DOCSLIB.ORG

Robert J. Huebner, M.D.: a Virologists Odyssey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Robert J. Huebner, M.D.: a Virologists Odyssey Robert J. Huebner, M.D.: A Virologist’s Odyssey Edward A. Beeman, M.D., F.A.C.P. 2005 This text was prepared for the Office of NIH History at the National Institutes of Health under Contract No. 263—MD - 010289 Beeman, Robert J. Huebner, M.D.: A Virologist’s Odyssey, 2005. 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 4 Introduction 11 Chapter 1: The Early Years 17 Chapter 2: Rickettsialpox 39 Chapter 3: Q Fever in Southern California 55 Chapter 4: Coxsackie Viruses—Herpangina 89 Chapter 5: Coxsackie Viruses—Epidemic Pleurodynia 119 Chapter 6: Exploring Respiratory Viruses and Adenoviruses 135 Chapter 7: The Junior Village Era 162 Chapter 8: The New Viruses 186 Chapter 9: Volunteer and Vaccine Studies 205 Chapter 10: Seventy New Viruses; Summation; Transition 235 Chapter 11: The Lieutenants 240 Chapter 12: Polyoma Virus—Explorations in Oncology 281 Chapter 13: Domestic Life; Life on the Farm 303 Chapter 14: The Tumor (T) Antigens 320 Chapter 15: Collaboration with the National Cancer Institute 340 Chapter 16: Hybrids, Helper Viruses, Adenovirus Testing, Field Studies 368 Chapter 17: The Oncogene Theory of Huebner and Todaro: Reverse Transcriptase 388 Chapter 18: Politics and Cancer 414 Beeman, Robert J. Huebner, M.D.: A Virologist’s Odyssey, 2005. 2 Chapter 19: Critics Anonymous, Contracts versus Grants, The Zinder Report 443 Chapter 20: Personnel Relationships, Additional Activities of the Viral Carcinogenesis Branch and the Virus Cancer Program 465 Chapter 21: The Oncogene Unveiled 488 Chapter 22: A Second Beginning, Illness and Decline 499 Chapter 23: Legacy 510 Chapter 24: Treading Water in the Secretarial Pool, Other Random Observations 523 Appendices: Appendix A: Curriculum Vitae 542 Appendix B: Robert J. Huebner Bibliography 547 Appendix C: List of Abbreviations 624 Appendix D: Glossary 628 Appendix E: Bibliography Related to Junior Village 664 Beeman, Robert J. Huebner, M.D.: A Virologist’s Odyssey, 2005. 3 Acknowledgments A chance introduction to Dr. Victoria A. Harden, Historian, of the National Institutes of Health, resulted in the genesis of this manuscript after a prolonged incubation period. At a meeting of the Washington Society for the History of Medicine in 1995, I heard Dr. Harden making authoritative comments about Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. I introduced myself to Dr. Harden as someone who had worked in the Virus and Rickettsial Laboratory of NIH with Dr. Robert J. Huebner from 1948 to 1952. Dr. Harden, who has been trying to “build NIH history brick-by-brick” became interested immediately, indicated that she had no information about the virus laboratory at that particular time period, and would appreciate my personal memoirs for the years when I was associated with Bob Huebner. He was an NIH research icon about whose work she wanted more information. So, three years later, I submitted a short autobiographical memoir about the time that I had spent at NIH, along with several other anecdotal laboratory adventures with which I was involved. Dr. Harden seemed to be pleased with the material that I had turned in, and she asked what I was planning to do for an encore. I hedged a reply, but I began contemplating whether I could perhaps make some further contribution to documenting medical history. In 1998 when I saw Dr. Harden at another History of Medicine Society meeting, I mentioned that I might be interested in writing a biography of Huebner whose virological exploits, I had come to realize, were largely unknown or forgotten by my contemporary infectious disease colleagues. Dr. Harden Beeman, Robert J. Huebner, M.D.: A Virologist’s Odyssey, 2005. 4 encouraged me to start examining relevant sources of information and to keep her informed about what I was able to learn and document. I began my quest by meeting with Harriet Huebner, not yet a widow, and describing to her the project that I was undertaking. Harriet was extremely supportive of this endeavor. She gave me a copy of Huebner’s extensive bibliography, his curriculum vitae, and a list of his awards and honors. I also started interviewing some of Huebner’s remaining associates at the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases of NIH, and I was able to obtain the names of various colleagues who were associated with Huebner at the National Cancer Institute. During theses initial explorations, Bob Huebner passed away in late August 1998. I attended the memorial service at his farm on September 5, 1998, had an opportunity to meet other colleagues and was able to renew acquaintance with others of his family members whom I had not seen for a long time. I began to collect selected reprints of the Huebner writings through the National Library of Medicine to supplement the ones I had retained during my time at NIH. By early spring 1999 I had collected considerable source material. I happened to encounter Dr. Harden by chance in March or April 1999. When I informed her about what I had been doing, her reaction was that since I “had accomplished so much,” I “should be made official.” She arranged for me to be associated initially with the Office of NIH History through a modest contract and then later officially as a volunteer. I was then able to use the resources of the History Office to facilitate the task of research and writing. Harriet Huebner, who had been Bob’s administrative assistant and second wife, provided rich insight about his life and personality during the course of many frequent, pleasant interviews during the writing of this manuscript. At the time of his retirement, Beeman, Robert J. Huebner, M.D.: A Virologist’s Odyssey, 2005. 