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The Heritage off EgyptE

Issue 1 January 2008

From the Editor The Heritage of Egypt

Issue 1 - January 2008 At the beginning, it was water, "The Primeval Ocean", then the land appeared, "The Island of The history, archaeology, and legacy of Egypt Flame", not really the meaning of fire, but the symbol for light, which starts the life out of darkness. From the water, and over the island, rise Editor: “Atum” -The Perfect Being– who created “Shw" and Amgad Refai “Tefnut”, then “Geb” and “Nut”, then the first Gods E-mail: [email protected] who ruled the Universe from Earth before rising Published by: to the stars, leaving the universe for human kings Al-Hadara Publishing ruling. Cairo, Egypt

"Don't be proud of your knowledge, www.alhadara.com Consult the ignorant and the wise, E-mail: [email protected] The limits of art are not reached, Fax: (20 2) 3760 58 98 No artist's skills are perfect, Good speech is more hidden than greenstone, Yet maybe found among maids at the grindstones." © Al-Hadara Publishing from the instructions of Ptah-Hotep.

• The Publisher and the Editor are not Once, it was a thought inside a busy exhausted liable for statements made and opinions mind, then it became reality, words and papers, expressed in this publication. now, it's a Magazine, talking to us about the legacy that this great civilization left, not just stones on our lands, but too many things, inside our minds, life, and souls. Amgad Refai

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in this issue: The Burial of Hatshepsut Dylan Bickerstaffe 2

By the Rivers of ‘Bab-il-On’: Egyptians Present an Intimate Portrait of their Christian Heritage Kelly L. Krause 10

British Museum Flying East Treasures of the World’s Culture: The British Museum Conservation in Egypt after 250 years The emptiness of Old a state of the nation at Hong Kong Kingdom tombs report Museum of Art Wolfram Grajetzki 13 Nigel J. Hetherington16 Ada Cheng 25

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The Burial of Hatshepsut Dylan Bickerstaffe

One of the most popular tourist sites on the were the mortal remains of famous kings and west bank at Luxor in Upper Egypt is the queens from Egypt’s greatest period of power mortuary temple of Queen Hatshepsut with and prestige: the New Kingdom. Amongst the its impressive series of terraces rising against kings found there were both Thutmose II and the cliffs that enclose the great bay of Deir el Thutmose III; earlier kings from the same Bahari. When visiting the monument most (18th) Dynasty such as Ahmose I and tourists are told the tale of how Hatshepsut, Amenhotep I; and monarchs from the daughter of King Thutmose I, was married to following (19th and 20th) dynasties, most the successor (her half-brother) Thutmose II, notably Seti I, Ramesses II, and Ramesses III. and following his death, became regent for the A number of queens from the 18th Dynasty young heir, Menkheperre Thutmose III. The were also present, including Sitkamose, new king was not, however, Hatshepsut’s son. Ahmose Inhapy, Ahmose Henettmehu, and Her union with Thutmose II had produced Ahmose Nefertari, but none identified as only a daughter, Neferure, and Thutmose III’s Hatshepsut. The only thing found in the tomb mother was a lesser wife, Iset. relating to the female king was: Only a little over six years into Thutmose III’s reign Hatshepsut elevated herself to become King Maatkare Khnemetamun-Hatshepsut1 and take effective control as the senior partner in a co-regency. In this she clearly had the support of the priesthood of Amun since her mortuary temple depicts her being conceived by the union of her mother and the god Amun. It was then some fifteen years before Hatshepsut died and Thutmose III was able to take charge as sole ruler. Clearly the young king may have resented being held back for so long but there is no evidence that he had her murdered. It is true that Thutmose did erase Hatshepsut’s name from many monuments, destroy her statues, and wall-up her obelisks, but this appears to have been done towards the end of a long solo reign and so is unlikely to have been revenge against a ‘wicked stepmother’. These few, bare facts are by way of introduction to the real subject of this article, the clues to the burial of Hatshepsut and the identification of her mummy.2 In 1881 Emile Brugsch, assistant curator of the Bulaq Museum, entered a tomb containing one of the most extraordinary finds in Egyptology. Within the rough-hewn passages and burial chamber were a number of elaborate coffins containing members of an ecclesiastical dynasty which had ruled from ancient Thebes (modern Luxor) in the 21st Statue of Hatshepsut “Karnak” Dynasty; but also, to Brugsch’s great surprise,

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‘a small wooden and ivory cabinet, ornamented with both cartouches of Hatasu [Hatshepsut], and containing, strange to say, a desiccated human liver – possibly hers.’3 Whilst the royal cache yielded a remarkable number of famous kings and queens from the New Kingdom, it by no means provided a complete series of monarchs. Indeed, Amelia Edwards was led to speculate that the local Abd er Rassul family – who had plundered the tomb until forced to surrender it to the Service des Antiquities – were responsible for the absences, having sold the mummies of famous New Kingdom royalty to passing tourists: ‘For unfortunately, the modern traveller is not content to collect merely beads and funereal statuettes and such small game. He must bring home an ancient Egyptian in propriá personá…A foreign agent and wine merchant of Cairo assured me, when I returned from the Second Cataract in 1874, that he had that very season already “passed” and shipped no less than eighteen Theban mummies…Amenhotep III artfully stowed away inside a crocodile, or Hatasu [Hatshepsut] rolled up in the folds of a sketching tent may easily have slipped through the Alexandria custom-house…’4 Entrance to KV 4 - photo by (Aidan Dodson) Fortunately Amelia was shown to be wrong when, in 1898, Victor Loret entered the tomb of Amenhotep II Some brief word of explanation is (KV35) and discovered the king in now necessary to account for the his sarcophagus and, in a side room, rather strange circumstance of kings most of the kings missing from the from the New Kingdom era being sequence discovered in the TT320 found cached together in common royal cache. Here, for instance, was tombs. Several royal tombs in the the missing Amenhotep III…but no Valley of the Kings, dating to the 19th mummy identified as Hatshepsut. and 20th Dynasties, had stood open There were, however, three The finds of the tomb since antiquity and, indeed, bore the anonymous mummies – two women graffiti of Greco-Roman tourists and and a boy – in another side-room of the tomb. Coptic hermits upon their decorated walls. The One of the women had long, beautiful brown tombs had clearly been subjected to devastating hair and was laid with her right arm straight robbery in the distant past, and the mummies by her side and the left hand raised to sit of their owners were assumed to have been clenched upon her chest. This pose was destroyed. Further tombs were discovered in supposed to be that of a queen regnant and for the modern era: Amenhotep III (WV22), by a a while this mummy was proposed as son of Sheikh Mamam in the 1770s,8 followed 5 Hatshepsut. Later the mummy was rather by Jollois and de Villiers in 1799; Ay (WV23), 6 confidently identified with Queen Tiye, wife Unfinished containing a cache of mummies of Amenhotep III and mother of Akhenaten, (WV25), Montuherkhopshef (KV19), but the evidence for this is now strongly Anonymous with two female mummies (KV21), 7 disputed. Ramesses I (KV16), and Seti I (KV17), all discovered by Giovanni Battista Belzoni in

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1816-17. Significantly, no intact royal burials mother Queen Ahmose; as well as fragments were discovered. The few mummies found by of wooden ‘Ka’ statues. The walls in the lower Belzoni within these tombs had either suffered part of the tomb were of soft shale and so extensive robbery or were ‘intrusive’ burials, Hatshepsut’s funerary texts had been applied inserted into the tomb in a later era. In 1898 instead to limestone slabs. Two quartz Loret added the tombs of Thutmose III (KV34), sarcophagi lay within the burial chamber, the and Amenhotep II (KV35) from the 18th largest being the final one made for King Dynasty to the list of those known in the King’s Hatshepsut, and the other – made earlier in Valley. Both of these had suffered extensive her reign – adapted to house her father, robbery, and whilst KV35 had been used to Thutmose I.11 rebury its owner Amenhotep II along with a Because he had discovered a foundation cache of nine other New Kingdom rulers, KV34 deposit with items naming Hatshepsut outside had remained open to receive the burial of two the tomb – and KV20 actually lies directly ladies in the Ptolemaic period. behind her mortuary temple at Deir el Bahari It became clear from examination of the – Carter believed the tomb had been cut by coffins and wrappings of the royal mummies, Hatshepsut who had transferred the burial of that their tombs had been extensively robbed Thutmose I from his own tomb (KV38) to join during the disorder that accompanied the end her in KV20. However, John Romer suggested of the New Kingdom, rather that KV20 was and that in the the original tomb of following 21st Dynasty Thutmose I to which the priesthood of Amun Hatshepsut had added had recovered the the large, rectangular bodies from the burial chamber wreckage of the tombs, intended to house both rewrapped and their burials.12 In recoffined them, before support of this is the placing them in the two fact that the caches within TT320 sarcophagus of and KV35. Thutmose I found in KV38 appears to have It appears likely that been made by his Hatshepsut’s tomb grandson, Thutmose (KV20) was amongst III. Both sarcophagus those which had stood and burial chamber are open since antiquity – of the cartouche-shape its presence being adopted by Thutmose noted by Napoleon’s III in his tomb (KV34), savants in 1799, and by Find from KV 60 and other finds from Belzoni in 1817 – the tomb appear to be though the passages were choked with rubble of this date, supporting the suggestion that not far from the entrance.9 The walls of the KV38 was built for Thutmose I when Thutmose tomb were undecorated and it attracted little III removed his burial from KV20.13 In this attention until 1824 when James Burton case, Thutmose III would have been removing excavated through the flood-cemented debris, his grandfather from the presence of his reaching as far as the second staircase before scheming stepmother! Neither KV20 nor KV38 abandoning the work owing to ‘mephitic air’, contained any human remains and the ‘which extinguished the lights’. It was not until mummy of Thutmose I is unknown, though it the 1903-4 season that Howard Carter, working has been suggested that he is an anonymous for Theodore Davis, succeeded in tunnelling mummy [CCG. 61065] from the TT320 royal down to the burial chamber. Here he cache. discovered fragments of stone vessels naming Hatshepsut, her grandmother Queen Ahmose Further clues to the burial of Hatshepsut Nefertari,10 her father Thutmose I, and her emerged in October 1916 when Howard Carter

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was alerted by elders from the west bank and sundry items dating to when the tomb village of Qurna to a dispute that had broken had been home to Coptic hermits, he found out between two groups of local plunderers ‘broken pieces of burial equipment of several who were engaged in digging out a tomb in New Kingdom pharaohs.’ A number of wooden the remote wadis of the Theban mountain. statue fragments clearly originated in the tomb The tomb was located half-way up a cliff at the of Thutmose III (KV34); a large jar perhaps head of the Wadi Sikket Taqa el Zeide and derived from the burial of Thutmose I; and when Carter managed to dismiss the robbers fragments of a female pharaonic coffin and gain access he found that they had presumably came from Hatshepsut’s burial in tunnelled through compacted flood deposits KV20.15 to reach the burial chamber. All that was In Spring 1903 (prior to the clearance of discovered within was an unused sarcophagus Hatshepsut’s KV 20 tomb) Carter discovered a made for Hatshepsut when she was acting as small tomb in the approach to the tomb of regent to Thutmose III. This remote tomb had Montuherkhopshef (KV19) which was presumably been abandoned when Hatshepsut numbered KV60. Apart from some mummified became king and opted to be buried in the geese, the only contents of the tomb noted by Valley of the Kings (in KV20).14 Carter were the mummies of two women laid Amongst the tombs that had stood open since side-by-side in the centre of the burial chamber. antiquity was KV4, left incomplete by its ‘One of the mummies was lying in the lower intended occupant, Ramesses XI. The most portion of its coffin (lid missing), the other on unusual feature of the tomb was a deep shaft the floor beside it. Their heads were fairly well descending from the centre of the burial preserved and had long hair of a golden chamber. In 1979 this was cleared by John colour…The portion of the coffin containing Romer for the Brooklyn Museum, and beneath the mummy had been stripped of its outer the remains of a burnt 22nd dynasty burial,

Valley of the Kings, KV 4 on the right

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moulding, possibly on account of its being Thutmose III inter Hatshepsut intrusively in gilded, and the only inscription of value that this simple tomb below her own?’20 could be made out was the following The short answer to Thomas’ question is name and titles: ‘Great Royal Nurse, In. True almost certainly ‘No’. Since Thutmose III of voice.’ Mr. Newberry was present at the seems to have taken the trouble to remove opening, and he thinks that possibly these Thutmose I from Hatshepsut’s presence in were the mummies of the nurses of Thouthmes KV20, it seems unlikely that he would have IV. I reclosed the tomb only removing the also taken out and reburied Hatshepsut. The mummies of geese.’16 wrecked funerary objects discovered by Carter Percy Newberry’s suggestion that the two in KV20 are entirely in accord with the remains women were wet-nurses of Thutmose IV was found in other tombs robbed at the end of the a reasonable one given KV60s location only New Kingdom and it is probably the case that, 50m before the entrance of his tomb (KV43). like the other royal mummies, Hatshepsut was However, KV60 is also a similar distance in removed and restored in the following early front of Hatshepsut’s tomb (KV20), and it has 21st Dynasty.21 been suggested that the nurse ‘In’ mentioned The presence of remnants of the burials of on the coffin, is the same wet-nurse of Hatshepsut, Thutmose III and possibly Hatshepsut, In-Sitre, known from a sandstone Thutmose I in KV4 may perhaps give some statue discovered at Deir el Bahari. The indication of the progress of Hatshepsut’s mummy in the coffin base was removed to the mummy after the robbery of her burial in Egyptian Museum, Cairo in 1906 by Edward KV20. Interestingly this tomb, which began to Ayrton, who was then clearing KV19.17 The be decorated for Ramesses XI, had, at a later other mummy continued to lie, largely point, inscriptions including the cartouche of unwrapped, in the centre of the burial chamber Pinudjem I superimposed on part of the texts. of KV60 until 1989 when it was examined by In the latter part of the reign of Ramesses XI Mark Papworth as part of Donald Ryan’s Valley effective control of Upper Egypt had passed of the Kings Project for the Pacific Lutheran into the hands of the High Priest of Amun, University.18 At that time the mummy’s long Herihor. Following this the High Priest and hair noted by Carter was found lying on the General, Pinudjem took full kingship and floor beneath her bald head. became Khakheperre Pinudjem I. The mummy ‘Mark Papworth…concluded that she had been of King Pinudjem was found in the TT320 royal quite fat in life, as indicated by dramatic folds cache but in the large outer coffin of Ahhtope. of skin found tucked under her backside. The His own coffin set was also in the cache but mummy’s teeth are well-worn, suggesting an found to be occupied by the anonymous older individual. Interestingly, the body had mummy [61065] sometimes thought to be been eviscerated through the pelvic floor Thutmose I. This is ironic inasmuch as the rather than the side, as was the standard outer coffin of Pinudjem’s set was in fact procedure in mummification. Papworth reworked from a coffin originally belonging suggested that this deviation from the norm to Thutmose I! By occupying this coffin, may have been due to the lady’s obesity at the Pinudjem I intended, in effect, to assume time of death.’19 something of the identity of Thutmose I in death; and lest this idea be thought far-fetched The evidence thus far thus appears completely it should be recalled that he had, in life, named in accord with the idea that KV60 was the tomb his son and heir Menkheperre (the throne of two senior members of the royal household, name of Thutmose III), and his daughter perhaps both wet-nurses, either of Thutmose Maatkare (the throne name of Hatshepsut). IV or Hatshepsut. The idea that the mummy Conceivably, therefore, Pinudjem I had Ayrton left behind in the tomb might be inscriptions in his favour inscribed in KV4 Hatshepsut herself appears to have first been prior to his burial there, and – along with his advanced by Elizabeth Thomas: mother Nodjmet, and his wife Henttawy – took ‘Of the…mummy nothing can be said the mummies (and a few surviving funerary without examination. It is merely possible to items) of Thutmose III, Hatshepsut, and maybe ask a question with utmost temerity: did Thutmose I, to be buried there with him as

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nominal ancestors. The tomb was almost the pose of the KV60 mummies – with the right certainly later robbed, after which the burials arm laid straight down by the side and the left were removed to the royal cache in tomb TT320, arm raised to place the clenched fist (with leaving some fragments behind including part thumb extended) on the chest – denotes female of one of Hatshepsut’s coffins.22 Presumably royalty, is dubious.25 Interestingly, two other the small chest named for her containing a female mummies in the same pose were found liver was transferred to TT320 at that time, in KV21, also in front of Hatshepsut’s tomb; and the mummy of King Hatshepsut should but these have received much less attention thus be amongst the mummies found in that owing to their much more damaged condition. tomb in 1881. Although no mummy in the Should these mummies also be considered as TT320 royal cache tomb was identified as candidates for Hatshepsut, or were the burials Hatshepsut, it seems curious that no attempt in both of these tombs simply the original was made to connect any of the unidentified interments of royal relatives and senior female mummies in the tomb with the chest courtiers? and thus Hatshepsut.23 KV60 did, however, reveal some more Although it would be natural to expect the suggestive pieces of evidence. Ryan found mummy of Hatshepsut to have ended up in further coffin fragments in the tomb including the royal cache, it is not of course impossible a large, curved section, and a face-piece: that it could have been placed in KV60. It is ‘Intriguingly, the wooden face-piece found certainly true, for instance, that Ramesses I in the niche by the doorway suggests that it and Ramesses II were placed to reside with once belonged to a very expensive coffin. The Seti I in his tomb (KV17) for a period, before piece was adzed to remove its original surface, this group was added to the TT320 cache; and suggesting that it was gilded; and the eyes have it is suspected that other royal mummies were been extracted, presumably to remove inlaid similarly housed in small groups before the precious metal and stone. The back side of the decision was taken to secure them in the large piece bears a small notch in the chin, which TT320 and KV35 caches. No pottery earlier than conceivably could have served to hold a false the 20th Dynasty was found in KV60, beard.’26 supporting the idea that this was a small, lost or forgotten cache, rather than an original 18th In case the significance was lost on his readers Dynasty interment.24 However, the idea that Ryan continues:

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‘Not that chin beards are peculiar to royal may have been diabetic. A tumour found in coffins; but the only known occupants of KV60 the left iliac bone of the pelvis may have been were female, and only one Egyptian queen is a secondary, metastatic deposit. She perhaps known to have affected the royal false beard.’27 also suffered from osteoarthritis, but what maybe killed her was a burst dental abscess He means, of course, Hatshepsut! However, it and the subsequent spread of infection. might be that the notch on the back of the coffin face-piece simply helped in pegging it Many have eagerly awaited the DNA testing of to the lower coffin lid; and it is always possible mummies in the belief that it would solve that there were at some point, other, male, many questions over the identity of royal occupants of KV60.28 mummies; and the creation of a new laboratory at the Cairo Museum, specially capable of Following examination by Mark Papworth the handling degraded DNA, now brings this mummy was placed in a specially constructed prospect into sight. DNA tests should be able wooden box for protection, and the tomb sealed to show if a relationship exists between with a metal door. In 2007, the mummy was mummies, and here samples from the potential inspected in the tomb by Zahi Hawass,29 and Hatshepsut mummies were compared to removed to the Egyptian Museum, Cairo to Queen Ahmose Nefertari [61055].32 Ahmose take part in a series of tests intended to discover Nefertari may have been the maternal the presence of Hatshepsut. grandmother of Hatshepsut, and was perhaps At the Museum a number of tests were the aunt of Hatshepsut’s father, Thutmose I, conducted to see if this mummy (designated but the relationship is not certain in either KV60A), or the one found in the coffin of In case. Some family relationship is to be (KV60B), was likely to be Hatshepsut.30 It was expected, therefore, but not necessarily a close planned to also include two of the unidentified one.33 The results of these tests are awaited. female mummies from the TT320 royal cache In the course of these investigations it was in the test since this tomb was where the chest thought to re-examine the chest bearing the bearing the names of Hatshepsut had been names of Hatshepsut. The original report on found in 1881. The two mummies selected were this was made by the then Director of the not actually unknown, and ‘Unknown Woman Service des Antiquities, Gaston Maspero: A’ [61052] was in fact named as Queen Meritamun on her shroud,31 whilst Unknown ‘A small box in varnished sycamore and ebony Woman B [61018] has long borne the tentative about 18cm high and containing a human liver identification of Queen Tetisheri. In the event or kidneys. The organ, once placed inside, had a mix-up meant that the second of these two been covered with hot bitumen which had ‘controls’ was actually Unknown Woman D spilled over onto the outside walls. One of [61082], who came from the second royal cache these sides carries, engraved under the sky in KV35, and is plausibly identified as Twosret, sign, the names of Queen Hatshepsut. The who declared herself King at the end of the name of the God, Amun, has been scratched 19th Dynasty. out which shows the coffret was still in use at the time the heretic Kings proscribed the cult One of the tests was intended to see if a of the God. I do not think, however, that the family likeness could be found between any of human remains which survive pertain to the the female mummies and members of the XVIIIth Dynasty Queen. The body of Thutmoside dynasty, and the skulls of Hatshepsut was not in the cache. I believe Thutmose II, Thutmose III, and the mummy someone has taken advantage of the sometimes called Thutmose I (who though resemblance of the name of this Queen to that actually unidentified, does bear a resemblance of Makeri [Maatkare] of the XXIst Dynasty and to Thutmose II) were CAT scanned to allow a given to the latter a coffret which came from composite, ‘generic’ Thutmoside shape to be the tomb of the former. This will then be digitally generated. The female mummy most usurpation to be ascribed to the high priests closely matching this Thutmoside profile was of Amun and their contemporaries.’34 found to be KV60A; and this mummy was also noted as having high quality mummification, For the name of the god Amun to have been an appropriate age of death of about 50, and erased, the chest must have been in circulation a number of medical problems. She was, as at the end of the 18th Dynasty, when the previously noted by Papworth, overweight and followers of Akhenaten were carrying out such 9

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defacements. If the chest had been part of tooth is firmly embedded in the solidified resin Hatshepsut’s burial in KV20, then the only at the bottom of the chest and the CAT scans plausible occasion for its removal during the revealing it are not sharp, so it is important 18th Dynasty would have been when Thutmose that the join with the root in the mouth of the III entered the tomb to remove Thutmose I for mummy is physically corroborated. DNA tests reburial in KV38. However, as Aidan Dodson should then also be able to confirm that the pointed out to me, the chest was certainly tooth and KV60A are one and the same never intended to act as a canopic jar,35 and person.40 since it probably never formed part of This article has attempted to place the recent Hatshepsut’s original burial it would most attempts to identify the mummy of Hatshepsut likely have been readily accessible to into the context of her burial. As has been seen, Akhenaten’s men. As Maspero suggested, the potential evidence has come from a number presence of the chest in the TT320 cache might of tombs: KV20, TT320, KV60, KV21, KV4 and be explained by its having been acquired for the Wadi Sikket Taqa el Zeide. However, there the burial of Maatkare [61088],36 but in that are other important pieces of evidence of less case one might rather expect any erasures on certain provenance. Prior to 1848 the Dutch the chest to have been made with the intention collector, Baron Willem van Westreenen of converting the cartouche of (Khnumetamun) acquired fragments of a shabti figure of Hatshepsut to ‘God’s Wife of Amun’: the title Hatshepsut, which perhaps came from the of Maatkare.37 upper fill of KV20.41 In 1886 there was also the The recent CAT scans confirmed that the purchase of a parts of a funerary bed with a chest did indeed contain a liver, but whose? wooden cartouche of Hatshepsut and Although it became the custom in the 21st associated lion-headed senet pieces. These were Dynasty to re-wrap and return viscera to the said to have come either from KV6, the tomb body cavity, when Elliot Smith examined the of Ramesses IX, or from spoil heaps at Deir el body of Maatkare, he found none present.38 Bahari, but such explanations are extremely As he suggested, it might be that they had been hard to credit.42 lost during robbery, but if not so, it seems An interesting final twist is that the recent unlikely that she would have employed tests on the so-called Thutmose I mummy Hatshepsut’s chest as an improvised canopic [61065] failed to produce any DNA, but the CAT container. Probably a better explanation for scans showed a broken rib and a piece of metal the liver being found in the chest is that during on his right thoracic region, the suggestion the robbery of Hatshepsut’s tomb her original being that it was perhaps an arrow-head. Since canopic jars had been removed from their this mummy died at under 30 years of age, he quartz chest and broken.39 The restorers of is too young to have been Thutmose I.43 her burial might then have managed to salvage However, there is some question in the naming her liver and employed the chest bearing her of the Thutmose II mummy [61066] suggesting names as a substitute jar. This circumstance that he may, in fact, be Thutmose I.44 Thutmose might account for CAT scans of the chest also II had only a very short reign (perhaps just 3 revealing a tooth within: if this had been years) and died quite young,45 so might he not broken from the mummy during robbery, the be the so-called Thutmose I mummy [61065]? restorers might have recovered it and placed In this case, the arrow-head might turn out to it along with the liver in the chest. be the broken end of the dagger by which The tooth was identified as a molar with one Hatshepsut had her husband dispatched into root intact and the other broken off. When the hereafter… compared to the two mummies from KV60 it Dylan Bickerstaffe July 2007. was found to be the correct size to match a gap in the teeth of KV60A where just one root of a About the author molar remained. Apparently there is also a Dylan Bickerstaffe is a popular lecturer to match between the bone density of the loose Egyptian societies around the UK, and has led tooth and that of the surviving root; so if the many study tours to Egypt. He is the author of tooth is Hatshepsut’s there is a strong chance numerous articles addressing Ancient Egyptian that KV60A is the missing Queen/King. The historical problems, in KMT and Ancient Egypt

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magazine, amongst others. His book 13. Romer’s explanation is not universally Identifying the Royal Mummies is due for accepted and it is possible that Hatshepsut release in late 2007. constructed KV20 and removed Thutmose I from KV38 to join her; Thutmose III later returning Notes Thutmose I to KV38 and a new sarcophagus. The situation is made more difficult by the uncertainty 1. Her throne name, or ‘prenomen’, Maatkare over whether KV42 – which is of cartouche shape meant ‘Truth is the Soul of Re’. Her ‘nomen’ but contains an unfinished, rectangular Khnemetamun-Hatshepsut meant ‘She who sarcophagus – is the tomb of Thutmose II. embraces Amun – the Foremost of Women’. Alternative scenarios suggested include: Louise 2. The points presented here are generally Bradbury, ‘Nefer’s Inscription: On the Death of accepted, though the extent of the antipathy Queen Ahmose-Nefertary and the Deed Found between Thutmose III and Hatshepsut is naturally Pleasing to the King’, JARCE XXII (1985), 94; open to speculation. proposing that KV38 and KV42 were cut for Thutmose I and Thutmose II respectively by Ineni; 3. Amelia B. Edwards, ‘Lying in State in Cairo’, and Luc Gabolde, SAK 14 (1987), 78-81; envisaging Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 65/386, (July 1882), a more complex situation in which the original 200. burials of Thutmose I and II were outside the Valley, 4. Edwards, Harper’s Magazine 65/386, 200. their burials being moved first by Hatshepsut when she cut KV20 and thus initiated use of the Valley, 5. Luc Gabolde, ‘La Chronologie du Regne de and subsequently by Thutmose III. Thoutmosis II, Ses Consequences sur la Datation des Momies Royales et Leurs Repercutions sur 14. Howard Carter, ‘A tomb prepared for Queen l’Histoire du Development de la Valle des Rois’, SAK Hatshepsut discovered by the Earl of Carnarvon 14 (1987), 73; attributes the identification of the (October 1916)’, ASAE 16, 179-82. A tomb perhaps ‘elder woman’ as Hatshepsut to A. P Leca. built for Hatshepsut’s daughter Neferure was found in a similar location at the head of a nearby branch 6. J.E. Harris et al. ‘Mummy of the “Elder Lady” of the wadi. in the Tomb of Amenhotep II: Egyptian Museum Catalog Number 61070,’ Science Vol. 200 (9 June 15. C. N. Reeves, Valley of the Kings, Decline of 1978), 1149-1151. a Royal Necropolis (London 1990), 121-3 & 126-8. The coffin piece and wax funerary items from KV4 7. See, Renate Germer, ‘Die Angeblische Mumie are now on display in the Luxor Museum. de Teye: Probleme Interdisziplinaren Arbeiten,’ Studien zur Altaegyptischen Kultur 11 (1984), 85- 16. Carter, ASAE IV (1903), 176-177. Carter’s 90. I have added to this a number of points in the transliteration of the coffin inscription read: _dt chapter The Identity of the Unknowns in Side Room nfrw nsw in m3’t hrw. ‘C’ of KV35 in Part 4 of Refugees for Eternity: The 17. Admittedly it is only an assumption that the Royal Mummies of Thebes (forthcoming). mummy and coffin basin were removed at this 8. John Romer, Valley of the Kings, 35-6 & 42-3; time by Ayrton. They were registered in the cites the testimony of W. G. Browne to show that Museum in 1916 as TR24.12.16.1 (a note recording WV22 was one of four tombs opened by the son of that the discovery had been made by Carter in 1903 Sheikh Mamam, and not the original discovery of near Montuherkhopshef’s tomb); the statue of In- Jollois and de Villiers. Sitre is numbered JE 56264. I owe these details to the article by Zahi Hawass, ‘Quest for the Mummy 9. A slight question is raised over how completely of Hatshepsut: Could She be the Lady in the Attic blocked the passages of KV20 were by Belzoni’s of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo?’, KMT 17.2 map of the Valley of the Kings which accurately (Summer 2006), 41. shows the interior of Hatshepsut’s tomb curling to the right, albeit on too small a scale. The explanation 18. Details on this mummy and tomb contents is perhaps that the tomb was less choked with are drawn from Donald P. Ryan, ‘Who is Buried in deposits at that time, and Belzoni had been given KV60? Could it be Queen Hatshepsut herself?’, KMT an idea of the layout by locals. See Alberto Siliotti, 1.1 (Spring 1990), 34-39 & 58-59 & 63. Belzoni’s Travels (London 2001), 43. 19. Ryan, KMT 1.1, 58. 10. The relationship is not certain, see Note 31 20. Elizabeth Thomas, The Royal Necropoleis of below. Thebes (privately published, 1966), 138; as quoted 11. Details are from, Nicholas Reeves and Richard by Ryan, KMT 1.1, 58. H. Wilkinson, The Complete Valley of the Kings: 21. The fact that Hatshepsut’s name does not Tombs and Treasures of Egypt’s Greatest Pharaohs appear to have been erased from her funerary items (London 1996), 91-4. Hatshepsut’s quartz canopic suggests that Thutmose III did not have access to box was also found in the burial chamber. her tomb at the time he was desecrating her public 12. John Romer, ‘Thutmosis I and the Bibân el- monuments. Although Hatshepsut’s name was Molûk: Some Problems of Attribution’, JEA 60 (!974), excluded from the king lists produced in the later 119-133. ‘Ramesside’ dynasties this might be because her reign occurred entirely within that of Thutmose

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III, and the fact that she clearly enjoyed the support 33. See Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The of the priesthood of Amun suggests that she would Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt (London have been included in the restoration programme 2004), 126-133. Hatshepsut’s mother, Queen Ahmose that led to the creation of the two caches. So the B, bears the title of ‘King’s Sister’ which may refer probability is that Hatshepsut’s mummy survives to her husband Thutmose I, or to his predecessor, somewhere. Amenhotep I, who was the son of Ahmose Nefertari. 22. Pieces of gilded gesso found by Romer’s 34. Gaston Maspero, Les Momies Royales de Deir expedition in the burial chamber of KV4 may thus el Bahari, (Cairo 1889), 584, Item 6. Translation by relate to the stripping of the coffins of Pinudjem I, Norman Nail. Nodjmet, and Henttawy, rather than that of 35. Personal Communication 24/7/07. Thutmose III as proposed by Reeves, Valley, 123. Inconsistent with this theory, however, is the fact 36. The 21st Dynasty Maatkare [61088] was, of that peg shabtis of Ramesses IV were also found in course, found in the TT320 cache. the tomb. 37. Reeves, Valley, 28, Note 25; saw no evidence 23. There were, for instance, the remnants of of erasure. However, although no such defacement the female mummy [CCG 61076] found in the coffin is apparent from photographs, it is hard to rule out of Baqt; and items listed by G. Maspero, Les Momies (on such evidence), the possibility that Maspero Royales de Deir el Bahari, 582: ‘A woman’s coffin saw evidence of the Amun signs having been recut. painted blue in the style of the XVIIIth Dynasty, A short piece by D. Forbes, ‘A Hatshepsut Memento’ containing a mummy without a name’, and ‘A KMT 1.1 (Spring 1990), 13, notes the presence of a smooth surfaced oblong box, painted black with a stone jar inscribed for Hatshepsut in a section of mummy.’ the Egyptian Museum, Cairo devoted to finds from the tomb of Thutmose III, perhaps suggesting a 24. Reeves and Wilkinson, Complete Valley, 186- lack of animosity between the two. However, this 187. jar is an interesting case of erasure of the Amun 25. The mummy in the coffin actually has the name from a cartouche of Hatshepsut, suggesting left arm crossed in a lower, more lateral position, that it was available to the Atenists at the end of though Mark Rose, ‘Hatshepsut Found; Thutmose the 18th Dynasty. A replica of this jar is in the I Lost’, as of July 26th 2007, notes that CAT scans upstairs room of the Egypt Exploration Society show this arm to be disarticulated and probably library in Doughty Mews, London. originally in a more raised position. Dr. Barbara 38. Smith, Royal Mummies, 100. Mertz, Readers’ Forum KMT 14.4 (Winter 2003-04), 4; quite rightly questions the assumption that this 39. Salima Ikram and Aidan Dodson, The pose indicates a queen, stressing that we have far Mummy in Ancient Egypt: Equipping the Dead for too few examples to go on, and noting that non- Eternity (London 1998), 282-3. The canopic chest royal females are also depicted in this pose. of Hatshepsut, which was found in KV20, see illustrations 413B and 414. 26. Ryan, KMT 1.1, 58. 40. Another useful test would be a DNA 27. Ryan, KMT 1.1, 58. comparison of the liver with both KV60A and 28. Ryan,KMT 21. (Spring 1991), 28; indeed, Maatkare. having identified further fragments of the coffin 41. Reeves & Wilkinson, Complete Valley, 93. – which clearly had not carried a uraeus – changed This is the only shabti known of Hatshepsut, but it his view and believed the coffin belonged to a male. was probably the case that Kings had only one in 29. This was his second inspection of the this era. mummy. I witnessed the door being opened by 42. For an investigation into this interesting case National Geographic in advance of a visit by Zahi see my article: Dylan Bickerstaffe, ‘The Discovery Hawass on October 6th 2004. of Hatshepsut’s ‘Throne’’, KMT 13.1 (Spring 2002), 30. I am indebted for details of the tests carried 71-77; and letter in KMT 13.2 (Summer 2002), 6-7. out to the web-article of Mark Rose (see Note 25 43. Thanks again to Mark Rose for these details above) which draws on documentation additional (see Note 25). to the Discovery TV programme. 44. The coffin provided for the reburial of 31. G. Elliot Smith, The Royal Mummies (London Thutmose II [61066] was redecorated with bands 1912), 6; described her as ‘61052 Mummy of an of hieroglyphics naming Aakheperenre, but these unknown woman, perhaps the princess had been altered from (or to?) Aakheperkare, i.e. Meritamon’; thereby displaying an uncertainty he Thutmose I. See G. Daressy, Cercueils des cachettes did not himself feel, owing to Maspero’s belief that royales (Cairo 1990), 18. the style of mummification suggested that the mummy dated to the Middle Kingdom. 45. For evidence of Thutmose II’s reign and life- span see Luc Gabolde, SAK 14, 61-81, Tafel 2 & 3. 32. This mummy was only identified by the name on the coffin she shared with Ramesses III (when discovered in the royal cache). Her identity is not normally doubted, however.

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By the Rivers of ‘Bab-il-On’ Egyptians Present an Intimate Portrait of their Christian Heritage

Kelly L. Krause photos by the author

Figure 1: The Roman fortress of Babylon along Shari‘a Mari Girgis, Misr al-Qadima (© 2007 Kelly L. Krause).

