associates, xviii Kerr, Heather Nicole, 76–80, 81, 82, turf (map), xxii 96, 100 (See also Galloway/Malvern Crew King , Rodney, 224 dispute) King, Stuart, 65–66 Malvern neighbourhood, 6, 24, 30, King Turbo studio, 24 33–34 Kingston/Galloway gangs, 42 Malvern Recreation Centre, 34 Kingston Road, 27, 28, 29–30 Malvern Town Centre, 34, 246 Mandela, Nelson, 224 La Raza, 43 Maplehurst Correctional Complex, L.A. Boyz, 43 63, 153 language Maragh, Marlon, 23, 34 barriers, 43 marijuana, 21, 34, 51, 107, 129, 157–58 culturally insensitive, 237–38 Martin, Kathryn, 58, 59, 60, 61, 216 and wire monitors, 94 Massive (gang), 38 (See also street language) material witness warrant, 112 Lastman, Mel, 233–34 Mathews, Fred, 37–38, 41 Latin America, immigration from, 10 Matthews, Andre, 20 Latin Browns, 43 McComb, David, 160 Latin Kings, 43 McCormack, William, 41 Latino gangs, 43 McDonald’s, 12 law-and-order agenda, 73–74, 91, McGinty, Dalton, 74 235, 238 McGuire, Jeff , 83, 92

EE1BINDEX.indd1BINDEX.indd 258258 77/9/10/9/10 11:43:0711:43:07 PMPM Index | 259

McKay, Andy, 139, 163, 182 911 calls, 3 McMurtry, Roy, 227 “Nature of Canadian Urban Gangs McMurtry-Curling report, 227, 236 and Th eir Use of Firearms” report, McPherson, Maxeen (Smokey), 110, 45–46 119, 127, 128, 139, 187, 193, 196, Neon. See Chrysler Neon 201 New Jack City (fi lm), 19 McRae, Nicholson Duncan, 96 New York City, xi, 40, 246–47 McTaggart’s bar, 34, 118, 132 New York Times, 232 media, 27–28, 42, 43, 91, 137, 175, 181, Newby, Frances, 104–5 200, 217, 223–24 Nichols, Denae, 63 Meikle, Orim, 67–68, 74, 229, 231 nicknames, x, 21, 51, 94, 107, 128 Menace II Society (fi lm), 19 Nike Air, 39, 107 Metro East Detention Centre. See Nissan Pathfi nder, 25, 105, 110, 123, Toronto East Detention Centre 130, 178, 184, 185, 186–87, 201, Metropolitan Toronto Housing 203, 204, 217 Authority, 32 Nitti, Frank, 21 Miami, drug trade, 40 “no snitch” code, 7, 19, 70, 130 Midanik, David Morton, 160–62, Noble, W.G., 37 163, 164, 167, 168, 169, 172, 178, Nordheimer, Ian, 165–66, 176 182–85, 194–98, 200, 201, 203, north side, G-Boys, 125, 127, 180 205–6, 208, 209–10, 214, 218, 239 North York (ON), 28, 31 Miller, David, 73–74 Nugent, Sheldon (“Keys”), 125 Ministry of the Attorney General, 134 Mirosolin, Maurice, 162–63, 172, 178, O’Connor, Liam, 139 186–87, 199, 204, 211–12, 215 Obama, Barack, 217 mistaken identity, 23, 49, 70, 95, Obeah (folk magic), 100 110, 127 Ogden Funeral Home, 54, 66 Mitchell, Dave, 107 Ontario Court of Appeal, 170, 239 Moeser, Ron, 31 Ontario Court of Justice, 106–7, Monster (Scott), 44 133, 236 Morgan, Ann, 81, 85 Ontario Housing Corporation (OHC), Mornelle Court gang, 42, 45 31 Morningside Mall, 121 Ontario Provincial Police (OPP), 84 Mother Teresa Catholic Elementary Orton Park, 20 School, 87 Outsiders, Th e (Hinton), 38 motorcycle gangs, 40, 107, 245 Owusu-Bempah, Akwasi, 236 murder trial. See Charlton/ Bell—murder trial Parai, Jacqueline, 66 music, 38 (See also hip-hop music; rap Parks decision, 170 music; reggae music) Parks, Carlton, 170 music videos, 39 Pasquino, Lesley, 177–78, 182, 201, 241 Mutiisa, Eric, 57–61, 65, 75, 78, 91, 101, Pathfi nder. See Nissan Pathfi nder; 131, 137–38, 153, 216 Project Pathfi nder