5 Harriet and Bob did not retain any official work-related correspondence. Harriet described details of Bob’s professional and personal life, his personal thoughts, his philosophy of scientific research, and their close collaboration at work and at home. She also provided access to other family members who acted as custodians of family history. Bob’s sister, Catherine M. Huebner of Cincinnati, Ohio, provided many details of Bob’s early life along with notes, newspaper clippings and photographs. My first information- seeking trip to the Huebner farm in Ijamsville, Maryland yielded a cornucopia of information including several large scrapbooks containing news clippings, other publicity items and a collection of testimonials written by many guests on the occasion of Bob’s retirement. The wives, Berdi and Harriet, had carefully compiled this information over many years. My hostesses on the occasion of my visit to the farm were Susie (Roberta Sue Huebner) Creamer and Ginny (Virginia Rose) Huebner. Susie provided an extensive overview of the farm, family life, and the Huebner cattle breeding enterprise. Other Huebner siblings whom I interviewed on various occasions were Betty (Elizabeth Jean Pfeiffer), Danny (Richard Daniel), and Jim (Robert James). They each provided their own perspective on a Huebner upbringing. Jim regaled me with many humorous anecdotes about his father. I was Kay (Frances Kay) Huebner’s guest at a symposium she organized on Alzheimer’s disease at the Jefferson School of Medicine (Philadelphia) in honor of her father. I had an opportunity there to meet some of Bob’s former associates at the National Cancer Institute. On that same occasion I had a wonderful encounter with Dr. Murray B. Gardner of the University of California at Davis. He was a major Huebner associate and participant in the Virus Cancer Program. He later provided extensive Beeman, Robert J. Huebner, M.D.: A Virologist’s Odyssey, 2005. 6 literature about his role in the program in California, and we had several extended pleasant telephone conversations about his interactions with Bob. Current and former members of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, helped fill the information gaps of the years from 1952, when I left NIH, until Bob transferred to the National Cancer Institute in 1968. The major informants were Drs. Bob (Robert M.) Chanock, Al (Albert Z.) Kapikian, and Jan (Janet W.) Hartley. They each contributed documents and personal recollections of their research and collaboration with Huebner. Chanock provided extensive information of his own biography, history of the Laboratory, continuing humorous anecdotal information about Bob Huebner, and he provided access to the annual reports of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases for the mid-to late 1960s. I had several interviews with the ailing Bob (Robert H.) Parrott, who despite his fragile health, enthusiastically described his research association with Huebner. I had an opportunity to meet with Dr. Leon Rosen on one of his infrequent visits to the LID from his home near Paris, France (arranged by Bob Chanock). He described his important participation in the Junior Village studies. Dr. John L. Sever described his collaboration with Bob Huebner on the production and testing of multiviral antigens and antibodies and studies of rubella. Dr. Alexis I. Shelokov of LID, though not working directly with Huebner, was the source of much interesting anecdotal information over the course of writing this manuscript. Dr. James A. Rose, who was on temporary assignment from NCI to Wally Rowe’s unit, had ample opportunity to study interactions between Rowe and Huebner and also to observe some of Huebner’s idiosyncrasies. The person who provided me the most valuable insight into Bob Huebner’s involvement with the National Cancer Institute was Dr. Carl G. Baker, former Director of Beeman, Robert J. Huebner, M.D.: A Virologist’s Odyssey, 2005. 7 NCI from 1969 to 1972. I had several extensive meetings with Dr. Baker who generously lent me some of his personal papers and books. I also had access in the files of the NIH History Office to Dr. Baker’s meticulous writings relating to the Virus Cancer Program. The first set of writings was a series of oral interviews which he conducted in 1995 with persons who were involved prominently in the Virus Cancer Program.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2004 Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal Address Delivered by Award Recipient William S