Many people are familiar with the story of the site of Babylon, or Bab-il-On (‘the Gate of Saint Mark who journeyed into Egypt around On’), perhaps identified with the Ancient 62 AD to preach the Gospel at the House of Egyptian pr hap m On (Figure 1). The historian Anianos, the site that is now recognised as the al-Maqrizi (d. 1442) suggested that the Arabic Church of Alexandria. Later martyred when name for the fortress, Qasr al Shama‘ (Fort of reportedly dragged through the streets of Candles), referred to the Persians use of many Alexandria, Saint Mark is credited as the first candles to illuminate its towers. Today the leader of the Egyptian Orthodox or Coptic remains of the structure still survive as one of Church. the best-preserved military fortresses from the Roman Period in what is now known as Misr Two-hundred years later around 298 AD at al-Qadima, or Old Cairo, the city’s most the southwest of present-day Cairo the Roman significant Christian quarter. According to a Emperor Diocletian constructed his fortress at Biblical narration, the holy family rested in

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resulting in considerable losses. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, archaeological sites with Coptic remains were endangered not only by clandestine excavations and treasure hunting, but also by professional archaeologists who cleared monastic relics, churches and houses without documentation in order to uncover the monumental remains of pharaonic Egypt. Alfred J. Butler, who arrived in Egypt from Oxford in 1880 to tutor the sons of Khedive Tawfiq, published his Ancient Churches of Egypt in 1884 in which he lamented the state of Christian antiquities. English architect Somers Clarke also strongly criticised the Figure 2: An iconic and treasured image in Coptic culture, neglect of Coptic monuments. At that the Holy Family’s flight into Egypt (© 2007 Kelly L. same time, however, the first exhibition of Krause). Coptic art was installed in Cairo at the Bulaq this area on their flight from the Jewish King Museum. Herod (Figure 2). The journey of Joseph, Mary Situated in the heart of Old Cairo today, and the infant Christ to Egypt has greatly within the very walls of the fortress of Babylon, influenced the early spread of Christianity is the Coptic Museum. Founded in 1910 by throughout the country. Egyptian and Copt Marcus Simaika Pasha to As one of the oldest Christian communities preserve and promote the Coptic heritage, the in the world, Egypt’s Coptic Church constitutes Museum eventually came under state control the largest Christian congregation in the in 1931under the supervision of Egypt’s Middle East, a size presently estimated at more Antiquities Service, recognising the than 9 million. At one point the label ‘Coptic’ importance of the Coptic heritage as a major was applied as if it were synonymous with period in Egypt’s history. ‘Christian’. Nowadays specialists in the art and The Museum has effectively been undergoing archaeology of post-pharaonic Egypt define renovations since 1984 when the walls of the Coptic art as encompassing works made for Old Wing were shored up and all the galleries pagans as well as for Christians and other were renovated. The latest project, begun in monotheists with whom they shared motifs 2003, attended to the superstructure as a whole, and tastes from as early as the 3rd century. which included repairs due to seepage of Among these groups were Greeks, Romans, groundwater. The philosophy behind the Armenians, Persians, Jews and Arabs who all interior design and installation of the reopened had an impact on the local art production. museum aims to meet the standards set by the During the medieval era the artistic heritage International Council of Museums (ICOM). of the Copts suffered greatly. At the onset of But not all museum staff members are satisfied the Arab conquest of 639-641 AD no land was with the end result. Many feel that the museum confiscated from the Egyptians; Caliph Umar now feels crowded and difficult to negotiate forbade any Arab to own land in Egypt for fear in the new space that has been created. The that through vested interests he would lose his large showcases for small pieces, like the Nag fighting forces to other territories. This policy Hammadi manuscripts, exhibit only one changed, however, with the advent of the quarter of what was previously displayed, Umayya Dynasty at the end of the 7th century though regular rotation of pieces and special (c. 685-705 AD) and many Coptic monasteries exhibits may help the Museum realise the full and churches were pillaged, demolished, potential of its collections. Staff members rebuilt and restored over the centuries

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would have also hoped for the addition of a large storeroom for museum objects and appropriate laboratory facilities for regular cleaning and conservation of delicate pieces in the Museum’s collections. Additionally, while the majority of display cases are climate controlled, the Museum superstructure itself is not. Consequently, dozens of wood and stone sculptural pieces displayed out in the open, many decorated in polychrome or with painted murals, are constantly subject to changing humidity and temperatures that will ultimately degrade their integrity if not regularly monitored. Nonetheless, the Coptic Museum is eager to share the value of Coptic heritage, history and arts with the national and international publics. The Museum has loaned several pieces to museums both within and without Egypt, for instance, including the National Museum of Alexandria and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Moreover, the Coptic Museum receives a surprising number of local visitors in addition to its foreign Figure 3: The steps and belfries of the Church of the Holy tourists due to its community outreach which Virgin, also known as El Mu‘allaqa (© 2007 Kelly L. includes a children’s workshop inaugurated Krause). this summer. These visitors include family majority of studies are based on literary sources groups, school children and the elderly, or architectural observations rather than particularly around the holidays of the modern archaeological investigation. Egyptian Orthodox Church. Many who come The Church of the Holy Virgin Mary (Sitt to the Museum also visit the several churches Maryam: al ‘Adra), for instance, also known as in Old Cairo. al-Mu‘allaqa, or the ‘Hanging’ Church because Although the churches of Old Cairo suffered it was erected upon the south gate of the during several waves of persecution when Babylon fortress, is possibly the oldest many of their original murals, woodwork, icons surviving church in Old Cairo (Figure 3). The and valuable liturgical objects were destroyed earliest literary references to the structure date or plundered, they still preserve the to the 9th century when the church’s upper atmosphere of medieval Coptic churches. section was reportedly demolished, but proper Although research on Old Cairo’s churches archaeological investigation may yield an even began in the 19th century, dating them earlier foundation. Many locals and pilgrims precisely still presents problems since the vast alike, young and old, still gather at al- Mu‘allaqa

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in recognition of the church’s significance Leiden, 27 August- 2 September 2000, Paris. (Figure 4). “We are so proud of our heritage,” Lutfi Al-Sayyid Marsot, A., 2007. A history of said one woman. “Our ancestors have sacrificed Egypt- from the Arab Conquest to the present, themselves for us so that we may maintain our Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. beliefs since the beginning…I truly believe that this is ‘the real Christianity’, we are the real Reid, D.M., 2002. Whose pharaohs? Egypt.” Archaeology, museums, and Egyptian national identity from Napoleon to World War I, Indeed, many Copts have come to believe that American University in Cairo Press, Cairo. they are the true descendents of the pharaohs. Copts have entered Egyptology in substantial Web References numbers, at times considerably larger than The Coptic Museum: their Muslim compatriots. Several Coptic sites are currently under active investigation, The International Council of Museums including Akhmim and Tell el-Hibeh in Middle (ICOM): Egypt and Kellis in the Western Oases. Coptic monuments continue to receive more attention as symbols of Egyptian pride, patriotism and About the Author heritage. Kelly L. Krause is Co-director of Past The Coptic Museum is presently Preservers, a heritage consultancy seeking funding to develop Media based in Cairo, Egypt, and heads and Education Departments as a the company’s Heritage Services. means to further cultivate She has previously been associated community outreach and with the Egyptian Antiquities collaboration with institutions and Information System and the Anglo- agencies in Egypt and abroad. American Project in Pompeii. Interested parties should enquire through the Museum at: Shari‘a Mari Girgis, Cairo-EGYPT. For more details or relevant information, please contact the Supreme Council of Antiquities, Public Relation Office, 4d, Shari‘a Fakhry Abdel Nour, Abbassiah- EGYPT, Tel: 3639742 or 3628766

References Bagnall, R.S., 1993. Egypt in late antiquity, Princeton. Butler, A.J., 1884. Ancient churches of Egypt, 2 vols., London. Gabra, G. and M. Eaton-Krauss, 2007. The illustrated guide to the Coptic Museum and churches of Old Cairo, American University in Cairo Press, Cairo. Habib, R., 1967. The ancient churches of Cairo: a short account, Cairo. Immerzeel, M. and J. van der Vliet (eds.), 2004. Coptic studies on the threshold of a new Figure 4: Coptic heritage through the ages- a young boy millennium. Proceedings of the 7th stands with his grandfather in the courtyard of the International Congress of Coptic Studies, Church of the Holy Virgin just before services (© 2007 Kelly L. Krause).

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The Emptiness of Old Kingdom Tombs

Wolfram Grajetzki

Most people, even many Egyptologists, connect undisturbed Egyptian tombs with treasures, such as those found in the tomb of Tutankhamun or in the burials of the Twenty- First Dynasty kings at Tanis. However, burial customs changed over the centuries, and it was only common in the Early Dynastic Period, around 3000 BC, and then in the first half of the New Kingdom, around 1550 to about 1300 BC, that burials of rich people were equipped with objects of daily life and in the case of kings with golden treasures. In most other periods a selection of ritual objects was placed into the tombs providing the dead with the possibility to ‘survive’ death. The classical Old Kingdom, the Fourth and Fifth Dynasty, around 2600 to 2450 BC are in this respect especially remarkable. Burial chambers of that period - even those of extremely rich people - were almost empty. There was only a small selection of items placed in the underground burial chamber. Fig. 1 False Door of Ankhkhaef inscribed with his titles A perfect example is the tomb of Ankhkhaef, (Hassan) who had the ‘good name’ Qar, and was overseer of the treasury. Overseer of the treasury was a four beads, both objects of rather simple high position at the royal court, and Ankhkhaef workmanship. It is not known whether the was therefore certainly an influential person body of the official was once mummified. in his time. Like most Egyptian tombs, the Ankhkhaef was only found as a skeleton. The mastaba of Ankhkhaef, excavated by Selim burial equipment on the east side of the coffin Hassan in Giza, consisted of two parts. There was also very simple. There were three large was the over-ground mastaba, partly carved jars, a pottery bowl, an alabaster slab inscribed into the rocks of Giza and there were the with the seven sacred oils, a copper bowl, some underground parts, reserved for the body of bones of an ox and 68 miniature copper tools. the deceased and the burial equipment. In the The interpretation of these finds is not always over-ground part was found the decorated false certain. The seven sacred oils were used at door of Ankhkhaef providing us with his rituals at the burial. The act of placing a slab names and titles. The burial chamber was with their name into the tomb ensured that reached via a sloping passage, a corridor these rituals would be performed for all blocked by huge stones. The tomb chamber eternity. Furthermore, it is possible that the was found untouched as it had lain for about slab was already used at the burial of 4500 years. In the middle of the chamber there Ankhkhaef and placed into his burial before was placed the sarcophagus of Ankhkhaef. It the tomb was closed. The bones of the ox is a rough, undecorated stone box. In the lid belonged perhaps to the funeral repast, as some there were found a head rest and a small stone of the other vessels. The miniature copper tools vessel. The body of Ankhkhaef in the are typical for Old Kingdom burials at the royal sarcophagus was just adorned with a golden residence. Their function is not known for armlet and a necklace of a golden wire with sure.

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shaft of Seshemu, also excavated by Selim Hassan at Giza. Seshemu dates also to the Fourth or Fifth Dynasty, that means to the classical Old Kingdom. Seshemu was overseer of the storerooms at the palace. He had a slightly lower position than Ankhkhaef, but was certainly still a high official at the king’s house. The undisturbed burial chamber of Seshemu was found at the bottom of a 5.3 m deep shaft. The chamber was closed with large limestone blocks. In the chamber there was a limestone sarcophagus hewn out of the rock. East of the coffin were placed ten pottery jars about 21 to 24.5 cm high and ten smaller ones about 9.5 to 11 cm high. There were four canopic jars of clay and some bones of an ox. North of the coffin was found a set of about eighty copper tools and vessels including a washing set, many of them broken. These were all models. On the skeleton was found a necklace, a gold wire with seven beads. The whole tomb group again makes a rather simple impression. There was some gold at the body of Seshemu and there were the 80 copper tools. Small copper tools might for a modern reader not sound like an expensive part of a burial equipment, but in the Old Kingdom, around 2500 BC, in the Early Bronze Age, this material had a high value. Nevertheless, there is no furniture in the tomb and there are no statues. The sarcophagus of Seshemu was uninscribed, like most examples of the Old Kingdom. These tombs are not exceptional. There are many others of the Old Kingdom Fig. 2 The tomb chamber of Ankhkhaef (Hassan) found undisturbed and containing the same limited number of objects. Looking at the South of the sarcophagus were found two burials of people not so rich, but still belonging simple jars and the four limestone canopic to the families of high officials at the royal jars. This is the sum total of the tomb court, there are even many graves which were equipment. The tomb as a whole certainly does found just with the body of the deceased. There not make a poor impression. There are the were no further grave goods, no pottery, no decorated items in the tomb chapel and there other objects, only perhaps the linen wrapped is the sarcophagus, a coffin made in stone, around the body. indicating the elevated position of the tomb The sum of evidence might come as a owner and proving that he had important surprise, but must be viewed in a broader resources. picture of Old Kingdom mastabas and their Another example of an intact tomb is the decoration. In the Early Dynastic Period,

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servants bringing all items important for the afterlife. Moreover, there were long lists of items also needed for eternity and for rituals important for the survival in the next life. The underground part of the tomb was obviously not regarded as requiring decoration or equipment. Certainly, everything was done to preserve the body. There are the first signs of mummification in the period. Not much more was important. The decoration of the mastabas with the beautiful reliefs and the inscriptions were regarded as more essential. In this context, it might be worth thinking about the burial equipment of the Old Kingdom royal tombs. In all periods of Fig. 3. Models copper tools as found in the tomb of Egyptian history it is visible, that most tombs Seshemu (Hassan) were arranged along the same lines. The tomb of Tutankhamun contained many daily life objects, the same objects were found in burials around 3000 BC, tombs were equipped with of high officials, such in the burial of Tuya and many objects used already in daily life. The Yuya, the parents in-law of Amenhotep III. Very mastabas were sometimes just decorated with little survived from Old Kingdom royal tomb a simple stela, showing the name and title of equipment. Most often we only know the the tomb owner. This changed in the Third sarcophagi of the kings and sometimes the Dynasty, around 2700 BC. Now, more and canopic chests. With the background of the longer inscriptions appeared on the stela and burial customs of the high state officials of the in the tomb decoration. Many objects once Old Kingdom, it seems likely that the chambers placed into the tomb chamber were replaced of the kings were much less richly equipped by the written word. Egyptians perhaps saw than those in later times. Although Kheops that tombs were looted. They saw that the was certainly one of the most powerful kings objects in the tombs decayed. They also realised of the ancient world, it seems most likely that that the written word, inscribed in stone lasted he was not as well supplied as, for example, longer, and even perhaps for ever. Therefore the young Tutankhamun. This does not mean all attention of the tomb was from the he was poorer. His pyramid proves the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty concentrated opposite. He was just buried following the on the chapel above ground. The rooms of the customs of his day. Certainly, there were several mastabas were decorated with pictures of impressive objects in his tomb. An idea might

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Fig. 4. Copper vessels from the tomb of of Impy, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston give the burial of Hetepheres, mother of Kheops. Her tomb chamber contained many pottery and stone vessels, the miniature copper tools and some other items, object types already described for the tombs of the officials. The big surprise are a canopy, a bed and two chairs, all covered with gold foil. Exactly these objects are often depicted in Old Kingdom mastabas. They are connected with rituals around rebirth. As royal woman, Hetepheres had them placed as originals in her burial. Similar or identical objects we might except in the tomb chamber of Kheops pyramid, although we will never know for sure. Further reading: Many undisturbed Old Kingdom tombs are found in the following excavation reports: Selim Hassan, Excavations at Gîza, Cairo 1932-60. In general see: Wolfram Grajetzki, Burial Customs in Ancient Egypt: Life in Death for Rich and Poor, London 2003 About the author Dr Wolfram Grajetzki taught Egyptology at the Humboldt University of Berlin. He was working in several projects, including the on- line learning resource Digital Egypt for Universities. He is the author of several books including Burial Customs in Ancient Egypt (2003) and The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (2006).

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Conservation in Egypt a state of the nation report

Nigel J. Hetherington Egypt; ‘Home to 2/3 thirds of the world’s antiquities’, ‘The largest open-air museum in The main problem that confronts the world’, ‘Cairo-mother of all cities’. Just conservators working in Egypt is where to some of the labels attached to Egypt’s rich begin? , and then they must decide what to cultural and natural heritage. The breadth and preserve first? And try to decide what is most range of the heritage resource is staggering important? And what is at the greatest risk of and from a conservation and management destruction? These questions do not have any point of view somewhat overwhelming. From easy answers. The pressures and threats facing the last remaining Seven Wonders of the world: the cultural and natural heritage of Egypt are the pyramids of Giza, to the architectural huge; the demands of a growing population: treasures of Islamic Cairo, to the tombs and increasing urbanization and the resulting land temples of the New Kingdom Pharaohs at use pressures, the growth of agriculture and Luxor, to magnificent dinosaur fossils, to industry, and the needs and demands of the stunning coral reefs in the Red Sea and not tourism industry are just a few of the many least the 20th century Art Deco buildings in problems that have to be resolved. downtown area of Cairo, Egypt it would appear has it all. So how do you go about attempting But, it is not all doom and gloom, the richness to preserve and protect this treasure chest of of Egypt’s cultural and natural heritage has history for future generations? made the country and its history world famous

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and synonymous with spectacular cultural heritage and therefore attracts a lot of international attention. Many people feel passionately about Egypt’s heritage and numerous organizations are involved in its protection and preservation, both internationally and on a national scale. To understand how this all works in practice I want to give you on overview of antiquities protection in Egypt and to look specifically at a case study based in Luxor. Within Egypt the body given the legal responsibility for the protection of antiquities, the overseeing of archaeological excavations and the management of heritage sites (defined as anything over 100 years old) is the Supreme Council for Antiquities (SCA) a department headed by the Secretary General Dr Zahi Hawass within the Ministry of Culture (MOC). The SCA was formed during the colonial era in 1858, when it was originally called the Service des Antiquites, then it was run mainly by the French, and had control of all archaeological excavations in the country. After partial Egyptian independence in 1922, the service was increasingly brought under the control of Egyptian government officials and was renamed the Egyptian Antiquities Organization in 1971. However, legislative development regarding antiquities protection in Egypt was inadequate until 1951 when Law 215 was passed, this was considered the first piece of legislation that attempted to cover all aspects of antiquities protection, yet it contained many loopholes and was superseded in 1983 by Law 117. The main points of Law 117 are: - The SCA was made the legal guardian of antiquities • “Antiquity” was defined as any object movable or immovable over 100 years old, or objects or sites selected by prime ministerial decree and therefore public property • The trade in antiquities was prohibited • The exportation of cultural property from Egypt was banned In addition to the recording, management and preservation of heritage sites, the SCA’s main role in relation to these sites is to approve all excavation concessions and clear personnel for work in Egypt and to stipulate the

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conditions under which foreign missions temples, and thousands of other structures carryout archaeological work in Egypt. lie here. Together, they constitute one of the richest sources of information about ancient Internally within Egypt there are many Egypt to be found anywhere. The TMP’s long- other bodies which have a role to play in term goal is to establish a historical and protection of Egypt’s heritage, this include The contemporary record of all of the monuments Egyptian Antiquities Information System in the 10-square-kilometer World Heritage Site, (EAIS), The Centre for Documentation of including detailed topographical maps, Cultural and Natural Heritage (CultNat) and architectural plans, surveys of the many consultants and advisors employed by archaeological importance of the site, these agencies. excavation history, and condition reports on External bodies with a role in antiquities its monuments.. protection include The Getty Conservation The Theban Mapping Project's work at Institute (GCI), The American Research Center Thebes has grown from the belief that, if these in Egypt (ARCE), The World Monuments Fund ancient remains are to be preserved, the first (WMF), The Centre National des Recherche and most essential step is to make a detailed Scientific (CNRS), The Oriental Institute of archaeological map and database that records Chicago in Luxor, , and The Theban Mapping each archaeological, geological, and Project (TMP) to name but a few. ethnographic feature at Thebes and regularly I intend to illustrate the type of work being monitors its condition. Only when such data undertaken in Egypt by these agencies by using is available can sensible plans for tourism, the example of the Theban Mapping Project of conservation, and further archaeological study which I am a team member. They main role in be made. conjunction with the SCA is to record and During the past decade, the TMP has protect Egypt’s heritage in the Luxor area. I concentrated on the Valley of the Kings (KV). work as a consultant for the project advising This small part of the greater Theban on heritage protection and management. Necropolis contains the burials of some of The Theban Mapping Project was Egypt's greatest rulers, the pharaohs of the established in 1979 by Dr. Kent Weeks to New Kingdom (dynasties XVIII, XIX, and XX, prepare a detailed archeologically map and from about 1550 to 1069 BCE). There are 64 database of the Theban Necropolis on the West tombs in KV, perhaps 24 of them kings' tombs. bank of the Nile in Luxor. Ancient Thebes is The others belong to important members of considered one of the world's most important royal families and courts. The TMP has archaeological zones. The Valley of the Kings, prepared detailed plans of each tomb, the Valley of the Queens, the Tombs of the including some large and complex enough that Nobles, a large number of colossal mortuary they required thousands of measurements to ensure a plan accurately. From this architectural data, and the detailed maps we have made of the overlying topography, we have been able to generate three-dimensional computer drawings of individual tombs and entire hillsides. On these three-dimensional drawings, we have superimposed photographs that record the walls and pillars of each chamber. In addition, by re-photographing the tombs on a regular basis (every 3 to 5 years), a regular check can be maintained on a tomb's condition and identify problems of conservation before those problems become impossible to solve. To date, every accessible tomb in KV has been mapped.

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Valley of the Kings site management masterplan will become the template for any future conservation work carried out at archaeological and heritage sites in Egypt. I hope this has given an insight into the work of one of the many agencies at work in Egypt helping to preserve Egypt’s outstanding culture heritage for many generations to come.

Nigel J. Hetherington is a graduate from the Institute of Archaeology at University College London, and has spent the past three years living and working in Cairo, Egypt. He runs his own Within the last two years, the TMP’s main consultancy company; Past focus and aim has been to produce a site Preservers providing historical management plan for KV that will ensure its and archaeological consultancy protection and safety even as predicted the and professional support to the number of tourists increases dramatically. The media industry. Nigel is also in valley currently receives in excess of 1.8 million the process of researching and visitors a year (2004 data). This has meant writing a book on the history of working with specialists to develop new tourism in Luxor. Nigel has a M.A. systems for lighting, and to maintain constant in Cultural Heritage Studies and temperature and humidity, and reducing levels is a member of the International of dust in the tombs, yet ensuring tourists a Association of Egyptologists. pleasant and rewarding experience. We have Contact him by email: laid out plans for new roads and pathway [email protected] surfaces, new toilet facilities, flood protection schemes, and visitor management strategies. We have designed exhibits for a new Visitors Center, which has just been constructed outside the entrance to the Valley of the Kings, by the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and we have been working with the Supreme Council of Antiquities' Engineering Department to create a larger, more efficient, but less obtrusive parking area, vendor’s area, and site offices. The TMP have also been digitally photographing all open KV tombs to create an existing-condition record of KV decoration and our conservators have been preparing detailed conservation surveys on every wall and ceiling within these accessible tombs. This is the first time such a comprehensive record has been made in KV and, together with the historical information we are collecting, it will provide a sound foundation upon which all-future conservation and management work can be based. Indeed, it is hoped that the resulting

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British Museum Flying East Treasures of the World’s Culture: The British Museum after 250 years at Hong Kong Museum of Art Ada Cheng

Since 1753, the British Museum is renowned between the National Palace Museum and the throughout the world for its extensive British Museum, the exhibition Treasures of collection of more than seven million objects the World's Cultures: The British Museum after that covers the legacy of humanity from almost 250 Years has been two years in the making, every region and every period over two million and it is intended to offer the audiences in Asia years of history. Marking the first collaboration a rare opportunity to appreciate cultural

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The Hong Kong Museum of Art is one of the museums managed by the Leisure & Cultural Services Department, established in 1962. The mission of the Hong Kong Museum of Art to preserve the cultural heritage of China and promote art with a local focus, and to maintain an essential international character, the museum also presents a great variety of thematic exhibitions drawn from local and overseas sources. The exhibition itself is located on the second floor at Special Exhibition Gallery (1) & Contemporary Hong Kong Art Gallery. The selection of 271 works on view provides glimpses at the cultural legacy of humanity from the Paleolithic Age up to the 20th century that stretches from Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Early Europe, Medieval, Renaissance and Later Europe, south and East Asia, Islam, Africa, Oceania and the Americas. The exhibition includes works of sculpture and painting, as well as historical and cultural artifacts in a wide range of materials, such as precious objects, glass, gold, silver, bronze, stone, wood, and ceramic. Such a diverse and pluralistic display not only offers audiences in cultural and artistic feast for the eyes, it also provides a first-hand understanding of the developments in world cultures as well as the glorious achievements of humanity over the ages. The Masterpieces of this collection includes an Egyptian wooden mummy-board “The treasures from around the world without Unlucky Mummy” of the early 22nd Dynasty, embarking on journeys abroad. about 945 BC, a Bronze statue for Goddess “Bastet”, a 13th century Egyptian brass First the journeys start in Beijing, China at astrolabe with silver inlay, a marble Roman Capital Museum, from March 18, 2006 to June statue of ‘Dionysos’ of 2nd century, a Queen's 5, 2006. Then located at Taipei Taiwan, lyre from about 2600-2400 BC found in the National Palace Museum, from February 4, Royal Cemetery at Ur, and walrus ivory chess- 2007 to May 27, 2007. Now the exhibition pieces made in about 1150-1200 and found in present in Hong Kong Art of Museum, Hong Scotland*. Kong from September 14, 2007 to December 2, 2007. 'The Unlucky Mummy', Wooden mummy- board; painted detail on plaster, Egypt, early The existence of the exhibition in Hong Kong 22nd Dynasty, about 945 BC. This year is a good participation from the British Museum in two important National This exquisitely painted mummy-board events, celebrating the 10th anniversary of the formed the innermost covering of the mummy establishment of the HKSAR , and the 45th of a woman of high rank. During the 21st and anniversary of the Hong Kong Museum of Art. early 22nd Dynasties such sculpted and painted

* For more information and details, please see “Treasures of the World’s Culture from the British Museum”, the Official Guide to Exhibition.

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an American collector and sent to the USA on the Titanic in 1912, causing the ship to collide with an iceberg and sink. Although proof of the mummy-board's alleged supernatural powers is completely lacking, the mythology surrounding it continues to evolve. Bronze figure of Bastet as a seated cat, Egypt, Late Period

In the latter part of the first millennium BC, large numbers of bronze figures of deities were produced. The majority of these were purchased by pilgrims to temples, where they would be dedicated to the relevant god. Examples inscribed with texts reveal these donations were intended to prompt a favour from the relevant god, such as the birth of a child, ensuring a good life, or a lavish burial. This example probably represents the covers had come to replace the mask which goddess Bastet, here shown with two gold-wire were placed over the head of mummy in earlier earrings. It would originally have been fitted periods. The name of the owner of this example to a base, probably made of wood. The principal is not preserved, but the style of the decoration temple of this goddess was at “Bubastis” in is a sure guide to its date and provenance. The Eastern Delta. Interestingly, in the temple’s deceased wears a very large floral collar, reliefs, Bastet is shown as the more impressive through which her open hands protrude, and lioness. These two feline manifestations below this is a complex arrangement of images underlined two distinct aspects to the goddess: of deities associated with the afterlife: solar terrifying and powerful, or benevolent and discs and falcons, the winged sky-goddess Nut, calm. Burials of cats were found in brick-lined ba birds and emblems of Osiris. pits near the temple at Bubastis, along with many bronzes like this example. However, Since 1889, the mummy-board has become sacred cat cemeteries are known from more one of the most famous icons of the British than 20 sites throughout Egypt. Museum, though not on account of its historical importance or artistic quality. It has “Its an honor to have this historic exhibition become the focus for a vast web of modern in Hong Kong especially significant mythology which has its origins in the popular commemorating the 10th anniversary of the notion that to disturb an ancient Egyptian establishment of the HKSAR. Its amazing those burial could bring down a 'curse' on those exquisite handiworks, such as those mummies, directly responsible (and even on persons only the ‘Ivory pyxis with pastoral scenes’ of Early remotely involved). The stories surrounding it Europe and the ‘Pair of Mosque lamps’ of have been perpetuated and elaborated through Islam”. Said Mr. Franky Ng, the first year of oral tradition ,it says that the mummy-board the Hong Kong University Who gather with has been bought by 4 English travelers between friends to see the exhibtion. 1860-1875, 2 of them died or seriously injured Ms. Olivia Yeung, student of Po Leung Kuk shortly after that, and the other two died in Tang Yuk Tien College, joined school tour to short time, the mummy-board passed to one the exhibition. She was so impressed by those of the travelers sister, who experienced series The Unlucky Mummy’ mummy-board and the of misfortunes . On an early photograph of the ‘wooden anthropoid inner coffin of Djeho’ and board, the carved and painted face is supposed the Queen’s lyre, and so glad to have this to have been miraculously replaced by the golden opportunity to see those valuable features of a living Egyptian woman of treasure form the world. malevolent aspect. Perhaps the strangest tale associated with the board is that it was sold to

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«∞cÍ ¢r «≤∑AU∞t ±s «∞LuÆl ≠w 6√Ø∑u°d ´U 5991 Ë≥u _•b ±Ku„ _•b Ë≥u 5991 ´U 6√Ø∑u°d ≠w «∞LuÆl ±s «≤∑AU∞t ¢r «∞cÍ ¢I∂l ±ª∑KHW ´Bu¸ ≈∞w ¢M∑Lw ±ºö‹ ±s Ë√§e«¡ Ë√´Lb… Ë¢LU£Oq «∞∂DU∞LW (¸°LU °DKLOu” «∞∏U±s) «∞cÍ ¥d§` √≤t ØUÊ ÆUzLU ≠w ÆUzLU ØUÊ √≤t ¥d§` «∞cÍ «∞∏U±s) °DKLOu” (¸°LU «∞∂DU∞LW ¢∫X ±∑d 6-7 °Os ±U ¥∑d«ËÕ ´Lo ´Kw «∞AdÆw «∞LOMU¡ ÆUŸ ≠w ≠w ≠d≤ºU). ≠w Î ±FdË{U ØUÊ («∞∑L∏U‰ «ùßJMb¸¥W ±MU¸… •u‰ °U¸“ ±JUÊ œ«îq ±u«≤w £öÀ ´s «∞JAn £r Øc∞p «∞∂∫d. ßD` ±Mºu» Ë¥ENd °DKLOu” ≠w ≥c« «∞∑L∏U‰ ±d¢b¥U ±ö°f «∞Hd´uÊ, Ë´Kw «∞Hd´uÊ, ±ö°f ±d¢b¥U «∞∑L∏U‰ ≥c« ≠w °DKLOu” Ë¥ENd «∞Lu«≤w ≥cÁ √Ê «_°∫UÀ Ë√£∂X ∞uîOU”" "¸√” ´Mb «∞AdÆw «∞LOMU¡ ¸√ßt «∞∑Uà «∞cÍ ¥d±e ∞ALU‰ ±Bd ËÅFOb≥U, Ë¥ENd ¢∫∑t ¢Uà ¢∫∑t Ë¥ENd ËÅFOb≥U, ±Bd ∞ALU‰ ¥d±e «∞cÍ «∞∑Uà ¸√ßt ¢r ËØc∞p «∞eË«¸ Ø∂U¸ ßHs _ß∑I∂U‰ ÅGOd… ±KJOW ±u«≤w ØU≤X Ë∞w ´Nb «∞Ou≤UÊ √Í «∞LIbË≤OOs. Ë°Fi «∞IDl «∞LBd¥W «∞Hd´u≤OW «∞LBd¥W «∞IDl Ë°Fi «∞LIbË≤OOs. √Í «∞Ou≤UÊ ´Nb Ë∞w «_£d¥W «∞KIw ±s Ø∂Od Ë´bœ «∞GU¸ÆW «≤O∑d˜˔" "§e¥d… ´s «∞JAn ±∏q √§e«¡ «∞Lºö‹ Ë√°u «∞Nu‰ «∞∑w ¢d§l ≈∞w ≠∑d«‹ “±MOW ±∑HUË¢W “±MOW ≠∑d«‹ ≈∞w ¢d§l «∞∑w «∞Nu‰ Ë√°u «∞Lºö‹ √§e«¡ ±∏q «∞Lª∑KHW. ±s ´Nb ßOeËß∑d¥f «∞∏U∞Y («_ßd… 21) ≈∞w ´Nb √°ºLU¢Op ´Nb ≈∞w 21) («_ßd… «∞∏U∞Y ßOeËß∑d¥f ´Nb ±s «∞ºU•q ∞∫bËœ ¢ªDOj Ë{l «ô£dÍ «∞Lº` îö‰ ±s √±Js ËÆb ≠w ≥cÁ «∞LMDIW ≥cÁ ≠w Î ÆUzLU ØUÊ «∞IDl ≥cÁ Ë°Fi 62). («_ßd… «∞∏U∞Y «∞ºU•q ´Kw ©Gw Æb «∞∂∫d √Ê √¢C` •OY «∞AdÆw ∞KLOMU¡ «∞Ib¥r °U∞HFq, Ë«∞∂Fi «üîd ¸°LU ≤IKt °Fi ±Ku„ «∞∂DU∞LW ±s ±MDIW ±s «∞∂DU∞LW ±Ku„ °Fi ≤IKt ¸°LU «üîd Ë«∞∂Fi °U∞HFq, «∞d«°l «∞Id≤Os ≠w «∞AdÆw «∞LOMU¡ ±s «∞AdÆw ∞KπU≤V «∞Ib¥r ≥KOu°u∞Of ∞∑e¥Os «∞LuÆl •u‰ «∞LMU¸…. •u‰ «∞LuÆl ∞∑e¥Os ≥KOu°u∞Of «∞ºU•q §Mu» ¥Il «∞∫U∞w «∞Ju¸≤Og Ë√Ê «∞LOöœÍ Ë«∞ªU±f ≥c« °Uù{U≠W ≈∞w «∞IDl «∞LFLU¸¥W «∞J∂Od…«∞∑v ¥d§` √≤NU ¢M∑Lv √≤NU ¥d§` «∞J∂Od…«∞∑v «∞LFLU¸¥W «∞IDl ≈∞w °Uù{U≠W ≥c« «ôØ∑AU≠U‹ ≥cÁ √Ê °U∞cØd ˧b¥d ≥c« ±∑d 021 °∫u«∞w «∞Ib¥r ≈∞v «∞LMU¸… ≤HºNU, ËØc∞p «∞Fb¥b ±s «_´Lb… «∞LJºu¸… ˨Od «∞LJºu¸… «_´Lb… ±s «∞Fb¥b ËØc∞p ≤HºNU, «∞LMU¸… ≈∞v «∞Ib¥LW Ë«∞J∑U°U‹ «∞MBu’ ≠w §U¡ ±U ±l ¢LU±U ¢∑u«≠o «∞∫b¥∏W «∞JU±KW «∞∑w ¥d§` √Ê "√ßb «∞b¥s Æd«§U" •UØr «ùßJMb¸¥W ≠w «ùßJMb¸¥W •UØr Æd«§U" «∞b¥s "√ßb √Ê ¥d§` «∞∑w «∞JU±KW «∞Ou≤U≤w «∞FBd¥s ≠w «ùßJMb¸¥W ±b¥MW “«¸Ë« ±Ls °Fi Ø∑∂NU «∞∑w ´Nb ÅöÕ «∞b¥s «_¥u°w Æb §K∂NU ±s ±MDIW ´U±uœ «∞ºu«¸Í ´U±uœ ±MDIW ±s §K∂NU Æb «_¥u°w «∞b¥s ÅöÕ ´Nb Ë«_¸ÅHW «∞Lu«≤w ¢Kp ¥uÅn ÆU «∞cÍ ß∑d«°uÊ îUÅW Ë«∞d˱U≤w Ë√∞Iw °NU ≠w ±bîq «∞LOMU¡ ∞ºbÁ ∞LMl √Í ±∫UË∞W ∞KGeË «∞BKO∂w. ∞KGeË ±∫UË∞W √Í ∞LMl ∞ºbÁ «∞LOMU¡ ±bîq ≠w °NU Ë√∞Iw ´KONU. «∞LIU±W Ë«∞L∂U≤w √±U ¢Kp «∞IDl «∞LM∑AKW Ë´bœ≥U •u«∞w 53 ÆDFW ≠∑F∑∂d ±s √≠Cq ±s ≠∑F∑∂d ÆDFW 53 •u«∞w Ë´bœ≥U «∞LM∑AKW «∞IDl ¢Kp √±U ±s ±MNU 09% √£d¥W ÆDFW 0052 ≠w «∞∫b¥∏W «ùØ∑AU≠U‹ Ë¢∑L∏q «∞IDl «∞∑w ´∏d ´KONU ±s •OY •U∞∑NU Ë«∞∑w √±Js ±FU∞π∑NU √±Js Ë«∞∑w •U∞∑NU •OY ±s ´KONU ´∏d «∞∑w «∞IDl 62 Ë•u«∞w √´Lb… ±s Ë√§e«¡ √´Lb… ´s ´∂U¸… Ë≥w «∞πd«≤OX Ë¢d±OLNU ≠w ±FLq «∞∑d±Or °LMDIW «∞LºdÕ «∞d˱U≤v °Ju «∞bØW. °Ju «∞d˱U≤v «∞LºdÕ °LMDIW «∞∑d±Or ±FLq ≠w Ë¢d±OLNU √§e«¡ ≈∞w °Uù{U≠W ±ºö‹ ±s Ë√§e«¡ «∞Nu‰ _°u ±ª∑Kn ¢L∏U‰ Ë´s √£d ±OUÁ «∞∂∫d ´Kw ¢Kp «∞IDl, ≠MEd« _Ê ≥cÁ «∞IDl ±s «∞IDl ≥cÁ _Ê ≠MEd« «∞IDl, ¢Kp ´Kw «∞∂∫d ±OUÁ √£d Ë´s 07 ±s √Ø∏d °FCNU Ë“Ê ¥∂Km ÆDFW) 21 (•u«∞w {ªLW ±FLU¸¥W ±u«œ ÅK∂W ±∏q «∞πd«≤OX Ë«∞Ju«¸¢e¥X ≠KIb ¢∫LKX ˧uœ≥U ¢∫X ˧uœ≥U ¢∫LKX ≠KIb Ë«∞Ju«¸¢e¥X «∞πd«≤OX ±∏q ÅK∂W ±u«œ ¢∫X √±∑U¸ 8-01 °Os ±U ¥∑d«ËÕ ´Lo ´Kw ¢dÆb ˧LOFNU ©s «∞LOUÁ ∞Jq ≥cÁ «∞H∑d… Ë∞Js ≤ö•k «î∑HU¡ ±FU∞r «∞u§uÁ °U∞Mº∂W «∞u§uÁ ±FU∞r «î∑HU¡ ≤ö•k Ë∞Js «∞H∑d… ≥cÁ ∞Jq «∞LOUÁ °Fi Ë°IU¥U «ùßJMb¸¥W ≠MU¸ °IU¥U °Fi ≥w «∞IDl Ë≥cÁ «∞LU¡. ËØc∞p «î∑HU¡ °Fi «∞MIu‘ Ë«∞eîU¸· ±s «∞Lºö‹, ±s Ë«∞eîU¸· «∞MIu‘ °Fi «î∑HU¡ ËØc∞p xnihpS ∞K‡ ¢u«¸¥a Ë¢∑HUË‹ «∞LMDIW. ¢Kp ≠w ÆUzLW ØU≤X «∞∑w «_îdÈ «∞L∂U≤w Ë–∞p _Ê «∞∂∫d Ë•dØW «_±u«Ã Ë«∞d±U‰ ËîUÅW ≠w ≠Bq «∞A∑U¡ ≠Bq ≠w ËîUÅW Ë«∞d±U‰ «_±u«Ã Ë•dØW «∞∂∫d _Ê Ë–∞p «∞Cªr «∞∑L∏U‰ ±∏q «∞DU°l °DKLOW ¥u≤U≤OW ÆDl °Os ±U «∞IDl ¢Kp

