ABALONES, SHELLS, and SEA OTTERS: DYNAMICS of PREY POPULATIONS in CENTRAL Californial
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Petition to Protect the Pinto Abalone
BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE PETITION TO LIST THE PINTO ABALONE (HALIOTIS KAMTSCHATKANA) UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Center for Biological Diversity August 1, 2013 NOTICE OF PETITION Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave, NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Samuel Rauch Assistant Administrator for Fisheries National Marine Fisheries Service 1315 East West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 Ph: (301) 427-8000 Email: [email protected] PETITIONER The Center for Biological Diversity PO Box 100599 Anchorage, AK 99510-0599 Ph: (907) 793-8691 Date: August 1, 2013 Kiersten Lippmann Center for Biological Diversity Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b), Section 553(3) of the Administrative Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C. § 533(e), and 50 C.F.R. § 424.14(a), the Center for Biological Diversity (“Petitioner”) hereby petitions the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”), through the National Marine Fisheries Service (“NMFS” or “NOAA Fisheries”), to list the pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a threatened or endangered species and to designate critical habitat to ensure its survival and recovery. The Center for Biological Diversity (Center) is a non-profit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of native species and their habitats through science, policy, and environmental law. The Center has nearly 475,000 members and online activists in Alaska, throughout the United States and internationally. The Center and its members are concerned with the conservation of endangered species and the effective implementation of the ESA. -
Os Nomes Galegos Dos Moluscos
A Chave Os nomes galegos dos moluscos 2017 Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (2017): Nomes galegos dos moluscos recomendados pola Chave. http://www.achave.gal/wp-content/uploads/achave_osnomesgalegosdos_moluscos.pdf 1 Notas introdutorias O que contén este documento Neste documento fornécense denominacións para as especies de moluscos galegos (e) ou europeos, e tamén para algunhas das especies exóticas máis coñecidas (xeralmente no ámbito divulgativo, por causa do seu interese científico ou económico, ou por seren moi comúns noutras áreas xeográficas). En total, achéganse nomes galegos para 534 especies de moluscos. A estrutura En primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonómica que considera as clases, ordes, superfamilias e familias de moluscos. Aquí apúntase, de maneira xeral, os nomes dos moluscos que hai en cada familia. A seguir vén o corpo do documento, onde se indica, especie por especie, alén do nome científico, os nomes galegos e ingleses de cada molusco (nalgún caso, tamén, o nome xenérico para un grupo deles). Ao final inclúese unha listaxe de referencias bibliográficas que foron utilizadas para a elaboración do presente documento. Nalgunhas desas referencias recolléronse ou propuxéronse nomes galegos para os moluscos, quer xenéricos quer específicos. Outras referencias achegan nomes para os moluscos noutras linguas, que tamén foron tidos en conta. Alén diso, inclúense algunhas fontes básicas a respecto da metodoloxía e dos criterios terminolóxicos empregados. 2 Tratamento terminolóxico De modo moi resumido, traballouse nas seguintes liñas e cos seguintes criterios: En primeiro lugar, aprofundouse no acervo lingüístico galego. A respecto dos nomes dos moluscos, a lingua galega é riquísima e dispomos dunha chea de nomes, tanto específicos (que designan un único animal) como xenéricos (que designan varios animais parecidos). -
Tracking Larval, Newly Settled, and Juvenile Red Abalone (Haliotis Rufescens ) Recruitment in Northern California
Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 35, No. 3, 601–609, 2016. TRACKING LARVAL, NEWLY SETTLED, AND JUVENILE RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS ) RECRUITMENT IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA LAURA ROGERS-BENNETT,1,2* RICHARD F. DONDANVILLE,1 CYNTHIA A. CATTON,2 CHRISTINA I. JUHASZ,2 TOYOMITSU HORII3 AND MASAMI HAMAGUCHI4 1Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, PO Box 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923; 2California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bodega Bay, CA 94923; 3Stock Enhancement and Aquaculture Division, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA 3-27-5 Shinhamacho, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-000, Japan; 4National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Agency of Japan 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan ABSTRACT Recruitment is a central question in both ecology and fisheries biology. Little is known however about early life history stages, such as the