    2004 Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal Address Delivered by Award Recipient William S. Jordan, Jr., M.D. With a Tribute by John R. LaMontagne, Ph.D. May 25, 2004 Arlington, Virginia INTRODUCTION by H.R. Shepherd, D.Sc. Chairman, The Albert B. Sabin Vaccine Institute he Sabin Vaccine Institute pursues Dr. Albert B. Sabin’s vision of a T world protected from disease by vaccines. The annual awarding of the Sabin Gold Medal has always been among our most meaningful traditions. The 2004 award was presented in May to an icon in vaccine research, William S. Jordan, Jr., M.D., at a ceremony in Arlington, Virginia, during the 7th Annual Conference on Vaccine Research, co-organized by the Sabin Vaccine Institute. The positive impact of vaccines on the health and well being of humanity continues to be a marvel of our modern world. Vaccine improvements, new vaccines, and vaccines in the pipeline represent an advancing field of science that brings untold preventive benefit to millions around the world. Along with his career in vaccine research, Dr. Jordan has engaged in compiling the record of scientific advancements in the field. His name is synonymous with both vaccine research and the compendium—The Jordan Report—that for 25 years has been a repository for advances in the vaccine field. The Sabin Gold Medal Advisory Committee, chaired by Maj. Gen. Philip K. Russell, M.D. (USA Ret.), selected Dr. Jordan for this honor after canvassing 300 members of the scientific community. We are pleased to recognize Dr. Jordan with this honor, noting his exemplary contributions in the vaccine field and commitment to lifesaving medical discoveries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Discomfort of Evening
    MARIEKE LUCAS RIJNEVELD The Discomfort of Evening Translated by Michele Hutchison Restlessness gives wings to the imagination. MAURICE GILLIAMS It is written, ‘I am making all things new!’ But the chords are a clothesline of grief, Razor-sharp gusts snap the faith Of he who would flee this cruel start. Ice rain beats blossom to a glassy pulp, A cur shakes his pelt bone-dry in the violence. from THE COLLECTED POEMS OF JAN WOLKERS (2008) Contents Title Page Epigraph PART I 1 2 3 4 PART II 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 PART III 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 About the Author Copyright PART I 1 I was ten and stopped taking off my coat. That morning, Mum had covered us one by one in udder ointment to protect us from the cold. It came out of a yellow Bogena tin and was normally used to prevent dairy cows’ teats from getting cracks, calluses and cauliflower-like lumps. The tin’s lid was so greasy you could only screw it off with a tea-towel. It smelled of stewed udder, the thick slices I’d sometimes find cooking in a pan of stock on our stove, sprinkled with salt and pepper. They filled me with horror, just like the reeking ointment on my skin. Mum pressed her fat fingers into our faces like the round cheeses she patted to check whether the rind was ripening. Our pale cheeks shone in the light of the kitchen bulb, which was encrusted with fly shit.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Purcell: Okay
    Office of NIH History Oral History Interview with Dr. Robert H. Purcell (NIAID, LID) Conducted on December 7, 2005, by Dr. Lisa K. Walker At the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Abstract: Dr. Purcell describes his education and training, his early career in the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, and his work since he has headed LID studies of hepatitis viruses. He describes how the LID broadened its work, from a focus on viruses causing respiratory diseases through the early 1960s, to include hepatitis as well as gastroenteritis viruses. He also discusses internal collaborations at NIH and extramural collaborations, and many of the chance findings and coincidences that helped to further study of hepatitis and control of infection. Dr. Purcell also comments on how advances in technology and instrumentation have influenced the study of hepatitis viruses. Lisa Walker: I would like to start out by hearing a little bit about your growing up, and your family and your decisions as you entered university and training in chemistry to begin with. Robert Purcell: Okay. I was born in Iowa and moved to Texas when I was six months old, and spent my first nine years in Dallas, Texas. Then my family moved to rural Oklahoma, and that’s where I lived until I finished college and then went off to medical school. I guess I developed an interest in science from my brother, who was in college and was taking science courses, [and] who would come home with interesting little tidbits about things, and that really kind of excited me. The school I went to, since it was in rural Oklahoma, actually was a minimal school.