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«ü£U¸ «∞GU¸ÆW ≠w «ùßJMb¸¥W ≠w «∞GU¸ÆW «ü£U¸

√.œ. ´e‹ “Øw ÆUœË” “Øw ´e‹ √.œ. «ß∑U– «ü£U¸ «∞Ou≤U≤OW «∞d˱U≤OW - ØKOW «üœ«» - §U±FW «ùßJMb¸¥W §U±FW - «üœ«» ØKOW - «∞d˱U≤OW «∞Ou≤U≤OW «ü£U¸ «ß∑U–

«∞Gd°w ∞ûßJMb¸¥W Ë«Ø∑An ´b… √¸ÅHW ¨U¸ÆW ±s «∞LMOU¡ «∞Ib¥r. «∞LMOU¡ ±s ¨U¸ÆW √¸ÅHW ´b… Ë«Ø∑An ∞ûßJMb¸¥W «∞Gd°w «∞GU¸ÆW" "«ü£U¸ ±BDK` «ü£dÍ «∞ußj ≠w «_îOd… «üË≤W ≠w ™Nd ËØc∞p ≤Ad «_±Od ´Ld ©ußuÊ °Fi «∞IDl «∞∑w ˧b≥U ≠w îKOZ ≠w ˧b≥U «∞∑w «∞IDl °Fi ©ußuÊ ´Ld «_±Od ≤Ad ËØc∞p ´b… ≈∞w «ü£U¸ ≥cÁ ¨d‚ ≠w «∞º∂V Ë¥d§l «∞LGLu¸…" "«ü£U¸ √Ë √°w ÆOd ≠w ´U 3391 ˱MNU «∞d√” «∞ANOd ∞ûßJMb¸ «_Ø∂d ±s «_Ø∂d ∞ûßJMb¸ «∞ANOd «∞d√” ˱MNU 3391 ´U ≠w ÆOd √°w ±s ´b¥b… √§e«¡ ßIu◊ ≠w ¢∑º∂V «∞∑w «∞eô“‰ √≥LNU ´u«±q «∞dîU ˫∞L∫Huÿ ≠w «∞L∑∫n «∞Ou≤U≤w «∞d˱U≤w «ùßJMb¸¥W Ë≥w «ùßJMb¸¥W «∞d˱U≤w «∞Ou≤U≤w «∞L∑∫n ≠w Ë«∞L∫Huÿ «∞dîU «∞∫d«¸Í «_•∑∂U” ™U≥d… ËØc∞p «∞∂∫d ≈∞w «∞ºU•KOW «∞L∂U≤w ±s ©d«“ ≠Mw ≠d¥b. ≠Mw ©d«“ ±s «∞LOUÁ ±Mºu» “¥Uœ… ≈∞w «∞π∂U‰ ÆLr ≠u‚ «∞πKOb –Ë°UÊ ¥∑º∂V •OY ØUÊ √ˉ ±s ¢∫bÀ ´s ˧uœ ¬£U¸ ¨U¸ÆW ≠w ±MDIW ÆKFW ÆU¥∑∂UÈ ÆKFW ±MDIW ≠w ¨U¸ÆW ¬£U¸ ˧uœ ´s ¢∫bÀ ±s √ˉ ØUÊ ´s Ë¥MAQ «∞ºu«•q ´Kw «∞LOUÁ ©GOUÊ ≈∞w ¥RœÍ ±LU «∞∂∫U¸ ≠w °U∞LOMU¡ «∞AdÆw ∞ûßJMb¸¥W «∞Gu«’ «∞LBdÍ «∞d«•q ØU±q √°u ØU±q «∞d«•q «∞LBdÍ «∞Gu«’ ∞ûßJMb¸¥W «∞AdÆw °U∞LOMU¡ "≥Od«ØKOuÊ" ±b≤O∑w ≠w •bÀ ±∏KLU °QØLKNU ±bÊ ¨d‚ –∞p «∞ºFUœ«‹ ≠w ´U 1691•OY –Ød ≠w ¢Id¥d ∞t Æb±t ∞KL∑∫n Æb±t ∞t ¢Id¥d ≠w –Ød 1691•OY ´U ≠w «∞ºFUœ«‹ ÆOd. √°w îKOZ ±s °U∞Id» Ë"±MOu¢f" «∞Ou≤U≤w «∞d˱U≤w √≤t ®U≥b √£MU¡ ÆOU±t °U∞Gu’ ≠w ≥cÁ «∞LMDIW ≥cÁ ≠w °U∞Gu’ ÆOU±t √£MU¡ ®U≥b √≤t «∞d˱U≤w «∞Ou≤U≤w «∞IdÊ √Ë«zq ≈∞w «ùßJMb¸¥W ≠w «∞GU¸ÆW «ü£U¸ ÆBW Ë¢Fuœ «∞Fb¥b ±s «∞∑LU£Oq Ë«∞J∑q «∞∫πd¥W «∞GU¸ÆW Ë√≤t ÆU °dßr Ë¢∫b¥b °dßr ÆU Ë√≤t «∞GU¸ÆW «∞∫πd¥W Ë«∞J∑q «∞∑LU£Oq ±s «∞Fb¥b «∞LOMU¡ °∑ußFt §u≤b¥t «∞Hd≤ºw ÆU •OMLU 0191 ´U ≠w «∞FAd¥s ±u«Æl °Fi ¢Kp «∞IDl. Ë´Kw ≥c« «_ßU” ≠Ib «_ßU” ≥c« Ë´Kw «∞IDl. ¢Kp °Fi ±u«Æl ÆU °Fi «∞Gu«ÅOs ±s «∞Iu«‹ «∞∂∫d¥W «∞LBd¥W «∞∂∫d¥W «∞Iu«‹ ±s «∞Gu«ÅOs °Fi ÆU ≠w ´U 3691 °U≤∑AU‰ ¢L∏U‰ {ªr ±s {ªr ¢L∏U‰ °U≤∑AU‰ 3691 ´U ≠w «∞πd«≤OX ∞ºOb… °Du‰ 8 ±∑d ËË“Ê 52 ©s, Ë≥u ©s, 52 ËË“Ê ±∑d 8 °Du‰ ∞ºOb… «∞πd«≤OX «∞Lu§uœ •U∞OU °U∞L∑∫n «∞∂∫dÍ Ë«∞cÍ ØMU Ë«∞cÍ «∞∂∫dÍ °U∞L∑∫n •U∞OU «∞Lu§uœ ≤F∑Ib √≤t ¢L∏U‰ ∞û∞NW «∞LBd¥W ≈¥e¥f ≈ô √≤t ≈ô ≈¥e¥f «∞LBd¥W ∞û∞NW ¢L∏U‰ √≤t ≤F∑Ib «üÊ «_¸§` √≤t ¢L∏U‰ ∞e˧W √•b «∞∂DU∞LW √•b ∞e˧W ¢L∏U‰ √≤t «_¸§` «üÊ (¨U∞∂U °DKLOu” «∞∏U≤w) ±Bu¸… ´Kw ≥OμW «ù∞NW ≥OμW ´Kw ±Bu¸… «∞∏U≤w) °DKLOu” (¨U∞∂U ≈¥e¥f, Ë´Kw –∞p ¢JuÊ ÅU•∂W «∞∑L∏U‰ «∞LKJW «∞∑L∏U‰ ÅU•∂W ¢JuÊ –∞p Ë´Kw ≈¥e¥f, ≈¸ßOMuÍ «∞∏U≤OW. ≈¸ßOMuÍ Ë±Mc –∞p «∞∑U¸¥a ¢LX ±∫UËô‹ ÆKOKW ±s Æ∂q ±s ÆKOKW ±∫UËô‹ ¢LX «∞∑U¸¥a –∞p ˱Mc °Fi «_£d¥Os ôØ∑AU· «∞Le¥b •u‰ ≥c« «∞LuÆl ≥c« •u‰ «∞Le¥b ôØ∑AU· «_£d¥Os °Fi ±∏KLU •bÀ ≠w ´U 8691 •Os ÆU±X «∞FU∞LW ÆU±X •Os 8691 ´U ≠w •bÀ ±∏KLU «ù≤πKOe¥W √Ë≤d ≠dËßX °LBU•∂W ØU±q √°u ØU±q °LBU•∂W ≠dËßX √Ë≤d «ù≤πKOe¥W «∞ºFUœ«‹ °U∞Gu’ ≠w «∞LMDIW Ë¢ºπOq 71 Ë¢ºπOq «∞LMDIW ≠w °U∞Gu’ «∞ºFUœ«‹ ÆDFW ±s «∞πd«≤OX ±U °Os ¢LU£Oq √°v «∞Nu‰ √°v ¢LU£Oq °Os ±U «∞πd«≤OX ±s ÆDFW Ë°Fi «_´Lb… Ë«∞Iu«´b Ë∞Js «_±d ∞r ¥∑Fb ∞r «_±d Ë∞Js Ë«∞Iu«´b «_´Lb… Ë°Fi ±πdœ «∞∑ºπOq Ë«∞uÅn «∞L∂ºj. Ë«∞uÅn «∞∑ºπOq ±πdœ Ë≠w ´U 4991 °b√‹ «∞∂F∏W «∞Hd≤ºOW «∞∑U°FW «∞Hd≤ºOW «∞∂F∏W °b√‹ 4991 ´U Ë≠w ∞KLdØe «∞Hd≤ºw ∞b¸«ßU‹ «ùßJMb¸¥W °dzUßW «ùßJMb¸¥W ∞b¸«ßU‹ «∞Hd≤ºw ∞KLdØe §UÊ ≈¥n √±∂d¥d °FLq √ˉ ±º` √£dÍ œÆOo √£dÍ ±º` √ˉ °FLq √±∂d¥d ≈¥n §UÊ ∞KLMDIW °Uß∑ªb«Â √§Ne… ÆOU” «∞Iu… ÆOU” √§Ne… °Uß∑ªb«Â ∞KLMDIW –«‹ œ¸§U‹ –«‹ sretemongaM «∞LGMU©OºOW •ºUßOW ´U∞OW, Ë¢F∑Lb ´Kw ≥cÁ «∞Dd¥IW ´Kw «∞Dd¥IW ≥cÁ ´Kw Ë¢F∑Lb ´U∞OW, •ºUßOW ÆOU” «∞LπU‰ «∞LGMU©Oºw «_¸{w «∞B‡‡Uœ¸ «_¸{w «∞LGMU©Oºw «∞LπU‰ ÆOU” ±s ÆUŸ «∞∂∫d, Øc∞p ¢r «ß∑ª‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡b«Â ≤EU «ß∑ª‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡b«Â ¢r Øc∞p «∞∂∫d, ÆUŸ ±s «∞∑uƇ‡‡‡Ol «∞L‡‡‡‡‡‡ºU•w «∞LF‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡dË· °Ußr «∞LF‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡dË· «∞L‡‡‡‡‡‡ºU•w «∞∑uƇ‡‡‡Ol ) SPG ( labolG gninoitisoP metsyS ≠w ¢∫b¥b ±u«Æl §LOl «∞IDl Ë«_¸ÅHW «∞IDl §LOl ±u«Æl ¢∫b¥b ≠w Ë«∞LMU©o «_£d¥W «∞∑w ¢r «∞JAn ´MNU ¢∫X ´MNU «∞JAn ¢r «∞∑w «_£d¥W Ë«∞LMU©o ±OUÁ «∞LOMU¡ «∞AdÆw ∞ûßJMb¸¥W. «∞AdÆw «∞LOMU¡ ±OUÁ ËÆb √ßHd «∞Lº` «_£dÍ ´s ¢∫b¥b ±uÆl Ë≤uŸ ±uÆl ¢∫b¥b ´s «_£dÍ «∞Lº` √ßHd ËÆb 0052 ÆDFW √£d¥W ±ª∑KHW ±U °Os √±Hu¸«‹ °Os ±U ±ª∑KHW √£d¥W ÆDFW 0052

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> °Fi «∞∫U¸«‹ ØU≤X ¢∑ªc √ßu«ÆU ¢∑ªc ØU≤X «∞∫U¸«‹ °Fi > ±∑ªBBW Ë´KOt ≠JU≤X ¢ºLv °Fi ¢ºLv ≠JU≤X Ë´KOt ±∑ªBBW «∞∫U¸«‹ √Ë «∞ªDj °QßLU¡ •d· °QßLU¡ «∞ªDj √Ë «∞∫U¸«‹ ßJU≤NU . ßJU≤NU > ¢Il œ«¸ «∞BMU´W ≈±U œ«îq «∞Lb¥MW œ«îq ≈±U «∞BMU´W œ«¸ ¢Il > √Ë îU¸Ã √ßu«¸≥U , Ë∞JMNU ±d¢∂DW Ë∞JMNU , √ßu«¸≥U îU¸Ã √Ë °U∞Dd¥o «∞∑πU¸Í «∞dzOºw ∞KLb¥MW . ∞KLb¥MW «∞dzOºw «∞∑πU¸Í °U∞Dd¥o > ¥F∑∂d «∞LBKv ¨Od ±∑Bq °LdØe ±∑Bq ¨Od «∞LBKv ¥F∑∂d > «∞Lb¥MW Ë≤DUÆNU «∞FLd«≤w , ˨U∞∂U , «∞FLd«≤w Ë≤DUÆNU «∞Lb¥MW ¥JuÊ îU¸Ã √ßu«¸ «∞Lb¥MW , √Ë œ«îq √Ë , «∞Lb¥MW √ßu«¸ îU¸Ã ¥JuÊ ´s «∞FLd«Ê °NU . °NU «∞FLd«Ê ´s Î Ë°FOb« «_ßu«¸ Ë°c∞p ¥LJs «ß∑M∑Uà √Ê «∞IUzb √Ê «ß∑M∑Uà ¥LJs Ë°c∞p §u≥d ´Mb ¢ªDODt ∞Lb¥MW «∞IU≥d… ∞Lb¥MW ¢ªDODt ´Mb §u≥d «≤AQ ©d¥o ±LU£q ∞KDd¥o «_´Er ∞KDd¥o ±LU£q ©d¥o «≤AQ «∞d˱U≤w Ë√Å∂` –∞p ≥u «∞Dd¥o ≥u –∞p Ë√Å∂` «∞d˱U≤w «∞LL∑b «∞cÍ ¥d°j «∞IU≥d… °U∞IDUzl «∞IU≥d… ¥d°j «∞cÍ «∞LL∑b Ë«∞FºJd Ë«∞HºDU◊, Ë≈Ê «∞Dd¥o Ë≈Ê Ë«∞HºDU◊, Ë«∞FºJd «∞Fd{w ≥u ±U ¥d°j «∞IU≥d… °MNd «∞IU≥d… ¥d°j ±U ≥u «∞Fd{w «∞MOq •OY «∞LOMU¡ «∞∑πU¸Í "«∞LIf". «∞∑πU¸Í «∞LOMU¡ •OY «∞MOq Ë´Mb ¢D∂Oo ≥cÁ «∞ªBUzh «∞LLOe… «∞ªBUzh ≥cÁ ¢D∂Oo Ë´Mb ∞Au«¸Ÿ «∞LbÊ «ùßö±OW ¥LJs ¢Bu¸ ¥LJs «ùßö±OW «∞LbÊ ∞Au«¸Ÿ ´öÆW «∞Au«¸Ÿ ØFMBd √ßUßw ØFMBd «∞Au«¸Ÿ ´öÆW °∑ªDOj «∞IU≥d… ´Mb ≈≤AUzNU ≠w ≈≤AUzNU ´Mb «∞IU≥d… °∑ªDOj «∞FBd «∞HU©Lw, (®Jq ¸Ær 6). ¸Ær (®Jq «∞HU©Lw, «∞FBd ˱s œ¸«ßW ≤AQ… «∞AU¸Ÿ «∞Du∞w «∞AU¸Ÿ ≤AQ… œ¸«ßW ˱s ∞Lb¥MW «∞IU≥d… «∞HU©LOW Ë¢Q£d §u≥d Ë¢Q£d «∞HU©LOW «∞IU≥d… ∞Lb¥MW Ë«∞LFe °LU ¸√¥UÁ ≠w ≈≠d¥IOU «∞ALU∞OW ≈≠d¥IOU ≠w ¸√¥UÁ °LU Ë«∞LFe Ë«_≤b∞f ±s îBUzh ±LOe… îBUzh ±s Ë«_≤b∞f ∞K∑ªDOj «∞d˱U≤w : «∞d˱U≤w ∞K∑ªDOj ≤ö•k √Ê ¢ªDOj «∞IU≥d… «•∑Hk «∞IU≥d… ¢ªDOj √Ê ≤ö•k °∑Kp «∞ªBUzh «∞LLOe… ∞∑ªDOj «∞LLOe… «∞ªBUzh °∑Kp ¢Kp «∞LbÊ ±s •OY «∞NOJq «∞FU «∞NOJq •OY ±s «∞LbÊ ¢Kp «∞ªU¸§w «∞LJuÊ ±s «_ßu«‚ ±s «∞LJuÊ «∞ªU¸§w Ë«∞∂u«°U‹ Ë√¥CU ±FEr «∞FMUÅd ±FEr Ë√¥CU Ë«∞∂u«°U‹ «∞LJu≤W ∞KLb¥MW, Ë∞Js «∞∑u“¥l «∞b«îKw «∞∑u“¥l Ë∞Js ∞KLb¥MW, «∞LJu≤W ∞FMUÅd «∞Lb¥MW ∞r ¥Js ´Kv ≤Hf ´Kv ¥Js ∞r «∞Lb¥MW ∞FMUÅd «∞MNZ Ë«_ßKu» «∞L∑∂l ≠w °UÆw «∞LbÊ ∞úß∂U» «ü¢OW : «ü¢OW ∞úß∂U» «∞LbÊ °UÆw ≠w «∞L∑∂l Ë«_ßKu» «∞MNZ > «∞∑FKOLU‹ «∞Lu§W ±s «∞ªKOHW ∞KIUzb §u≥d °S≤AU¡ ±b¥MW ¢JuÊ ±b¥MW °S≤AU¡ §u≥d ∞KIUzb «∞ªKOHW ±s «∞Lu§W «∞∑FKOLU‹ > ∞KHºDU◊ °L∏U°W «∞LMBu¸¥W ∞KIOdË«Ê . ∞KIOdË«Ê «∞LMBu¸¥W °L∏U°W ∞KHºDU◊ > ≈≤AU¡ ±b¥MW ∞∑JuÊ ±Id« ∞KªKOHW Ë•d¥Lt Ë√±d«ƒÁ Ë√¢∂U´t Ë°LFe‰ Ë√¢∂U´t Ë√±d«ƒÁ Ë•d¥Lt ∞KªKOHW ±Id« ∞∑JuÊ ±b¥MW ≈≤AU¡ > ´s «∞AFV . «∞AFV ´s ∞dœ «∞Id«±DW ´s ±b¥MW ±Bd ±b¥MW ´s «∞Id«±DW ∞dœ Î •BOMU Î ±FIö ¢JuÊ ±b¥MW ≈≤AU¡ > «∞HºDU◊

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«∞∑ªDOj «∞d˱U≤w ±s •OY ˧uœ •OY ±s «∞d˱U≤w «∞∑ªDOj ®U¸´Os ¸zOºOOs ¥IºLUÊ «∞Lb¥MW ¥IºLUÊ ¸zOºOOs ®U¸´Os ≠w «ô¢πU≥Os «∞Du∞w Ë«∞Fd{w . Ë«∞Fd{w «∞Du∞w «ô¢πU≥Os ≠w Ë∞Ib ØUÊ ∞KIUzb §u≥d ¢FKOLU‹ ±s ¢FKOLU‹ §u≥d ∞KIUzb ØUÊ Ë∞Ib «∞IUzb «∞LFe °QÊ ¥MAT ±b¥MW ¢JuÊ ±b¥MW ¥MAT °QÊ «∞LFe «∞IUzb ∞KHºDU◊ °L∏U°W «∞LMBu¸¥W °L∏U°W ∞KHºDU◊ ∞KIOdË«Ê , Ë¥ö•k ±U –ØdÁ «∞∂JdÍ –ØdÁ ±U Ë¥ö•k , ∞KIOdË«Ê " ±s √Ê °U°Os ±s √°u«» ±b¥MW √°u«» ±s °U°Os √Ê ±s " «∞LMBu¸¥W ØUÊ ¥DKo ´Kv «•b≥LU ´Kv ¥DKo ØUÊ «∞LMBu¸¥W °U» “Ë¥KW Ë«∞∏U≤w °U» «∞H∑uÕ , ËÆb , «∞H∑uÕ °U» Ë«∞∏U≤w “Ë¥KW °U» √©Ko ≥c«Ê «ôßLUÊ ´Kv °U°Os ±s °U°Os ´Kv «ôßLUÊ ≥c«Ê √©Ko √°u«» ßu¸ «∞IU≥d… «∞HU©LOW «∞IU≥d… ßu¸ √°u«» "˧U¡‹ ¢Q£Od«‹ «∞FLU¸… «_≤b∞ºOW «∞FLU¸… ¢Q£Od«‹ "˧U¡‹ ®LU∞w √ß∂U≤OU ˧Mu» ≠d≤ºU, ˧Mu» √ß∂U≤OU ®LU∞w Ë«≤DKIX ≤∫u «∞LAd‚ , ≠∑GKGKX , «∞LAd‚ ≤∫u Ë«≤DKIX ≠w ≤Er «∞FLU¸… «∞ºUzb… ≠w °öœ ≠w «∞ºUzb… «∞FLU¸… ≤Er ≠w «∞LGd» ˱Bd". «∞LGd» «∞ªBUzh «∞LLOe… ∞FöÆW «∞LLOe… «∞ªBUzh «∞Au«¸Ÿ °∑ªDOj «∞LbÊ °∑ªDOj «∞Au«¸Ÿ «_≤b∞ºOW ( ®Jq ¸Ær 5 ) : ) 5 ¸Ær ®Jq ( ´Kv ®Jq ´Kv °Qßu«¸ «∞Lb¥MW ≈•U©W > ±d°l √Ë ±∑u«“Í ±º∑DOö‹ ±∑u«“Í √Ë ±d°l ˨U∞∂O∑NU ±u«“¥W ∞KπNU‹ «_¸°l ∞KπNU‹ ±u«“¥W ˨U∞∂O∑NU «_ÅKOW , Ë¢H∑` °NU ´b… √°u«» ´b… °NU Ë¢H∑` , «_ÅKOW ±∑IU°KW . ±∑IU°KW > ˧uœ ®U¸´Os ¸zOºOOs ®U¸´Os ˧uœ > ±∑IU©FOs ¥∫bœ« ±b«îq ˱ªU¸Ã ±b«îq ¥∫bœ« ±∑IU©FOs «∞Lb¥MW Ë∞NLU ´öÆW ¸zOºOW °∫dØW ¸zOºOW ´öÆW Ë∞NLU «∞Lb¥MW «∞∑πU¸… Ë«∞∑d«°j °Os «∞Lb¥MW °Os Ë«∞∑d«°j «∞∑πU¸… Ë«∞Dd¥o «∞dzOºw «∞LRœÈ ≈∞ONU «∞LRœÈ «∞dzOºw Ë«∞Dd¥o ßu«¡ ©d¥o °dÈ √Ë °∫dÍ √Ë ≤NdÈ √Ë °∫dÍ √Ë °dÈ ©d¥o ßu«¡ Ë¥d°j «∞Lb¥MW °∂UÆw «∞LbÊ °∂UÆw «∞Lb¥MW Ë¥d°j «∞LπU˸… ∞NU . ∞NU «∞LπU˸… > ´Mb ¢IU°q «∞AU¸´Os ¥∑u«§b «∞AU¸´Os ¢IU°q ´Mb > ±dØe «∞Lb¥MW «∞cÍ ¥A∑Lq ´Kv «∞Lºπb «∞πU±l Ë«∞IBd ˸•∂W Ë«∞IBd «∞πU±l «∞Lºπb ´Kv ¥A∑Lq «∞cÍ «∞Lb¥MW ±dØe ±b¥MW °Os «ô¢BU‰ ´MBd ≥u «∞AU¸Ÿ ≥c« «±∑b«œ Ë≈Ê , ´LdË Ë«ßFW ¢Cr ≈±U «∞IOºU¸¥W √Ë ≠Mb‚ ¥IBbÁ «∞∑πU¸ «∞Gd°U¡ Ë¢∫Hk «∞Gd°U¡ «∞∑πU¸ ¥IBbÁ ≠Mb‚ √Ë «∞IOºU¸¥W ≈±U ¢Cr Ë«ßFW . «∞IDUzl ∞Lb¥MW «_´Er Ë«∞AU¸Ÿ Ë«∞FºJd «∞HºDU◊ ≠Ot «∞∂CUzl , Ë" «∞IOºU¸¥W ¢Cr ®u«¸Ÿ {OIW ±ºIu≠W ≠w √´ö≥U ≠w ±ºIu≠W {OIW ®u«¸Ÿ ¢Cr «∞IOºU¸¥W Ë" , «∞∂CUzl ≠Ot «±∑b«œ √Ê •OY ©u∞uÊ ®U¸Ÿ ≥u «∞IDUzl ∞Lb¥MW «_´Er «∞AU¸Ÿ > , ¢H∑` œ«îKNU ËîU¸§NU •u«≤OX ˱∑U§d ¢∫X √Æu«” ±HBBW √Æu«” ¢∫X ˱∑U§d •u«≤OX ËîU¸§NU œ«îKNU ¢H∑` , . «∞IU≥d… ÆB∂W ≥u «∞AU¸Ÿ ≥c« ˱Jºu… °U∞HºOHºU¡ Ë«∞eîU¸· «∞πBOW , Ë¢Iu ≥cÁ «_Æu«” ≥cÁ Ë¢Iu , «∞πBOW Ë«∞eîU¸· °U∞HºOHºU¡ ˱Jºu… ´Kv √´Lb… ¸îU±OW ¸®OIW ". ¸®OIW ¸îU±OW √´Lb… ´Kv «∞FBd •∑v Ë«ß∑Ld‹ «∞HºDU◊ ±b¥MW ≠w «∞IOUßd ≤AQ… °b√‹ > «∞LLKuØw °NU ËØU≤X ±d¢∂DW °U∞AU¸Ÿ «∞∑πU¸Í ØFMBd √ßUßw ≠w √ßUßw ØFMBd «∞∑πU¸Í °U∞AU¸Ÿ ±d¢∂DW ËØU≤X °NU «∞LLKuØw > ¥F∑∂d «∞AU¸´UÊ «∞dzOºOUÊ ≥LU ±∫u¸« ¢Ju¥s «∞ªDj «∞ºJMOW «∞ªDj ¢Ju¥s ±∫u¸« ≥LU «∞dzOºOUÊ «∞AU¸´UÊ ¥F∑∂d > Ë¢AJOö¢NU ´LU¸¢NU Ë«¸¢∂DX «∞∑πU¸Í °U∞AU¸Ÿ Ë¢Q£d‹ , «∞ºu‚ √Ë «∞∫u±U‹, •OY ¥∑HdŸ ±MNLU œ¸Ë» Ë•U¸«‹ Ë√“ÆW ∞NU °u«°U‹ . °u«°U‹ ∞NU Ë√“ÆW Ë•U¸«‹ œ¸Ë» ±MNLU ¥∑HdŸ •OY «∞∫u±U‹, √Ë . °NU > ¢M∑Ad «∞∫u«≤OX Ë«_ßu«‚ •u‰ ¸•∂W «∞Lºπb «∞πU±l Ë≠v ≈¢πUÁ Ë≠v «∞πU±l «∞Lºπb ¸•∂W •u‰ Ë«_ßu«‚ «∞∫u«≤OX ¢M∑Ad > «∞LbÊ °∑ªDOj «∞IU≥d… Ë¢ªDOj ¢Ju¥s ¢Q£d 4. «∞AU¸Ÿ «_´Er √Ë «∞IB∂W , ˱Ju≤W ±πLu´W ±s «_ßu«‚ ±s ±πLu´W ˱Ju≤W , «∞IB∂W √Ë «_´Er «∞AU¸Ÿ «_≤b∞ºOW «∞L∑ªBBW ≠w ≤u´OW «∞ºKFW «∞u«•b… , Ë¢d°DNU ´öÆW °U_ßu«‚ ´öÆW Ë¢d°DNU , «∞u«•b… «∞ºKFW ≤u´OW ≠w «∞L∑ªBBW «∞LπU˸… ∞NU . ∞NU «∞LπU˸… «∞LFe Ë«∞ªKOHW §u≥d «∞IUzb ´Bd ≠w «∞IU≥d… ¢ªDOj √Ê ¥AFd °∑Q£d≥LU °LU ¸√¥UÁ ≠w ≈≠d¥IOU «∞ALU∞OW Ë«_≤b∞f ±s Ë«_≤b∞f «∞ALU∞OW ≈≠d¥IOU ≠w ¸√¥UÁ °LU °∑Q£d≥LU ¥AFd

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3. ¢Ju¥s «∞AU¸Ÿ «∞∑πU¸Í «∞AU¸Ÿ ¢Ju¥s 3. °Lb¥MW «∞IDUzl Ë´öÆ∑t «∞IDUzl °Lb¥MW °U∞IOºU¸¥W ∞r ¥cØd ±U ¥b‰ ´Kv ˧uœ ´Kv ¥b‰ ±U ¥cØd ∞r ±dØe¥W _ßu«‚ ±b¥MW «∞IDUzl , «∞IDUzl ±b¥MW _ßu«‚ ±dØe¥W Ë∞Js –Ød √Ê ±Ob«Ê ≠ºO` ¥HBq ≠ºO` ±Ob«Ê √Ê –Ød Ë∞Js °Os ÆBd «°s ©u∞uÊ Ë°Os «∞πU±l Ë°Os ©u∞uÊ «°s ÆBd °Os Ëœ«¸ «ù±U¸… , " ËØUÊ ¥ª∑d‚ ËØUÊ " , «ù±U¸… Ëœ«¸ «∞Lb¥MW ®U¸Ÿ Ø∂Od ¥Bq °Os ÆBd °Os ¥Bq Ø∂Od ®U¸Ÿ «∞Lb¥MW «°s ©u∞uÊ Ë§U±FW ¥ºLv «∞AU¸Ÿ ¥ºLv ˧U±FW ©u∞uÊ «°s «_´Er «∞cÍ ØUÊ ¥ª∑d‚ ßU±d« ¥ª∑d‚ ØUÊ «∞cÍ «_´Er Ë¥Bq °Os ÆBd «∞∂KJu¸« ˧U±l «∞∂KJu¸« ÆBd °Os Ë¥Bq √°v œ∞n " . " œ∞n √°v Ë–Ød ´Kv °U®U ±∂U¸„ ≠w «∞ªDj ≠w ±∂U¸„ °U®U ´Kv Ë–Ød «∞∑u≠OIOW ´Mb «∞Jö ´s ®U¸Ÿ ´s «∞Jö ´Mb «∞∑u≠OIOW ©u∞uÊ ËÆOºU¸¥W «∞πU±l «∞Du∞u≤w «∞πU±l ËÆOºU¸¥W ©u∞uÊ " –Ød «∞LId¥eÍ ≠w ¢d§LW ≠w «∞LId¥eÍ –Ød " ÆOºU¸¥W «∞πU±l «∞Du∞u≤w √Ê ≥cÁ √Ê «∞Du∞u≤w «∞πU±l ÆOºU¸¥W «∞IOºU¸¥W ØUÊ ±uÆFNU ≠w «∞Ib¥r ≠w ±uÆFNU ØUÊ «∞IOºU¸¥W ±s §LKW œ«¸ «ù±U¸… ËØUÊ ¥ªdà ËØUÊ «ù±U¸… œ«¸ §LKW ±s ±MNU ≈∞v «∞πU±l ±s °U» ≠w °U» ±s «∞πU±l ≈∞v ±MNU §b«¸Á «∞I∂Kw, ≠KLU îd°X ÅU¸‹ îd°X ≠KLU «∞I∂Kw, §b«¸Á ßU•W √¸÷. ≠Ld ≠ONU «∞IU{w ≠ONU ≠Ld √¸÷. ßU•W Ë´Ld ÆOºU¸¥W ≠w ßMW îLºOs ßMW ≠w ÆOºU¸¥W Ë´Ld Ëß∂FLUzW.. ≠JLq ≠ONU £ö£uÊ ≠ONU ≠JLq Ëß∂FLUzW.. •U≤u¢U... Ë≠v ßMW £LU≤w ´Ad £LU≤w ßMW Ë≠v •U≤u¢U... Ë£LU≤LUzW √≤AQ≥U ÆU{v «∞ICU… ÆU{v √≤AQ≥U Ë£LU≤LUzW ÆOºU¸¥W √îdÈ ≠d¨V «∞MU” ≠w «∞MU” ≠d¨V √îdÈ ÆOºU¸¥W ßJMU≥U" Ë–Ød ±∂U¸„ √Ê ±∫KNU √Ê ±∂U¸„ Ë–Ød ßJMU≥U" «∞bØUØOs «∞∑w ´Kv ¥LMW «∞LU¸ °Nc« «∞LU¸ ¥LMW ´Kv «∞∑w «∞bØUØOs «∞AU¸Ÿ ´Mb °U» «∞πU±l. °U» ´Mb «∞AU¸Ÿ ØLU –Ød «∞ºªUËÈ ≈≤t ´U 548 ´U ≈≤t «∞ºªUËÈ –Ød ØLU ≥πd¥W ¥u§b ÆOºU¸¥W ≈°s «∞MIU‘ ≈°s ÆOºU¸¥W ¥u§b ≥πd¥W ËÆOºU¸¥W «∞ªU“≤b«¸ °πu«¸ §U±l °πu«¸ «∞ªU“≤b«¸ ËÆOºU¸¥W «°s ©u∞uÊ, ËÆOºU¸¥W «∞∂e °LBd «∞∂e ËÆOºU¸¥W ©u∞uÊ, «°s °πu«¸ ßu‚ «∞∂e«“¥s . «∞∂e«“¥s ßu‚ °πu«¸ ØLU –Ød ´Kv °U®U ±∂U¸„ ≠w ±∂U¸„ °U®U ´Kv –Ød ØLU Ø∂Od… Î ßuÆU «∞∑u≠OIOW «∞ªDj Ë≈•bÈ ´Ad ËØU∞W °AU¸Ÿ «°s °AU¸Ÿ ËØU∞W ´Ad Ë≈•bÈ ©u∞uÊ Ë≥v •ºV «∞∑dÆOr «∞u«¸œ «∞∑dÆOr •ºV Ë≥v ©u∞uÊ °U∞ªd¥DW ( ®Jq ¸Ær 4 ) : ) 4 ¸Ær ®Jq ( °U∞ªd¥DW ˱s îö‰ ≥c« «∞Fd÷ ≥c« îö‰ ˱s ¥LJs «ß∑M∑Uà ±U ¥Kw : ¥Kw ±U «ß∑M∑Uà ¥LJs > «Ø∑ºV «∞AU¸Ÿ «∞∑πU¸Í ( “ÆU‚ ( «∞∑πU¸Í «∞AU¸Ÿ «Ø∑ºV > √Ë ßu‚ «∞IMUœ¥q ) √≥LO∑t ô“œ¥Uœ √≥LO∑t ) «∞IMUœ¥q ßu‚ √Ë «∞∫dØW «∞∑πU¸¥W ≠w ±b¥MW ≠w «∞∑πU¸¥W «∞∫dØW «∞HºDU◊ ËîUÅW °U_ßu«‚ «∞∑w °U_ßu«‚ ËîUÅW «∞HºDU◊ ¢Il ≠w «∞πNW «∞AdÆOW ±s §U±l ±s «∞AdÆOW «∞πNW ≠w ¢Il