larval and newly settled stages of marine invertebrates. No one has captured wild larval or newly settled red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) in California even though this species supports a recreational fishery. A sampling program has been developed to capture larval (290 mm), newly settled (290–2,000 mm), and juvenile (2–20 mm) red abalone in northern California from 2007 to 2015. Plankton nets were used to capture larval abalone using depth integrated tows in nearshore rocky habitats. Newly settled abalone were collected on cobbles covered in crustose coralline algae. Larval and newly settled abalone were identified to species using shell morphology confirmed with genetic techniques using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism with two restriction enzymes. Artificial reefs were constructed of cinder blocks and sampled each year for the presence of juvenile red abalone. -
Enhancement of Red Abalone Haliotis Rufescens Stocks at San Miguel Island: Reassessing a Success Story
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 202: 303–308, 2000 Published August 28 Mar Ecol Prog Ser NOTE Enhancement of red abalone Haliotis rufescens stocks at San Miguel Island: reassessing a success story Ronald S. Burton1,*, Mia J. Tegner 2 1Marine Biology Research Division and 2 Marine Life Research Group, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, USA ABSTRACT: Outplanting of hatchery-reared juvenile abalone quences of such practices? How can the success of has received much attention as a strategy for enhancement of costly outplants be assessed? Such questions point to depleted natural stocks. Most outplants attempted to date conflicting needs regarding the genetic composition of appear to have been unsuccessful. However, based on genetic analyses of a population sample taken in 1992, it has outplanted organisms. Where large numbers of organ- recently been suggested that a 1979 outplanting of red isms are artificially released into a depleted popula- abalone Haliotis rufescens, on the south side of San Miguel tion, substantial changes in the genetic composition of Island (California, USA), was successful and probably sus- natural populations may occur (e.g., Tringali & Bert tained the fishery there through the 1980s. We resampled the San Miguel population in 1999 and found no genetic signa- 1998, Utter 1998). A variety of scenarios suggest that ture of the outplants. Allelic frequencies in our 1999 sample wholesale changes in genetic composition of natural closely resemble those observed in a pre-outplant 1979 south- populations may be undesirable at best and potentially ern California sample and two 1999 northern California pop- disastrous. -
Status Review of the Pinto Abalone - Decision
Status Review of the Pinto Abalone - Decision TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Summary Sheet ............................................................................................................. 1 of 42 CR-102 ......................................................................................................................... 3 of 42 WAC 220-330-090 Crawfish, ((abalone,)) sea urchins, sea cucumbers, goose barnacles—Areas and seasons, personal-use fishery ........................................ 6 of 42 WAC 220-320-010 Shellfish—Classification .................................................................. 7 of 42 WAC 220-610-010 Wildlife classified as endangered species ....................................... 9 of 42 Status Report for the Pinto Abalone in Washington .................................................... 10 of 42 Summary Sheet Meeting dates: May 31, 2019 Agenda item: Status Review of the Pinto Abalone (Decision) Presenter(s): Chris Eardley, Puget Sound Shellfish Policy Coordinator Henry Carson, Fish & Wildlife Research Scientist Background summary: Pinto abalone are iconic marine snails prized as food and for their beautiful shells. Initially a state recreational fishery started in 1959; the pinto abalone fishery closed in 1994 due to signs of overharvest. Populations have continued to decline since the closure, most likely due to illegal harvest and densities too low for reproduction to occur. Populations at monitoring sites declined 97% from 1992 – 2017. These ten sites originally held 359 individuals and now hold 12. The average size of the remnant individuals continues to increase and wild juveniles have not been sighted in ten years, indicating an aging population with little reproduction in the wild. The species is under active restoration by the department and its partners to prevent local extinction. Since 2009 we have placed over 15,000 hatchery-raised juvenile abalone on sites in the San Juan Islands. Federal listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) was evaluated in 2014 but retained the “species of concern” designation only. -
Growth Inhibition of Red Abalone (Haliotis Rufescens) Infested with an Endolithic Sponge (Cliona Sp.)