    [Show full text]
  • November 3, 1998, NIH Record, Vol. L, No. 22
    R E C 0 R Still The Second Best Thing About Payday Budding Young Scientists Aim HI H.t: 1 G H Life, Death and Everything in Between For the Stars Research Festival 12 a Big Draw By Kimberly C. Mitchell Ever heard a 10-year-old kid describe the Research Festival t was as if some giant had grabbed the NIH campus by the mechanics of jet propulsion? Or the Packs 'em In corner up near the firehouse on Old Georgetown Rd. and tilted principles behind refracted light? That's Iit so that everything slid helplessly toward the Natcher Bldg. what some Now THAT's a Oct. 6-9 as the twelfth version of Research Festival (originally youngsters Budget! only a daylong event) drew many can do after hundreds of NIH'ers to a ravishing feast spending 6 of intramural science. For a 3-day months in stretch, Natcher and its environs were to Eleven Elevate to science what Bethesda is to restaurants­ the AAAS Fellowhood Adventure a teeming smorgasbord of tasty possibili­ in Science ties. (AIS) It became almost comical, after a day or program. Get Ready for two, to see literally hundreds of pre-, Quality of Work . .... From post- and postpostdocs fleeing the , Life Week Dr. Rebecca Hackett helps a October to crowded morning plenary sessions for student prepare to measure March of one of dozens of workshops held in NASA Administrator the uptake of water and each year, various nooks and warrens within the nutrients through the root Daniel Goldin opens sprawling Natcher complex. All adopted these young session on origins of /ife.
    [Show full text]
  • COLLEGE of LETTERS and SCIENCE ALUMNI: KNOWLEDGE in ACTION COLLEGE of LETTERS and SCIENCE Dear Friends and Colleagues, Dean, Nicol C
    THE COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE • MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY • 2016-2017 • VOLUME 13 COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE ALUMNI: KNOWLEDGE IN ACTION COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE Dear friends and colleagues, Dean, Nicol C. Rae Associate Dean, David Cherry In 2016, Montana State University Associate Dean, Bridget Kevane celebrated and honored the legacy of Director of Finance and Administration, Mindy Brown Assistant to the Dean, Sarah Miller Maurice Hilleman, the College of Letters Administrative and Student Support Coordinator, and Science’s—and arguably MSU’s— Nicol Rae. Jennifer Storment most world-changing alumnus. Communications Director, Jody Sanford Advising Coordinator, Erica Dungan Hillman graduated from MSU in 1941 with degrees in chemistry and Accounting Operations Manager, Cassandra Balent microbiology. He pursued a career as a microbiologist, specializing in vaccinology Information Technology Director, Michael Wright and developing over 40 vaccines, an unparalleled record of productivity. Of the COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE 14 vaccines routinely recommended in current vaccine schedules, he developed ADVISORY COUNCIL eight: those for measles, mumps, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chickenpox, meningitis, Michael Beehler Betsy Quammen pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. He also played a role in the Julianne Bye Peter Roos discovery of the cold-producing adenoviruses, the hepatitis viruses and the cancer- Ingrid Degreef Peter Sadowski Marshall Gingery Bradley Snow causing virus SV40. He is credited with saving more lives than any other medical Ariana Paliobagis Gary Stoner scientist of the 20th century. Gary Popiel William Yellowtail Jr. In April of this year, MSU held the Maurice Hilleman Vaccine Symposium, DEPARTMENTS AND DEPARTMENT HEADS featuring some of the nation’s most noted experts in vaccine.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room L235, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
    GENE SILENCING BY DOUBLE STRANDED RNA Nobel Lecture, December 8, 2006 by Andrew Z. Fire Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room L235, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA. I would like to thank the Nobel Assembly of the Karolinska Institutet for the opportunity to describe some recent work on RNA-triggered gene silencing. First a few disclaimers, however. Telling the full story of gene silencing would be a mammoth enterprise that would take me many years to write and would take you well into the night to read. So we’ll need to abbreviate the story more than a little. Second (and as you will see) we are only in the dawn of our knowledge; so consider the following to be primer... the best we could do as of December 8th, 