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Ë¥∑Bq ≥c« «∞ºu‚ °U∞Dd‚ «∞Hd´OW ±Ju≤W «∞Hd´OW °U∞Dd‚ «∞ºu‚ ≥c« Ë¥∑Bq ¸•∂W ÅGOd… ´Kv ±Id°W ±MNU ±MNU ßu¥IW ±MNU ±MNU ±Id°W ´Kv ÅGOd… ¸•∂W œ«¸ «∞Hdà Ëßu¥IW ØMUzf √°v ®Muœ… . ®Muœ… √°v ØMUzf Ëßu¥IW «∞Hdà œ«¸ √≥r «∞ºLU‹ «∞∑ªDODOW ∞LMDIW «∞∑ªDODOW «∞ºLU‹ √≥r «∞HºDU◊ «∞∑πU¸¥W Ë´öÆ∑NU «∞∑πU¸¥W «∞HºDU◊ °Mu´OU‹ «_ßu«‚ °Mu´OU‹ > ¢u«§b‹ «_ßu«‚ «∞LRÆ∑W ≠w «∞ºU•U‹ ≠w «∞LRÆ∑W «_ßu«‚ ¢u«§b‹ > «∞FLd«≤OW «∞LH∑u•W , Ë≥v ≤uŸ ±s ≤uŸ Ë≥v , «∞LH∑u•W «∞FLd«≤OW «_ßu«‚ «∞∑w ØU≤X ¢IU °BHW ±RÆ∑W ≠w ±RÆ∑W °BHW ¢IU ØU≤X «∞∑w «_ßu«‚ ±u«Æl ¢πLFU‹ «∞MU” •u‰ ±MUß∂W °FOMNU ±MUß∂W •u‰ «∞MU” ¢πLFU‹ ±u«Æl , ßu«¡ ≠w ±u«Æl «∞FLq ±s «§q «∞∂MU¡ «§q ±s «∞FLq ±u«Æl ≠w ßu«¡ , √Ë ≠w «ô•∑HUô‹ «∞b¥MOW √Ë √¥U «∞πLl √¥U √Ë «∞b¥MOW «ô•∑HUô‹ ≠w √Ë , Ë≥c« ≥u ß∂V ¢u«§b≥U ≠w «∞Ld•KW ≠w ¢u«§b≥U ß∂V ≥u Ë≥c« , «_Ë∞v Ë«∞∏U≤OW Ë«∞∏U∞∏W Ë«î∑HUzNU ≠w Ë«î∑HUzNU Ë«∞∏U∞∏W Ë«∞∏U≤OW «_Ë∞v «∞Ld•KW «∞d«°FW , •OY ≤ö•k √Ê ¢d«°j √Ê ≤ö•k •OY , «∞d«°FW «∞Ld•KW «_ßu«‚ «∞LRÆ∑W °U∞ºU•U‹ ´MNU ≠w ´MNU °U∞ºU•U‹ «∞LRÆ∑W «_ßu«‚ «∞d•U» ±U ¥FKq Ø∏d… «_ßu«‚ «∞LRÆ∑W «_ßu«‚ Ø∏d… ¥FKq ±U «∞d•U» °U∞ºU•W «∞πb¥b… ≠w «∞Ld•KW «∞∏U≤OW «∞Ld•KW ≠w «∞πb¥b… °U∞ºU•W ´MNU ≠w ¸•∂W §U±l ´LdË . ´LdË §U±l ¸•∂W ≠w ´MNU > ¢Ju≤X «∞ºu¥IW œ«îq •Oe ÅGOd ¨Od ÅGOd •Oe œ«îq «∞ºu¥IW ¢Ju≤X > ±∑Bq °U∞∫Oe «∞Lº∑Ld ∞KAU¸Ÿ «∞∑πU¸Í, ∞KAU¸Ÿ «∞Lº∑Ld °U∞∫Oe ±∑Bq Ë≥v «±∑b«œ ∞úßu«‚ «∞LRÆ∑W Ë∞Js ¢F∑∂d Ë∞Js «∞LRÆ∑W ∞úßu«‚ «±∑b«œ Ë≥v œ«zLW Ë≥u ±U ¥FKq ¢u«§b≥U ≠w «∞Ld•KW ≠w ¢u«§b≥U ¥FKq ±U Ë≥u œ«zLW «∞d«°FW °Fb «î∑HU¡ «_ßu«‚ «∞LRÆ∑W, «_ßu«‚ «î∑HU¡ °Fb «∞d«°FW Ë«¸¢∂U©NU °U∞b˸ «∞L∫ODW °NU ≥u ß∂V ≥u °NU «∞L∫ODW °U∞b˸ Ë«¸¢∂U©NU ¢ºLO∑NU °ºu¥IW œ«¸ ≠dà √Ë ßu¥IW œ«¸ ßu¥IW √Ë ≠dà œ«¸ °ºu¥IW ¢ºLO∑NU §u≥d √Ë ßu¥IW ØMUzf √°v ®Muœ… . ®Muœ… √°v ØMUzf ßu¥IW √Ë §u≥d > ¢Ju≤X «_ßu«‚ «∞L∑ªBBW √Ë ¨Od √Ë «∞L∑ªBBW «_ßu«‚ ¢Ju≤X > «∞L∑ªBBW ´Mb ¢u«≠d ´MBd «∞∫dØW ´MBd ¢u«≠d ´Mb «∞L∑ªBBW Ë«∞∫Oe «∞Lº∑Ld «∞Lözr «∞LMAQ ≠Ot . ≠Ot «∞LMAQ «∞Lözr «∞Lº∑Ld Ë«∞∫Oe ®Jq ¸Ær (3) ¢ªDOj ±dØe ±b¥MW «∞HºDU◊ ±b¥MW ±dØe ¢ªDOj (3) ¸Ær ®Jq > ¢u«§b «_ßu«‚ «∞∂ºODW ≠w «∞Ld•KW ≠w «∞∂ºODW «_ßu«‚ ¢u«§b > «_Ë∞v Ë«∞∏U≤OW •OY «∞∫Oe «∞J∂Od °Os «∞J∂Od «∞∫Oe •OY Ë«∞∏U≤OW «_Ë∞v «∞πU±l Ë«∞MºOZ «∞FLd«≤w ∞KªDj «∞FLd«≤w Ë«∞MºOZ «∞πU±l «∞ºJMOW Ë≤∑OπW ∞e¥Uœ… «∞∫dØW ≠w «∞∫dØW ∞e¥Uœ… Ë≤∑OπW «∞ºJMOW °eÆU‚ «∞IMUœ¥q - «∞cÍ «•∑uÈ °Fb –∞p ´Kv –∞p °Fb «•∑uÈ «∞cÍ - «∞IMUœ¥q °eÆU‚ Î îUÅU «∞∏U∞∏W «∞Ld•KW > √±U «∞πNW «∞AdÆOW ≠Mπb “ÆU‚ «∞IMUœ¥q «∞cÍ √©Ko ´KOt ßu‚ ´KOt √©Ko «∞cÍ «∞IMUœ¥q “ÆU‚ ≠Mπb «∞AdÆOW «∞πNW √±U > °U∞AU¸Ÿ Î ≈•ºUßU √´Dv Ë«∞IOUßd Ë«∞d°UŸ Ë«∞HMUœ‚ «∞Cd» œ«¸ «∞IMUœ¥q Ë¥F∑Ib √Ê «ßr «∞ºu‚ ¥u•v °J∏d… «∞Mu´OU‹ «∞LFdË{W «∞Mu´OU‹ °J∏d… ¥u•v «∞ºu‚ «ßr √Ê Ë¥F∑Ib «∞IMUœ¥q «∞∑πU¸Í «∞dzOºw ∞∑JU±q ´MUÅdÁ «∞∑πU¸¥W Ë√œÈ ≈∞v “¥Uœ… «∞dË«°j “¥Uœ… ≈∞v Ë√œÈ «∞∑πU¸¥W ´MUÅdÁ ∞∑JU±q «∞dzOºw «∞∑πU¸Í °t , Ë¥u§b °t ±s «_ßu«‚ «∞L∑ªBBW ßu‚ «∞J∑V Ë«∞Hu«îOd , Ë«∞Hu«îOd «∞J∑V ßu‚ «∞L∑ªBBW «_ßu«‚ ±s °t Ë¥u§b , °t «ô§∑LU´OW Ë«“œ≥U¸ •dØW «∞∑ºu¥o Ë«∞∑πU¸… ≈∞v §U≤V " «¢BU‰ " §U≤V ≈∞v Ë«∞∑πU¸… «∞∑ºu¥o •dØW Ë«“œ≥U¸ «ô§∑LU´OW _°s œÆLU‚ - " ≠Mb‚ «°s •d±W Ë≠Mb‚ •d±W «°s ≠Mb‚ " - œÆLU‚ _°s Î Ë≠IU «∞HMUœ‚ ±s °t ËØUÊ ¢Kp «∞LMDIW °U∞LOMU¡ «∞∑πU¸Í Æ∂Kw ÆBd «∞ALl •OY ØU≤X «∞ºHs ØU≤X •OY «∞ALl ÆBd Æ∂Kw «∞∑πU¸Í °U∞LOMU¡ «∞LMDIW ¢Kp «∞LJU¸Â Ë≠Mb‚ «∞uØU∞W Ë«∞J∏Od ±s «∞d°UŸ ËØU≤u« ¥AObË≤NU ≠w ¥AObË≤NU ËØU≤u« «∞d°UŸ ±s Ë«∞J∏Od «∞uØU∞W Ë≠Mb‚ «∞LJU¸Â ¢Bq ≈∞v °U°t «∞I∂Kw «∞LFdË· °∂U» «∞∫b¥b . «∞∫b¥b °∂U» «∞LFdË· «∞I∂Kw °U°t ≈∞v ¢Bq «_±UØs «∞Leœ•LW °U∞∑πU¸ " , ˱s ±AU≥b«‹ ≤UÅd îºdË ´Mb îºdË ≤UÅd ±AU≥b«‹ ˱s , " °U∞∑πU¸ «∞Leœ•LW «_±UØs > ¢Ju≤X «∞IOUßd ØS•bÈ ´MUÅd «∞AU¸Ÿ «∞∑πU¸Í Ë¢Il ´KOt , ´KOt Ë¢Il «∞∑πU¸Í «∞AU¸Ÿ ´MUÅd ØS•bÈ «∞IOUßd ¢Ju≤X > œË¸« °LBd √Ê £IW ¢U§d ±s ËßLFX " «∞IMUœ¥q ßu‚ ´s «∞Jö ˥F∑∂d •Oe ¢πU¸È ±∑Bq °U∞∫Oe «∞Lº∑Ld ∞KAU¸Ÿ «∞∑πU¸Í . «∞∑πU¸Í ∞KAU¸Ÿ «∞Lº∑Ld °U∞∫Oe ±∑Bq ¢πU¸È •Oe Ë¥F∑∂d £ö£uÊ Ë±ºU•∑NU - ∞û¥πU¸ √Í - ∞öß∑Gö‰ •πd«‹ ±MNU Ø∏Od… ËßLOX «∞IOUßd °QßLU¡ ±öØNU ±U ËÆl ´Kv «∞AU¸Ÿ «∞∑πU¸Í √Ë «∞∑πU¸Í «∞AU¸Ÿ ´Kv ËÆl ±U ±öØNU °QßLU¡ «∞IOUßd ËßLOX Ë°Lbîq , " ®ªBU ËîLºOs £ö£LUzW Ë¢ºl , £ö£Os ≠w –¸«´U °QßLU¡ «±∑b«œ «∞ºu‚ ±∏q ÆOºU¸¥W «∞d“«“¥s ô¢BU∞NU °ºu‚ ô¢BU∞NU «∞d“«“¥s ÆOºU¸¥W ±∏q «∞ºu‚ «±∑b«œ °QßLU¡ «∞Fb¥b ≤πb «∞ALU∞w «∞∑πU¸Í «∞AU¸Ÿ ±l ¢IU©Ft ´Mb «∞AU¸Ÿ ≥c« «∞d“«“¥s . «∞d“«“¥s «°v Ë≠Mb‚ «∞Cd» Ëœ«¸ «∞HºDU◊ ÅU¨W Ë°πu«¸≥U «∞IOUßd ±s «∞AMU¡ . «∞AMU¡ > °πu«¸ ßu‚ «∞IMUœ¥q ±s «∞πNW «∞AdÆOW ≤πb ßu‚ œ«¸ ≠dà œ«¸ ßu‚ ≤πb «∞AdÆOW «∞πNW ±s «∞IMUœ¥q ßu‚ °πu«¸ >

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«∞Ld•KW «∞∏U∞∏W «∞Ld•KW Ë≥v ±d•KW “¥Uœ… «∞MºOZ «∞FLd«≤w Ë®∂t «∞∑BUÆt °U∞πU±l , °U∞πU±l «∞∑BUÆt Ë®∂t «∞FLd«≤w «∞MºOZ “¥Uœ… ±d•KW Ë≥v Ë«î∑HU¡ «∞ºU•W «∞ALU∞OW Ë¢∫u¥KNU ≈∞v ®U¸Ÿ ¢u«§b‹ °t °Fi °t ¢u«§b‹ ®U¸Ÿ ≈∞v Ë¢∫u¥KNU «∞ALU∞OW «∞ºU•W Ë«î∑HU¡ «_ßu«‚ , Ë¢Ju¥s ßU•W √îdÈ §NW ¸•∂W «∞πU±l ¢πLFX •u∞NU ¢πLFX «∞πU±l ¸•∂W §NW √îdÈ ßU•W Ë¢Ju¥s , «_ßu«‚ «_ßu«‚ «∞LRÆ∑W , √±U «∞LMDIW «∞∑w ¢∫Oj °U∞πU±l ±s «∞MU•OW ±s °U∞πU±l ¢∫Oj «∞∑w «∞LMDIW √±U , «∞LRÆ∑W «_ßu«‚ “ÆU‚ √Ë ßu‚ «∞IMUœ¥q ßu‚ √Ë “ÆU‚ Î ËîUÅU °NU «_ßu«‚ Ø∏U≠W ≠U“œ«œ‹ «∞AdÆOW «∞cÍ ¢LOe °u§uœ «_ßu«‚ «∞L∑ªBBW °t. «∞L∑ªBBW «_ßu«‚ °u§uœ ¢LOe «∞cÍ «∞Ld•KW «∞d«°FW «∞Ld•KW Ë≥v ±d•KW «“œ≥U¸ √ßu«‚ «∞HºDU◊ Ë√Å∂∫X ¢∫ODt ±s ¢∫ODt Ë√Å∂∫X «∞HºDU◊ √ßu«‚ «“œ≥U¸ ±d•KW Ë≥v «∞πNW «∞∂∫d¥W Ë«∞AdÆOW ±Mt . ±Mt Ë«∞AdÆOW «∞∂∫d¥W «∞πNW Î îUÅU «_¸°FW §u«≤∂t ≤u´OU‹ √ßu«‚ «∞HºDU◊ √ßu«‚ ≤u´OU‹ > ¢JuÊ ≠w «∞πNW «∞Gd°OW ®U¸Ÿ ¢πU¸È °t «∞Fb¥b ±s «_ßu«‚ ±s «∞Fb¥b °t ¢πU¸È ®U¸Ÿ «∞Gd°OW «∞πNW ≠w ¢JuÊ > «∞L∑ªBBW «∞L∑∑U°FW ±∏q ßu‚ «∞Fu«ßOs Ë«∞d“«“¥s Ë«∞MIKOOs Ë«∞d“«“¥s «∞Fu«ßOs ßu‚ ±∏q «∞L∑∑U°FW «∞L∑ªBBW «∞d“«“¥s Ë¢Il ≠w ±MDIW ≠w Ë¢Il «∞d“«“¥s ÆOºU¸¥W «∞AU¸Ÿ °Nc« Ë¥∑Bq , Ë«∞ºLUØOs ±∑ußDW °Os «∞πU±l Ëßu‚ «∞d“«“¥s . «∞d“«“¥s Ëßu‚ «∞πU±l °Os ±∑ußDW > ¢JuÊ ≠w «∞πNW «∞ALU∞OW ®U¸Ÿ ¢πU¸È °t √ßu«‚ ±∑ªBBW √ßu«‚ °t ¢πU¸È ®U¸Ÿ «∞ALU∞OW «∞πNW ≠w ¢JuÊ > ±∏q ßu‚ «∞∂d°d Ë«∞IAU®Os Ë«∞dÆOo ˱l ¢IU°Kt ±l ßu‚ ±l ¢IU°Kt ˱l Ë«∞dÆOo Ë«∞IAU®Os «∞∂d°d ßu‚ ±∏q Î √¥CU «∞IMUœ¥q ≤πb ÆOºU¸¥W "√°v ±d…" ∞∑πU¸… «∞∫d¥d ËÆOºU¸¥W "√°v ËÆOºU¸¥W «∞∫d¥d ∞∑πU¸… ±d…" "√°v ÆOºU¸¥W ≤πb «∞IMUœ¥q £d¥U" . £d¥U" > ¢Ju≤X ≠w «∞πNW «∞I∂KOW °Fi «∞b˸ ±∏q œË¸ «_≤LU◊ Ëœ«¸ «_≤LU◊ œË¸ ±∏q «∞b˸ °Fi «∞I∂KOW «∞πNW ≠w ¢Ju≤X > «∞M∫UßOs Ë√ßu«‚ ±∑ªBBW ±∏q ßu‚ «∞M∫UßOs Ëßu‚ «∞ONuœ. Ëßu‚ «∞M∫UßOs ßu‚ ±∏q ±∑ªBBW Ë√ßu«‚ «∞M∫UßOs

¤ÉZ ¢Sô£H âjôH

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ÆB∂W «∞IU≥d… «∞HU©LOW «∞IU≥d… ÆB∂W Ë«_ßu«‚ (>) Ë«∞IOUßd «∞∑πU¸Í «∞AU¸Ÿ ≤AQ… œ. ±∫Lb °NU¡ «∞b¥s ±∫Lb §LU‰ «∞b¥s §LU‰ ±∫Lb «∞b¥s °NU¡ ±∫Lb œ. ±b¸” - ØKOW «∞HMuÊ «∞πLOKW - §U±FW •Ku«Ê §U±FW - «∞πLOKW «∞HMuÊ ØKOW - ±b¸”

Ë¢Q£d «∞ªKOHW «∞LFe Ë«∞IUzb §u≥d °∑ªDOj «∞LbÊ «_≤b∞ºOW «∞LbÊ °∑ªDOj §u≥d Ë«∞IUzb «∞LFe «∞ªKOHW Ë¢Q£d «∞dzOºw «∞AU¸Ÿ ≤AQ… 1. «∞Ib¥LW , •OY ƺLX «∞LbÊ ≈∞v îDj ËØq îDW ¢∫∑uÈ ´Kv ¢∫∑uÈ îDW ËØq îDj ≈∞v «∞LbÊ ÆºLX •OY , «∞Ib¥LW °U∞∑Ju¥MU‹ §U≤∂OW ±s Ë«∞L∫bœ «∞Lº∑Ld «∞∫Oe ≥u «∞AU¸Ÿ ±d«≠INU «∞ªUÅW ±s √ßu«‚ ´Kv «∞Dd‚ «∞FU±W ˱DU•s Ë«≠d«Ê, ˱DU•s «∞FU±W «∞Dd‚ ´Kv √ßu«‚ ±s «∞ªUÅW ±d«≠INU ¥FU∞Z îU’ °MLj «∞Ib¥LW «∞IU≥d… ®u«¸Ÿ ™Nd‹ Ë∞Ib , «∞FLd«≤OW ËØUÊ ¢ªDOj ≥cÁ «∞LbÊ ´∂U¸… ´s ©d‚ Ë•U¸«‹ Ë√“ÆW Ëœ¸Ë» Ë√“ÆW Ë•U¸«‹ ©d‚ ´s ´∂U¸… «∞LbÊ ≥cÁ ¢ªDOj ËØUÊ Ë¢IU∞Ob ´Uœ«‹ Ë¥FJf Ë«∞D∂OFOW «∞LMUîOW «∞Fu«±q ±l Ë¥∑FU±q ¢∑HdŸ ±s °FCNU ´Kv ¨Od ≤EU ±FOs Ë¥∑d«ËÕ ´dË{NU ±s ±∑d ±s ´dË{NU Ë¥∑d«ËÕ ±FOs ≤EU ¨Od ´Kv °FCNU ±s ¢∑HdŸ «∞∑∑U°l •Ou¥W ¥∑O` ±LU Ë«ô≤JºU¸«‹ °Uô≤∫MU¡«‹ Ë¢LOe‹ , «∞Lπ∑Ll ≈∞v √¸°FW √±∑U¸ ( ®Jq 1 ) . ) 1 ®Jq ( √±∑U¸ √¸°FW ≈∞v ®∂JW ±s «∞IU≥d… ∞Lb¥MW «∞FLd«≤w «∞∑ªDOj ¢AJq ËÆb , «∞∂BdÍ Ë«∞ªDu◊ «∞LMJºd… ØU≤X ßLW «∞A∂JW «∞FLd«≤OW ∞NcÁ «∞LbÊ ∞NcÁ «∞FLd«≤OW «∞A∂JW ßLW ØU≤X «∞LMJºd… Ë«∞ªDu◊ ©d‚ Ë®∂JW " «∞Kt ∞b¥s «∞LFe ®U¸Ÿ " «∞dzOºw «∞L∫u¸ Æu«±NU ©d‚ «∞∏ö£W , ËØU≤X «∞LMU“‰ ¢∂Mv §LOFNU ´Kv √•u«‘ œ«îKOW ¢H∑` œ«îKOW √•u«‘ ´Kv §LOFNU ¢∂Mv «∞LMU“‰ ËØU≤X , «∞∏ö£W «∞A∂JW Ë¢BV , îDj ≈∞v «∞IU≥d… ¢Iºr ´KOt ±∑FU±b… √îdÈ ´KONU √¨K∂OW ´MUÅd «∞LMe‰ , Ë°c∞p √±Js ¢ö≠v ®b… œ¸§W ®b… ¢ö≠v √±Js Ë°c∞p , «∞LMe‰ ´MUÅd √¨K∂OW ´KONU . «∞Lb¥MW ßu¸ œ«îq œ«zdÍ ©d¥o ≠w «∞Hd´OW «∞∫d«¸… , ˧U¡‹ îBuÅOW «∞LMU“‰ Ë«¢πU≥NU ≈∞v «∞b«îq ≤∑OπW «∞b«îq ≈∞v Ë«¢πU≥NU «∞LMU“‰ îBuÅOW ˧U¡‹ , «∞∫d«¸… Ë•U¸… ®U¸Ÿ ±s ËË™OH∑NU _≥LO∑NU ©∂IU «∞Au«¸Ÿ ´dË÷ Ë«î∑KHX ∞KFUœ«‹ Ë«∞∑IU∞Ob «∞∑w ØU≤X ßUzb… ≠w –∞p «∞uÆX Ë¥∫∑d±NU «∞πLOl Ë¥∫∑d±NU «∞uÆX –∞p ≠w ßUzb… ØU≤X «∞∑w Ë«∞∑IU∞Ob ∞KFUœ«‹ ¢Kp Ë≥v Ë«∞LOUœ¥s «∞d•U» ¢Ju¥s §U≤V ≈∞v , Ë´DHW Ë“ÆU‚ ËØUÊ «∞u«∞w ¥d«´v ¢D∂OINU. ¥d«´v «∞u«∞w ËØUÊ ≈§∑LU´v ßu«¡ Ë™OHw ¨d÷ ∞∑Qœ¥W ˧b‹ «∞∑w «∞LH∑u•W «∞LMU©o 2. ¢Q£Od ¢ªDOj «∞Lºπb ´Kv ±d«•q ¢Ju¥s «_ßu«‚ ¢Ju¥s ±d«•q ´Kv «∞Lºπb ¢ªDOj ¢Q£Od 2. . œ¥Mw √Ë «Æ∑BUœÍ √Ë °Lb¥MW «∞HºDU◊ °Lb¥MW ´u«År ∞MLu «∞D∂OFw «ô±∑b«œ ≈∞v «∞dzOºw «∞AU¸Ÿ ≤AQ… ¥d§l ∞∑ªDOj «∞LbÊ «ùßö±OW ≠w «∞IdËÊ ≠w «ùßö±OW «∞LbÊ ∞∑ªDOj Î ±∏Uô «∞HºDU◊ ¢F∑∂d ) «∞IDUzl - «∞FºJd - «∞HºDU◊ ( «∞IU≥d… Æ∂q «ùßö±OW ±Bd «∞ußDv , ËØUÊ ±ºπb ´LdË °s «∞FU’ ¥∫∑q ÆKV «∞Lb¥MW Ë¢Bq «∞Lb¥MW ÆKV ¥∫∑q «∞FU’ °s ´LdË ±ºπb ËØUÊ , «∞ußDv ≈∞Ot ©dÆNU Ëœ¸Ë°NU «∞L∑Fd§W «∞COIW , Ë¢M∑Ad •u∞t «_ßu«‚ •u∞t Ë¢M∑Ad , «∞COIW «∞L∑Fd§W Ëœ¸Ë°NU ©dÆNU ≈∞Ot Ë«∞∫LU±U‹ Ë«∞∂ºU¢Os , Ë°b¸«ßW ´MUÅd ˱Ju≤U‹ ±b¥MW «∞HºDU◊ ±b¥MW ˱Ju≤U‹ ´MUÅd Ë°b¸«ßW , Ë«∞∂ºU¢Os Ë«∞∫LU±U‹ Ë«ù{U≠U‹ «∞∑w ©d√‹ ´Kv §U±l ´LdË °s «∞FU’ ≤πb √≤NU ±d‹ √≤NU ≤πb «∞FU’ °s ´LdË §U±l ´Kv ©d√‹ «∞∑w Ë«ù{U≠U‹ °Q¸°FW ±d«•q , ( ®Jq 2 ) . ) 2 ®Jq ( , ±d«•q °Q¸°FW «∞Ld•KW «_Ë∞v «∞Ld•KW °b√‹ °Uî∑OU¸ ±uÆl §U±l ´LdË ´Kv «∞MOq ˧U¡ ≤Lu «∞Lb¥MW ≤Lu ˧U¡ «∞MOq ´Kv ´LdË §U±l ±uÆl °Uî∑OU¸ °b√‹ ±s £öÀ §NU‹ «∞∂∫d¥W Ë«∞AdÆOW Ë«∞I∂KOW , Ë¢Ju≤X °NU °Fi °NU Ë¢Ju≤X , Ë«∞I∂KOW Ë«∞AdÆOW «∞∂∫d¥W §NU‹ £öÀ ±s «_ßu«‚ «∞∂ºODW , √±U «∞πNW «∞Gd°OW «∞LDKW ´Kv «∞MOq ≠EKX «∞MOq ´Kv «∞LDKW «∞Gd°OW «∞πNW √±U , «∞∂ºODW «_ßu«‚ ≈±U ∞Ju≤NU ¸•∂W «∞πU±l √Ë ∞COo «∞LºU•W «∞L∫Bu¸… ¥s «∞L∫Bu¸… «∞LºU•W ∞COo √Ë «∞πU±l ¸•∂W ∞Ju≤NU ≈±U Î ≠d«¨U «∞πU±l Ë«∞MOq, Ë¢Ju≤X °NU «_ßu«‚ «∞LRÆ∑W îUÅW √¥U «∞πLl √¥U îUÅW «∞LRÆ∑W «_ßu«‚ °NU Ë¢Ju≤X Ë«∞MOq, «∞πU±l Ë«_´OUœ . Ë«_´OUœ «∞Ld•KW «∞∏U≤OW «∞Ld•KW ±s œ¸«ßW «∞LMU©o- «∞ªDj «∞ºJMOW-«∞∑w «î∑DNU ´LdË °s ´LdË «î∑DNU «∞ºJMOW-«∞∑w «∞ªDj «∞LMU©o- œ¸«ßW ±s «∞FU’ ≤πb √≤NU ¢dØe‹ ≠w «∞πNW «∞ALU∞OW «∞AdÆOW Ë«∞πNW «∞AdÆOW «∞ALU∞OW «∞πNW ≠w ¢dØe‹ √≤NU ≤πb «∞FU’ «∞πMu°OW «∞AdÆOW •∑v Æ∂Kw ÆBd «∞ALl , Ë¢Ju≤X ßU•W ¢HBq ßU•W Ë¢Ju≤X , «∞ALl ÆBd Æ∂Kw •∑v «∞AdÆOW «∞πMu°OW °Os §U±l ´LdË Ë«∞LMDIW «∞ALU∞OW «∞AdÆOW , Ë¢u«§b‹ °NcÁ Ë¢u«§b‹ , «∞AdÆOW «∞ALU∞OW Ë«∞LMDIW ´LdË §U±l °Os «∞ºU•W √ßu«ÆU ±RÆ∑W √Ø∏d Ø∏U≠W ±s «_ßu«‚ «∞LRÆ∑W «∞∑w ¢∫Oj «∞∑w «∞LRÆ∑W «_ßu«‚ ±s Ø∏U≠W √Ø∏d ±RÆ∑W √ßu«ÆU «∞ºU•W °d•∂W «∞Lºπb ±s «∞πNW «∞Gd°OW , ØLU «∞∑HX «_ßu«‚ •u‰ «∞πU±l •u‰ «_ßu«‚ «∞∑HX ØLU , «∞Gd°OW «∞πNW ±s «∞Lºπb °d•∂W ≠w «∞LMDIW «∞L∫Bu¸… °OMt Ë°Os «∞ªDj «∞ºJMOW ±s «∞πNW ±s «∞ºJMOW «∞ªDj Ë°Os °OMt «∞L∫Bu¸… «∞LMDIW ≠w «∞AdÆOW •∑v «∞I∂KOW Ë¢dØe‹ °Fi «_ßu«‚ «∞L∑ªBBW ≠w «∞πNW ≠w «∞L∑ªBBW «_ßu«‚ °Fi Ë¢dØe‹ «∞I∂KOW •∑v «∞AdÆOW «∞AdÆOW ±s «∞πU±l ≠Ij Ë«∞∑w °NU “ÆU‚ «∞IMUœ¥q. “ÆU‚ °NU Ë«∞∑w ≠Ij «∞πU±l ±s «∞AdÆOW

laresnavaraC : «∞IOºU¸¥W (>) ≤uŸ ±s «_°MOW –«‹ «∞Gd÷ «∞∑πU¸Í, ´Uœ… ±U ¢∑JuÊ ±s Å∫s √Ëßj Å∫s ±s ¢∑JuÊ ±U ´Uœ… «∞∑πU¸Í, «∞Gd÷ –«‹ «_°MOW ±s ≤uŸ " «∞Ou≤U≤OW ( ¢FMv ( «∞Ou≤U≤OW " «∞IOBd¥W " ´s ±Qîu– «ôßr √Ê ¥d§` «∞∑πU¸. ùÆU±W ßJMv ©U°o ¥FKu≥U ∞K∂Ol. ´d{NU Ë «∞∂CUzl ∞∑ªe¥s √±UØs ˧uœ ±l •u«≤OX, ´b… °t ¢∫Oj ßu‚ «∞IOBd) Ë ≥u «∞ºu‚ «_±∂d«©u¸È îö‰ «∞FBd¥s «∞Ou≤U≤w Ë«∞d˱U≤w , Ë«ß∑ªb ØLªU“Ê Ë ±ºUØs ¢∫X «ù®d«· «_±∂d«©u¸È. (¸zOf «∞∑∫d¥d) (¸zOf «_±∂d«©u¸È. «ù®d«· ¢∫X ±ºUØs Ë ØLªU“Ê Ë«ß∑ªb , Ë«∞d˱U≤w «∞Ou≤U≤w «∞FBd¥s îö‰ «_±∂d«©u¸È «∞ºu‚ ≥u Ë «∞IOBd) ßu‚

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Composite Abd elhalem 01 arabic.fh10 1/17/08 1:46 PM Page 1