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patois, 94 public housing projects, 27, 28, 29, Patrong, Kofi , 86–87, 97, 110 30–32, 42, 231 Patterson, Orlando, 232–33 Pye, Wayne, 70 Pearce, Christian, 39–40 Pecknold, Maureen, 141, 142, 190, Quebec, motorcycle gangs, 245 191–94, 197, 199–200, 201, 217, Quinn, Tom, 23 248 Pent, the (Pentagon, high-rise), 20, 61 race riots, ix, xi, 224 Philippines, 31 racial profi ling, 235–36 Pickering (ON), 23 racism, 5, 223–39, 247 Pine Ridge Secondary School, 23 raids, 103–5 “the pipe” (building), 29 Ramer, James, 85 pizza heists, 20 Rankin, Jim, 233 police brutality, 19 (See also community- rap music, 39–40, 118 police relations; racism) Rapsheet (DVD), xi–xii police scanners, 87 Raybould, Brian, 75, 83, 92 police visibility, 73, 235 reasonable doubt, 214–15 Pope John Paul II Secondary School, 67 re-examination in chief, 199–200 Posse, 38 Regent Park, 20, 30, 39, 170 poverty, ix, 12, 15, 30, 33, 43 Regent Park Posse, 42 prayer teams, 74 Reid, Alton (Ross P), 178, 214 preliminary hearing Reid, Gary, 16–17, 23–24, 62–63, 65, charges, 133, 137 128, 151–53 court security, 134–35, 137 reputation, 44, 127 Ellis’s testimony, 138–39, 154 respect, 6, 37, 44, 53, 127, 232 judge’s ruling, 153–54 Rexdale (ON), 92 media access, 137, 181 Rexdale Posse, 42 Reid’s testimony, 153 Rhema Christian Ministries, 68 Riley’s testimony, 153 Rhodes, Emma, 135, 167 Wilson’s testimony, 90, 141–43, 154, Richards, Teran, 23 198–99, 201–2, 213 ride squads, 54, 119, 139, 176, 182, Presumed Innocent (Turow), 169 213, 244 prison sentences, 74, 147, 235, 244, 245 Riley, Marie, 15–16, 17, 20, 24, 99–100, Project Deliverance, 20 104, 106–7, 136–37, 155, 181, 216, Project Flicker, 92 230 Project Fusion, 92 Riley, Tyshan Project Impact, 70, 75–76, 82, 91, 94, 96, allegations, 95–96, 113 245–46 arraignment, 171 Project Kryptic, 92 arrest, 87, 89, 90 Project Pathfi nder, 75–80, 90, 93, 94, charges, 91, 92, 106, 130, 131, 133, 131, 195, 245–46 136, 153–54 Project XXX, 92 childhood, 15–20 prostitution, 29–30 criminal activity, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25

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girlfriends, 24–25, 77, 96 Scarborough-Rouge River riding, 74 and guns, 95, 96 Scarlem, 27 murder trial, 166, 176–85, 203, Scott, Kody, 44 204–5, 209–10, 217–18, 239 Scott, Ian, 238 nicknames, 21, 119 search warrants, 101, 103 personality, 24, 25 security, court, 134–35, 165–67, 217 philosophy, 15, 23–24 security threat group, 107, 172 physical appearance, 19–20, 21, 22, 24 segregation (schools), 231 preliminary hearing, 136 sensitivity training, police, 238 rapper, 24, 96–97 Sewell, John, 32 role models, 18, 19, 23, 52, 54 Shakur, Tupak, 52, 54 sentence, 243–44 Shamilov, Hertzel, 111 and south side leadership, 118, Share (newspaper), 224 124–25 Sharkey, Tom, 88 surveillance, 75–89 shirkas, 104 vehicles, 77, 82 shoes, 39, 107 robbery, 20, 22, 41, 54, 70, 129, 131, Shower Posse, 40–41 180–81, 182–83, 185 Simpson-Rowe, Jorrell, 176 Robertson, Paul, 133, 137, 153–54, 193 Simpsons, Th e, 98 Rocawear, 117 single-parent families, 30, 31, 203, 230 Rouge River, 33 (See also absentee fathers) Rouge Valley Park, 33 Sir Robert Borden High School, 117 royal commissions, 239 Skull Posse, 13 Rude Boys, 38 SkyDome, 2, 12 “Ryerson spanker,” 160 Smith, Cotton, 54 “Smokey.” See McPherson, Maxeen Sachs, Harriet, 172, 173 social services, 32 Scarberia, 27 socias, 38 Scarborough, 27–28 Soknacki , David, 32 following Riley’s arrest, 92–93 South America, drug trade, 40 history, 30–31 south side, G-Boys, 117, 118–19, 124, immigration to, 31 125, 127, 180 media portrayal, 27–28 south side. See Galloway Boys, Scarborough Bluff s, 28 south side Scarborough Centre riding, 246 sperm donor syndrome, 231 Scarborough Centre for Alternative spirituality, 74 Studies, 117 Sri Lankan gangs, 42 Scarborough court. See Ontario Court St. Bede Catholic Elementary School, of Justice 67 Scarborough General Hospital, 5 St. Clair subway station, 38 Scarborough Golf Club Road, 86 St. Margaret’s Church, 30 Scarborough Town Centre, 39, 57 Steinberg, Ralph , 135 Scarborough-Ellesmere riding, 33 Storbeck, Gerry, 3–4