2006. And third, please understand that the story that I am telling represents the work of several generations of biologists, chemists, and many shades in between. I’m pleased and proud that work from my labo- ratory has contributed to the field, and that this has led to my being chosen as one of the messengers to relay the story in this forum. At the same time, I hope that there will be no confusion of equating our modest contributions with those of the much grander RNAi enterprise. DOUBLE STRANDED RNA AS A BIOLOGICAL ALARM SIGNAL These disclaimers in hand, the story can now start with a biography of the first main character. Double stranded RNA is probably as old (or almost as old) as life on earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Drugs That Changed the World
    Drugs That Changed the World Drugs That Changed the World How Therapeutic Agents Shaped Our Lives Irwin W. Sherman CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper Version Date: 20160922 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-9649-1 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal respon- sibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not neces- sarily reflect the views/opinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilizing any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Detki V Kletke: the Childlike Aesthetic in Soviet Children's Literature and Unofficial Poetry
    Detki v kletke: The Childlike Aesthetic in Soviet Children's Literature and Unofficial Poetry The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Morse, Ainsley. 2016. Detki v kletke: The Childlike Aesthetic in Soviet Children's Literature and Unofficial Poetry. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493521 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Detki v kletke: The Childlike Aesthetic in Soviet Children’s Literature and Unofficial Poetry A dissertation presented by Ainsley Elizabeth Morse to The Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Slavic Languages and Literatures Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts April 2016 © 2016 – Ainsley Elizabeth Morse. All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Stephanie Sandler Ainsley Elizabeth Morse Detki v kletke: The Childlike Aesthetic in Soviet Children’s Literature and Unofficial Poetry Abstract Since its inception in 1918, Soviet children’s literature was acclaimed as innovative and exciting, often in contrast to other official Soviet literary production. Indeed, avant-garde artists worked in this genre for the entire Soviet period, although they had fallen out of official favor by the 1930s. This dissertation explores the relationship between the childlike aesthetic as expressed in Soviet children’s literature, the early Russian avant-garde and later post-war unofficial poetry.
    [Show full text]
  • Van Gogh Museum Journal 2002
    Van Gogh Museum Journal 2002 bron Van Gogh Museum Journal 2002. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam 2002 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_van012200201_01/colofon.php © 2012 dbnl / Rijksmuseum Vincent Van Gogh 7 Director's foreword In 2003 the Van Gogh Museum will have been in existence for 30 years. Our museum is thus still a relative newcomer on the international scene. Nonetheless, in this fairly short period, the Van Gogh Museum has established itself as one of the liveliest institutions of its kind, with a growing reputation for its collections, exhibitions and research programmes. The past year has been marked by particular success: the Van Gogh and Gauguin exhibition attracted record numbers of visitors to its Amsterdam venue. And in this Journal we publish our latest acquisitions, including Manet's The jetty at Boulogne-sur-mer, the first important work by this artist to enter any Dutch public collection. By a happy coincidence, our 30th anniversary coincides with the 150th of the birth of Vincent van Gogh. As we approach this milestone it seemed to us a good moment to reflect on the current state of Van Gogh studies. For this issue of the Journal we asked a number of experts to look back on the most significant developments in Van Gogh research since the last major anniversary in 1990, the centenary of the artist's death. Our authors were asked to filter a mass of published material in differing areas, from exhibition publications to writings about fakes and forgeries. To complement this, we also invited a number of specialists to write a short piece on one picture from our collection, an exercise that is intended to evoke the variety and resourcefulness of current writing on Van Gogh.