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«∞d«°l Æ∂q «∞LOöœ Ë©u«‰ ≥c« «∞FBd Ë«∞FBd «∞d˱U≤w. Ë«∞b«¸” «∞d˱U≤w. Ë«∞FBd «∞FBd ≥c« Ë©u«‰ «∞LOöœ Æ∂q «∞d«°l ¥u≤U≤OW. °∫dË· Ø∑V «∞cÍ «∞I∂Dw «∞ªj Ë≥u «∞d«°l ∞Kªj «∞b¥Lu©OIw Æb ¥∑Bu¸ _ˉ Ë≥KW √Ê ≥c« «∞ªj ¥L∏q ±d•KW ¥L∏q «∞ªj ≥c« √Ê Ë≥KW _ˉ ¥∑Bu¸ Æb «∞b¥Lu©OIw ∞Kªj «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ∞ªDu◊ ¢Du¸ •bËÀ ´u«±q ´b… ≠d{X Ë∞Ib «∞∑Du¸ «∞∏U≤OW °Fb «∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw, ËÆb ¥∑Bu¸ Øc∞p √≤t ¥L∏q √≤t Øc∞p ¥∑Bu¸ ËÆb «∞NOd«©OIw, «∞ªj °Fb «∞∏U≤OW «∞∑Du¸ Ë¢Fbœ Ë«∞Lu{uŸ «∞J∑U°W Ë√œ«… «∞J∑U°W ±Uœ… ©∂OFW °OMNU ±s «∞Ib¥LW ±s «∞∑∂ºOj ∞Kªj «∞NOd«©OIw ¥∑MUßV ±l ¢MuŸ «_≤ADW ¢MuŸ ±l ¥∑MUßV «∞NOd«©OIw ∞Kªj «∞∑∂ºOj ±s Î ±e¥b« ≠U∞J∑U°W ±MNU. Ë«ùœ«¸¥W «ôÆ∑BUœ¥W Î ËîBuÅU «∞∂Ad¥W «_≤ADW «∞b≤Ou¥W Ë«∞b¥MOW Ë«“œ¥Uœ≥U ÆOUßU °U∞FBu¸ «∞ºU°IW. °U∞FBu¸ ÆOUßU Ë«“œ¥Uœ≥U Ë«∞b¥MOW «∞b≤Ou¥W «∞Fö±U‹ ¢J∑V √Ê ¢∑DKV ´U °u§t «∞∫πd¥W Ë«∞LMAP‹ «∞∫πd ´Kv ËÆb ¥∂bË ≥c« «_±d ±MDIw ≈∞v •b Ø∂Od Ë∞Js «∞b¸«ßW «∞L∑Q≤OW «∞b¸«ßW Ë∞Js Ø∂Od •b ≈∞v ±MDIw «_±d ≥c« ¥∂bË ËÆb «∞J∑U°W ´s √±U . Î °U¸“« √Ë ¨Uzd« ≤IAU ¢MIg Ë√Ê «∞JU±KW °Bu¸¢NU ∞r ¢RØb ≥c« «∞∑Bu¸ °AJq ±DKo, ËÆb ≤ªdà °LπLu´W ±s °LπLu´W ≤ªdà ËÆb ±DKo, °AJq «∞∑Bu¸ ≥c« ¢RØb ∞r °u§t «∞Bªd¥W Ë«ü£U¸ Ë«∞∫πU¸… «∞HªU¸ Ëغd«‹ «∞∂dœÍ ˸‚ ´Kv «∞∑ºUƒô‹ Ë≥w: «∞∑ºUƒô‹ ≈∞v °Fb ≠OLU ¢Du¸ Î ±∂ºDU U ÎÒ ≥Od˨KOHO U ÎÒ îD ¢∑DKV ≠S≤NU ´UÂ. ∞ªj §dÈ ¢∂ºODt ´s «∞ªj ´s ¢∂ºODt §dÈ ∞ªj Î ¢∂ºODU ¥L∏q «∞b¥Lu©OIw «∞ªj ≥q «∞LBdÍ «{Dd ËÆb «∞NOd«©OIw °U∞ªj ¥Fd· Î ¢∂ºODU √Ø∏d îj «∞L∂ºj ±s «∞ªj «∞NOd˨KOHw Ë≥u «∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw √ √≤t √ «∞NOd«©OIw «∞ªj Ë≥u «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞ªj ±s «∞L∂ºj (˸‚ «∞J∑U°W ±Uœ… ©∂OFW ±l Î ¢LAOU «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞ªj ¢∂ºOj ≈∞v Ë«∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw Æb §dÈ ¢∂ºODNLU ±∂U®d… ´s «∞ªj ´s ±∂U®d… ¢∂ºODNLU §dÈ Æb «∞NOd«©OIw Ë«∞ªj ô √ßdŸ U ÎÒ îD ¢DK∂X «∞∑w «∞Ou±OW «_≤ADW ¢e«¥b ˱l «∞∂dœÍ) «∞NOd˨KOHw Ë≠w •Uô‹ √îdÈ ´s «∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw, √ √≤t ¥L∏q √≤t √ «∞NOd«©OIw, «∞ªj ´s √îdÈ •Uô‹ Ë≠w «∞NOd˨KOHw U. Î ±d¢HF U ÎÒ ±Uœ¥ ö Î ±IU° Ëô « Î Ø∂Od « Î §Nb Ëô Ø∂Od… ±ºU•W ¥∑DKV U ∞t îBUzBt «∞∑w ¥ª∑Kn °NU ´s îBUzh «∞ªDOs «∞ºU°IOs «∞ªDOs îBUzh ´s °NU ¥ª∑Kn «∞∑w îBUzBt ∞t U ÎÒ îD «∞Lª∑Bd «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞ªj ±s «_Ë∞v °b«¥U¢t ≠w ∞Id°t Î Ë≤Ed« «∞NOd˨KOHw Ë«∞NOd«©OIw. ˱s •OY «∞AJq ≠SÊ «∞ªj «∞b¥Lu©OIw «∞ªj ≠SÊ «∞AJq •OY ˱s Ë«∞NOd«©OIw. «∞NOd˨KOHw ¸«´v ËÆb «∞∑IKObÍ) ¨Od «∞NOd«©OIw («∞ªj °Ußr ßLw ≠Ib ´s «∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw ËËÅq ≈∞v œ¸§W «ôî∑e«‰ œ¸§W ≈∞v ËËÅq «∞NOd«©OIw «∞ªj ´s Î ¢∂ºODU √Ø∏d ¥∂bË ¥ªq √ô Î ±∫UËô «∞∑∂ºOj ´Mb ±FOMW Ë{u«°j Æu«´b «∞LBdÍ «∞∑ªKw ´s «∞Le¥b ±s ±Ju≤U‹ «∞Fö±W ±Ju≤U‹ ±s «∞Le¥b ´s «∞∑ªKw Î ±∑∂MOU «_•OUÊ °Fi ≠w ≥u «∞NOd«©OIw «∞ªj Ë_Ê ∞KFö±W «∞LJu≤W «_ßUßOW °U∞FMUÅd «∞∑w «•∑Hk °NU «∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw, «_±d «∞cÍ ¥e¥b ±s ÅFu°W ±s ¥e¥b «∞cÍ «_±d «∞NOd«©OIw, «∞ªj °NU «•∑Hk «∞∑w «∞KGW ≠w Ë«∞dÆFW «∞Mºa «∞ªDOs °Os ØU∞HU¸‚ {u«°j °ö îj Æd«¡… «∞ªj «∞b¥Lu©OIw, °Uù{U≠W ≈∞v ¢AU°p «∞Fö±U‹ Ë«∞LHdœ«‹ «∞Fö±U‹ ¢AU°p ≈∞v °Uù{U≠W «∞b¥Lu©OIw, «∞ªj Æd«¡… √Ê ô°b ≠S≤MU ±MNU) ¥ªKu Ë«∞∏U≤w °Cu«°j ¥J∑V («_ˉ «∞Fd°OW Ë«∞ºd´W «∞u«{∫W ≠w Ø∑U°∑NU «_±d «∞MU¢Z ´s ÅGd •πr ±Uœ… •πr ÅGd ´s «∞MU¢Z «_±d Ø∑U°∑NU ≠w «∞u«{∫W Ë«∞ºd´W «∞u«•b… «∞Fö±W ®Jq ≠w «∞u«{` «ôî∑ö· «ô´∑∂U¸ ≠w ≤Cl ) Ë´s ÅGd •πr «∞Lu{u´U‹. •πr ÅGd Ë´s ) Î ±∏ö «∞HªU¸ (غd«‹ «∞J∑U°W ≥c« Ë¥πw¡ ±ª∑KHW, °Bu¸ °U∞NOd«©OIOW Ø∑∂X («∞∂u±W) ≠Fö±W Ëœ¸«ßW ¢Du¸ «∞Fö±U‹ «∞b¥Lu©OIOW ¥∑DKV ±IU¸≤∑NU °U∞Ld«•q ±IU¸≤∑NU ¥∑DKV «∞b¥Lu©OIOW «∞Fö±U‹ ¢Du¸ Ëœ¸«ßW ˱NU¸… «∞J∑U°W Ë√œ«… ±Uœ… ±MNU Ø∏Od… ´u«±q ´s Î ≤U¢πU «ôî∑ö· «∞ªDOW «∞ºU°IW ≠w ±∫UË∞W ∞∑HNr ≠KºHW «∞LBdÍ ≠w «∞∑∂ºOj ≠w «∞LBdÍ ≠KºHW ∞∑HNr ±∫UË∞W ≠w «∞ºU°IW «∞ªDOW , Î √•OU≤U «∞Lu{uŸ Ë©∂OFW Ë«∞LJUÊ «∞e±UÊ Ë´u«±q ´b±t ±s «∞JU¢V Ë«∞LMNZ «∞cÍ «¢∂Ft ≠w ≥c« «∞LOb«Ê. ≥c« ≠w «¢∂Ft «∞cÍ Ë«∞LMNZ «∞∑∂ºOj √Ë «∞∑Du¸ ¢∑∂l ≠w «∞∫Uô‹ °Fi ≠w ÅFu°W ≤πb ËÆb «∞cÍ §dÈ ∞KFö±W ±s «∞ªj «∞NOd˨KOHw ≈∞v «∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw «∞ªj ≈∞v «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞ªj ±s ∞KFö±W §dÈ «∞cÍ ∞Ib ÆDFX «∞b¸«ßU‹ «∞ªDOW ≠w ±πU‰ îDu◊ «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW îDu◊ ±πU‰ ≠w «∞ªDOW «∞b¸«ßU‹ ÆDFX ∞Ib °ö ÆKX ØLU ¢∑∫d„ Ë«∞∑w –Ød¢NU «∞∑w ∞úß∂U» –∞p ˱d§l , ∞Js «_±d ô ¥e«‰ ¥∑DKV «∞Le¥b ±s «∞πNb ±s «∞Le¥b ¥∑DKV ¥e«‰ ô «_±d ∞Js , Î ©O∂U Î ®u©U «∞Ib¥LW {u«°j. Ë«∞∑∫KOq ∞K∑Fd· ´Kv «∞J∏Od ±s îBUzh ¸•KW ¢Du¸ «∞J∑U°W ≠w «∞J∑U°W ¢Du¸ ¸•KW îBUzh ±s «∞J∏Od ´Kv ∞K∑Fd· Ë«∞∑∫KOq ±Bd ±s «∞NOd˨KOHOW ≈∞v «∞b¥Lu©OIOW. ≈∞v «∞NOd˨KOHOW ±s ±Bd ´Mb «∞LBdÍ ∞πQ ∞LU–« «_•OUÊ °Fi ≠w ≤∑HNr √Ê ≤º∑DOl ô ËÆb ¢∂ºOj °Fi «∞DOu¸ ≈∞v «∞∑GU{w ´s «∞d√” Ë≥w §e¡ ±LOe §e¡ Ë≥w «∞d√” ´s «∞∑GU{w ≈∞v «∞DOu¸ °Fi ¢∂ºOj ∞KDUzd, ØLU ô ≤HNr ≠w °Fi «_•OUÊ ∞LU–« ∞r ¥∫U≠k ´Mb «∞∑∂ºOj ´Mb ¥∫U≠k ∞r ∞LU–« «_•OUÊ °Fi ≠w ≤HNr ô ØLU ∞KDUzd, ´Kv ≤ºV «∞Fö±W ØLU ≥w ≠w «∞NOd˨KOHOW √Í «∞Mº∂W °Os ±Ju≤U‹ °Os «∞Mº∂W √Í «∞NOd˨KOHOW ≠w ≥w ØLU «∞Fö±W ≤ºV ´Kv «∞πºr. Ë≠w °Fi «∞∫Uô‹ Æb ô ≤º∑DOl ¢∑∂l «∞∑Du¸ √Ë «∞∑∂ºOj √Ë «∞∑Du¸ ¢∑∂l ≤º∑DOl ô Æb «∞∫Uô‹ °Fi Ë≠w «∞πºr. ∞∑∂bË «∞Fö±W «∞NOd«©OIOW ´Kv ¨Od ÅKW °U∞Fö±W «∞NOd˨KOHOW °U∞Fö±W ÅKW ¨Od ´Kv «∞NOd«©OIOW «∞Fö±W ∞∑∂bË «∞∑w ¥H∑d÷ √≤NU °ºDX ´MNU. Ë¥LJs «∞Iu‰ °u§t ´U √Ê ±FEr √Ê ´U °u§t «∞Iu‰ Ë¥LJs ´MNU. °ºDX √≤NU ¥H∑d÷ «∞∑w «∞Fö±U‹ «∞NOd«©OIOW ¥LJs ¢∑∂l ¢Du¸≥U ±s «∞NOd˨KOHOW Ë√Ê «∞NOd˨KOHOW ±s ¢Du¸≥U ¢∑∂l ¥LJs «∞NOd«©OIOW «∞Fö±U‹ √ÆKNU Æb ≤πb ÅFu°W ≠w –∞p _ß∂U» ±d¢∂DW ≠OLU ≤F∑Ib °LNU¸… ≤F∑Ib ≠OLU ±d¢∂DW _ß∂U» –∞p ≠w ÅFu°W ≤πb Æb √ÆKNU «∞JU¢V Ë•U∞∑t «∞πºb¥W Ë«∞MHºOW ´Mb Ø∑U°W «∞Mh ˱bÈ «≥∑LU±t ˱bÈ «∞Mh Ø∑U°W ´Mb Ë«∞MHºOW «∞πºb¥W Ë•U∞∑t «∞JU¢V °IKLt √Ë ≠d®UÁ ˱Uœ… «∞J∑U°W. Ë≈–« ØUÊ √Æb ≤h ≥Od«©OIw ´∏d ≥Od«©OIw ≤h √Æb ØUÊ Ë≈–« «∞J∑U°W. ˱Uœ… ≠d®UÁ √Ë °IKLt ´KOt ≠w ±Bd ¥d§l ∞FBd «_ßd… «∞d«°FW (7952-1742 ‚.Â) (7952-1742 «∞d«°FW «_ßd… ∞FBd ¥d§l ±Bd ≠w ´KOt ´öË… ´Kv ≤h ±s ´Nb «∞LKp "ßU•u¸Ÿ" •OY ´∏d ≠w ±F∂bÁ ≠w ´∏d •OY "ßU•u¸Ÿ" «∞LKp ´Nb ±s ≤h ´Kv ´öË… «∞πMUzeÍ ´Kv ±πLu´W ±s ÆDl «∞∂dœÍ ´KONU Ø∑U°t ≥Od«©OIOW Ø∑U°t ´KONU «∞∂dœÍ ÆDl ±s ±πLu´W ´Kv «∞πMUzeÍ ±u“´W ´Kv ±∑∫n «∞IU≥d… Ë°Fi «∞L∑U•n «_§M∂OW. ≈ô √Ê –∞p √Ê ≈ô «_§M∂OW. «∞L∑U•n Ë°Fi «∞IU≥d… ±∑∫n ´Kv ±u“´W ô ¥FMw √Ê «∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw ∞r ¥ö“ «∞ªj «∞NOd˨KOHw ±Mc «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞ªj ¥ö“ ∞r «∞NOd«©OIw «∞ªj √Ê ¥FMw ô ≤AQ¢t, ∞JMMU ∞r ≤LKp «∞b∞Oq ´Kv –∞p •∑v «üÊ. ˱l ≤NU¥W «_ßd… ≤NU¥W ˱l «üÊ. •∑v –∞p ´Kv «∞b∞Oq ≤LKp ∞r ∞JMMU ≤AQ¢t, «∞ªU±ºW Ë«∞FAd¥s (656‚.Â) Ë°b«¥W «_ßd… 62 ™Nd îj ¬îd îj ™Nd 62 «_ßd… Ë°b«¥W (656‚.Â) Ë«∞FAd¥s «∞ªU±ºW °b« √Ø∏d ¢∂ºODU ±s «∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw Ë≥u «∞ªj «∞b¥Lu©OIw «∞ªj Ë≥u «∞NOd«©OIw «∞ªj ±s ¢∂ºODU √Ø∏d °b« Ë™q ¥º∑ªb ≠w ±Bd •∑v ≤NU¥W «∞FBd «∞d˱U≤w Ë≥u îj ≠w îj Ë≥u «∞d˱U≤w «∞FBd ≤NU¥W •∑v ±Bd ≠w ¥º∑ªb ˙q °b«¥∑t Æd¥V «∞A∂t °U∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw Ë∞Nc« ßLw ≠w ±d«•Kt ≠w ßLw Ë∞Nc« «∞NOd«©OIw °U∞ªj «∞A∂t Æd¥V °b«¥∑t «∞L∂Jd… °U∞NOd«©OIw ¨Od «∞∑IKObÍ £r √îc ¥∑∂Ku¸ Ë¥∑ªc ®JKt Ë¥∑ªc ¥∑∂Ku¸ √îc £r «∞∑IKObÍ ¨Od °U∞NOd«©OIw «∞L∂Jd… «∞Lº∑Iq تj œ¥Lu©OIw ±l °b«¥W «∞FBd «∞∂DKLw ≠w «∞IdÊ ≠w «∞∂DKLw «∞FBd °b«¥W ±l œ¥Lu©OIw تj «∞Lº∑Iq

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Composite Abd elhalem 01 arabic.fh10 1/17/08 1:46 PM Page 2

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citomeD «∞b¥Lu©OIw: ±d•KW 4. «∞LBd¥W °U∞KGW ¥∑FKo ≠OLU ≥MU„ «∞∑U¸¥ªOW, «∞FBu¸ §U≤V Ë≈∞v Ë≥w ±d•KW °b√‹ ±Mc «∞IdÊ «∞∏U±s Æ∂q «∞LOöœ Ë«ß∑Ld‹ «∞LOöœ Æ∂q «∞∏U±s «∞IdÊ ±Mc °b√‹ ±d•KW Ë≥w «∞e±Mw «ô±∑b«œ ≥c« ≤∑UzZ ±s ØUÊ ≠Ib ∞Gu¥W, ´Bu¸ «∞Ib¥LW •∑v «∞IdÊ «∞ªU±f «∞LOöœÍ, Ë≥w ±d•KW ∞Gu¥W Ë≈Ê Ø∑∂X °ªj Ø∑∂X Ë≈Ê ∞Gu¥W ±d•KW Ë≥w «∞LOöœÍ, «∞ªU±f «∞IdÊ •∑v Ë«∞Bd· «∞M∫u ≠w ¢GOOd«‹ •bËÀ «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W ∞KGW «∞Du¥q ±ª∑Kn Ë≥u «∞ªj «∞b¥Lu©OIw. «∞ªj Ë≥u ±ª∑Kn îö‰ ˱s «∞Bu¢OW, «∞IOr Ë≠w «∞LªBBU‹ Ë≠w «∞NπU¡ ËÆu«´b «∞b¸«ßU‹ «∞∑w ÆU °NU «∞L∑ªBBuÊ ≠w «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ≠w «∞L∑ªBBuÊ °NU ÆU «∞∑w «∞b¸«ßU‹ citpoC «∞I∂DOW: ±d•KW 5. ∞Gu¥W °ªBUzh ±MNU ´Bd Øq ¥∑LOe ´Bu¸ ≈∞v «∞KGW ¢IºOr √±Js Î ¢Id¥∂U «∞LOöœÍ «∞∏U∞Y «∞IdÊ ±Mc °b√‹ ∞Gu¥W ±d•KW Ë≥w ≥w: «∞FBu¸ Ë≥cÁ ±FOMW °bîu‰ «ùßö ±Bd ´U 146 •OY 146 ´U ±Bd «ùßö °bîu‰ ÎÒ ≠FKOU Ë∞Of U ÎÒ ¸ßLO Ë«≤∑NX dlO naitpygE «∞Ib¥r: «∞FBd ≠w «∞KGW 1. ∞H∑d… Î ±FU «ß∑Ld« Ë≈Ê «∞Fd°OW «∞KGW °U∞∑b¸¥Z ±∫KNU ¢∫q °b√‹ ©u¥KW. Ë°b√‹ «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW °MU¡ ≠w «_Ë∞v «∞K∂MU‹ Ë{l ±d•KW Ë≥w ±Mc «_ßd… «_Ë∞v Ë«ß∑Ld‹ •∑v ±M∑Bn «_ßd… «∞∏U±MW, Ë¢IU°q «∞∏U±MW, «_ßd… ±M∑Bn •∑v Ë«ß∑Ld‹ «_Ë∞v «_ßd… ±Mc «¢πUÁ «∞J∑U°W «¢πUÁ «_Ë∞v («_ßd¢Os «∞F∑Oo «∞FBd «∞∑U¸¥ªOW «∞MU•OW ±s «∞Ld•KW ≥cÁ U ÎÒ √≠IO «∞NOd˨KOHw îDNU ≠w «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW Ø∑∂X ±s Ë«∞∏U±MW «∞ºU°FW Ë«_ßd¢Os «∞Ib¥LW «∞bË∞W Ë´Bd Ë«∞∏U≤OW) U ±s «∞OLOs ≈∞v «∞OºU¸ ≠OLU ´b« «∞∫Uô‹ «∞∑w ¢∫∑r ¢GOOd ¢∫∑r «∞∑w «∞∫Uô‹ ´b« ≠OLU «∞OºU¸ ≈∞v «∞OLOs ±s U ÎÒ Ë¸√ßO Ë«{∫W «∞KGu¥W «∞H∑d… ≥cÁ ≤Bu’ Ë¢∂bË «_ˉ. «ô≤∑IU‰ ´Bd «¢πUÁ «∞J∑U°W ∞∑∑u«¡Â ±l «¢πUÁ ±MEd ±FOs √Ë ≤h ±FOs ´Kv ´MBd ´Kv ±FOs ≤h √Ë ±FOs ±MEd «¢πUÁ ±l ∞∑∑u«¡Â «∞J∑U°W «¢πUÁ «_≥d«Â. ≤Bu’ Ë≠w «∞Ib¥LW «∞bË∞W ¬£U¸ ≠w ±FLU¸Í –Í ©∂OFW îUÅW, ØLU √Ê «∞∑MºOo Ë«∞AJq «∞πLU∞w ¢DKV «∞πLU∞w Ë«∞AJq «∞∑MºOo √Ê ØLU îUÅW, ©∂OFW –Í ±FLU¸Í elddiM naitpygE «∞ußOj: «∞FBd ≠w «∞KGW 2. ≠w °Fi «_•OUÊ √Ê ¢J∑V °Fi «∞MBu’ ±s «∞OºU¸ ≈∞v «∞OLOs. ≈∞v «∞OºU¸ ±s «∞MBu’ °Fi ¢J∑V √Ê «_•OUÊ °Fi ≠w Ë√±U «∞NOd«©OIOW Ë«∞b¥Lu©OIOW ≠JU≤X ¢J∑V œ«zLU ±s «∞OLOs ≈∞v «∞OLOs ±s œ«zLU ¢J∑V ≠JU≤X Ë«∞b¥Lu©OIOW «∞NOd«©OIOW Ë√±U ±M∑Bn ±s «∞H∑d… ≠w «∞KGu¥W «∞Ld•KW ≥cÁ îBUzh ™Nd‹ «∞OºU¸. Ë¥LJs ¢∫b¥b «¢πUÁ «∞Mh °U∞Mº∂W ∞KJ∑U°W «∞NOd˨KOHOW ∞KJ∑U°W °U∞Mº∂W «∞Mh «¢πUÁ ¢∫b¥b Ë¥LJs «∞OºU¸. Ë¢L∏q ´Ad…, «∞∏U±MW «_ßd… ±M∑Bn •∑v Ë«ß∑Ld‹ «∞∏U±MW «_ßd… •ºV «¢πUÁ «∞Fö±U‹ –«‹ «∞u§t Ë«∞ENd ±∏q «ù≤ºUÊ Ë«∞∫Ou«≤U‹ «ù≤ºUÊ ±∏q Ë«∞ENd «∞u§t –«‹ «∞Fö±U‹ «¢πUÁ •ºV «∞Ib¥LW. «∞LBd¥W ∞KGW °U∞Mº∂W «∞JU±q «∞MCZ ±d•KW «∞Ld•KW ≥cÁ Ë«∞DOu¸ Ë«∞eË«•n. ≠S–« ØU≤X «∞Fö±W ±∑πNW ≤∫u «∞OºU¸ ≥Jc« «∞OºU¸ ≤∫u ±∑πNW «∞Fö±W ØU≤X ≠S–« Ë«∞eË«•n. Ë«∞DOu¸ Ë´Bd «_ˉ «ô≤∑IU‰ ´Bd ±s «_ßd«‹ °Fi ¢U¸¥ªOU ¨DX ËÆb Ë√±U ´s ¢Du¸ «∞J∑U°W ≠w ±Bd Ë≥u «∞∑Du¸ «∞cÍ ¥∑C` ±s îö‰ ±s ¥∑C` «∞cÍ «∞∑Du¸ Ë≥u ±Bd ≠w «∞J∑U°W ¢Du¸ ´s Ë√±U «∞∫b¥∏W. «∞bË∞W Ë°b«¥W «∞∏U≤w «ô≤∑IU‰ Ë´Bd «∞ußDv «∞bË∞W ™Nu¸ îDu◊ √¸°FW ∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW –Ød‹ ±s Æ∂q ≠S≤t Æ∂q ±s –Ød‹ «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W ∞KGW √¸°FW îDu◊ ™Nu¸ («∞∫b¥Y): «∞L∑Qîd «∞FBd ≠w «∞KGW 3. ¥LJs •Bd «∞∑Du¸ ±s îj ≈∞v ¬îd Ë°U∞∑U∞w «∞FöÆW °Os îDu◊ °Os «∞FöÆW Ë°U∞∑U∞w ¬îd ≈∞v îj ±s «∞∑Du¸ •Bd ¥LJs weN ,naitpygE etaL naitpygE ≥cÁ «∞KGW, ¥LJs •BdÁ ≠w ≈©U¸ îDu◊ £ö£W ≥w «∞NOd˨KOHOW ≥w £ö£W îDu◊ ≈©U¸ ≠w •BdÁ ¥LJs «∞KGW, ≥cÁ ∞u§uœ ´öÆW îDOW Ë«{∫W îDOW ´öÆW ∞u§uœ Î ≤Ed« Ë«∞b¥Lu©OIOW. Ë«∞NOd«©OIOW ±Mc «_ßd«‹ ≤Bu’ ≠w Ë«{∫W «∞KGu¥W «∞Ld•KW ≥cÁ ¢∂bË ≠w ±FEr «∞∫Uô‹ Ë≥w «∞FöÆW «∞∑w ô ˧uœ ∞NU °U∞Mº∂W ∞Kªj °U∞Mº∂W ∞NU ˧uœ ô «∞∑w «∞FöÆW Ë≥w «∞∫Uô‹ ±FEr ≠w «∞ªU±ºW «_ßd… Ë•∑v ´Ad… «∞∏U±MW «_ßd… ±s «∞∏U≤w «∞MBn U «∞bË∞W «∞∫b¥∏W Ë«∞FBd «∞L∑Qîd. Ë«∞FBd «∞∫b¥∏W «∞bË∞W U ÎÒ ¢U¸¥ªO ¢ALq √Í Ë«∞FAd¥s

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(466-525 ‚.Â) ±d•KW îDOW £U∞∏W ¢L∏KX ≠w «∞ªj «∞b¥Lu©OIw «∞ªj ≠w ¢L∏KX £U∞∏W îDOW ±d•KW ‚.Â) (466-525 ±Bd √¸÷ ´Kv ±JUÊ Øq ≈∞v «∞∑∂ºOj ≥c« ¢uÅOq ØOHOW Ë√ÆBb ±s «∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw Ë¢ªKv ´s «∞J∏Od ´s Ë¢ªKv «∞NOd«©OIw «∞ªj ±s Î «î∑BU¸« √Ø∏d ≥u «∞cÍ ®Jq ®OuŸ √±d Ë«≤Fb °Dd¥I∑NU «∞∂Ad ±s ±πLu´W Øq ∞J∑∂X Ë≈ô ±s «∞ªj ±s Î ¢AU°JU Ë√Ø∏d Î Ë{u•U √Æq Ë√Å∂` «∞ªDOW «∞Cu«°j ±s . Î ©u¥ö Î ËÆ∑U «ß∑Gd‚ Æb «_±d ≥c« √Ê Ëô°b «∞ªj, «∞NOd«©OIw ˱s ≥MU ¢∂bË ÅFu°W «∞J∑U°W «∞b¥Lu©OIOW Ë°U∞∑U∞w «∞b¥Lu©OIOW «∞J∑U°W ÅFu°W ¢∂bË ≥MU ˱s «∞NOd«©OIw Æb ±Bd √¸÷ ´Kv ±JUÊ Øq ≠w «∞Ib±U¡ «∞LBd¥Os √Ê Ë¸¨r ÆKW ´bœ «∞L∑ªBBOs ≠ONU. ËÆb «“œ≥d ≥c« «∞ªj ≠w «∞FBd¥s ≠w «∞ªj ≥c« «“œ≥d ËÆb ≠ONU. «∞L∑ªBBOs ´bœ ÆKW ≠d{X «∞∑w «∞Fu«±q °Fi ≥MU„ √Ê ≈ô «∞∑∂ºOj °QßUßOU‹ «∞∑e±u« «∞∂DKLw Ë«∞d˱U≤w ËØ∑V √Ø∏d ±U Ø∑V ´Kv «∞∂dœÍ Ë«_Ëß∑d«ØU. «∞∂dœÍ ´Kv Ø∑V ±U √Ø∏d ËØ∑V Ë«∞d˱U≤w «∞∂DKLw «ù≤ºUÊ Ë¥b Ë«∞LJUÊ «∞e±UÊ Ë≥w «_ßUßOU‹ ≥cÁ ´Kv °BLU¢NU Ë≈–« ØU≤X «∞MBu’ «∞NOd«©OIOW ≥w ≤Bu’ œ¥MOW ≠w ±FELNU, ≠w œ¥MOW ≤Bu’ ≥w «∞NOd«©OIOW «∞MBu’ ØU≤X Ë≈–« ±Mn ≠w Ø∑∂X Ë£OIW √Ê ≤∑Bu¸ √Ê Ë∞MU «∞J∑U°W. ˱Uœ… «∞J∑U°W Ë√œ«… ∞K∫OU… Î ≈°d«“« «∞MBu’ √Ø∏d ≥w «∞b¥Lu©OIOW «∞MBu’ ≠SÊ «∞ªBUzh °Fi ≠w îDNU ¥ª∑Kn √Ê ô°b Î ±∏ö 02‚.Â. «∞IdÊ ≠w «ô§∑LU´OW Ë«ôÆ∑BUœ¥W ∞KAFV «∞LBdÍ. ∞KAFV Ë«ôÆ∑BUœ¥W «ô§∑LU´OW ≤U≥Op 51‚.Â. «∞IdÊ ≠w ©O∂W ≠w Ø∑∂X Ë£OIW ´s «_ßUßOW ¨Od £r ¢ENd «∞I∂DOW ±l ˧uœ «∞∂DU∞LW ≠w ±Bd Ë_≤NU Ø∑∂X °∫dË· Ø∑∂X Ë_≤NU ±Bd ≠w «∞∂DU∞LW ˧uœ ±l «∞I∂DOW ¢ENd £r «∞J∑U°W. ˱Uœ… √œ«… Ë≤uŸ ´b±t ±s «∞JU¢V ±NU¸… ´s ¥u≤U≤OW ≠KOf ≥MU„ ±s ´öÆW îDOW °OMNU Ë°Os «∞ªDu◊ «∞ºU°IW «∞ªDu◊ Ë°Os °OMNU îDOW ´öÆW ±s ≥MU„ ≠KOf ¥u≤U≤OW ¢∂ºOj ±d•KW «∞LBdÍ °b√ ±∑v ≥u ≤Hºt ¥DdÕ «∞cÍ Ë«∞ºR«‰ U, ËÆb U, ÎÒ ËÅu¢O U ÎÒ Ë≤∫u¥ U ÎÒ ∞Gu¥ Î «ß∑Ld«¸« •U‰ √¥W ´Kv ¢L∏q Ë∞JMNU √Ê ô°b «∞NOd«©OIw? «∞ªj ≈∞v ¢uÅq ±∑v ¬îd °LFMv √Ë «∞ªj? ßπq «∞LBd¥uÊ °NU «∞J∏Od ±s «∞MBu’ «∞∑w √∞IX «∞Cu¡ ´Kv «∞Cu¡ √∞IX «∞∑w «∞MBu’ ±s «∞J∏Od °NU «∞LBd¥uÊ ßπq «∞Ld•KW ≠w «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞ªj «ß∑Id«¸ °Fb •bÀ Æb «_±d ≥c« •CU¸… ±Bd «∞Ib¥LW ≠w «∞Ld•KW «∞L∑Qîd… ±s ¢U¸¥ªNU. ±s «∞L∑Qîd… «∞Ld•KW ≠w «∞Ib¥LW ±Bd •CU¸… «_Åq ≥u «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞ªj _Ê «∞LJ∑u» ±Bd ¢U¸¥a ±s «∞L∂Jd… > ´Bu¸ «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ´Bu¸ > «∞Fö±U‹ ™Nu¸ ≈∞v «∞ªDOW «∞b¸«ßU‹ Ë¢AOd ¢∂ºODt. ¢r «∞cÍ ¥MIºr «∞∑U¸¥a «∞LBdÍ «∞Ib¥r ≈∞v £ö£Os √ßd… Ë≥u ¢IºOr Ë≥u √ßd… £ö£Os ≈∞v «∞Ib¥r «∞LBdÍ «∞∑U¸¥a ¥MIºr ≥Od«©OIw ≤h ´Kv ≤F∏d ∞r Ë≈Ê «_Ë∞v, «_ßd… ±Mc «∞L∂ºDW Ë{Ft «∞LR¸Œ «∞LBdÍ «∞Ib¥r "±U≤O∑uÊ" «∞cÍ Ø∑V ¢U¸¥a ±Bd ¢U¸¥a Ø∑V «∞cÍ "±U≤O∑uÊ" «∞Ib¥r «∞LBdÍ «∞LR¸Œ Ë{Ft ÆDl ´Kv ´∏d •OY «∞d«°FW «_ßd… Æ∂q «∞∂dœÍ ˸‚ ´Kv ±J∑u» °U∞Ou≤U≤OW °∑JKOn ±s «∞LKp «∞∂DKLw "°DKOLu” «∞∏U≤w" •u«∞w «∞∏U≤w" "°DKOLu” «∞∂DKLw «∞LKp ±s °∑JKOn °U∞Ou≤U≤OW ≠w «∞NOd«©OIw °U∞ªj ≤h ´KONU ±ºπq «∞∂dœÍ ±s ÅGOd… ´U 082‚.Â, ËË{l «∞LR¸îuÊ «∞L∫b£uÊ ≥cÁ «_ßd«‹ ≠w ≈©U¸ ≠w «_ßd«‹ ≥cÁ «∞L∫b£uÊ «∞LR¸îuÊ ËË{l 082‚.Â, ´U ∞KLKp «∞πMUzeÍ «∞LF∂b ≠w ´KOt ´∏d ±U ´Kv ´öË… «∞π∂KOs ´Bu¸ ¢U¸¥ªOW ØFBu¸ «∞bË∞W «∞Ib¥LW Ë«∞ußDv Ë«∞∫b¥∏W...≈∞a. Ë«∞ußDv «∞Ib¥LW «∞bË∞W ØFBu¸ ¢U¸¥ªOW ´Bu¸ ±∫Hu™W «∞IDl ≥cÁ (°Fi «∞πOe… §Mu» ÅOd √°w ≠w "ßU•u¸Ÿ" ≠w «∞L∑∫n «∞LBdÍ Ë«_îdÈ «∞LBdÍ «∞L∑∫n ≠w ≠w ±∑U•n √§M∂OW). ±∑U•n ≠w ˱s •ºs •k ±Bd √Ê ¢uÅq √Ê ±Bd •k •ºs ˱s «ù≤ºUÊ «∞LBdÍ «∞Ib¥r ≈∞v «∞Ib¥r «∞LBdÍ «ù≤ºUÊ «î∑d«Ÿ ≥Uzq ¢d„ °BLU‹ ¢d„ ≥Uzq «î∑d«Ÿ Ë«{∫W ∞Of ≠Ij ´Kv «∞∫CU¸… ´Kv ≠Ij ∞Of Ë«{∫W «∞LBd¥W Ë∞Js √¥CU ´Kv °Fi ´Kv √¥CU Ë∞Js «∞LBd¥W •CU¸«‹ «∞FU∞r «∞Ib¥r, Ë≥u «∞Ib¥r, «∞FU∞r •CU¸«‹ «∞∂dœÍ ØLUœ… √ßUßOW °U∞Mº∂W √ßUßOW ØLUœ… «∞∂dœÍ ∞Kªj «∞NOd«©OIw ˨OdÁ ±s ˨OdÁ «∞NOd«©OIw ∞Kªj «∞ªDu◊, Ëô°b √Ê «∞LBdÍ Æb «∞LBdÍ √Ê Ëô°b «∞ªDu◊, ¢uÅq ≈∞v ≥c« «ôî∑d«Ÿ ±Mc «ôî∑d«Ÿ ≥c« ≈∞v ¢uÅq ´Bd «_ßd… «_Ë∞v ´Kv √Æq ´Kv «_Ë∞v «_ßd… ´Bd ¢Ib¥d, •OY ´∏d ´Kv °Fi ÆDl °Fi ´Kv ´∏d •OY ¢Ib¥d, ÅGOd… ±s ˸‚ «∞∂dœÍ îU∞OW ±s îU∞OW «∞∂dœÍ ˸‚ ±s ÅGOd… «∞J∑U°W ≠w ±I∂d… "•r ØU" ≠w ØU" "•r ±I∂d… ≠w «∞J∑U°W ßIU¸… (´U‘ ≠w ´Nb «∞LKp ´Nb ≠w (´U‘ ßIU¸… "œÊ" √•b ±Ku„ «_ßd… «_Ë∞v) «_ßd… ±Ku„ √•b "œÊ" Ë≥w ±∫Hu™W ≠w «∞L∑∫n ≠w ±∫Hu™W Ë≥w «∞LBdÍ {Ls ±I∑MOU‹ ≥c« ±I∑MOU‹ {Ls «∞LBdÍ «∞Aªh. Ë≥Jc« ≤π` «∞LBdÍ ≤π` Ë≥Jc« «∞Aªh. ≠w ¢∫IOo ≈≤πU“¥s ≥U±Os ≥LU ≥U±Os ≈≤πU“¥s ¢∫IOo ≠w ¢∂ºOj «∞J∑U°W Ë«î∑d«Ÿ ±Uœ… Ë«î∑d«Ÿ «∞J∑U°W ¢∂ºOj ÅU∞∫W ∞NcÁ «∞J∑U°W «∞L∂ºDW, «∞J∑U°W ∞NcÁ ÅU∞∫W ßNKW «ôß∑FLU‰, ËîHOHW «∞u“Ê, ËîHOHW «ôß∑FLU‰, ßNKW ¢u≠d «∞πNb Ë«∞uÆX Ë≥w «∞∂dœÍ Ë≥w Ë«∞uÆX «∞πNb ¢u≠d Ë°Ld˸ «∞uÆX Ë∞úß∂U» «∞∑w Ë∞úß∂U» «∞uÆX Ë°Ld˸ –Ød≤U≥U ¬≤HU ™Nd‹ ±l °b«¥W ±l ™Nd‹ ¬≤HU –Ød≤U≥U «_ßd… «∞ºUœßW Ë«∞FAd¥s «∞ºUœßW «_ßd…

