WAGENINGENWORLD MAGAZINE of WAGENINGEN UR ABOUT CONTRIBUTING to the QUALITY of LIFE No.2 2016
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WAGENINGENWORLD MAGAZINE OF WAGENINGEN UR ABOUT CONTRIBUTING TO THE QUALITY OF LIFE no.2 2016 ‘Where all that plastic goes to is a great mystery’ Jan Andries van Franeker, page 10 Exotic species: problematic? | Getting wise to big data | Sustainable choices by consumers Taming viruses | Agricultural education in Afghanistan | Outstanding alumnus Niels Louwaars CONTENTS 10 WHERE IS ALL OUR PLASTIC? We know more and more about how plastic waste gets into the environment. Yet we still don’t know where the bulk of it goes. ‘Just because you can’t see it, it doesn’t mean it’s gone.’ 01000011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 01000011 011101100100 01101111 0011 01101111 01101110 01101110 01110110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 01000011 011101100100 01101111 0011 01101111 01101110 01101110 01110110 01000011 011101100100 01101111 0011 01101111 26 01101110 01101110 01110110 011101100100 0011 01101111 GETTING WISE TO BIG DATA 01101110 011101100100 New insights and knowledge are hidden inside the world’s 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 fast-growing mountain of digital data. To uncover them, 0011 01101111 01101110 we need computing power. ‘In ten years’ time, 80 percent of 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 research will be based on the analysis of datasets.’ 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 011101100100 0011 01101111 01101110 3401110110 UNDESIRABLE ALIENS There are more than 400 exotic species in the Netherlands, from old friends such as the muskrat to newcomers such as the western conifer seed bug. Steps are taken to control some species but not others. That decision is supported by research. COLOPHON Wageningen World is the quarterly magazine for associates and alumni of Wageningen UR (University and Research centre) and members of KLV, the Wageningen Alumni Network. A PDF version of the magazine can be found at www.wageningenUR.nl/en/wageningen-world Publisher Wageningen UR, Marc Lamers Editorial Board Hans Bothe, Yvonne Fernhout, Ben Geerlings, Bert Jansen, Jeanette Leenders, Jac Niessen, Irene Salverda, Erik Toussaint, Delia de Vreeze Editor-in-chief Pauline Greuell (Corporate Communications Wageningen UR) and Edwin van Laar (Editor-in-chief Resource, Wageningen UR) Magazine editor Miranda Bettonville Copy editor Rik Nijland Alumni news Yvonne de Hilster Translators Clare McGregor, Clare Wilkinson Art direction and design gloedcommunicatie, Nijmegen Cover picture Alamy Overall design Hemels Publishers Printer Tuijtel Hardinxveld-Giessendam ISSN 2210-9928 Address Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, PO Box 409, 6700 HB, Wageningen, telephone +31 317 48 40 20, [email protected] Change of address alumni [email protected] Change of address associates [email protected], mentioning code on adress label Change of career details [email protected] The mission of Wageningen UR (University & Research centre) is ‘to explore the potential of nature to improve the quality of life’. Wageningen UR includes nine specialist applied research institutes and Wageningen University. These institutions have joined forces to contribute to finding answers to crucial questions related to healthy food and a sustainable living environment. Wageningen UR has a staff of 6,500, 10,000 students, 35,000 alumni and 40 sites, with a turnover of 662 million euros. Institutes of Wageningen UR: Alterra, LEI, Plant Research International, Applied Plant Research, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, IMARES and RIKILT. 2 WAGENINGENWORLD EDITORIAL 4 UPDATE PHOTO GUY ACKERMANS News in brief about research and developments at Wageningen UR 16 SUSTAINABLE CHOICES In spite of good intentions, the Dutch don’t tend to Holistic food policy choose sustainable products in the supermarket. ‘To be properly prepared for the many challenges ahead ‘You go to the supermarket to do your shopping, related to sustainable food, the Netherlands needs to make not to save the world. Negative logos could help.’ a transition from agricultural policy to food policy. That re- quires a systems approach with attention to the entire value 20 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN AFGHANISTAN chain from production to the consumer, as well as to biodi- In five years and with support from Wageningen, versity, climate, animal welfare, food safety, health, pover- a college of agriculture has been established in ty, trade, identity and participation. This holistic approach Kabul, Afghanistan. ‘Good training has a lasting sounds appealing but it still has to be translated into a new impact on agriculture.’ form of governance. At the moment policy is dispersed over several different ministries. And an integral food 24 TAMING VIRUSES policy is impossible without regional government bodies, Viruses are cunning pathogens, but virologists are civil society organizations, ordinary citizens and companies. now using smart tricks to make viruses do their A lot of thought is being given to innovative ways of devel- bidding. To produce vaccines for example. oping food policy, both within and outside the EU. Several Dutch political parties argue for a ministry of Food. 44 OUTSTANDING ALUMNUS AWARD Personally, however, I don’t think a new ministry is the Niels Louwaars received the Outstanding Alumnus best approach to arriving at an integral food policy. Award from University Fund Wageningen. He is a Departmental reorganization always leads to political role model for professionals and researchers in the wrangling or a preoccupation with internal ‘nonsense’ in seed sector. ‘New methods are subject to close the civil service. Each reorganization cuts through existing political scrutiny.’ linkages again. And there is a risk that in a large new ministry sustainability issues will get snowed under because of a lack of checks and balances. FEATURES So it would be sensible to explore other options too. Such as appointing a programme minister for food, without a ministry. Such a minister would approach negotiations in 40 LIFE AFTER WAGENINGEN Brussels differently to a minister who is primarily defending Both alumni did the Applied Communication the interests of the agriculture sector. Experience suggests, Science Master’s, still new back in 2004. Now however, that in government circles in the Hague such Mirjam Wagteveld manages the communication for ministers don’t achieve much. a major nature project at WNF. Kirsten van Gorkum So I think it’s an illusion to think you can design a simple helps gas and electricity network operator Enexis governance model for holistic food policy. I would prefer formulate strategies for the future. to see a network organization – a kind of governance bypass that works around the ministries – such as the one 46 ALUMNI set up to run the Delta programme. That kind of network News for alumni of Wageningen University organization has to bring together the ambitions and visions of various stakeholders working on food, make 48 PERSONALIA discussion of conflicts about values possible, stimulate Information about the lives and fortunes of alumni innovative collaboration and develop long-term strategies. of Wageningen University. To do that it needs a firm political, legal and financial insti- tutional base. Otherwise it will be all words and no action.’ 50 KLV Announcements from the KLV Wageningen Alumni Katrien Termeer, professor of Public Administration and Policy Network WAGENINGENWORLD 3 ECOLOGY FOOD WASTE Large bees shrink The females of large bee species in the Tasty cake from Netherlands have shrunk over the past century. Between 1900 and 2010, the females of large bees such as the buff- unsold bread tailed bumblebee became 6.5 percent smaller, the females of smaller species Unsold bread returned to the factory from the supermarket can be used 0.5 percent. The males are not shrinking. to make new products such as typical Dutch ‘breakfast cake’ or cookies. These are the findings of ecologists David Kleijn and Jeroen Scheper This was discovered in an innovation replaces the sugar in the original recipe. to gether with two Brazilian colleagues. project involving Wageningen UR Food & The cookies and breakfast cake made of The findings are based on measure- Biobased Research, the European Bakery unsold bread are a hit with consumers, and ments of 18 species in the collections Innovation Centre and a Dutch sustainable the fact that they are made with leftover at Naturalis in Leiden. food alliance, the Alliantie Verduurzaming bread adds to the appeal of the product. The ecologists do not yet have an expla- Voedsel. Every year, tens of millions of stale The study is part of a multi-annual public- nation for the species- and sex-specific loaves are recycled in the Netherlands and private collaboration aiming at reducing shrinkage. One possibility is the re- used for cheaper products such as bread- food waste through awareness-raising, duced availability of food. Females have crumbs and animal feed. collaboration and innovation in the sup- the biggest need for nectar and pollen In the interests of sustainability it is a ply chain. For example, a survey should because they also have to provide for good idea to prevent bread being left over provide insight into the role of packaging their numerous offspring. ‘Needing less and to develop more lucrative uses for in waste: do consumers