Reinas En El Campo De Batalla

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Reinas En El Campo De Batalla Reinas en el campo de batalla Dra. Ana María Vázquez Hoys Dpto. Hª Antigua. UNED. Palma de Mallorca, viernes 9 /5/ 2014,19-21.30 Curso” Las reinas-faraón. Mujeres con poder en el Egipto faraónico” . Les Illes Balears 2.Reinas, diosas y guerreras 1 Reinas, diosas y guerreras. A lo largo deLas la historia reinas, lasen mujeresel campo han de luchado batalla en ejércitos y conducido tropas a la batalla. No sólo eran diosas, seres mitológicos o legendarios, sino mujeres de carne y grueso que dejando atrás los tradicionales roles femeninos de esposas y madres, lucharon al lado de los hombres y contra ellos, guerreras y reinas que condujeron sus tropas a la batalla. Se sabe muy poco acerca de la mayoría de ellas, porque a menudo derrotadas. Y la historia la escriben los vencedores. Los ejemplos que conocemos en Egipto y otras culturas antiguas, los hemos dividido para su estudio en tres grupos: I. Diosas guerreras II. Mujeres guerreras III. Reinas en el campo de batalla Reinas, diosas y guerreras. 2 I. Diosas guerreras. ATENEA, LA DIOSA VIRGEN. Reinas, diosas y guerreras I. Diosas guerreras. ÁRTEMIS, LA DIOSA DE MÚLTIPLES FUNCIONES Reinas, diosas y guerreras I. Diosas guerreras. NEITH DE SAIS La diosa Neith está representada como una mujer con la Corona Roja del Bajo Egipto, con arco y dos flechas, o una lechuza y una lanza o una lanzadera de tejedora. También fue representada como escarabajo, abeja, vaca, pez, con cabeza de leona, y a veces dando de mamar a un cocodrilo. Neit, o Neith, antigua diosa de la guerra y la caza, posteriormente creadora de dioses y hombres, divinidad funeraria, diosa de la sabiduría e inventora en la mitología egipcia. La diosa Neit. Nombre egipcio: Net. Nombre griego: Neit. Diosa Atenea griega. Las reinas- faraón durante el Reino Antiguo y Medio. 5 I. Diosas guerreras Neit, también llamada Tehenut "La Libia", es una antiquísima diosa egipcia cuyo culto proviene del periodo predinástico, en el cual tenía forma de escarabajo, después fue diosa de la guerra y la caza, y diosa inventora.Esposa de Seth y madre de Sobek en el Imperio Antiguo considerada protectora del faraón, e identificada con la abeja. Protege asimismo a Osiris y a Ra con sus flechas que adormecen a los malos espíritus. En el Imperio Nuevo se convierte en la "diosa madre", ser andrógino creador de dioses y hombres, la que engendró el universo a través de siete flechas (o siete palabras, pues también se decía que creaba a través de la palabra) con las que hizo surgir la colina primordial.En el periodo saíta es una diosa nacional y se la proclamará "Madre de todos los dioses". En su aspecto funerario es la diosa protectora de los muertos, la que inventó el tejido (por lo que se convierte en patrona de los tejedores) y ofrece tanto las vendas como el sudario para los difuntos. También era la encargada de reconfortar a las almas, a las que ofrecía pan y agua tras su largo viaje desde el mundo de los vivos. Las reinas- faraón durante el Reino Antiguo y Medio. 6 Reinado c. 2927 a. C. I. Diosas guerreras Entierro Tumba Y, en la necrópolis de Umm el-Qaab, Abidos, Egipto Familia Consorte Dyer Culto La diosa Neit fue venerada en Sais, donde sus sacerdotes eran médicos obstetras, también en Esna, Tanis, Menfis, Prosópolis y El Fayum. Se celebraban fiestas en su honor el día 23 del mes de Tybi y el 11 del mes de Meshir. Net (Neit) en jeroglífico Llevaron su nombre las antiguas reinas: Neit-Hotep, Meryt-Neit, Neit-Ikerty(Nitocris), y Neit , la hija del faraón Pepy I. Las reinas- faraón durante el Reino Antiguo y Medio. 7 I. Diosas guerreras Reinado c. 2927 a. C. Entierro Tumba Y, en la necrópolis de Umm el-Qaab, Abidos, Egipto Familia Neit, Atenea y La Atlántida Consorte Dyer Los griegos, como Herodoto, Platón y Diodoro Siculo, identificaron a la diosa egipcia Neith con Atenea y por lo tanto postularon que la egipcia tenía un vínculo primordial con Atenas. Diodoro relata que Atenea había construido la ciudad egipcia de Sais antes del diluvio que supuestamente destruyó Atenas y Atlantis. Mientras que todas las ciudades griegas fueron destruidas durante el cataclismo, sobrevivieron las ciudades egipcias incluyendo Sais. Diodoro Sículo, Biblioteca histórica Libro V, 57. Las reinas- faraón durante el Reino Antiguo y Medio. 8 I. Diosas guerreras Reinado c. 2927 a. C. Entierro Tumba Y, en la necrópolis de Umm el-Qaab, Abidos, Egipto Familia Consorte Dyer Platón, en Timeo y Critias (h. 395 A.C., 200 años después de la visita por el griego legislador Solón), dice que Sais es la ciudad en que Solón, que visitó Egipto en el año 590 a.C., oyó la historia de un sacerdote egipcio sobre La Atlántida , su agresión militar contra Grecia y Egipto, su eventual derrota y destrucción por la catástrofe natural, la primera.D.I Platón relata asimismo que la ciudad fue el lugar de nacimiento del faraón Amasis II.Plutarco dijo que el Santuario de Atenea, que se identifica con Isis, en Sais llevó la inscripción "Soy todo lo que ha sido, es y será; y mi velo ningún mortal ha levantado hasta ahora. Plutarco, Sobre Isis y Osiris", Cap. 9. Las reinas- faraón durante el Reino Antiguo y Medio. 