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¥IU°KNU ±s «∞MU•OW «∞Bu¢OW ≠w «∞KGW «∞Ou≤U≤OW Ë≥w ¢Fbœ îDu◊ ¢Fbœ Ë≥w «∞Ou≤U≤OW «∞KGW ≠w «∞Bu¢OW «∞MU•OW ±s ¥IU°KNU Ë«_Ëß∑d«ØU «∞∂dœÍ ±∏q «∞ºd¥l «∞ªj ≈ô ±FNU ¥BK` ô Ø∑U°W ±u«œ «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW, ËÆ∂q √Ê ≤M∑Iq ≈∞v ≤IDW √îdÈ √ØUœ √¢Bu¸ √ØUœ √îdÈ ≤IDW ≈∞v ≤M∑Iq √Ê ËÆ∂q «∞Ib¥LW, «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW «∞∑HUÅOq îj - «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞ªj ´Jf ´Kv Ë–∞p («∞AIU≠W) √Ê «∞IU¸Δ ≠w «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW ßu· ¥∑ºU¡‰ ∞LU–« Øq ≥cÁ Øq ∞LU–« ¥∑ºU¡‰ ßu· «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ≠w «∞IU¸Δ √Ê ¥MIg ØUÊ •OY «∞CªLW «∞LMAP‹ ±l √Ø∏d ¥∑MUßV «∞cÍ - «∞ªDu◊ ∞KGW Ë«•b… ËØOn ØU≤X ¢∑r ´LKOW «ô≤∑IU‰ ±s îj üîd? îj ±s «ô≤∑IU‰ ´LKOW ¢∑r ØU≤X ËØOn Ë«•b… ∞KGW «∞ªDu◊ Ë«∞∫∂d. «∞∂u’ °IKr ¥J∑V ≠JUÊ «∞NOd«©OIw «∞ªj Ë√±U °U_“«±Oq, ¥LJs «∞Iu‰ - ≠w ≥c« «∞Bbœ - °QÊ «∞H∑d… «∞e±MOW «∞Du¥KW «∞∑w «∞Du¥KW «∞e±MOW «∞H∑d… °QÊ - «∞Bbœ ≥c« ≠w - «∞Iu‰ ¥LJs ´U®∑NU «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW √œ‹ ≈∞v ™Nu¸ ±d«•q ∞Gu¥W ßu· ∞Gu¥W ±d«•q ™Nu¸ ≈∞v √œ‹ «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ´U®∑NU citomeD «∞b¥Lu©OIw: «∞ªj > ≈∞v ™Nu¸ ±d«•q îDOW ±d«•q ™Nu¸ ≈∞v Î √¥CU √œ‹ ØLU °Fb, ≠OLU ´MNU ≤∑∫bÀ ¢∑MUßV ±l ™dË· «∞FBd ˱l ±∑DK∂U‹ «∞Ld«•q «∞KGu¥W ≠w °Fi ≠w «∞KGu¥W «∞Ld«•q ±∑DK∂U‹ ˱l «∞FBd ™dË· ±l ¢∑MUßV someD "œ¥Lu”" «∞Ou≤U≤OW «∞JKLW ±s «∞ªj ≥c« ±ºLv «®∑o «_•OUÊ. ≠U∞ªj «∞NOd˨KOHw ≥u «∞Bu¸… «∞JU±KW ∞KFö±W Ë≥u ∞KFö±W «∞JU±KW «∞Bu¸… ≥u «∞NOd˨KOHw ≠U∞ªj «_•OUÊ. «∞LºLv ≥c« ¥FMw Ëô "®F∂w", √Í "œ¥Lu¢OJu”" ±MNU Ë«∞Mº∂W Ë«∞cÍ ¥ªdà ≠w ≈©U¸ ¢∫JLt Æu«´b îDOW. Æu«´b ¢∫JLt ≈©U¸ ≠w ¥ªdà ˫∞cÍ Î Ë{u•U «_Ø∏d «∞ªj ≥u Ë≈≤LU ±Bd, ≠w «∞AF∂OW «∞D∂IU‹ Ë°Os «∞ªj ≥c« °Os «∞d°j ≥c« «∞ªj «∞cÍ ØUÊ ¥º∑ªb √Ø∏d ±U ¥º∑ªb ´Kv «_•πU¸ «∞∑w «_•πU¸ ´Kv ¥º∑ªb ±U √Ø∏d ¥º∑ªb ØUÊ «∞cÍ «∞ªj ≥c« ∞KGW °U∞Mº∂W «∞dÆFW °ªj ¥IU¸Ê √Ê Ë¥LJs «∞Ou±OW «∞LFU±ö‹ îj ¢DK∂X î∂d«¡ ≠w «∞ªj «∞LMIu‘ Ë≠w «ß∑ªb«Â «üô‹ «∞∫Uœ… «üô‹ «ß∑ªb«Â Ë≠w «∞LMIu‘ «∞ªj ≠w î∂d«¡ ¢DK∂X «∞Fd°OW. ØU_“«±Oq, Ë∞MU √Ê ≤∑Bu¸ ±U–« ¥LJs √Ê ¥∫bÀ ≠w •U∞W •bËÀ •U∞W ≠w ¥∫bÀ √Ê ¥LJs ±U–« ≤∑Bu¸ √Ê Ë∞MU ØU_“«±Oq, «∞LOöœ Æ∂q «∞∏U±s «∞IdÊ ±Mc ™Nd «∞cÍ «∞b¥Lu©OIw «∞ªj Ë¥L∏q îDQ Ëô°b √≤t ≠w √¨KV «_•u«‰ ØUÊ «∞∫πd ¥º∑∂b‰ °∫πd ¬îd °∫πd ¥º∑∂b‰ «∞∫πd ØUÊ «_•u«‰ √¨KV ≠w √≤t Ëô°b îDQ «∞∏U∞∏W «∞ªDOW «∞Ld•KW «∞LOöœÍ- «∞ªU±f «∞IdÊ •∑v Ë«ß∑Ld ∞O∂b√ «∞JU¢V ±s §b¥b Ë¥COl «∞uÆX Ë«∞πNb Ë«∞LU‰, Ë≠w Øq Ë≠w Ë«∞LU‰, Ë«∞πNb «∞uÆX Ë¥COl §b¥b ±s «∞JU¢V ∞O∂b√ ∞∑Fbœ ≤∑OπW «∞ªj ≥c« ™Nu¸ ˧U¡ Ë«∞NOd«©OIw, «∞NOd˨KOHw °Fb «_•u«‰ ØUÊ ¥LJs ≈ÅöÕ «∞ªDQ ¸°LU °∑GDO∑t °D∂IW §BOW £r §BOW °D∂IW °∑GDO∑t ¸°LU «∞ªDQ ≈ÅöÕ ¥LJs ØUÊ «_•u«‰ ¢∫∑Uà ˫∞∑w ±MNU «ùœ«¸¥W Î ËîBuÅU «∞LFU±ö‹ ËØ∏d… «_≤ADW ¥J∑V ≠uÆNU ±s §b¥b, ËÆb ¢ºIj ≥cÁ «∞D∂IW °Fb ≠∑d… ±s «∞e±s. ±s ≠∑d… °Fb «∞D∂IW ≥cÁ ¢ºIj ËÆb §b¥b, ±s ≠uÆNU ¥J∑V ¸zOºO∑Os ±Uœ¢Os ´Kv «∞ªj ≥c« Ø∑V ËÆb «ù≤πU“. ≠w ∞ºd´W ≈∞v §U≤V –∞p ≠KMU √Ê ≤∑Bu¸ ÅFu°W ≤Iq «_•πU¸ «∞LbË≤W ´KONU «∞LbË≤W «_•πU¸ ≤Iq ÅFu°W ≤∑Bu¸ √Ê ≠KMU –∞p §U≤V ≈∞v («∞AIU≠W). Ë«_Ëß∑d«ØU «∞∂dœÍ Ë≥LU Î ´bœ« ≈ô ¢∫Lq √Ê ¥LJs ô Î ±∏ö ≠U∞b«°W üîd, ±JUÊ ±s «∞MBu’ ±s «∞∫πU¸ «∞LMIu‘ ´KONU. «∞LMIu‘ «∞∫πU¸ ±s ÎÒ §b« Î ±∫bËœ« citpoC : «∞I∂Dw «∞ªj > ˱s ≥MU √œ¸„ «∞LBdÍ √≤t ô°b ±s «∞∂∫Y ´s ±Uœ… √îdÈ √Ø∏d √îdÈ ±Uœ… ´s «∞∂∫Y ±s ô°b √≤t «∞LBdÍ √œ¸„ ≥MU ˱s "Æ∂Dw" ËØKLW «∞Ib¥LW, «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ±s «_îOd… «∞Ld•KW ≥u ßNu∞W ∞KJ∑U°W ´KONU Ë´s îj √°ºj ±s «∞ªj «∞NOd˨KOHw, Ë∞c« «∞NOd˨KOHw, «∞ªj ±s √°ºj îj Ë´s ´KONU ∞KJ∑U°W ßNu∞W «∞Lu«©s ≈∞v ≈®U¸… "±BdÍ" Ë¢FMw √¥πu°∑w «∞Ou≤U≤OW ±s «∞LA∑IW ™Nd «∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw «∞cÍ ØUÊ ±s ≤∑UzZ §KºU‹ ≤IU‘ ©u¥KW ≤IU‘ §KºU‹ ≤∑UzZ ±s ØUÊ «∞cÍ «∞NOd«©OIw «∞ªj ™Nd ≠w ∞G∑t ´s ´∂d‹ «∞∑w «∞J∑U°W Ë≈∞v ±Bd √¸÷ ´Kv ´U‘ «∞cÍ °Os «∞L∑FKLOs ±s √°MU¡ ±Bd Ë«∞c¥s ¢BbË« ∞Nc« «_±d, √±d «_±d, ∞Nc« ¢BbË« Ë«∞c¥s ±Bd √°MU¡ ±s «∞L∑FKLOs °Os «∞LBd¥W ∞KGW «_îOd «∞BbÈ ≥w «∞I∂DOW Ë_Ê «∞Ld•KW. ≥cÁ «∞Fö±U‹ «∞NOd˨KOHOW, Ëô°b √≤Nr «¢HIu« ´Kv {u«°j ∞K∑∂ºOj, {u«°j ´Kv «¢HIu« √≤Nr Ëô°b «∞NOd˨KOHOW, «∞Fö±U‹ •dË· «ß∑ªb«Â •OY ±s îUÅW ∞Gu¥W √≥LOW ¢L∏q ≠Nw «∞Ib¥LW ) ±b∞u∞NU «∞AJKw ≠w «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ≠w «∞AJKw ±b∞u∞NU ) n ( «∞Fö±W ¢HIb ô •∑v Î ≠L∏ö «∞cÍ «_±d «∞LBd¥W, «∞KGW îDu◊ ±s îj ≠w ±d… _ˉ «∞∫dØW «∞Ib¥LW ô°b √≤t ØU≤X ≥MU„ ±∫UËô‹ Ø∏Od… ¢∑FKo °∑ªHOi ´bœ °∑ªHOi ¢∑FKo Ø∏Od… ±∫UËô‹ ≥MU„ ØU≤X √≤t ô°b «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W ∞KGW Å∫O` ≤Do √Æd» ≈∞v «∞∑uÅq ≠w Ø∂Od •b ≈∞v ßU´b √Ë Î £ö£U ∞∑JuÊ ±OUÁ ±u§W ¢L∏q «∞∑w ) n ( ∞KFö±W «∞LJu≤W «∞u•b«‹ «∞Ib¥LW. ±s ßX, √Ë ¢∂b√ «∞Fö±W √Ë ¢M∑Nw °LU ¥AOd ≈∞v «∞Lu§W ≈∞v ¥AOd °LU ¢M∑Nw √Ë «∞Fö±W ¢∂b√ √Ë ßX, ±s Î °bô Î √¸°FU «∞Ld•KW ≥cÁ «∞LBdÍ ¥J∑V √Ê ≈∞v √œ‹ «∞∑w «_ß∂U» ´s Î Ë°∫∏U ±l ≈∞GU¡ «∞u•b«‹ «∞ußDv. Ë∞FKNr «ß∑IdË« ≠w «∞MNU¥W ´Kv √Ê ´Kv «∞MNU¥W ≠w «ß∑IdË« Ë∞FKNr «∞ußDv. «∞u•b«‹ ≈∞GU¡ ±l ¥LJs ≠S≤t ¥u≤U≤OW, °∫dË· «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ±d«•q ±s «_îOd… ¢Q¢w «∞Lu§W ≠w îj Ë«•b ±ºD` ¥IKq ±s •dØW «∞Fö±W ˱s «∞Fö±W •dØW ±s ¥IKq ±ºD` Ë«•b îj ≠w «∞Lu§W ¢Q¢w ˧uœ ≠w ¢∑L∏q ´LKOW _ß∂U» «{Dd Æb ØUÊ «∞LBdÍ °QÊ «∞Iu‰ «∞πNb Ë«∞uÆX, Ë≥Jc« √Å∂∫X «∞Fö±W ¢J∑V ≥Jc« ±l ±d«´U… ±l ≥Jc« ¢J∑V «∞Fö±W √Å∂∫X Ë≥Jc« Ë«∞uÆX, «∞πNb ±FNr, «∞∑HU≥r ËßOKW ∞t ¥ºNq îj ´s ¥∂∫Y _Ê «∞Ge«… «∞Ou≤U≤OOs ˧uœ °IU¥U «∞∫∂d ≠w ≤NU¥W «∞Fö±W. Ë∞r ¥Js «∞πNb ØKt ≠w «ô¢HU‚ ≠w ØKt «∞πNb ¥Js Ë∞r «∞Fö±W. ≤NU¥W ≠w «∞∫∂d °IU¥U ˧uœ «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW √Åu«‹ ´s ¢F∂d ∞Jw «∞Ou≤U≤OW «_°πb¥W ≠Uî∑U¸ ´Kv ¢∂ºOj «∞Fö±W, Ë≈≤LU ØUÊ ≥MU„ §Nb ¬îd ô ¥Iq √≥LOW, ¥Iq ô ¬îd §Nb ≥MU„ ØUÊ Ë≈≤LU «∞Fö±W, ¢∂ºOj ´Kv ±U ∞NU Ë∞Of «∞b¥Lu©OIOW ±s ±Qîu–… ´ö±U‹ ß∂l ≈∞ONU Ë√{U·

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°OMNU Ë°Os «_œ«… «∞LF∂d… ´s «∞KGW, Ë≥w «∞J∑U°W, ¢MUßo Ë_Ê «∞ªj Ë_Ê ¢MUßo «∞J∑U°W, Ë≥w «∞KGW, ´s «∞LF∂d… «_œ«… Ë°Os °OMNU ¢FMw? ±U–« - «∞ªd©u‘ °Ußr °Fb «∞NOd˨KOHw - îj «∞Fö±U‹ «∞JU±KW - ≥u √Æb «∞ªDu◊ «∞LBd¥W «∞ªDu◊ √Æb ≥u - «∞JU±KW «∞Fö±U‹ îj - «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞LKp «ßr ËÆd√ ±CLu≤t Ë≠Nr «∞Ou≤U≤w «∞Mh ®U±∂KOuÊ Æd√ ∞Ib , ≠Ib ∞πQ «∞LBdÍ ≠w «∞LBdÍ ∞πQ ≠Ib , Π˧LUô Î Ë{u•U Ë√Ø∏d≥U Î ´Ld« Ë√©u∞NU «_´ö √ßLU¡ ´Kv «ô´∑LUœ ±MNZ ßKp √≤t Ë«∞u«{` °DKOLu”, °Fi «∞Ld«•q «∞e±MOW ≈∞v ¢∂ºODt Ë¢L∏q –∞p ≠w «∞ªj ≠w –∞p Ë¢L∏q ¢∂ºODt ≈∞v «∞e±MOW «∞Ld«•q °Fi «∞cÍ «∞Ldßu ≥c« √Ê ≠d{OW ±s Ë¢∫d„ ∞K∑GOd, Ø∏Od« «∞IU°KW ¨Od «∞NOd«©OIw, £r ∞πQ ≈∞v ¢∂ºOj ¬îd ≠w ±d•KW ¢U∞OW, Ë¢L∏q –∞p Ë¢L∏q ¢U∞OW, ±d•KW ≠w ¬îd ¢∂ºOj ≈∞v ∞πQ £r «∞NOd«©OIw, Ë√≤t ô°b 691‚.Â. ´U «∞ªU±f °DKOLu” «∞LKp ´Nb ≠w Åb¸ ≠w «∞ªj «∞b¥Lu©OIv, «_±d «∞cÍ ¥FMw √Ê ≥MU„ ´öÆW îDOW ´öÆW ≥MU„ √Ê ¥FMw «∞cÍ «_±d «∞b¥Lu©OIv, «∞ªj ≠w «∞u©MOW, «∞KGW îDu◊ ±s °ªDOs «∞Ou≤U≤OW §U≤V ≈∞v Ø∑V Æb Ë«{∫W °Os «∞ªDu◊ «∞∏ö£W. √±U «∞ªj «∞d«°l ±s îDu◊ «∞KGW îDu◊ ±s «∞d«°l «∞ªj √±U «∞∏ö£W. «∞ªDu◊ °Os Ë«{∫W «∞ªDOs ≠w ¥IU°q ßu· °U∞Ou≤U≤OW °DKOLu” «ßr √Ê Ëô°b «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW Ë≥u «∞ªj «∞I∂Dw ≠Ib Ø∑V °U_°πb¥W «∞Ou≤U≤OW °U_°πb¥W Ø∑V ≠Ib «∞I∂Dw «∞ªj Ë≥u «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞ªDu◊ ≠w ®U±∂KOuÊ î∂d… {u¡ Ë≠w Ë«∞b¥Lu©OIw, «∞NOd˨KOHw ≈∞ONU ß∂l ´ö±U‹ ±s «∞J∑U°W «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW ≠w ®JKNU ≠w «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞J∑U°W ±s ´ö±U‹ ß∂l ≈∞ONU Î ±CU≠U - °Fb ≠OLU ∞t «¢C` ±U - «´∑∂U¸ ´Kv ∞KI∂DOW Ëœ¸«ß∑t «∞Ib¥LW «∞b¥Lu©OIOw ∞r ¥∑u≠d ≤DINU ≠w «∞Fö±U‹ «∞Ou≤U≤OW Ë«∞∑w ßOdœ Ë«∞∑w «∞Ou≤U≤OW «∞Fö±U‹ ≠w ≤DINU ¥∑u≠d ∞r «∞b¥Lu©OIOw ™q Ë≠w «∞Ib¥LW, «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ±d«•q ±s «_îOd… «∞Ld•KW √≤NU –Ød≥U ≠OLU °Fb. ≠OLU –Ød≥U ¢Fbœ‹ ±NLU ¢∑GOd ô «_´ö _ßLU¡ «∞ºUØMW «∞∫dË· °QÊ ≈œ¸«Øt ≠OLU ¥∑FKo °LºLv «∞KGW °LºLv ¥∑FKo ≠OLU Î ®UzFU Î îDμU ≤B∫` √Ê «∞LMUßV ±s Ë∞FKt ô ±πbÍ ±∏q Î «ßLU √Ê ≤πb «∞Fd°OW ≠Hw °NU, Ø∑∂X «∞∑w «∞KGU‹ «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW, ≠U∞AUzl √Ê ¥AU¸ ≈∞ONU °U∞KGW «∞NOd˨KOHOW, °U∞KGW ≈∞ONU ¥AU¸ √Ê ≠U∞AUzl «∞Ib¥LW, «∞LBd¥W îHHX Ë≈Ê •ºs, ËØc∞p ¢ºIj, √Ê «_Ë∞v «∞∏ö£W ∞K∫dË· ¥LJs U¸≤W –∞p °U∞KGW «∞Fd°OW, °U∞KGW –∞p U¸≤W ±I Ë¥LJs ∞GW, Ë∞OºX îj ≠U∞NOd˨KOHOW ¢∑L∏q ßu· «∞BFu°W √Ê ≈ô √°b∞X, √Ë «≤IK∂X √Ë «∞∫dË· °Fi ≠Nw ∞GW Ë«•b… Ø∑∂X °Fb… îDu◊ ´b…, ±MNU «∞Mºa Ë«∞dÆFW Ë«∞∏KY Ë«∞dÆFW «∞Mºa ±MNU ´b…, îDu◊ °Fb… Ø∑∂X Ë«•b… ∞GW ≠Nw √Ë °U∞CLW √Ë °U∞H∑∫W «∞ºu«Øs ≤Do ¢∫bœ «∞∑w «∞∫dØW •dË· ≠w Ë«∞Ju≠w Ë«∞b¥u«≤w..≈∞a. Ë_≤t ô ¥LJs √Ê ≤Iu‰ «∞KGW «∞Mºa √Ë «∞KGW √Ë «∞Mºa «∞KGW ≤Iu‰ √Ê ¥LJs ô Ë_≤t Ë«∞b¥u«≤w..≈∞a. Ë«∞Ju≠w ¥πw¡ «∞∫dØW •dË· ±s «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW Ë∞ªKu °U∞Jºd…. «∞Ju≠w, Ë´KOt ≠S≤t ô ¥LJs √Ê ≤AOd ≈∞v îDu◊ «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW îDu◊ ≈∞v ≤AOd √Ê ¥LJs ô ≠S≤t Ë´KOt «∞Ju≠w, •dË· ≠ONU ™Nd‹ «∞∑w «∞I∂DOW √Ê ≈ô «∞ºu«Øs, ≤Do ≠w «ôî∑ö· ´Kv √≤NU ∞GU‹, ≠Nw ∞GW ±Bd¥W Ë«•b… ´∂d ´MNU «∞LBdÍ Ø∑U°W °ªDu◊ Ø∑U°W «∞LBdÍ ´MNU ´∂d Ë«•b… ±Bd¥W ∞GW ≠Nw ∞GU‹, √≤NU ´Kv Ø∂Od. •b ≈∞v «_±d •ºLX «∞∫dØW √¸°FW. «ßr {r ±d«‹ ßX ¢Jd¸ Î Ë«•b« " Î "îd©u®U ¸®Ob •πd ¢CLs cihpylgoreiH «∞NOd˨KOHw: «∞ªj > °Uù{U≠W "≠OKW" ±ºKW ´Kv ˸œ «∞cÍ «ôßr Ë≥u °DKOLu” «∞LKp «®∑IX ØKLW "≥Od˨KOHw" ±s «∞JKL∑Os «∞Ou≤U≤O∑Os "≥OdË”" «∞Ou≤U≤O∑Os «∞JKL∑Os ±s "≥Od˨KOHw" ØKLW «®∑IX îd©u‘ ≠w «∞u«¸œ… «∞Fö±U‹ ®U±∂KOuÊ ßπq ØKOu°U¢d«, «ßr ≈∞v Ë¢FMOUÊ "«∞J∑U°W «∞LIbßW" ≈®U¸… «∞LIbßW" "«∞J∑U°W Ë¢FMOUÊ sohpolG Ë"§Ku≠u”" soreiH ØKOu°U¢d« ∞ªd©u‘ °U∞Mº∂W «∞Aw¡ ≤Hf Ë≠Fq ˸ÆLNU °DKOLu” ≈∞v √≤NU ØU≤X ¢J∑V ´Kv §b¸«Ê «_±UØs «∞LIbßW ØU∞LFU°b Ë«∞LIU°d ØU∞LFU°b «∞LIbßW «_±UØs §b¸«Ê ´Kv ¢J∑V ØU≤X √≤NU ≈∞v «∞Bu¢OW «∞IOLW ≠w «ôßLOs ô®∑d«„ Î ≤Ed« ≠OKW ±ºKW ´Kv «∞u«¸œ Ë"«∞J∑U°W «∞LMIu®W" _≤NU ØU≤X ¢MHc °QßKu» «∞MIg «∞∂U¸“ √Ë «∞GUzd √Ë «∞∂U¸“ «∞MIg °QßKu» ¢MHc ØU≤X _≤NU «∞LMIu®W" Ë"«∞J∑U°W Ë«∞öÂ. Ë«∞∑U¡ ØU∞∂U¡ «∞Fö±U‹ ∞∂Fi ´Kv §b¸«Ê «ü£U¸ «∞∏U°∑W («∞L∂U≤w) Ë´Kv «ü£U¸ «∞LMIu∞W («∞∑LU£Oq «∞LMIu∞W «ü£U¸ Ë´Kv («∞L∂U≤w) «∞∏U°∑W «ü£U¸ §b¸«Ê ´Kv ËÆU°q ±MNLU, •d· Øq ˸Ær °U∞Ou≤U≤OW «ôßLOs ≤Hf Ëßπq Ë«∞Ku•U‹..≈∞a). ≠w ¥IU°KNU ˱U °U∞NOd˨KOHOW °DKOLu” «ßr ±s «_Ë∞v «∞Fö±W «ßLt °U∞Ou≤U≤OW ≠w ≈©U¸ «∞LMNZ «∞cÍ √®d‹ ≈∞Ot ±s Æ∂q, Ë«∞cÍ Æ∂q, ±s ≈∞Ot √®d‹ «∞cÍ «∞LMNZ ≈©U¸ ≠w °U∞Ou≤U≤OW «ßLt citareiH «∞NOd«©OIw: «∞ªj > ±Rœ«Á √Ê «∞∏u«°X ≠w √ßLU¡ «_´ö ô ¢∑GOd, Ë√±Js ∞t √Ê ¥∑Fd· √Ê ∞t Ë√±Js ¢∑GOd, ô «_´ö √ßLU¡ ≠w «∞∏u«°X √Ê ±Rœ«Á «®∑IX ØKLW "≥Od«©OIw" ±s «∞JKLW «∞Ou≤U≤OW «∞JKLW ±s "≥Od«©OIw" ØKLW «®∑IX ´Kv Î «´∑LUœ« «∞NOd˨KOHOW «∞Fö±U‹ ∞∂Fi «∞Bu¢OW «∞IOLW ´Kv Ë¢FMw ØNMu¢w ≈®U¸… ≈∞v √Ê «∞JNMW √Ê ≈∞v ≈®U¸… ØNMu¢w Ë¢FMw sokitareiH "≥Od«¢OJu”" √±Js «∞LIU¸≤W «∞b¸«ßU‹ ±s Ë°Le¥b «∞Ou≤U≤OW. ≠w «∞Bu¢OW ÆOL∑NU ØU≤u« √Ø∏d «∞MU” «ß∑ªb«±U ∞Nc« «∞ªj •OY ≈Ê ≤º∂W Ø∂Od… ±s Ø∂Od… ≤º∂W ≈Ê •OY «∞ªj ∞Nc« «ß∑ªb«±U «∞MU” √Ø∏d ØU≤u« «∞Fö±U‹, ±s ∞J∏Od «∞Bu¢OW «∞IOLW ´Kv ¥∑Fd· √Ê "®U±∂KOuÊ" «∞MBu’ «∞NOd«©OIOW ËîUÅW ≠w «∞FBu¸ «∞L∑Qîd… ≥w ≤Bu’ ≥w «∞L∑Qîd… «∞FBu¸ ≠w ËîUÅW «∞NOd«©OIOW «∞MBu’ ¸±u“ ≠p ±s ¢LJs √≤t «∞FU∞r ´Kv ®U±∂KOuÊ √´Ks 2281 ´U Ë≠w œ¥MOW, ËØ∑V ±FELNU °u«ßDW «∞JNMW. Ë«∞ªj «∞NOd«©OIw ≥u «∞NOd«©OIw Ë«∞ªj «∞JNMW. °u«ßDW ±FELNU ËØ∑V œ¥MOW, ¢Iu ô «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ≠w «∞JKLW °MOW Ë√Ê «∞Ib¥LW, «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ¢∂ºOj ∞Kªj «∞NOd˨KOHw √Ë °LFMv ¬îd «î∑BU¸ ∞t, Ë∞Fq «∞LBdÍ Ë∞Fq ∞t, «î∑BU¸ ¬îd °LFMv √Ë «∞NOd˨KOHw ∞Kªj ¢∂ºOj ∞∫d· «∞Bu¢OW «∞IOLW ¢FDw ´ö±U‹ ´Kv ¢Iu Ë≈≤LU √°πb¥W ´Kv «∞Ib¥r Æb ¢uÅq ≈∞v ≥cÁ «∞ªDu◊ «∞NU±W ≠w ±πU‰ ≠s «∞ªj ≠s ±πU‰ ≠w «∞NU±W «∞ªDu◊ ≥cÁ ≈∞v ¢uÅq Æb «∞Ib¥r ≠w «∞LªBBU‹ «ß∑ªb«Â Ë√Øb ∞∏ö£W, Ë£U∞∏W ô£MOs Ë√îdÈ Ë«•b _ß∂U» Ø∏Od… ±MNU √Ê «∞ªj «∞NOd˨KOHw Ë≥u îj «∞Fö±U‹ îj Ë≥u «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞ªj √Ê ±MNU Ø∏Od… _ß∂U» «∞JKLW. ±FMv ∞∑∫b¥b «∞LHdœ«‹ ≤NU¥W «∞JU±KW ô ¥∑MUßV ±l ©∂OFW «∞MBu’ «∞b≤Ou¥W Ë«∞b¥MOW «∞∑w Ë«∞b¥MOW «∞b≤Ou¥W «∞MBu’ ©∂OFW ±l ¥∑MUßV ô «∞JU±KW , ØLU ¢DK∂X ØLU , Î ßd¥FU U ÎÒ îD ¢DK∂X Ë«∞∑w «∞∫OU… •dØW °U“œ¥Uœ «“œ«œ‹ «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ÅdÕ ≠w «_Ë∞v «∞K∂MU‹ "®U±∂KOuÊ" Ë{l Ë≥Jc« ˧U¡ ±s °FbÁ «∞LμU‹ ±s «∞∂U•∏Os «∞c¥s √ßNLu« ≠w «ß∑JLU‰ °MU¡ «ß∑JLU‰ ≠w √ßNLu« «∞c¥s «∞∂U•∏Os ±s «∞LμU‹ °FbÁ ±s ˧U¡ ≥c« «∞BdÕ «∞AU±a. Ë°LFd≠W «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW °b√ «∞GLu÷ °b√ «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW Ë°LFd≠W «∞AU±a. «∞BdÕ ≥c« ¥MπKw ´s «∞∫CU¸… «∞LBd¥W Ë√îc ´Kr «∞LBd¥U‹ ¥Ao ©d¥It ¥Ao «∞LBd¥U‹ ´Kr Ë√îc «∞LBd¥W «∞∫CU¸… ´s ¥MπKw °Iu… °Os «∞FKu «_îdÈ. «∞FKu °Os °Iu… îDu◊ «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW: «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW îDu◊ Ø∑∂X «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW °ªDu◊ √¸°FW ≥w: «∞NOd˨KOHOW, ≥w: √¸°FW °ªDu◊ «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW Ø∑∂X Ë«∞NOd«©OIOW, Ë«∞b¥Lu©OIOW, Ë«∞I∂DOW, Ë≥w îDu◊ ∞r ¢ENd ∞r îDu◊ Ë≥w Ë«∞I∂DOW, Ë«∞b¥Lu©OIOW, Ë«∞NOd«©OIOW, ØKNU ≠w ËÆX Ë«•b Ë≈≤LU §U¡‹ ≠w ≈©U¸ ¢∑U°l “±Mw ¥F∂d ´s ¥F∂d “±Mw ¢∑U°l ≈©U¸ ≠w §U¡‹ Ë≈≤LU Ë«•b ËÆX ≠w ØKNU «ô±∑b«œ «∞e±Mw «∞Du¥q «∞cÍ ´U®∑t «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW Ë¥F∂d «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ´U®∑t «∞cÍ «∞Du¥q «∞e±Mw «ô±∑b«œ ≠w ≤Hf «∞uÆX ´s «∞MCZ «∞HJdÍ ∞û≤ºUÊ «∞LBdÍ «∞Ib¥r Ë«∞cÍ «∞Ib¥r «∞LBdÍ ∞û≤ºUÊ «∞HJdÍ «∞MCZ ´s «∞uÆX ≤Hf ≠w √œ¸„ √Ê ±∑DK∂U‹ «∞∫OU… Æb ¢∑DKV °Os «∞∫Os Ë«üîd √Ê ¢JuÊ √Ê Ë«üîd «∞∫Os °Os ¢∑DKV Æb «∞∫OU… ±∑DK∂U‹ √Ê √œ¸„

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C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