    [Show full text]
  • Saint Vincent De Paul and Money
    Vincentian Heritage Journal Volume 26 Issue 1 Volume 23-25.2, 26.1 Article 7 Fall 2005 Saint Vincent de Paul and Money John E. Rybolt C.M., Ph.D. Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vhj Recommended Citation Rybolt, John E. C.M., Ph.D. (2005) "Saint Vincent de Paul and Money," Vincentian Heritage Journal: Vol. 26 : Iss. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vhj/vol26/iss1/7 This Articles is brought to you for free and open access by the Vincentian Journals and Publications at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vincentian Heritage Journal by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 81 Saint Vincent de Paul and Money B JOHN E. RYBOLT, C.M., PH.D. John E. Rybolt, C.M., Ph.D. Courtesy of The Hay-Vincentian Leadership Project 82 83 In the courtyard of the Vincentian motherhouse in Paris, standing above the main entry, is one of my favorite statues of Vincent de Paul. We see him there life-sized, gazing on those who enter, with his arms down and his large hands open but empty. This gesture is obscure and rare in religious art. One example is above the entry of the cathedral of Autun, a sculpture of Jesus the judge in the same attitude. Perhaps it is a gesture of welcome, Jesus welcoming the visitor to his house, to heaven. But I like to think of Vincent's gesture as having financial implications. There he is, son of landowning peasants and lord (sieur) of Saint-Lazare, through whom millions of livres' passed for the service of the needy, with none of it sticking to his hands.
    [Show full text]
  • WAGENINGENWORLD MAGAZINE of WAGENINGEN UR ABOUT CONTRIBUTING to the QUALITY of LIFE No.2 2016
    WAGENINGENWORLD MAGAZINE OF WAGENINGEN UR ABOUT CONTRIBUTING TO THE QUALITY OF LIFE no.2 2016 ‘Where all that plastic goes to is a great mystery’ Jan Andries van Franeker, page 10 Exotic species: problematic? | Getting wise to big data | Sustainable choices by consumers Taming viruses | Agricultural education in Afghanistan | Outstanding alumnus Niels Louwaars CONTENTS 10 WHERE IS ALL OUR PLASTIC? We know more and more about how plastic waste gets into the environment. Yet we still don’t know where the bulk of it goes. ‘Just because you can’t see it, it doesn’t mean it’s gone.’ 01000011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 01000011 011101100100 01101111 0011 01101111 01101110 01101110 01110110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 01000011 011101100100 01101111 0011 01101111 01101110 01101110 01110110 01000011 011101100100 01101111 0011 01101111 26 01101110 01101110 01110110 011101100100 0011 01101111 GETTING WISE TO BIG DATA 01101110 011101100100 New insights and knowledge are hidden inside the world’s 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 fast-growing mountain of digital data. To uncover them, 0011 01101111 01101110 we need computing power. ‘In ten years’ time, 80 percent of 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 research will be based on the analysis of datasets.’ 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 3401110110 UNDESIRABLE ALIENS There are more than 400 exotic species in the Netherlands, from old friends such as the muskrat to newcomers such as the western conifer seed bug. Steps are taken to control some species but not others.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jordan Report 20Th Anniversary: Accelerated Development Of
    USA ES IC V R E S N A M U H & D H H E T P L A A R E T H M F F E N O T Accelerated Development of Vaccines Preface In 1982, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Dis­ Along with these technological advances, there has been a eases (NIAID) established the Program for the Accelerated heightened awareness of the importance of vaccines for global Development of Vaccines. For 20 years, this program has helped health and security. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome stimulate the energy, intellect, and ability of scientists in micro­ (AIDS), malaria, and tuberculosis have demonstrated to the biology, immunology, and infectious diseases. Vaccine research world the importance of public health in economic development. has certainly benefited. The status report reflecting this Most recently, the threat of bioterrorism has reminded many progress in vaccine research has come to be known as the Jor­ Americans of the value of vaccines as public health tools. dan Report in recognition of Dr. William Jordan, past director of NIAID’s Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Articles by outside experts in this edition highlight many of the (DMID) and the program’s earliest advocate. scientific advances, challenges, and issues of vaccine research during these two decades. As we look to the decade ahead, the This anniversary edition of the Jordan Report summarizes 20 payoffs from basic research will continue to invigorate vaccine years of achievements in vaccine research driven by the explo­ development, but economic, risk communication, and safety sive technological advances in genomics, immunology, and challenges are likely to influence the licensing of new vaccines.
    [Show full text]