9 I. Diosas guerreras. ASTARTE SEMITA Astarte era realmente una diosa guerrera de Canaan y Siria. En el panteón egipcio su asociación primera eran los caballos y los carros. En su iconografía su agresión se realiza con los cuernos del toro que ella usa a veces como símbolo de la dominación. En sus patrias de Levante, Astarte era una diosa del campo de batalla. Inanna la diosa guerrera Ella era la esposa del dios Seth, pero también de la tenía una relación con el dios del mar - Yamm. Fuera de Egipto, además de ser una diosa guerrera, Astarte se parece haber tenido cualidades sexuales y de la maternidad. Reinas, diosas y guerreras. 10 I. Diosas guerreras. Inanna sumeria Reinas, diosas y guerreras. 11 Reinas, diosas y guerreras. Las reinas en el campo de batalla II.Mujeres guerreras.1 Las amazonas se acreditan con ayudar a los troyanos contra los griegos en la guerra de Troya. También se dice que han sido las mujeres feroces arqueros que cortaron un pecho para ayudarlos a tiro, pero la evidencia arqueológica reciente sugiere las amazonas eran reales, importantes, de gran alcance, de dos pechos, mujeres guerreras, posiblemente de las estepas. Podían ser mujeres reales? Mujeres guerreras, por Jeannine Davis-Kimball con Mona Behan Reinas, diosas y guerreras. 12 Reinas, diosas y guerreras. II.Mujeres guerreras.2 Las reinas en el campo de batalla Kimball-Davis encontró que las mujeres sacerdotisas escitas, guerreros y mujeres de solera recibieron cargos importantes en túmulos y representados en las pinturas rupestres como sustancialmente más grandes y más poderosas que los hombres. Pero no encontró ninguna evidencia física de una tribu de mujeres guerreras que vivían de forma independiente de los hombres como las amazonas legendarias. http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aaprwarriorwomen.htm Reinas, diosas y guerreras. 13 II.Mujeres guerreras. LAS AMAZONAS Los historiadores dicen que realmente había mujeres guerreras Amazonas, pero ¿qué más se puede decir sobre ellos con certeza?¿Eran las Amazonas las legendarias arqueras con una mastectomía parcial, como el geógrafo griego Estrabón XI, 5, 1 (c. 64 A.C. - después de A.D. 21) dice? ¿O eran una banda ecuestre que odiaban a los hombres del siglo v a.C. como el historiador griego Herodoto describe? Las Amazonas, además, se dice que vivían en las montañas por encima de Albania. Ahora Teófanes, 1 que hicieron la expedición con Pompeyo y estaba en el país de los albaneses, dice que el Gelae y el Legae, escita personas, viven entre las Amazonas y los albaneses, y que el río Mermadalis fluye allí, a mitad de camino entre estas personas y las Amazonas. Pero otros, entre los cuales son Metrodoro de Scepsis e Hypsicrates, que ellos mismos, además, no eran poco familiarizados con la región en cuestión, dice que las Amazonas viven en las fronteras de la Gargarians, en las estribaciones norte de aquellas partes de las montañas caucásicas que se llaman Ceraunios. Reinas, diosas y guerreras. 14 II.Mujeres guerreras.LAS AMAZONAS Las Amazonas pasaban su vidas solitarias, llevando a cabo varias tareas individuales, tales como arado, siembra, pastoreo de ganado y particularmente con los caballos de entrenamiento, aunque las más valientes participaban principalmente en la caza a caballo y practicando ejercicios bélicos; sus pechos se planchaban desde recién nacidas, para usar fácilmente su brazo derecho para cada propósito necesario y especialmente el lanzamiento de la jabalina; que también usan arco y sagaris y protector de ojo y hacen de las pieles de animales salvajes cascos, ropa y cinturones. Durante dos meses en primavera, subían a la montaña vecina que separa a ellos y los Gargarios, que subían allí con ellas a ofrecer sacrificios y a tener relaciones sexuales, para engendrar hijos, en la oscuridad, uniéndose cualquier Gargario al azar con cualquier Amazonas; Reinas, diosas y guerreras. 15 II.Mujeres guerreras.LAS AMAZONAS y después de dejarlas embarazadas las dejan y las hembras que nacen son retenidas por las Amazonas , pero los varones son llevados a los Gargarios a ser criados; y cada Gargario que recibe un niño lo adopta como suyo, debido a la incertidumbre de su nacimiento. Ed. H. L. Jones, la Geografía de Estrabón. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; Londres: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Reinas, diosas y guerreras. 16 II.Mujeres guerreras.
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