- ±∫U≠EW «∞πOe…) ¥AJdËÊ ≠Ot «∞LKp °DKOLu” «∞ªU±f ∞IOU±t «∞ªU±f °DKOLu” «∞LKp ≠Ot ¥AJdËÊ «∞πOe…) ±∫U≠EW - °uÆn «_ËÆU· ´Kv «∞LFU°b Ë≈´HU¡ «∞JNMW ±s °Fi «ô∞∑e«±U‹. °Fi ±s «∞JNMW Ë≈´HU¡ «∞LFU°b ´Kv «_ËÆU· °uÆn ËÆb ßπq ≥c« «∞Ldßu °ªDu◊ £ö£W ≥w •ºV ¢d¢OV Ø∑U°∑NU ¢d¢OV •ºV ≥w £ö£W °ªDu◊ «∞Ldßu ≥c« ßπq ËÆb ±s √´Kv ≈∞v √ßHq: «∞NOd˨KOHOW, Ë«∞b¥Lu©OIOW Ë«∞Ou≤U≤OW, ËÆb Ë«∞Ou≤U≤OW, Ë«∞b¥Lu©OIOW «∞NOd˨KOHOW, √ßHq: ≈∞v √´Kv ±s ≠Ib «∞πe¡ «_Ø∂d ±s «∞ªj «∞NOd˨KOHw ˧e¡ °ºOj ±s «∞Mh ±s °ºOj ˧e¡ «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞ªj ±s «_Ø∂d «∞πe¡ ≠Ib «∞Ou≤U≤w. ∞Ib √¸«œ «∞JNMW √Ê ¥ºπKu« ≥c« «∞Fd≠UÊ °U∞HCq ∞KLKp °U∞HCq «∞Fd≠UÊ ≥c« ¥ºπKu« √Ê «∞JNMW √¸«œ ∞Ib «∞Ou≤U≤w. «∞∂DKLw °U∞ªj «∞dßLw Ë≥u «∞ªj «∞NOd˨KOHw, Ëîj «∞∫OU… Ëîj «∞NOd˨KOHw, «∞ªj Ë≥u «∞dßLw °U∞ªj «∞∂DKLw «∞Ou±OW «∞ºUzb ≠w ≥cÁ «∞H∑d… Ë≥u «∞ªj «∞b¥Lu©OIw, £r °U∞ªj £r «∞b¥Lu©OIw, «∞ªj Ë≥u «∞H∑d… ≥cÁ ≠w «∞ºUzb «∞Ou±OW «∞Ou≤U≤w Ë≥u «∞ªj «∞cÍ ¢J∑V °t ∞GW «∞∂DU∞LW «∞c¥s ØU≤u« ¥∫∑KuÊ ØU≤u« «∞c¥s «∞∂DU∞LW ∞GW °t ¢J∑V «∞cÍ «∞ªj Ë≥u «∞Ou≤U≤w U ÎÒ ≤B ¥∑CLs «∞∫πd √Ê «Æ∑d•u« Æb ∞K∫πd «∞LJ∑AHuÊ ËØUÊ ±Bd. °ªDu◊ £ö£W ±ª∑KHW, Ë«¢C` ≠OLU °Fb √Ê «Æ∑d«•Nr ØUÊ «Æ∑d«•Nr √Ê °Fb ≠OLU Ë«¢C` ±ª∑KHW, £ö£W °ªDu◊ Î Ë«•b« Ë°Fb ≤Iq «∞∫πd ≈∞v «∞IU≥d… √±d ≤U°KOuÊ °S´b«œ ´b… ≤ºa ´b… °S´b«œ ≤U°KOuÊ √±d «∞IU≥d… ≈∞v «∞∫πd ≤Iq Ë°Fb Î ÅUz∂U ±Mt ∞∑JuÊ ≠w ±∑MUˉ «∞LN∑LOs ≠w √˸˰U °u§t ´U Ë≠w ≠d≤ºU Ë≠w ´U °u§t √˸˰U ≠w «∞LN∑LOs ±∑MUˉ ≠w ∞∑JuÊ ±Mt °u§t îU’ °U∞∫CU¸… «∞LBd¥W. ËØUÊ «∞∫πd Æb ËÅq ≈∞v °d¥DU≤OU ≈∞v ËÅq Æb «∞∫πd ËØUÊ «∞LBd¥W. °U∞∫CU¸… îU’ °u§t ´U 2081°LI∑Cv «¢HUÆOW √°d±X °Os ≈≤πK∑d« Ë≠d≤ºU ¢ºKLX Ë≠d≤ºU ≈≤πK∑d« °Os √°d±X «¢HUÆOW 2081°LI∑Cv ´U « √îdÈ. Ë°b√ «∞∂U•∏uÊ °∑d§LW «∞∂U•∏uÊ Ë°b√ √îdÈ. « Πˬ£U¸ «∞∫πd °LI∑CU≥U ≈≤πK∑d« «∞Mh «∞Ou≤U≤w, Ë√°bÈ «∞∂U•∏UÊ ßKHº∑d œÍ ßUßw Ë√Ød°öœ ßUßw œÍ ßKHº∑d «∞∂U•∏UÊ Ë√°bÈ «∞Ou≤U≤w, «∞Mh U °U∞ªj «∞b¥Lu©OIw. °U∞ªj U ÎÒ îUÅ U Î «≥∑LU± ˧U¡‹ √Ë∞v «∞ªDu«‹ «∞NU±W ≠w ±πU‰ «∞ªj «∞NOd˨KOHw ´Kv «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞ªj ±πU‰ ≠w «∞NU±W «∞ªDu«‹ √Ë∞v ˧U¡‹ ¥b «∞FU∞r «ù≤πKOeÍ ¢u±U” ¥u≤Z «∞cÍ •Bq ´Kv ≤ºªW ±s •πd ±s ≤ºªW ´Kv •Bq «∞cÍ ¥u≤Z ¢u±U” «ù≤πKOeÍ «∞FU∞r ¥b ¸®Ob ´U 4181 ˫≠∑d÷ √Ê «∞ªd«©Og ¢∫∑uÍ ´Kv √ßLU¡ ±KJOW √ßLU¡ ´Kv ¢∫∑uÍ «∞ªd«©Og √Ê Ë«≠∑d÷ 4181 ´U ¸®Ob Ë«´∑Lb ´Kv ≤Bu’ √îdÈ ±AU°NW ØU∞LºKW «∞∑w ´∏d ´KONU ≠w ´KONU ´∏d «∞∑w ØU∞LºKW ±AU°NW √îdÈ ≤Bu’ ´Kv Ë«´∑Lb U °U∞Ou≤U≤OW ˬîd °U∞NOd˨KOHOW. ˬîd °U∞Ou≤U≤OW U ÎÒ ≤B ¢CLMX Ë«∞∑w 5181 ´U ≠OKW ˸¨r Øq «∞πNuœ «∞ºU°IW ≠w ≠p ¸±u“ •πd ¸®Ob ≈ô √Ê «∞HCq √Ê ≈ô ¸®Ob •πd ¸±u“ ≠p ≠w «∞ºU°IW «∞πNuœ Øq ˸¨r «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W Ë«∞KGW ¸®Ob •πd > «_Ø∂d ¥d§l ∞KFU∞r «∞Hd≤ºw "§UÊ ≠d«≤ºu« ®U±∂KOuÊ" (0971- ®U±∂KOuÊ" ≠d«≤ºu« "§UÊ «∞Hd≤ºw ∞KFU∞r ¥d§l «_Ø∂d «∞KGW ¸±u“ ≠p °LH∑UÕ ¥Kr √Ê ô°b «∞LBd¥W ∞K∫CU¸… «∞b«¸” 2381). «_£d ≥c« ´s Ë«∞∫b¥Y ¸®Ob. •πd îö‰ ±s «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W ØUÊ ´Kv ®U±∂KOuÊ √Ê ¢u«§Nt ±πLu´W ±s «ô≠∑d«{U‹ √Ë∞NU: ≥q √Ë∞NU: «ô≠∑d«{U‹ ±s ±πLu´W ¢u«§Nt √Ê ®U±∂KOuÊ ´Kv ØUÊ Ë«∞e±UÊ Ë«∞LJUÊ «∞∫πd ≥w ´MUÅd °Q¸°FW ≤Kr √Ê ±MU ¥∑DKV «∞NU «∞ªDu◊ «∞∏ö£W («∞NOd˨KOHOW - «∞b¥Lu©OIOW - «∞Ou≤U≤OW) ¢L∏q «∞Ou≤U≤OW) - «∞b¥Lu©OIOW - («∞NOd˨KOHOW «∞∏ö£W «∞ªDu◊ Ë«ù≤ºUÊ. Î ±u{u´U ¢L∏q √≤NU √ «∞LCLuÊ •OY ±s ±ª∑KHW ≤Bu’ £ö£W ≈•bÈ ¸®Ob ≠Nu «∞LJUÊ Ë√±U «_ßuœ, «∞∂U“∞X ±s ≠Nu «∞∫πd √±U Ë∞JMt Ø∑V °U∞ªj «∞dßLw («∞NOd˨KOHw), Ëîj «∞∫OU… Ëîj («∞NOd˨KOHw), «∞dßLw °U∞ªj Ø∑V Ë∞JMt Î Ë«•b« Ë√±U 9971Â. ≠Nu691‚.Â, «∞e±UÊ Ë√±U «∞∂∫Od…, ±∫U≠EW ±bÊ «∞Ou±OW «∞ºUzb ≠w ≥cÁ «∞H∑d… («∞b¥Lu©OIw) £r °KGW «∞Ou≤U≤OOs °KGW £r («∞b¥Lu©OIw) «∞H∑d… ≥cÁ ≠w «∞ºUzb «∞Ou±OW «∞LKp ´Nb ≠w «∞∫πd ´Kv «∞Mh ¢ºπOq ¢U¸¥a ≠Nu «_ˉ «∞∑U¸¥a «∞c¥s ØU≤u« ¥∫∑KuÊ ±Bd. ¥∫∑KuÊ ØU≤u« «∞c¥s ≥c« ´s «∞JAn ´U ≠Nu «∞∏U≤w «∞∑U¸¥a Ë√±U «∞ªU±f, °DKOLu” Ë£U≤ONU: ¥∑FKo °∂MOW «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W, ≥q ¢Iu «∞J∑U°W ´Kv √°πb¥W ´Kv «∞J∑U°W ¢Iu ≥q «∞LBd¥W, «∞KGW °∂MOW ¥∑FKo Ë£U≤ONU: îMb‚ °∫Hd ÆOU±Nr √£MU¡ «∞Hd≤ºOW «∞∫LKW §Muœ Æ∂q ±s «∞∫πd ? √ √≤NU Ø∑∂X √≤NU √ ? Î ±∏ö «∞∫b¥∏W ØU∞KGU‹ «∞∫dË· ±s ±πLu´W √Í «∞FU∞r ≠Nu «ù≤ºUÊ Ë√±U ¸®Ob, ±s °U∞Id» §u∞OUÊ ßUÊ ÆKFW •u‰ °Fö±U‹ ¢d«Ë•X ÆOL∑NU «∞Bu¢OW °Os •d· √Ë •d≠Os √Ë £ö£W √Ë £ö£W √Ë •d≠Os √Ë •d· °Os «∞Bu¢OW ÆOL∑NU ¢d«Ë•X °Fö±U‹ ®U±∂KOuÊ. «∞AU» «∞Hd≤ºw ¸°LU √Ø∏d. ¸°LU ¸®Ob •πd ´s ØAn √Ê «∞LBd¥W «∞∫CU¸… •k ˱s •ºs ±s Ë£U∞∏NU: ≥q ´d≠X ≥cÁ «∞J∑U°W •dË· «∞∫dØW? Ë≥q «∞Fö±U‹ Ë≥q «∞∫dØW? •dË· «∞J∑U°W ≥cÁ ´d≠X ≥q Ë£U∞∏NU: «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ±HU¢O` {r «∞cÍ «∞∫πd –∞p 9971Â, ´U ¢Bu¥d¥W √ Åu¢OW? ˱U ≥w «_œË«‹ «∞∑w «ß∑ªb±NU «∞LBdÍ «ß∑ªb±NU «∞∑w «_œË«‹ ≥w ˱U Åu¢OW? √ ¢Bu¥d¥W √±d≥U ±s ≤b¸Í ô ¨U±CW «∞LBd¥W «∞∫CU¸… ∞EKX ∞uôÁ Ë«∞cÍ ∞∑∫b¥b ±FMv «∞LHdœ«‹? Ë≥q «ß∑ªb±X «∞LªBBU‹ Ë«∞Fö±U‹ «∞LªBBU‹ «ß∑ªb±X Ë≥q «∞LHdœ«‹? ±FMv ∞∑∫b¥b «∞LBd¥uÊ œË≤NU «∞∑w «∞J∑U°U‹ ≤Id√ √Ê ≤º∑DOl ô _≤MU Î ®OμU «∞∑HºOd¥W ?..≈∞a. «∞∑HºOd¥W ØLU ®U±∂KOuÊ, «∞Hd≤ºw «∞AU» •Bq ≠Ib ¬£U¸≥r. ´Kv «∞Ib±U¡ •Bq ¨OdÁ ±s «∞∂U•∏Os, ´Kv ≤ºªW ±s «∞∫πd Ë´Jn ´Kv œ¸«ß∑t ´Kv Ë´Jn «∞∫πd ±s ≤ºªW ´Kv «∞∂U•∏Os, ±s ¨OdÁ •Bq ô°b √Ê ≥cÁ «ô≠∑d«{U‹ Ë«∞∑ºUƒô‹ ˨Od≥U ØU≤X ¢b˸ ≠w –≥s ≠w ¢b˸ ØU≤X ˨Od≥U Ë«∞∑ºUƒô‹ «ô≠∑d«{U‹ ≥cÁ √Ê ô°b î∂d¢t ´Kv Π˱F∑Lb« «∞NOd˨KOHw °U∞ªj Î ®b¥b« Î «≥∑LU±U Î ±∂b¥U ®U±∂KOuÊ Ë≥u ¥∑FU±q ±l «∞∫πd, Ëô°b √≤t Æb «ß∑d´v «≤∑∂U≥t «ß∑d´v Æb √≤t Ëô°b «∞∫πd, ±l ¥∑FU±q Ë≥u ®U±∂KOuÊ ´UÂ. °u§t «∞Ib¥LW «∞KGU‹ Ë≠w «∞Ib¥LW, «∞Ou≤U≤OW «∞KGW ≠w «∞Du¥KW ´s ¢ºUƒô‹ ´s Î ≠Cö «∞Ib¥LW, «∞LBd¥W ∞KGW îj ±s √Ø∏d ≥MU„ √Ê ±MNU. ≥q ≥MU„ ±s ´öÆW îDOW °Os «∞NOd˨KOHOW Ë«∞NOd«©OIOW «∞NOd˨KOHOW °Os îDOW ´öÆW ±s ≥MU„ ≥q ±MNU. «∞∂U“∞X ±s «∞∂d¥DU≤w «∞L∑∫n ≠w Î •U∞OU «∞L∫Huÿ ¸®Ob •πd Ë«∞b¥Lu©OIOW? Ë≥q ≥MU„ ±s ´öÆW ∞Gu¥W ≠w ±πU‰ «∞Iu«´b ±πU‰ ≠w ∞Gu¥W ´öÆW ±s ≥MU„ Ë≥q Ë«∞b¥Lu©OIOW? ËßLJt 57ßr Ë´d{t 311ßr «¸¢HU´t «∞AJq, ±M∑Er ¨Od «_ßuœ Ë«∞Bd·..≈∞a. £r ≥cÁ «∞Fö±U‹ «_ßDu«≤OW ≠w «∞Mh «∞NOd˨KOHw «∞Mh ≠w «_ßDu«≤OW «∞Fö±U‹ ≥cÁ £r Ë«∞Bd·..≈∞a. «∞∫πd Ë¥∑CLs Ë√ßHKt. √´öÁ ≠w ±Mt √§e«¡ ≠Ib‹ ËÆb 72.5ßr Ë«∞∑w ¢∫Oj °∂Fi «∞Fö±U‹ «∞NOd˨KOHOW - Ë«∞∑w ´d≠MU≥U ≠OLU ´d≠MU≥U Ë«∞∑w - «∞NOd˨KOHOW «∞Fö±U‹ °∂Fi ¢∫Oj Ë«∞∑w Æ∂q ±s 691‚. ´U •u«∞w Åb¸ Î ±dßu±U ¥∑CLs ±U °Os ±s «∞JNMW «∞Lπ∑LFOs ≠w ±b¥MW ±Mn (±OX ¸≥OMW - ±dØe «∞∂b¸ ®Os «∞∂b¸ ±dØe - ¸≥OMW (±OX ±Mn ±b¥MW ≠w «∞Lπ∑LFOs «∞JNMW

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¨Od ØU≠OW ∞K∑F∂Od ´s √≠JU¸Á Ë≤AU©U¢t Ë¢Bu¸«¢t ∞KFU∞LOs «∞FKuÍ ∞KFU∞LOs Ë¢Bu¸«¢t Ë≤AU©U¢t √≠JU¸Á ´s ∞K∑F∂Od ØU≠OW ¨Od ≥cÁ Øq Ë≠w «ù≤ºUÊ. §ºr ±s ØQ§e«¡ ´MNLU ∞K∑F∂Od «∞Nu«zOW Ë«∞ºHKw (´U∞r «_•OU¡ Ë´U∞r «∞Lu¢v), Ë´KOt ≠Ib √îc «∞LBdÍ √îc ≠Ib Ë´KOt «∞Lu¢v), Ë´U∞r «_•OU¡ (´U∞r Ë«∞ºHKw √ßHq ¸√ßOW ®d©W «ß∑ªb«Â ±s ô°b ØUÊ «∞∑Bu¥d¥W «∞Fö±U‹ ¥Du¸ ±s «ß∑ªb«Â «∞Fö±W ∞O∑IKh œË¸≥U «∞∑Bu¥dÍ °U∞∑b¸¥Z «∞∑Bu¥dÍ œË¸≥U ∞O∑IKh «∞Fö±W «ß∑ªb«Â ±s ¥Du¸ Ë¢AOd ≤HºNU ´s ¢F∂d «∞Fö±W √Ê ∞∑RØb «_•OUÊ ±FEr ≠w «∞Fö±W √Ë Åu¢Os √Ë Åu¢Os √Ë Î Ë«•b« Î Åu¢U ´ö±W Øq ∞∑FDw «∞Bu¢w œË¸≥U Ë¥∂b√ Åu¢OW. ÆOLW ∞NU ¢JuÊ √Ê œËÊ ≤HºNU ¢Bu¸ √Í ±CLu≤NU, ≈∞v £ö£W Ë≠w •Uô‹ ÆKOKW √¸°FW. ÆKOKW •Uô‹ Ë≠w £ö£W °b√‹ Æb ∞KFö±W «∞∑Bu¥dÍ «ôß∑ªb«Â ´Kv «ô¢HU‚ œ«zd… √Ê Ëô°b ¢∑ºl ∞∑ALq √Ø∏d ±s ±JUÊ ±s √¸÷ ±Bd, Ë∞Fq «∞IU¸Δ ¥∑ºU¡‰ «∞IU¸Δ Ë∞Fq ±Bd, √¸÷ ±s ±JUÊ ±s √Ø∏d ∞∑ALq ¢∑ºl > «∞IOLW «∞Bu¢OW ∞KFö±U‹ «∞Bu¢OW «∞IOLW > ±s √Í ±JUÊ °b√ «∞LBdÍ ¥J∑V? ≥q °b√‹ «∞L∫UË∞W ≠w ±JUÊ ≠w «∞L∫UË∞W °b√‹ ≥q ¥J∑V? «∞LBdÍ °b√ ±JUÊ √Í ±s °Fb ±U ¢uÅq «∞LBdÍ ≈∞v Ë{l ÆOLW Åu¢OW ÆOLW Ë{l ≈∞v «∞LBdÍ ¢uÅq ±U °Fb «≤DKIX √≤NU √ √îdÈ? √±UØs ≈∞v °U∞∑b¸¥Z ¢M∑Iq √îc‹ £r °FOMt ∞Jq ´ö±W ØUÊ ´KOt √Ê ¥BMn «∞Fö±U‹ ≈∞v «∞Fö±U‹ ¥BMn √Ê ´KOt ØUÊ ´ö±W ∞Jq noitaretilsnarT Ë«•b? ËÆX ≠w ±JUÊ ±s √Ø∏d ±s Î ¢πUË“« ´d≠X Ë«∞∑w Ë«•b ∞∫d· «∞Bu¢OW «∞IOLW ¢FDw ´ö±U‹ °Ußr "«_°πb¥W" Ë√îdÈ ¢FDw «∞IOLW «∞Bu¢OW ∞∫d≠Os, Ë£U∞∏W ∞∫d≠Os, «∞Bu¢OW «∞IOLW ¢FDw Ë√îdÈ "«_°πb¥W" °Ußr Ë°Fb °FOMt, ±JUÊ ≠w §d‹ Æb «∞∂b«¥W ¢JuÊ √Ê Ë«∞LMDIw «_¸§` ¢FDw «∞IOLW «∞Bu¢OW ∞∏ö£W •dË· Ë•Uô‹ ∞OºX °U∞J∏Od… _¸°FW °U∞J∏Od… ∞OºX Ë•Uô‹ •dË· ∞∏ö£W «∞Bu¢OW «∞IOLW ¢FDw √îdÈ §NU‹ ≈∞v ¢M∑Iq «∞HJd… √îc‹ «_ßUßOU‹ °Fi ≈∞v «∞∑uÅq •dË·. ≠ONU √´LKX √Ë «∞J∑U°W ≠ONU °b√‹ «∞∑w «∞LMDIW ¸¥Uœ… Æ∂KX ∞FKNU ≠Jd≥U. Ë≤º∑DOl √Ê ≤∑Bu¸ ±bÈ «∞BFU» «∞∑w Ë«§NX ±πLu´W ±s «∞dË«œ ±s ±πLu´W Ë«§NX «∞∑w «∞BFU» ±bÈ ≤∑Bu¸ √Ê Ë≤º∑DOl «∞LBd¥Os «∞Ib±U¡ «∞c¥s ¢BbË« ù≤πU“ ≥c« «∞FLq «∞d«zl ±s •OY ±s «∞d«zl «∞FLq ≥c« ù≤πU“ ¢BbË« «∞c¥s «∞Ib±U¡ «∞LBd¥Os ±s ¥LJs ≠Nq ±U, ±JUÊ ≠w •b£X Æb «ô≤Dö‚ ≤IDW ØU≤X Ë≈–« «∞∑BMOn Ë¢∫b¥b «∞IOLW «∞Bu¢OW, ˱s •OY ≈±JU≤OW ≤Ad ≥c« ≤Ad ≈±JU≤OW •OY ˱s «∞Bu¢OW, «∞IOLW Ë¢∫b¥b «∞∑BMOn «_œË«¸ Ë´s Ë•CU¸¢NU «∞Ib¥LW ±Bd ¢U¸¥a ´s ≤Fd≠t ±U îö‰ «ù≤πU“ ´Kv «±∑b«œ «_¸«{w «∞LBd¥W ØKNU ∞∑u•Ob ËßOKW «∞∑HU≥r ËßOKW ∞∑u•Ob ØKNU «∞LBd¥W «_¸«{w «±∑b«œ ´Kv «ù≤πU“ ≥q U, ÎÒ ≠Jd¥ √Ë U ÎÒ œ¥MO Î £Iö ¢L∏q Ë«∞∑w «∞LMU©o °Fi ∞F∂∑NU «∞∑w , £r ±s •OY ´bœ «∞Fö±U‹ «∞∑w «ß∑GdÆX ´LKOW «ß∑GdÆX «∞∑w «∞Fö±U‹ ´bœ •OY ±s £r , Î ËØ∑U°W Î ≤DIU °Fi ≈∞v ≤AOd √Ê ≤º∑DOl ¸°LU «∞J∑U°W?! °b√‹ √¥s ≤∫bœ √Ê ¥LJs •∑v ¥∑LJs «∞LBdÍ ±s «∞LBdÍ ¥∑LJs •∑v Î Ø∂Od« Î §Nb« Ë¢DKV Î ©u¥ö Î ËÆ∑U «î∑OU¸≥U ´Kv «∞HJdÍ «∞∏Iq –«‹ ˧Mu°NU ËËßDNU «∞∂öœ ®LU‰ ≠w «∞LMU©o ¢∫IOo √≠Cq Åu¸… ±LJMW ∞K∑JU±q «∞KGuÍ Ë«∞J∑U°w Ë∞OCLs √Ê Ë∞OCLs Ë«∞J∑U°w «∞KGuÍ ∞K∑JU±q ±LJMW Åu¸… √≠Cq ¢∫IOo ≠NMU„ ±Mt, ±∫bœ… ≠∑d… √Ë≠w «∞Ib¥r «∞LBdÍ «∞∑U¸¥a «±∑b«œ ±U ¢r «î∑OU¸Á ±s ´ö±U‹ ßu· ¥Hw °Jq ±∑DK∂U¢t ≠w •OU¢t ≠w ±∑DK∂U¢t °Jq ¥Hw ßu· ´ö±U‹ ±s «î∑OU¸Á ¢r ±U ®Lf ´Os - "≥KOu°u∞Of" «∞b¥Mw Ë«∞HJd Ë«∞∏IU≠W «∞FKr ±b¥MW «∞b≤Ou¥W Ë •OU¢t «_îdË¥W. Ë∞Of ±s ®p ≠w √Ê ¢Fbœ «∞IOLW ¢Fbœ √Ê ≠w ®p ±s Ë∞Of «_îdË¥W. •OU¢t Ë «∞b≤Ou¥W ˱M∂l «∞ALf ´∂Uœ… ±dØe "√ËÊ" °Ußr ¢Fd· ØU≤X Ë«∞∑w «∞LDd¥W «∞Bu¢OW ∞KFö±U‹ Æb √œÈ ≈∞v √Ê ¢JuÊ •BOKW ≥cÁ «∞Fö±U‹ ≥cÁ •BOKW ¢JuÊ √Ê ≈∞v √œÈ Æb ∞KFö±U‹ «∞Bu¢OW «∞JuÊ îKo ´s «∞Ib¥r «∞LBdÍ ¢Bu¸ ≤Ed¥U‹ ±s ≥U±W ≤Ed¥W °U∞LμU‹ Ë≥u √±d ¥L∏q ÅFu°W °U∞GW ∞Kd«¨∂Os ≠w ¢FKr «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ¢FKr ≠w ∞Kd«¨∂Os °U∞GW ÅFu°W ¥L∏q √±d Ë≥u °U∞LμU‹ °öœ ±s «∞FKr ˸§U‰ «∞HößHW √≤EU¸ ˱∫j «∞∑UßuŸ" "≤Ed¥W «∞Ib¥LW ≈–« ±U Æu¸≤X °KGU‹ Æb¥LW Ë•b¥∏W ¢F∑Lb ≠w °MU¡ Ø∑U°∑NU °MU¡ ≠w ¢F∑Lb Ë•b¥∏W Æb¥LW °KGU‹ Æu¸≤X ±U ≈–« «∞Ib¥LW Î (•U∞OU «∞LBd¥W «∞Fu«År √Æb «∞FEOLW ±Mn ±b¥MW Ë≥MU„ «∞Ou≤UÊ. ´Kv ±πLu´W ±∫bœ… ±s «_•d· «∞∑w ¢Fd· °U_°πb¥W. ¢Fd· «∞∑w «_•d· ±s ±∫bœ… ±πLu´W ´Kv «ù∞t ´∂Uœ… ±dØe «∞πOe…) ±∫U≠EW - «∞∂b¸®Os ±dØe - ¸≥OMW ±OX °∑UÕ, √•b √≥r «ü∞NW «∞LBd¥W ˱Bb¸ ≈•bÈ ≤Ed¥U‹ îKo «∞JuÊ. îKo ≤Ed¥U‹ ≈•bÈ Ë±Bb¸ «∞LBd¥W «ü∞NW √≥r √•b °∑UÕ, ˱s «∞Fö±U‹ –«‹ «∞∫d· «∞u«•b ´Kv ß∂Oq «∞L∏U‰ "©Uzd «∞FIU»", "©Uzd «∞L∏U‰ ß∂Oq ´Kv «∞u«•b «∞∫d· –«‹ «∞Fö±U‹ ˱s Æd¥W Ë°U∞∑∫b¥b «∞LMOU ±∫U≠EW ≠w «∞ußDv ±Bd ≠w ≥MU„ £r «∞cÍ ¥IU°q •d· «_∞n, ˱s «∞Fö±U‹ –«‹ «∞IOLW «∞Bu¢OW ∞∫d≠Os «∞Bu¢OW «∞IOLW –«‹ «∞Fö±U‹ ˱s «_∞n, •d· ¥IU°q «∞cÍ §∫u¢w «ù∞t ∞F∂Uœ… Î ±dØe« ØU≤X «_®Lu≤Os ±KuÍ. ±dØe «_®Lu≤Os ), ˱s «∞Fö±U‹ –«‹ «_Åu«‹ –«‹ «∞Fö±U‹ ˱s ), rp ( «∞∂OX ≈∞v ¢d±e «∞∑w «∞Fö±W ¢Kp «∞ªKo ≤Ed¥U‹ ≈•bÈ √¥CU îd§X ˱MNU Ë«∞LFd≠W, «∞∫JLW ≈∞t ) . ) rfn «∞Nu«zOW( Ë«∞IB∂W «∞IKV ¢Bu¸ «∞∑w «∞Fö±W ¢Kp «∞∏ö£W √°ObË” ±MDIW Ë≠w ±Bd ÅFOb ≠w ≥MU„ £r «∞∏U±uÊ" "≤Ed¥W ËÆ∂q √Ê ≤∑∫bÀ ´s «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW ±s •OY √≤u«Ÿ «∞ªDu◊ √≤u«Ÿ •OY ±s «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ´s ≤∑∫bÀ √Ê ËÆ∂q «∞LdØe •OY ßu≥UÃ) ±∫U≠EW - «∞∂KOMU ±dØe - «∞Lb≠u≤W («∞Fd«°W «∞∑w Ø∑∂X °NU Ë«∞Ld«•q «∞KGu¥W «∞∑w ±d‹ °NU Ë«¢πU≥U‹ «∞J∑U°W Ë«¢πU≥U‹ °NU ±d‹ «∞∑w «∞KGu¥W Ë«∞Ld«•q °NU Ø∑∂X «∞∑w Ë≠w ¥f", "√Ë“¥d «üîd «∞FU∞r ˸» «∞ªOd ≈∞t ∞F∂Uœ… «∞dzOºw ˨Od≥U ≤uœ √Ê ≤KIw «∞Cu¡ ´Kv ÆBW ≠p ¸±u“ «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ¸±u“ ≠p ÆBW ´Kv «∞Cu¡ ≤KIw √Ê ≤uœ ˨Od≥U (±dØe «∞∂d°U Æd¥W √≤NU ¥Es «∞∑w (©OMW) £Mw ±MDIW √¥CU ßu≥Uà «∞Ib¥LW. Ë√ßd¢t "≤FLd" «∞LKp ±MNU îdà ˫∞∑w ßu≥UÃ) ±∫U≠EW - §d§U ∞∑u•Ob ÆDdÍ ±Bd. Ë´Kv °Fb •u«∞w 02Ør ®LU‰ ≈œ≠u ≤πb ≠w ≤πb ≈œ≠u ®LU‰ 02Ør •u«∞w °Fb Ë´Kv ±Bd. ÆDdÍ ∞∑u•Ob ®d‚ ˨d» «∞MOq ±b¥M∑w "≤ªV" Ë"≤ªs" ´UÅL∑w «∞πMu» Æ∂q «∞πMu» ´UÅL∑w Ë"≤ªs" "≤ªV" ±b¥M∑w «∞MOq ˨d» ®d‚ ¢u•Ob ÆDdÍ ±Bd, ˱dØe ´∂Uœ… «ù∞NW –«‹ «∞AQÊ «∞J∂Od ≠w «∞J∂Od «∞AQÊ –«‹ «ù∞NW ´∂Uœ… ˱dØe ±Bd, ÆDdÍ ¢u•Ob «∞FIUzb «∞LBd¥W, «ù∞NW "≤ª∂X". Ë´uœ… ≈∞v ®LU‰ «∞∂öœ ≈∞v Æd¥W ≈∞v «∞∂öœ ®LU‰ ≈∞v Ë´uœ… "≤ª∂X". «ù∞NW «∞LBd¥W, «∞FIUzb °u¢u (≈°Du- ¢q «∞Hd«´Os - ±dØe œßu‚ - ±∫U≠EW ØHd «∞AOa) ØHd ±∫U≠EW - œßu‚ ±dØe - «∞Hd«´Os ¢q (≈°Du- °u¢u ´UÅLW ±Bd Æ∂q ¢u•Ob «∞IDd¥s ˱dØe ´∂Uœ… ≈•bÈ «ù∞NU‹ ≈•bÈ ´∂Uœ… ˱dØe «∞IDd¥s ¢u•Ob Æ∂q ±Bd ´UÅLW «∞∂U¸“«‹ ≠w ±Bd «∞Ib¥LW Ë≥w «ù∞NW "Ë«§OX". «ù∞NW Ë≥w «∞Ib¥LW ±Bd ≠w «∞∂U¸“«‹ £r ≥MU„ «∞J∏Od ±s «∞Lu«Æl «∞∑w ®Nb‹ •CU¸«‹ ±U Æ∂q «∞∑U¸¥a Æ∂q ±U •CU¸«‹ ®Nb‹ «∞∑w «∞Lu«Æl ±s «∞J∏Od ≥MU„ £r Ë«∞∑w ±Nb‹ ∞∑U¸¥a ±Bd «∞LJ∑u» ±∏q «∞HOu ˕Ku«Ê Ë«∞LFUœÍ Ë•Ku«Ê «∞HOu ±∏q «∞LJ∑u» ±Bd ∞∑U¸¥a ±Nb‹ Ë«∞∑w ˧d“… œ¥d ¢UßU Ë«∞∂b«¸Í Ë≤IUœ… ˨Od≥U. Ë≤IUœ… Ë«∞∂b«¸Í ¢UßU œ¥d ˧d“… ≠w √Í ±s ≥cÁ «_±UØs √Ë ¸°LU ≠w ¨Od≥U °b√‹ «∞J∑U°W «∞LBd¥W? «∞J∑U°W °b√‹ ¨Od≥U ≠w ¸°LU √Ë «_±UØs ≥cÁ ±s √Í ≠w ßR«‰ ßOEq °ö ≈§U°W ±∫bœ… ≈∞v √Ê ¢ªdà ∞MU √¸÷ ±Bd «∞J∏Od ±Bd √¸÷ ∞MU ¢ªdà √Ê ≈∞v ±∫bœ… ≈§U°W °ö ßOEq ßR«‰ «∞cÍ ô ¥e«‰ ≠w °U©MNU. ≠w ¥e«‰ ô «∞cÍ Ë≤Fuœ ∞KFö±U‹ «∞∑Bu¥d¥W «∞∑w √œ¸„ «∞LBdÍ °Ld˸ «∞uÆX √≤NU «∞uÆX °Ld˸ «∞LBdÍ √œ¸„ «∞∑w «∞∑Bu¥d¥W ∞KFö±U‹ Ë≤Fuœ

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C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

´Mb±U ¢cØd ô°b √Ê ¢cØd ±FNU «∞J∑U°W «∞NOd˨KOHOW ØQÆb Ø∑U°U¢NU ØQÆb «∞NOd˨KOHOW «∞J∑U°W ±FNU ¢cØd √Ê ô°b ¢cØd ´Mb±U √œ≤U≥U, ≈∞v √ÆBU≥U ±s «∞∂öœ ¸°j «∞cÍ «∞∫OU… ®d¥UÊ Ë«∞MOq , ≠Nw Ø∑U°W «∞Fö±U‹ Ø∑U°W ≠Nw , Î ËîKuœ« Î ËË{u•U Ë√Ø∏d≥U Î ´Ld« Ë√©u∞NU œ≠FX ˨Od≥U «∞Fu«±q ≥cÁ Øq Ë«∞dîU¡. «∞ªOd Øq ∞NU Ë•Io «∞JU±KW Ë«∞LMAP‹ «∞CªLW ØU∞LFU°b Ë«∞LIU°d, Ë∞c« ßM∂b√ «∞∫b¥Y ßM∂b√ Ë∞c« Ë«∞LIU°d, ØU∞LFU°b «∞CªLW Ë«∞LMAP‹ «∞JU±KW ∞KMNu÷ «∞LIu±U‹ Øq «ß∑∏LU¸ ≈∞v «∞Ib¥r «∞LBdÍ °Uù≤ºUÊ °NcÁ «∞J∑U°W. °NcÁ °∂KbÁ ∞KMNu÷ «∞LIu±U‹ Øq «ß∑∏LU¸ ≈∞v «∞Ib¥r «∞LBdÍ °Uù≤ºUÊ Ë¢∫IOo «_≥b«· «∞∑w ¥MAb≥U. «∞∑w «_≥b«· Ë¢∫IOo > «∞J∑U°W «∞NOd˨KOHOW: «∞J∑U°W > «∞J∑U°W ≥w «∞ußOKW «∞∏U°∑W ∞K∑F∂Od ´s «∞HJd…, Ë´Mb±U ≠Jd Ë´Mb±U «∞HJd…, ´s ∞K∑F∂Od «∞∏U°∑W «∞ußOKW ≥w «∞J∑U°W «∞Ib¥r «∞LBdÍ «ù≤ºUÊ •Io ±∑v «∞∑∫b¥b ˧t ´Kv ≤Fd· Ë∞ºMU «∞LBdÍ ≠w √Ê ¥ºπq √•b«£t ØU≤X «∞D∂OFW ±s •u∞t ±Bb¸ •u∞t ±s «∞D∂OFW ØU≤X √•b«£t ¥ºπq √Ê ≠w «∞LBdÍ «_Ë∞v «_ßd… √Ê ≤Fd· ØMU Ë≈Ê "«∞J∑U°W" «î∑d«Ÿ √Í «ù≤πU“ ≥c« «ù∞NU °U∞Mº∂W ∞t °LU ≠ONU ±s ™u«≥d ©∂OFOW ËØUzMU‹ •OW, ≠Nb«Á •OW, ËØUzMU‹ ©∂OFOW ™u«≥d ±s ≠ONU °LU ∞t °U∞Mº∂W «ù∞NU ≥cÁ Ë√Ê «∞LOöœ, Æ∂q Ë«∞∏ö£Os «∞∫UœÍ «∞IdÊ •u«∞w ≠w °b√‹ ±LU ≠w «∞D∂OFW Ë«∞∂OμW «∞L∫ODW °t «∞L∫ODW Ë«∞∂OμW «∞D∂OFW ≠w ±LU Î °FCU ¥MIq √Ê ≈∞v ¢HJOdÁ «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞∫CU¸… °MU¡ ≠w «_Ë∞v «∞K∂MU‹ ¢L∏q «_ßd… ∞OF∂d °U∞Bu¸… ´s «∞LFU≤w «∞∑w ¥d¥b «∞∑F∂Od ´MNU, ˧U¡‹ «∞Fö±U‹ ˧U¡‹ ´MNU, «∞∑F∂Od ¥d¥b «∞∑w «∞LFU≤w ´s °U∞Bu¸… ∞OF∂d √Ê ≠ö°b «∞NOd˨KOHOW. ∞KJ∑U°W §Uœ… ±∫UËô‹ ®Nb‹ Ë√≤NU Î ≈≤ºU≤U ¸ßr ±U ≠S–« Åu¸¢NU, ´s ±F∂d… √Í ¢Bu¥dÍ «ß∑ªb«Â –«‹ «_Ë∞v «_ßd… Æ∂q °b√‹ Æb ∞KJ∑U°W «∞LBdÍ «ù≤ºUÊ ±∫UËô‹ ≠S≤t ¥IBb «∞∑F∂Od ´s «ù≤ºUÊ, ËØc∞p «∞∫U‰ °U∞Mº∂W _´CU¡ °U∞Mº∂W «∞∫U‰ ËØc∞p «ù≤ºUÊ, ´s «∞∑F∂Od ¥IBb ≠S≤t «∞H∑d… ®u«≥b °Fi –∞p ≈∞v ¥AOd «∞e±UÊ, ±s Æd≤Os °∫u«∞w §ºr «ù≤ºUÊ, √Ë «∞∫Ou«Ê Ë√´CUzt, ËØc∞p «∞DOu¸ Ë«∞eË«•n «∞DOu¸ ËØc∞p Ë√´CUzt, «∞∫Ou«Ê √Ë «ù≤ºUÊ, §ºr Æ∂Oq ˱U «_ßd«‹ Æ∂q ±U Ë´BdÍ «∞∫πdÍ «∞FBd ±s «∞L∑Qîd… Ë«∞∫Ad«‹, £r ≥MU„ «_®πU¸ Ë«∞M∂U¢U‹ Ë«∞π∂U‰ Ë«∞∂∫U¸ Ë«_≤NU¸. Ë«∞∂∫U¸ Ë«∞π∂U‰ Ë«∞M∂U¢U‹ «_®πU¸ ≥MU„ £r Ë«∞∫Ad«‹, ¥ºπq √Ê - «∞D∂OFW ±s Î ±º∑KNLU - «∞LBdÍ •Uˉ •Os «_ßd«‹, °Fi «∞Fö±U‹ «∞∑Bu¥d¥W Ë°Fi «∞LHdœ«‹ «∞∂ºODW. «∞LHdœ«‹ Ë°Fi «∞∑Bu¥d¥W «∞Fö±U‹ °Fi