GROWTH INHIBITION OF RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS) INFESTED WITH AN ENDOLITHIC SPONGE (CLIONA SP.) By Kirby Gonzalo Morejohn A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Natural Resources: Biology May, 2012 GROWTH INHIBITION OF RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS) INFESTED WITH AN ENDOLITHIC SPONGE (CLIONA SP.) HUMBOLDT STATE UNIVERSITY By Kirby Gonzalo Morejohn We certify that we have read this study and that it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully acceptable, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Sean Craig, Major Professor Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Tim Mulligan, Committee Member Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Frank Shaughnessy, Committee Member Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Laura Rogers-Bennett, Committee Member Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Michael Mesler, Graduate Coordinator Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Jená Burges, Vice Provost Date ii ABSTRACT Understanding the effects of biotic and abiotic pressures on commercially important marine species is crucial to their successful management. The red abalone (Haliotis rufescensis) is a commercially -
OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber ......................................................................... -
Fish Bulletin 161. California Marine Fish Landings for 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California
UC San Diego Fish Bulletin Title Fish Bulletin 161. California Marine Fish Landings For 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93g734v0 Authors Pinkas, Leo Gates, Doyle E Frey, Herbert W Publication Date 1974 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME FISH BULLETIN 161 California Marine Fish Landings For 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California By Leo Pinkas Marine Resources Region and By Doyle E. Gates and Herbert W. Frey > Marine Resources Region 1974 1 Figure 1. Geographical areas used to summarize California Fisheries statistics. 2 3 1. CALIFORNIA MARINE FISH LANDINGS FOR 1972 LEO PINKAS Marine Resources Region 1.1. INTRODUCTION The protection, propagation, and wise utilization of California's living marine resources (established as common property by statute, Section 1600, Fish and Game Code) is dependent upon the welding of biological, environment- al, economic, and sociological factors. Fundamental to each of these factors, as well as the entire management pro- cess, are harvest records. The California Department of Fish and Game began gathering commercial fisheries land- ing data in 1916. Commercial fish catches were first published in 1929 for the years 1926 and 1927. This report, the 32nd in the landing series, is for the calendar year 1972. It summarizes commercial fishing activities in marine as well as fresh waters and includes the catches of the sportfishing partyboat fleet. Preliminary landing data are published annually in the circular series which also enumerates certain fishery products produced from the catch. -
3 Abalones, Haliotidae
3 Abalones, Haliotidae Red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, clinging to a boulder. Photo credit: D Stein, CDFW. History of the Fishery The nearshore waters of California are home to seven species of abalone, five of which have historically supported commercial or recreational fisheries: red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), pink abalone (H. corrugata), green abalone (H. fulgens), black abalone (H. cracherodii), and white abalone (H. sorenseni). Pinto abalone (H. kamtschatkana) and flat abalone (H. walallensis) occur in numbers too low to support fishing. Dating back to the early 1900s, central and southern California supported commercial fisheries for red, pink, green, black, and white abalone, with red abalone dominating the landings from 1916 through 1943. Landings increased rapidly beginning in the 1940s and began a steady decline in the late 1960s which continued until the 1997 moratorium on all abalone fishing south of San Francisco (Figure 3-1). Fishing depleted the stocks by species and area, with sea otter predation in central California, withering syndrome and pollution adding to the decline. Serial depletion of species (sequential decline in landings) was initially masked in the combined landings data, which suggested a stable fishery until the late 1960s. In fact, declining pink abalone landings were replaced by landings of red abalone and then green abalone, which were then supplemented with white abalone and black abalone landings before the eventual decline of the abalone species complex. Low population numbers and disease triggered the closure of the commercial black abalone fishery in 1993 and was followed by closures of the commercial pink, green, and white abalone fisheries in 1996. -
Intertidal Organisms of Point Reyes National Seashore