EE1BINDEX.indd1BINDEX.indd 261261 77/9/10/9/10 11:43:0711:43:07 PMPM 262 | Index

street language, 94, 128, 138, 145, 146 Toronto Sun, 5, 50 street names. See nicknames Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), 3 Street Wars (Hayden), 44 Toronto West Detention Centre, 109 Striker Posse, 40–41 Toronto Zoo, 12, 33 Struthers, John, 59–60 Traff ord, Brian, 161–62 suburban plazas, 38 Trethewey Gangster Killers, 42 Sunnybrook Hospital, 3, 4–5, 69 Trudeau, Pierre, 10 Supreme Court of Canada, 239 turf wars, 34–35, 40–41, 42, 47–55, 138 Sutherland, Sudz, 34 Turow, Scott, 169 swarmings, 38 SWAT teams, 88, 166 undercover police, 83, 95 Untouchables, Th e (gang), 38 Taber Hill Ossuary, 29, 30 U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms Tamil gangs, 42 and Explosives (ATF), 147 Tanovich, David, 235–36 tattoos, 21, 22, 42, 46, 54, 117, 138, Vietnamese gangs, 39 179, 185 Villella, Sara 150 TAVIS (Toronto Anti-Violence voice identifi cation, 181 Intervention Strategy), 235 “Voices of Malvern” (show), 51 “Th e East.” See Metro East Detention VVT (gang), 42 Centre Th omas, Marcia, 207–8, 212, 218–19, Wallace, Juliete, 2–3 244 Walton, Damian, 61, 98, 122–23, 124, Th ompson, Sara, 229 187, 196 threat-vulnerability assessments, 134 wannabe groups, 41, 43 Th rowbacks, 24, 54, 55, 128, 181 Wareika Hills ( Jamaica), 12 Timmins (ON), 84 Warner, Dave, 33 Tom Longbook Junior Public Warr, Tony, 246 School, 69 Warriors (fi lm), 37 Tomlinson, Geary, 137 weaponry slang, 145, 146 Toronto weapons traffi cking, 73, 101, 147, homicide solve rate, 130 149–50 homicide stats, 1, 41, 147, 223, 229 welfare, 16, 31, 238 number of gangs in, 42, 46 West Hill neighbourhood, 31–32 Toronto East Detention Centre, 96, White, Sean, 167 105, 106, 107, 131–32, 151 Whittemore, Scott, 69, 70 Toronto Life magazine, 67 Williams, Dana Lee, 24–25, 51, 53, Toronto Police Association, 160 82, 86, 90, 96, 98, 99, 100–1, 119, Toronto Police Service, 3, 7, 58, 131, 120, 153, 155, 169, 175, 210, 218, 233, 234 242–43 Toronto Raptors, 147 Williams, Dwayne (“Biggs”), 51, 52, Toronto Star, x, xi, xii, 5–6, 29, 34, 41, 161, 95–96, 127 200, 223, 231, 233, 234, 235, 248 Williams, Jeannette, 60

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Williams, Jeff ery, 60 and criminal organization legislation, Williams, Neil, 190 245 Williams, Simone, 54 content, 96–100, 101, 107 Williams, Valda (mother, Brenton and jailhouse payphones, 99 Charlton), 2, 7, 11, 84, 106, minimization clause, 96 154–55, 173, 177, 182, 208, 216, and stimulating phone chatter, 219–20, 242, 247–48 100 Wilson, Marlon, 127, 130 Wisdom, Dwight, 18, 207, 208 arrest, 89, 112 Wisdom, Jason, 18, 97, 126, 127, 128, charges, 154 136, 203 convictions, 141–42, 191 arraignment, 171 murder trial testimony, 189–202, 209, charges, 131, 151 210, 211–12 murder trial, 166, 186–87, 199, preliminary trial testimony, 90, 203–5, 207–8, 211–12, 218, 239 141–43, 154, 198–99, 201–2, 213 sentence, 243–44 statements to police, 89–90, 97, witness protection program, 79, 110–11, 109–13 113, 129, 130, 138, 179 threats against, 136–37 Wortley, Scot, 236 wire rooms, 93, 94 Wire, Th e (TV), 247 “Year of the Gun” (2005), 147 wiretap monitors, 94 YMCA, 32, 37 wiretaps, x, 75–76, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88–89, young black men, 44, 230–31, 232–33, 92, 93, 95, 121, 122–23, 125, 135, 238–39 154, 176–77, 181, 210, 247 “Youth Gangs: To See Th em Talk is to authorization, 94–96, 100 Hear Th eir Walk” (Carrillos), 43 Criminal Code, 81, 85, 168–69

EE1BINDEX.indd1BINDEX.indd 263263 77/9/10/9/10 11:43:0711:43:07 PMPM EE1BINDEX.indd1BINDEX.indd 264264 77/9/10/9/10 11:43:0711:43:07 PMPM EE1BINDEX.indd1BINDEX.indd 265265 77/9/10/9/10 11:43:0711:43:07 PMPM EE1BINDEX.indd1BINDEX.indd 266266 77/9/10/9/10 11:43:0711:43:07 PMPM