Ë«∞L∑uÆl √Ê °Fi √Å∫U» «∞L∂Uœ¸«‹ Ë«∞c¥s ¥πuœ °Nr «∞e±UÊ ≠w «∞e±UÊ °Nr ¥πuœ Ë«∞c¥s «∞L∂Uœ¸«‹ √Å∫U» °Fi √Ê Ë«∞L∑uÆl «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW Ø∑U°U‹ √Æb ´s ≤∑∫bÀ √Ê ËÆ∂q ≤∑∫bÀ √Ê ËÆ∂q ∞KMIU‘ Ë«∞∑Du¸, Ëô°b Ë«∞∑Du¸, ∞KMIU‘ Î ÆU°ö Î ¢Bu¸« ËË{Fu« «∞∑Iu« Æb ±JUÊ Øq «∞LMDIw ±s ≠KFKt °U∞NOd˨KOHOW, «∞LFdË≠W «∞J∑U°W Ë≥w «∞Ib¥LW √≤Nr «¢HIu« ´Kv «ß∑ªb«Â ´ö±U‹ ±FOMW ∞∑F∂d ´s ±CLuÊ ±FOs, ±CLuÊ ´s ∞∑F∂d ±FOMW ´ö±U‹ «ß∑ªb«Â ´Kv «¢HIu« √≤Nr ±s ˨Od≥U «∞J∑U°W ≥cÁ «•∑CMX «∞∑w «∞KGW ±ºLv ≈∞v ≤AOd √Ê ≠U∞∂u±W ∞K∑F∂Od ´s «∞∂u±W ≤HºNU, ˱u§W «∞LOUÁ ∞K∑F∂Od ´s «∞LOUÁ ´s ∞K∑F∂Od «∞LOUÁ ˱u§W ≤HºNU, «∞∂u±W ´s ∞K∑F∂Od ≠U∞∂u±W °Fb. ≠OLU –Ød≥U ßOdœ «∞∑w «_îd «∞J∑U°U‹ °u§t ´U ßu«¡ ±s •OY «∞LBb¸ √Ë «ôß∑ªb«Â, Ë«î∑U¸Ë« ®Jö Ë«î∑U¸Ë« «ôß∑ªb«Â, √Ë «∞LBb¸ •OY ±s ßu«¡ ´U °u§t °OMNU ±s Ø∏Od… °LºLOU‹ ∞G∑Nr ≈∞v ≤BuÅNr ≠w «∞LBd¥uÊ √®U¸ U °AU¸´Os U ÎÒ œ«zd¥ ¬îd Î Ë®Jö «∞∂OX ´s ∞K∑F∂Od Î ±FOMU U ÎÒ ≥MbßO ´d≠X ØLU ±Bd". √≥q Øö ±Bd, Øö ±Bd, ≠r ±Bd, "∞ºUÊ ±∑IU©FOs ∞K∑F∂Od ´s «∞Lb¥MW, Ë«∞Fö±W «∞∑w ¢L∏q «∞IKV Ë«∞IB∂W «∞IKV ¢L∏q «∞∑w Ë«∞Fö±W «∞Lb¥MW, ´s ∞K∑F∂Od ±∑IU©FOs «ù∞t". "Øö °Ußr √¥CU ËÆb Ø∑∂X ≥cÁ «∞KGW °ªDu◊ √¸°FW ≥w √¸°FW °ªDu◊ «∞KGW ≥cÁ Ø∑∂X ËÆb «∞NOd˨KOHOW Ë«∞NOd«©OIOW Ë«∞b¥Lu©OIOW Ë«∞NOd«©OIOW «∞NOd˨KOHOW Ë«∞I∂DOW Ë«∞∑w ßM∑∫bÀ ´MNU ≠OLU °Fb. ≠OLU ´MNU ßM∑∫bÀ Ë«∞∑w Ë«∞I∂DOW «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW °AªBOW ±LOe… - ≥w - ±LOe… °AªBOW «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW - ¢L∏q ≥c« ¢L∏q - Î Ë®F∂U Î √¸{U ±Bd ¢LOe «ß∑Ld«¸ «∞∑LOe «∞KGuÍ ≠w «•∑HU™NU °L∂UœΔ ≤∫u ËÅd· ≤∫u °L∂UœΔ «•∑HU™NU ≠w «∞KGuÍ «∞∑LOe «î∑KHX °NU ´s ¨Od≥U ±s ∞GU‹ «∞FU∞r «∞Ib¥r. «∞FU∞r ∞GU‹ ±s ¨Od≥U ´s °NU «î∑KHX U ÎÎÒ •CU¸¥ ØU≤X ±Bd Ë_Ê «∞∑LOe ≥c« ˸¨r ≠w §ºb «∞Ad‚ «_œ≤v «∞Ib¥r, «_œ≤v «∞Ad‚ §ºb ≠w Î ´Cu« U ÎÒ Ë§Gd«≠O Ë–«‹ Åö‹ ±∑HUË¢W ±l §e¸ «∞∂∫d «∞L∑ußj «∞∂∫d §e¸ ±l ±∑HUË¢W Åö‹ Ë–«‹ Ë®LU‰ √≠d¥IOU, Ë°∫Jr «ô≤H∑UÕ «∞∫CU¸Í «∞MU¢Z «∞∫CU¸Í «ô≤H∑UÕ Ë°∫Jr √≠d¥IOU, Ë®LU‰ ´s ´öÆU‹ ¢πU¸¥W √Ë ´ºJd¥W ∞LBd ±l §Od«≤NU ±l ∞LBd ´ºJd¥W √Ë ¢πU¸¥W ´öÆU‹ ´s ØUÊ ô°b ±s √Ê ¢bîq «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW ≠w «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW ¢bîq √Ê ±s ô°b ØUÊ œ«zd… «∞∑Q£Od «∞L∑∂Uœ‰, ˱s £r ≠Ib ¢CLMX ≠Ib £r ˱s «∞L∑∂Uœ‰, «∞∑Q£Od œ«zd… Æu«´b ˱Hdœ«‹ ¢AOd ≈∞v ÆOU ´öÆU‹ Æu¥W ±l Æu¥W ´öÆU‹ ÆOU ≈∞v ¢AOd ˱Hdœ«‹ Æu«´b §Od«Ê ±Bd ±s √Å∫U» «∞LπLu´W «∞ºU±OW ≠w «∞ºU±OW «∞LπLu´W √Å∫U» ±s ±Bd §Od«Ê «∞ALU‰ «∞AdÆw Ë√Å∫U» «∞LπLu´W «∞∫U±OW «∞LπLu´W Ë√Å∫U» «∞AdÆw «∞ALU‰ ≠w «∞Gd» Ë«∞πMu» «∞AdÆw. Ë«∞πMu» «∞Gd» ≠w «∞∂∫Y ≠w √Åu‰ «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW ´LU ≈–« ´LU «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW √Åu‰ ≠w «∞∂∫Y ØU≤X •U±OW √Ë ßU±OW «_Åq, ≠U∞KGW «∞LBd¥W ≠U∞KGW «_Åq, ßU±OW √Ë •U±OW ØU≤X «∞Ib¥LW ØLU √ßKHMU ∞NU ®ªBO∑NU «∞L∑LOe… «∞MU°FW «∞L∑LOe… ®ªBO∑NU ∞NU √ßKHMU ØLU «∞Ib¥LW ±s ®ªBOW «ù≤ºUÊ «∞LBdÍ Ë¢d«» √¸{t, Ë¢d«» «∞LBdÍ «ù≤ºUÊ ®ªBOW ±s Ë∞JMNU ØJq ∞GW ØUÊ Ëô°b √Ê ¥∫bÀ «∞∑IU¸» °OMNU «∞∑IU¸» ¥∫bÀ √Ê Ëô°b ØUÊ ∞GW ØJq Ë∞JMNU Ë°Os ∞GU‹ √îdÈ ∞KAFu» «∞LπU˸… Ëô ¥FOV ≥cÁ ¥FOV Ëô «∞LπU˸… ∞KAFu» √îdÈ ∞GU‹ Ë°Os «∞KGW √Ë ¢Kp √Ê ¢Qîc ±s ¨Od≥U ±U ¥LJs √Ê ¥LJs ±U ¨Od≥U ±s ¢Qîc √Ê ¢Kp √Ë «∞KGW ¥∏d¥NU Ë¥∫Io ∞NU «∞∑JU±q ©U∞LU «•∑HEX ©U∞LU «∞∑JU±q ∞NU Ë¥∫Io ¥∏d¥NU °ªBUzBNU «_ÅKOW. Ë_Ê «∞KGW «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞KGW Ë_Ê «_ÅKOW. °ªBUzBNU

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Composite Abd elhalem 01 arabic.fh10 1/17/08 1:46 PM Page 9

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

≤AQ… Ë¢Du¸ «∞J∑U°W ≠w ±Bd «∞Ib¥LW ±Bd ≠w «∞J∑U°W Ë¢Du¸ ≤AQ…

√.œ. ´∂b «∞∫KOr ≤u¸ «∞b¥s ≤u¸ «∞∫KOr ´∂b √.œ. √ß∑U– «∞LBd¥U‹ - ØKOW «ü£U¸ - §U±FW «∞IU≥d… §U±FW - «ü£U¸ ØKOW - «∞LBd¥U‹ √ß∑U–

«∞D∂OFW ¢AGKt ≠w •OU¢t «∞Ou±OW ≠w “¸«´∑t ËÅObÁ ˸´Ot, Ë°b√ ˸´Ot, ËÅObÁ “¸«´∑t ≠w «∞Ou±OW •OU¢t ≠w ¢AGKt «∞D∂OFW √ßUßO∑Os °Ld•K∑Os «∞∑U¸¥a Æ∂q ±U ´Bu¸ ≠w «ù≤ºUÊ ±d ¥ºπq ´Kv «∞Bªu¸ °Fi «∞LMU™d «∞∑w ¢L∏q √≤AD∑t «∞Lª∑KHW √≤AD∑t ¢L∏q «∞∑w «∞LMU™d °Fi «∞Bªu¸ ´Kv ¥ºπq §Ll ±d•KW Ë≥w «_Ë∞v, «∞Ld•KW √±U Ë≈≤∑U§t. «∞Iu‹ §Ll ≥LU: Ë¢F∂d ´s ±∫UËô¢t «∞Lº∑Ld… ∞HNr «∞FMUÅd «∞∑Ad¥∫OW ∞û≤ºUÊ «∞∑Ad¥∫OW «∞FMUÅd ∞HNr «∞Lº∑Ld… ±∫UËô¢t ´s Ë¢F∂d Æu‹ ´s Î °U•∏U ≠ONU ¥ºFv «ù≤ºUÊ ØUÊ «∞∑w «∞Ld•KW ≠Nw «∞Iu‹, Ë«∞∫Ou«Ê Ë«∞DOd Ë«∞eË«•n, Ë∞∂Fi «∞Lu§uœ«‹ ≠w «∞D∂OFW ±∏q «∞D∂OFW ≠w «∞Lu§uœ«‹ Ë∞∂Fi Ë«∞eË«•n, Ë«∞DOd Ë«∞∫Ou«Ê ¥Mπ` ∞FKt «∞∂∫dÍ √Ë «∞MNdÍ √Ë «∞∂dÍ ∞KBOb ¥ªdà ≠JUÊ ¥u±t, «∞LOUÁ, Ë«∞B∫d«¡, Ë«∞π∂U‰...≈∞a, Ë–∞p ≠w ≈©U¸ ±U ≤Fd≠t ±U ≈©U¸ ≠w Ë–∞p Ë«∞π∂U‰...≈∞a, Ë«∞B∫d«¡, «∞LOUÁ, «∞M∂U¢U‹ §c˸ °UÆ∑öŸ ¥Iu ØUÊ ØLU ©Od, √Ë •Ou«Ê «ÅDOUœ ≠w °U∞Lªd°AU‹ Ë≥w ±d•KW Ëßj °Os «∞MIg Ë«∞dßr, •Uˉ «ù≤ºUÊ •Uˉ Ë«∞dßr, «∞MIg °Os Ëßj ±d•KW Ë≥w °U∞Lªd°AU‹ ≥cÁ Ëîö‰ ¸±It. °NU ∞Oºb «_®πU¸ √˸«‚ °Fi ËØc∞p «∞∂d¥W ±s îö∞NU √Ê ¥F∂d - ≠w √®JU‰ °ö ≤ºV - ´LU ¥πdÈ ±s •u∞t ±s ¥πdÈ ´LU - ≤ºV °ö √®JU‰ ≠w - ¥F∂d √Ê îö∞NU ±s ±∑MIö •OU¢t ¥FOg √Ê «ù≤ºUÊ ´Kv ØUÊ «∞Du¥KW «∞e±MOW «∞H∑d… ≠w «∞JuÊ. ≠w ±s ∞t ¥Js ∞r ËÆX ≠w Ë≥MU„ ≥MU ±QËÈ ´s ¥∂∫Y üîd ±JUÊ ±s Ë´Mb±U ¢Fbœ‹ √≤AD∑t «∞Ou±OW Ë«“œ«œ‹ «∞∑πLFU‹ «∞ºJU≤OW ØUÊ «∞ºJU≤OW «∞∑πLFU‹ Ë«“œ«œ‹ «∞Ou±OW √≤AD∑t ¢Fbœ‹ Ë´Mb±U «∞A∑U¡. Ë°dËœ… «∞BOn •d«¸… ≤Hºt Ë¥Iw ´u¸¢t °t ∞Oº∑d ±K∂f ´Kv «ù≤ºUÊ √Ê ¥∑∂Mv ËßOKW £U°∑W ∞K∑F∂Od ´s √≠JU¸Á Ë∞∑ºπOq √≠JU¸Á ´s ∞K∑F∂Od £U°∑W ËßOKW ¥∑∂Mv √Ê «ù≤ºUÊ ´Kv ≠S≤t «∞Iu‹ §Ll ±d•KW °b√‹ ±∑v ≤∫bœ √Ê ≤º∑DOl ô ØMU Ë≈–« √•b«À •OU¢t «∞Ou±OW. Ë∞Of ±s ®p ≠w √Ê «ù≤ºUÊ √Ê ≠w ®p ±s Ë∞Of «∞Ou±OW. •OU¢t √•b«À ∞O∂b√ «∞Ld•KW ≥cÁ «≤∑NX ±∑v ±Fd≠W «∞LLJs ±s ™q ∞H∑d… ©u¥KW ¥∑FU±q °ußUzq ±RÆ∑W ∞K∑F∂Od ´s ∞K∑F∂Od ±RÆ∑W °ußUzq ¥∑FU±q ©u¥KW ∞H∑d… ™q ±d•KW Ë≥w •OU¢t ≠w ≥U±W §b¥b… ±d•KW «ù≤ºUÊ «∞HJd…, Ë∞Fq ±s √°d“≥U «ß∑ªb«Â «ù®U¸«‹ «∞L∑∂Uœ∞W «ù®U¸«‹ «ß∑ªb«Â √°d“≥U ±s Ë∞Fq «∞HJd…, «∞DHd«‹ °∑Kp «∞Ld•KW ≥cÁ «≤∑NX ≠Ib «∞Iu‹, ≈≤∑Uà ∞∑∫IOo «∞∑HU≥r °Os «_≠d«œ, Ë«ù®U¸… °Uß∑ªb«Â √´CU¡ °Uß∑ªb«Â Ë«ù®U¸… «_≠d«œ, °Os «∞∑HU≥r ∞∑∫IOo ≠w ¢∑L∏q Ë«∞∑w •OU¢t ≠w «ù≤ºUÊ •IINU «∞∑w «∞NUzKW §ºr «ù≤ºUÊ √Ë °Uß∑ªb«Â ´u«±q ±ºU´b… Æb ¢ªb Æb ±ºU´b… ´u«±q °Uß∑ªb«Â √Ë «ù≤ºUÊ §ºr Ë≥w «∞e¸«´W, ˱Fd≠W «∞MU¸, Ë≈¥IUœ «∞∫Ou«Ê, «ß∑μMU” «∞HJd… ≠w ∞∫E∑NU £r ¢M∑Nw «∞HJd… °U≤∑NU¡ «ß∑ªb«Â °U≤∑NU¡ «∞HJd… ¢M∑Nw £r ∞∫E∑NU ≠w «∞HJd… {Ls •OY «ôß∑Id«¸ ∞û≤ºUÊ •IIX ©Hd«‹ «ù®U¸…. Ëô°b √Ê «ù≤ºUÊ Æb √œ¸„ ≠w ËÆX ±U √Ê ±U ËÆX ≠w √œ¸„ Æb «ù≤ºUÊ √Ê Ëô°b «ù®U¸…. √Øq ±s Ë¢∫u‰ «∞DFUÂ, ±s U Î ±ªeË≤ «∞∫Ou«Ê °Uß∑μMU” «ù®U¸… ô ¥LJs √Ê ¢Hw °Jq ±U ¥d¥b √Ê ¥F∂d ´Mt, ¥F∂d √Ê ¥d¥b ±U °Jq ¢Hw √Ê ¥LJs ô «ù®U¸… «∞MU¸. «Ø∑AU· °Fb Ò «∞LDNu «∞K∫r √Øq ≈∞v «∞MOT ∞K∫r ≠U∞J∏Od ±s «∞LFU≤w «∞πLU∞OW Ë«∞IOr Ë«∞L∂UœΔ ËØc∞p Ë«∞L∂UœΔ Ë«∞IOr «∞πLU∞OW «∞LFU≤w ±s ≠U∞J∏Od ≈∞v ©Os ±s √Ë«≤Ot ¥∫u‰ §FKt «∞cÍ «ôØ∑AU· ≥c« «∞LFU±ö‹ °Os «∞MU”, Øq ≥cÁ ˨Od≥U ØU≤X ¢∫∑Uà ØU≤X ˨Od≥U ≥cÁ Øq «∞MU”, °Os «∞LFU±ö‹ ™KLW Ë¥∂bœ «∞A∑U¡ ≠Bq ≠w °U∞b·¡ Ë¥º∑L∑l ≠ªU¸, ∞LHdœ«‹ ô ¥LJs «∞∑F∂Od ´MNU °Uù®U¸…, £r ≈Ê «ù≤ºUÊ ≈Ê £r °Uù®U¸…, ´MNU «∞∑F∂Od ¥LJs ô ∞LHdœ«‹ «∞KOq. ´Mb±U îDU îDu«‹ Ë«ßFW ≠w ±πU‰ «∞FIUzb ±πU‰ ≠w Ë«ßFW îDu«‹ îDU ´Mb±U «∞HFKw «ôß∑Id«¸ °L∏U°W «∞e¸«´W «Ø∑AU· ËØUÊ «∞b¥MOW Ë«_≤ADW «∞Lb≤OW Ë«∞FºJd¥W √œ¸„ √≤t ô°b √≤t √œ¸„ Ë«∞FºJd¥W «∞Lb≤OW Ë«_≤ADW «∞b¥MOW “¸«´OW Ë°b˸… «∞MOq °HOCUÊ «¸¢∂j «∞cÍ ∞û≤ºUÊ ±s ¢ºπOq √•b«À °FOMNU Ë∞Fq √°ºDNU √Ê ≈¥LU≤t √Ê √°ºDNU Ë∞Fq °FOMNU √•b«À ¢ºπOq ±s °U∞Id» Î ±ºJMU ∞MHºt Ë√ÆU ˰U∞∫BUœ, «∞∂c˸ Ë°∂c¸ °∫OU… ±U °Fb «∞Lu‹ §FKt ¥ºFv ∞K∫HUÿ ´Kv «∞πºb ´Kv ∞K∫HUÿ ¥ºFv §FKt «∞Lu‹ °Fb ±U °∫OU… ËØuÊ «∞J∑UÊ, ±s ±ö°f ∞MHºt ËÅMl “¸«´∑t ±s ∞Jw ¢∑Fd· ´KOt «∞dËÕ Ë¢b» ≠Ot, ˱s °Os ËßUzq °Os ˱s ≠Ot, Ë¢b» «∞dËÕ ´KOt ¢∑Fd· ∞Jw «∞∑πLFU‹ ±l «∞LBU∞` ¥∑∂Uœ‰ Ë°b√ √ßd… ∞MHºt «∞∫HUÿ ´Kv «∞πºb Ë{LUÊ îKuœ «ù≤ºUÊ «ßLt «ù≤ºUÊ îKuœ Ë{LUÊ «∞πºb ´Kv «∞∫HUÿ ∞OMIq Î ØU≠OU «ôß∑Id«¸ ≥c« ËØUÊ «∞LπU˸…, «∞ºJU≤OW «∞AªBw «∞cÍ ØUÊ ô°b ±s ¢ºπOKt ´Kv §b¸«Ê ´Kv ¢ºπOKt ±s ô°b ØUÊ «∞cÍ «∞AªBw «ù®∂UŸ ±d•KW (Ë≥w «∞Iu‹ §Ll ±d•KW ±s «ù≤ºUÊ ±I∂d¢t Ë´Kv ¢L∏U∞t Ë´Kv √£U£t «∞πMUzeÍ Ë¨OdÁ. «∞πMUzeÍ √£U£t Ë´Kv ¢L∏U∞t Ë´Kv ±I∂d¢t Ë«∞HMw Ë«∞c≥Mw «∞HJdÍ «ù®∂UŸ ±d•KW ≈∞v «∞LUœÍ) ËÆb ≤π` «∞LBdÍ °Fb §Nb §NOb ≠w √Ê ¥∫Io √Ê ≠w §NOb §Nb °Fb «∞LBdÍ ≤π` ËÆb •u∞t, ±s ¥πdÍ Ë≠OLU «∞JuÊ îKo ≠w «∞∑HJOd Ë≈∞v ≥c« «∞∫bÀ «∞NUzq - «∞ußOKW «∞∏U°∑W ∞K∑F∂Od ´s ∞K∑F∂Od «∞∏U°∑W «∞ußOKW - «∞NUzq «∞∫bÀ ≥c« Ëô•k °t, «∞L∫ODW «∞Ju≤OW «∞IuÈ ≠w ¥HJd Ë°b√ «∞HJd… - √Í «∞J∑U°W «∞∑w ≤IK∑t ±s ±d•KW ´Bu¸ ±U Æ∂q «∞∑U¸¥a Æ∂q ±U ´Bu¸ ±d•KW ±s ≤IK∑t «∞∑w «∞J∑U°W √Í - «∞HJd… ¥ºDl «∞ILd Ë√Ê §b¥b, ±s ¢Ad‚ £r ¢Gd» £r ¢Ad‚ «∞ALf √Ê ≈∞v «∞FBu¸ «∞∑U¸¥ªOW. √Í √Ê «∞J∑U°W ≥w «∞∫b «∞HUÅq °Os ´Bu¸ °Os «∞HUÅq «∞∫b ≥w «∞J∑U°W √Ê √Í «∞∑U¸¥ªOW. «∞FBu¸ ≈∞v ¥MLu £r ¥∫Bb £r ¥MLu «∞M∂U‹ Ë√Ê §b¥b, ±s ¥Cw¡ £r ¥ª∑Hw £r ±U Æ∂q «∞∑U¸¥a Ë«∞FBu¸ «∞∑U¸¥ªOW «∞∑w °b√¢NU ±Bd °U_ßd… «_Ë∞v °U_ßd… ±Bd °b√¢NU «∞∑w «∞∑U¸¥ªOW Ë«∞FBu¸ «∞∑U¸¥a Æ∂q ±U ≥cÁ §b¥b. ±s ¥HOi £r ¥GOi £r ¥HOi «∞MOq Ë√Ê §b¥b, ±s ´Kv «´∑∂U¸ √Ê «∞J∑U°W ≥w ±Uœ… ¢ºπOq ¢U¸¥a Ë•CU¸… «ù≤ºUÊ Ë•CU¸… ¢U¸¥a ¢ºπOq ±Uœ… ≥w «∞J∑U°W √Ê «´∑∂U¸ ´Kv °U∞IDl ∞t √Ë•X «∞∑w ≥w Ë«∞MOq Ë«∞M∂U‹ Ë«∞ILd ∞KALf «∞b˸… «∞LBdÍ «∞Ib¥r. «∞LBdÍ ∞H∑d… Ë¥Lu‹ ±RÆ∑W, ∞H∑d… ¥∫OU √≤t °LFMv «∞Lu‹, °Fb ±U °∫OU… ´s «ôß∑Id«¸ «∞cÍ ¢∫Io ∞û≤ºUÊ ¢∫Io «∞cÍ «ôß∑Id«¸ ´s Î ¢F∂Od« «∞J∑U°W «î∑d«Ÿ ˧U¡ °πu≥d «∞LBdÍ ¬±s ≥Jc« «ü°b¥s. _°b §b¥b ±s ¥∂FY £r ±RÆ∑W, ´s √Ê ≥c« «ù≤ºUÊ ≥c« √Ê ´s ΠˢF∂Od« Ë«∞LFMuÍ, «∞LUœÍ «ôß∑Id«¸ «∞LBdÍ, ±s ËØUÊ Ë«∞ªKuœ «∞∂FY √Í «∞LBd¥W «∞∫CU¸… ≠w «∞∏Iq ˱dØe Æ∂q ¨OdÁ ∞KMNu÷ °FV¡ ≥cÁ «∞ªDu… «∞∂U¸“… ´Kv ©d¥o ´Kv «∞∂U¸“… «∞ªDu… ≥cÁ °FV¡ ∞KMNu÷ ¨OdÁ Æ∂q Î ±NOμU ØUÊ ±l ¥∑FU±q ∞Jw Î ±NOμU «∞LBdÍ «ù≤ºUÊ ØUÊ √Ê ±Bd •k •ºs •CU¸¢t «∞d«zb…. £r ≥w ¢F∂Od ´s √Ê «∞∂OμW «∞∑w ´U‘ «ù≤ºUÊ ´U‘ «∞∑w «∞∂OμW √Ê ´s ¢F∂Od ≥w £r «∞d«zb…. •CU¸¢t «∞d«zFW «∞∫CU¸… ≥cÁ Î ±FU ∞MU ¥Mπe« ∞Jw ±FNU Ë¥∑HU´q «∞D∂OFW «∞LBdÍ «∞Ib¥r ≠w ¸•U°NU ßU´b‹ ´Kv ¢∫IOo «ôß∑Id«¸ ∞t, «ôß∑Id«¸ ¢∫IOo ´Kv ßU´b‹ ¸•U°NU ≠w «∞Ib¥r «∞LBdÍ ±Bd. √¸÷ ´Kv ±JUÊ Øq ≠w ®u«≥b≥U ≤dÈ Ë«∞∑w –∞p «ôß∑Id«¸ «∞cÍ √≠d“ «∞J∏Od ±s «ù°b«´U‹, ≠U∞LMUŒ «∞LMUßV ≠U∞LMUŒ «ù°b«´U‹, ±s «∞J∏Od √≠d“ «∞cÍ «ôß∑Id«¸ –∞p ˸ßuŒ °∏IW «_Ë∞v îDu«¢t ¥ªDu «ù≤ºUÊ °b« «ôß∑Id«¸ ™q Ë≠w «∞Lº∑Id ≈∞v •b Ø∂Od, Ë«_¸÷ «∞Lº∑u¥W ≠w ±FEr √¸§U¡ «∞∂öœ, √¸§U¡ ±FEr ≠w «∞Lº∑u¥W Ë«_¸÷ Ø∂Od, •b ≈∞v «∞Lº∑Id ≠w ∞JUzMU‹ ¢LU£Oq ØU∞DOs ∞OMW ±u«œ ±s ¥AJq ≠∂b√ «∞Hs, ≤∫u

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≠v ≥c« «∞Fbœ : «∞Fbœ ≥c« ≠v

≤AQ… Ë¢Du¸ «∞J∑U°W ≠w ±Bd ≠w «∞J∑U°W Ë¢Du¸ ≤AQ… «∞Ib¥LW 3 «∞b¥s ≤u¸ «∞∫KOr ´∂b √.œ.

ÆB∂W «∞IU≥d… «∞HU©LOW «∞IU≥d… ÆB∂W ≤AQ… «∞AU¸Ÿ «∞∑πU¸Í Ë«∞IOUßd «∞∑πU¸Í «∞AU¸Ÿ ≤AQ… Ë«_ßu«‚ «ü£U¸ «∞GU¸ÆW ≠w «ùßJMb¸¥W ≠w «∞GU¸ÆW «ü£U¸ œ. ±∫Lb °NU¡ «∞b¥s ±∫Lb §LU‰ ±∫Lb «∞b¥s °NU¡ ±∫Lb œ. 81 ÆUœË” “Øw ´e‹ √.œ. 21 «∞b¥s

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The Heritage off EgyptE «∞Fbœ «_ˉ «∞Fbœ ¥MU¥d 8002 ¥MU¥d

ØKLW ¸zOf «∞∑∫d¥d ¸zOf ØKLW The Heritage of Egypt ±Bd ô ¢∂b√ ±s ±Bd «∞Id¥∂W √≤‡NU ¢∂‡b√ ±‡s √•‡πU¸ "©O‡‡‡∂W" √•‡πU¸ ±‡s ¢∂‡b√ √≤‡NU «∞Id¥∂W ±Bd ±s ¢∂b√ ô ±Bd «∞Fbœ «_ˉ - ¥MU¥d 8002 ¥MU¥d - «_ˉ «∞Fbœ √≤‡NU ¢‡∂‡b√ ±M‡‡c «≤‡‡D‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡∂F‡‡X Æb «∞LU¡ ´Kv «_¸÷ «∞πb¥‡∂W «_¸÷ ´Kv «∞LU¡ Æb «≤‡‡D‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡∂F‡‡X ±M‡‡c ¢‡∂‡b√ √≤‡NU ¢U¸¥a ˬ£U¸ Ë¢d«À ±Bd Ë¢d«À ˬ£U¸ ¢U¸¥a ¢cØd‹ ≥cÁ «∞JKLU‹ ∞‡ "√±q œ≤Iq" •Os °b√‹ ≠w Ø∑U°W «∞ºDu¸ «_Ë∞v ∞NcÁ «∞LπKW. ≠LMc ¬ô· ≠LMc «∞LπKW. ∞NcÁ «_Ë∞v «∞ºDu¸ Ø∑U°W ≠w °b√‹ •Os œ≤Iq" "√±q ∞‡ «∞JKLU‹ ≥cÁ ¢cØd‹ «∞ºMOs ±s «∞BFV «∞∑JNs Ør ´bœ≥U, «ß∑u©s «ù≤ºUÊ «_Ëœ¥W «∞LDOd… ®d‚ «∞∂öœ ˨d°NU, «∞∂öœ ®d‚ «∞LDOd… «_Ëœ¥W «ù≤ºUÊ «ß∑u©s ´bœ≥U, Ør «∞∑JNs «∞BFV ±s «∞ºMOs «∞∑∫d¥d ¸zOf ¥∫Bq ´Kv Æu¢t °U∞πLl Ë«ô∞∑IU◊ Ë«∞BOb, ¥FOg ≠w §LU´U‹ ±∑MIö ±s Ë«œ üîd °U•∏U ´s °U•∏U üîd Ë«œ ±s ±∑MIö §LU´U‹ ≠w ¥FOg Ë«∞BOb, Ë«ô∞∑IU◊ °U∞πLl Æu¢t ´Kv ¥∫Bq ¸≠U´v √±πb ¸“Æt ËÆu‹ ¥u±t, Ë∞Fq ¸ßu±t «∞∑w ¢GDv §∂U‰ Å∫d«zMU «∞AdÆOW «üÊ, ËØNu· Å∫d«zMU «∞Gd°OW Å∫d«zMU ËØNu· «üÊ, «∞AdÆOW Å∫d«zMU §∂U‰ ¢GDv «∞∑w ¸ßu±t Ë∞Fq ¥u±t, ËÆu‹ ¸“Æt îOd ®U≥b ´Kv «∞∫OU… «∞∑w ´U®NU ≈≤ºUÊ «∞FNb «∞Ib¥r ´Kv √¸÷ "±Bd", ≠w ËÆX ØUÊ ≠Ot "«∞MOq" ≠Ot ØUÊ ËÆX ≠w "±Bd", √¸÷ ´Kv «∞Ib¥r «∞FNb ≈≤ºUÊ ´U®NU «∞∑w «∞∫OU… ´Kv ®U≥b îOd [email protected] «∞FEOr ô ¥e«‰ ¥FLo ±πd«Á ≠w «_¸÷ «∞Bªd¥W «∞IU•KW. Ë•Os §HX ¢Kp «_Ëœ¥W Ë«¸¢∫q «ù≤ºUÊ Ë«¸¢∫q «_Ëœ¥W ¢Kp §HX Ë•Os «∞IU•KW. «∞Bªd¥W «_¸÷ ≠w ±πd«Á ¥FLo ¥e«‰ ô «∞FEOr «∞MU®d ≤∫u «∞b«îq, ØUÊ "«∞MOq" Æb •Hd Ë´Lo ±πd«Á ≈¥c«≤U °∂b¡ •OU… §b¥b… ´Kv √¸÷ "±Bd". ¢FKr "±Bd". √¸÷ ´Kv §b¥b… •OU… °∂b¡ ≈¥c«≤U ±πd«Á Ë´Lo •Hd Æb "«∞MOq" ØUÊ «∞b«îq, ≤∫u «ù≤ºUÊ ´Kv {H∑Ot «∞e¸«´W, Ë≤Fr °Uôß∑Id«¸ «∞cÍ ≥u √ßU” «∞∫CU¸…. √ßU” ≥u «∞cÍ °Uôß∑Id«¸ Ë≤Fr «∞e¸«´W, {H∑Ot ´Kv «ù≤ºUÊ ∞KMAd «∞∫CU¸… [email protected] ≠FKv {H∑w ≥c« «∞MNd «∞FEOr ÆU±X √ˉ •CU¸«‹ «ù≤ºU≤OW, ËÆb ®Jq ±uÆl ±Bd ±l ¢Fbœ ±l ±Bd ±uÆl ®Jq ËÆb «ù≤ºU≤OW, •CU¸«‹ √ˉ ÆU±X «∞FEOr «∞MNd ≥c« {H∑w ≠FKv www.alhadara.com îOd«¢NU ´U±ö ±NLU ≠w ÆOU ≥cÁ «∞∫CU¸…, «∞∫CU¸… «∞∑w ≥OLMX ´Kv «∞FU∞r «∞Ib¥r ≠w √ËÆU‹ ≠w «∞Ib¥r «∞FU∞r ´Kv ≥OLMX «∞∑w «∞∫CU¸… «∞∫CU¸…, ≥cÁ ÆOU ≠w ±NLU ´U±ö îOd«¢NU «∞Iu…, Ë√Å∂∫X ±DLFU ≠w √ËÆU‹ «∞CFn . ≠Jr ±s •CU¸«‹ Ë œË‰ ¢MUË°X ´Kv ≥cÁ «_¸÷ ≥cÁ ´Kv ¢MUË°X œË‰ Ë •CU¸«‹ ±s ≠Jr . «∞CFn √ËÆU‹ ≠w ±DLFU Ë√Å∂∫X «∞Iu…, Fax: (20 2) 3760 58 98 °Fb √≠u‰ ≤πr «∞∫CU¸… «∞LBd¥W «∞Ib¥LW "«∞Hd´u≤OW", °b¡« ±s «∞∫CU¸… «∞Ou≤U≤OW, ±d˸« °U∞∫CU¸… ±d˸« «∞Ou≤U≤OW, «∞∫CU¸… ±s °b¡« "«∞Hd´u≤OW", «∞Ib¥LW «∞LBd¥W «∞∫CU¸… ≤πr √≠u‰ °Fb «∞d˱U≤OW, ËÆu≠U ´Mb «∞LºO∫OW «∞∑w ØUÊ ∞ûßJMb¸¥W ®d· «ß∑I∂U∞NU ØQˉ ±b¥MW ≠w ≈≠d¥IOU, ≠w ±b¥MW ØQˉ «ß∑I∂U∞NU ®d· ∞ûßJMb¸¥W ØUÊ «∞∑w «∞LºO∫OW ´Mb ËÆu≠U «∞d˱U≤OW, ∞KMAd «∞∫CU¸… © «≤∑NU¡ °U∞∫CU¸… «ùßö±OW ±l œîu‰ «∞Fd» ∞LBd. ØUÊ ∞LBd «_£d «∞u«{` ≠v ≥cÁ «∞∫CU¸«‹ ≥cÁ ≠v «∞u«{` «_£d ∞LBd ØUÊ ∞LBd. «∞Fd» œîu‰ ±l «ùßö±OW °U∞∫CU¸… «≤∑NU¡ ∞KMAd. ∞K∫CU¸… ±∫Hu™W Ë«∞D∂U´W «∞MAd •Iu‚ > ±IU¸≤W °LU «Ø∑º∂∑t ±MNU, •Os ØU≤X "±Bd" «∞AFUŸ «∞cÍ ¥Cw¡ «∞FU∞r °Mu¸ «∞FKr Ë«∞LFd≠W ËÆ∑LU Ë«∞LFd≠W «∞FKr °Mu¸ «∞FU∞r ¥Cw¡ «∞cÍ «∞AFUŸ "±Bd" ØU≤X •Os ±MNU, «Ø∑º∂∑t °LU ±IU¸≤W Åu¸… °QÈ «ôÆ∑∂U” √Ë «∞Mºa √Ë «∞MAd ≈´Uœ… ¥∫Ed > ¥ºuœ «∞EöÂ.. ™ö «∞πNq Ë«∞Hu{v. ±U ±s •CU¸… §U¡‹ ≈∞v √¸÷ "±Bd" ≈ô Ë¢dØX ˸«zNU Ë¢dØX ≈ô "±Bd" √¸÷ ≈∞v §U¡‹ •CU¸… ±s ±U Ë«∞Hu{v. «∞πNq ™ö «∞EöÂ.. ¥ºuœ «∞MU®d. ±s Ø∑U°v °S–Ê ≈ô ô ¥LJs ¢πU≥Kt, Ë•πd« ô ¥LJs ≈≥LU∞t . ≈≥LU∞t ¥LJs ô Ë•πd« ¢πU≥Kt, ¥LJs ô Î √£d« ´s °U∞Cd˸… ¢F∂d ô «∞LD∂u´W ≥cÁ ≠v «∞u«¸œ… «ü¸«¡ > ¢u§t «∞MU®d √Ë ¸zOf «∞∑∫d¥d °q ¢F∂d ´s ¢u§t ˸√È ¢u§t ´s ¢F∂d °q «∞∑∫d¥d ¸zOf √Ë «∞MU®d ¢u§t œ´u≤U ≤∂∫d ±FJr ≠w ÅH∫U‹ ≥cÁ «∞LπKW, ≤∑HIb ±U ¢dØ∑t ≥cÁ «∞∫CU¸«‹ ´Kv √¸÷ "±Bd" √¸÷ ´Kv «∞∫CU¸«‹ ≥cÁ ¢dØ∑t ±U ≤∑HIb «∞LπKW, ≥cÁ ÅH∫U‹ ≠w ±FJr ≤∂∫d œ´u≤U ØU¢∂ONU. ±s ≈¸À •CU¸Í ∞t ©U°Ft «∞ªU’, ¥º∑∫o «≥∑LU±MU, Ë¥º∑u§V «•∑d«Â «∞πLOl . «∞πLOl «•∑d«Â Ë¥º∑u§V «≥∑LU±MU, ¥º∑∫o «∞ªU’, ©U°Ft ∞t •CU¸Í ≈¸À ±s

®J‡‡‡‡‡‡d œ. ´∂b «∞∫KOr ≤u¸ «∞b¥s .. «∞b¥s ≤u¸ «∞∫KOr ´∂b œ. ∞ºOUœ¢Jr Øq ®Jd Ë¢Ib¥d Ë«•∑d«Â , ∞uô §NbØr «∞L∑LOe , Ë¢AπOFJr «∞Lº∑Ld, Ë´DUzJr «∞Lº∑Ld, Ë¢AπOFJr , «∞L∑LOe §NbØr ∞uô , Ë«•∑d«Â Ë¢Ib¥d ®Jd Øq ∞ºOUœ¢Jr «∞b«zr ∞LU ØMU ∞Mªdà °Nc« «∞FLq ≈∞v «∞Mu¸ .. «∞Mu¸ ≈∞v «∞FLq °Nc« ∞Mªdà ØMU ∞LU «∞b«zr √±πb ¸≠U´v √±πb

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Composite