Intertidal Organisms of Point Reyes National Seashore PORIFERA: sea sponges. CRUSTACEANS: barnacles, shrimp, crabs, and allies. CNIDERIANS: sea anemones and allies. MOLLUSKS : abalones, limpets, snails, BRYOZOANS: moss animals. clams, nudibranchs, chitons, and octopi. ECHINODERMS: sea stars, sea cucumbers, MARINE WORMS: flatworms, ribbon brittle stars, sea urchins. worms, peanut worms, segmented worms. UROCHORDATES: tunicates. Genus/Species Common Name Porifera Prosuberites spp. Cork sponge Leucosolenia eleanor Calcareous sponge Leucilla nuttingi Little white sponge Aplysilla glacialis Karatose sponge Lissodendoryx spp. Skunk sponge Ophlitaspongia pennata Red star sponge Haliclona spp. Purple haliclona Leuconia heathi Sharp-spined leuconia Cliona celata Yellow-boring sponge Plocarnia karykina Red encrusting sponge Hymeniacidon spp. Yellow nipple sponge Polymastia pachymastia Polymastia Cniderians Tubularia marina Tubularia hydroid Garveia annulata Orange-colored hydroid Ovelia spp. Obelia Sertularia spp. Sertularia Abientinaria greenii Green's bushy hydroid Aglaophenia struthionides Giant ostrich-plume hydroid Aglaophenia latirostris Dainty ostrich-plume hydroid Plumularia spp. Plumularia Pleurobrachia bachei Cat's eye Polyorchis spp. Bell-shaped jellyfish Chrysaora melanaster Striped jellyfish Velella velella By-the-wind-sailor Aurelia auria Moon jelly Epiactus prolifera Proliferating anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica Giant green anemone Anthopleura artemissia Aggregated anemone Anthopleura elegantissima Burrowing anemone Tealia lofotensis -
Karyotype of Pacific Red Abalone Haliotis Rufescens (Archaeogastropoda: Haliotidae) Using Image Analysis
Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 23, No. 1, 205–209, 2004. KARYOTYPE OF PACIFIC RED ABALONE HALIOTIS RUFESCENS (ARCHAEOGASTROPODA: HALIOTIDAE) USING IMAGE ANALYSIS CRISTIAN GALLARDO-ESCÁRATE,1,2 JOSUÉ ÁLVAREZ-BORREGO,2,* MIGUEL ÁNGEL DEL RÍO PORTILLA,1 AND VITALY KOBER3 1Departamento de Acuicultura. División de Oceanología, 2Departamento de Óptica, 3Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, División de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada. Km 107 Carretera Tijuana – Ensenada, Código Postal 22860. Ensenada, B.C. México ABSTRACT This report describes a karyotypic analysis in the Pacific red abalone Haliotis rufescens using image analysis. This is the first karyotype reported for this species. Chromosome number and karyotype are the basic information of a genome and important for ploidy manipulation, genomic analysis, and our understanding about chromosomal evolution. In this study we found that the diploid number of chromosomes in the red abalone was 36. Using image analysis by rank-order and digital morphologic filters, it was possible to determine total length of chromosomes and relative arm length in digitally enhanced image, elimination of noise and improving the contrast for the measurements. The karyotype consisted of eight pairs of metacentric chromosomes, eight pairs of submetacentric, one pair submetacentric/metacentric, and one pair of subtelocentric chromosomes. The black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, also with 36 chromosomes and with a similar geographic distribution, has eight pairs of metacentric, eight pairs of submetacentric, and two pairs subtelocentric. This study contributes with new information about the karyology in the family Haliotidae found in California Coast waters and gives some support the Thetys’ model about biogeographical origin, from the Mediterranean Sea to the East Pacific Ocean. -
The Importance and Persistence of Abalone (Haliotis Spp.) Along the California
The Importance and Persistence of Abalone (Haliotis spp.) along the California Coast Dr. Stevens ENVS 190 Senior Thesis Kalli Fenk Abstract Abalone was once a common sight along the California Coast. Native tribes co-existed with the species for thousands of years. They relied on if for sustenance and they used it for tools, utensils, jewelry, trading, and regalia. In return, they took care of the abalone as if it were one of their own. When colonization devastated Native Californian culture, much of their knowledge disappeared along with the species they cared for. Abalone was highly valuable for its taste and beauty. When commercialization of abalone fisheries began their populations began to decline. Now, they face more obstacles to recovery than ever before. Current abalone stressors include, poaching, low population densities, pollution, and disease. Warming ocean temperatures also subject abalone to sea level rise and ocean acidification. I recommend a combined approach of traditional ecological management and western science be used to provide adaptive management strategies for policy makers and fisheries managers. In preserving these creatures we are inherently preserving cultural heritage and traditions of over 20 tribes in California. Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………….1 Background………………………………………………………………………..2 Biology………………………………………………………………………3 Ecology……………………………………………………………………....4 Native History and Cultural Significance…………………………………...6 20th Century Population Declines…………………………………………..10 Current