KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN DRAFT SPATIAL PLAN - FUTURE DIRECTION May 2020 | DRAFT | Rev 6
Prepared for By
RESILIOSTUDIO
Kaipara District Coun- AR & Associates Resilio Limited cil Level 2, 129 Hurstmere Road 10 West Terrace 42 Hokianga Rd, Takapuna Newton Dargaville 0310 Auckland 0622 Auckland 1010
+0800 727 059 www.arassociates.co.nz www.resilio.nz
North Island: Contact_ Gary Marshall Contact_ Joao Machado +64 21 591 279 +64 272 950 386 [email protected] [email protected]
South Island: Contact_ Gavin Flynn +64 21 704 332 [email protected] KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT CONTENTS
Part 1 | Overview Part 4 | Poutō Peninsula 1.0 | Introduction 4.0 | Poutō Peninsula Overview 1.1 | Overview 4.1 | Tinopai 1.2 | Methodology 4.2 | Kellys Bay 1.3 | Design Principles 4.3 | Poutō Point 1.4 | Core Māori Values 1.5 | Te Aranga + Community Design Principles Part 5 | Kaipara Harbour 1.6 | Regional Context 5.0 | Kaipara Harbour Overview 1.7 | Planning Context 5.1 | Paparoa 1.8 | District Wide Mapping 5.2 | Pahi 1.9 | Kaipara Communities 5.3 | Matakohe 5.4 | Whakapirau Part 2 | North Kaipara 5.5 | Hakaru 2.0 | North Kaipara Overview 2.1 | Kaihū Part 6 | Next Steps 2.2 | Maunganui Bluff Beach 2.3 | Omamari 2.4 | Tangiteroria 2.5 | Tangowahine
Part 3 | Central Kaipara + West Coast 3.0 | Central Kaipara Overview 3.1 | Baylys Beach 3.2 | Te Kōpuru 3.3 | Glinks Gully 3.4 | Ruāwai
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 Part 1 | Overview KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.0 | Introduction
The Draft Kaipara Sub-Regional Spatial Plan contains the collation of the constraints, challenges, insights and opportunities brought together from phases two and three of the Kaipara Sub-Regional Spatial planning process for Kaipara’s rural communities. It is a descriptive collection of the constraints and opportunities analyses and a summary of the engagement from community workshops and online interviews. This document sets out future direction for the options being considered through this Phase Four of the district- wide spatial planning process.
The purpose of this document is to utilise it as a tool for agreeing on the work to date, seek feedback on the direction for each of the rural settlements and wider district environments, and to further involve partners, stakeholders and community representatives of the process to encourage further collaboration with the spatial planning process.
Engagements were conducted with the following communities:
Baylys Beach, Glinks Gully, Hakarū, Kaihū (including Aranga and Omamari), Kellys Bay, Matakohe, Pāhi, Paparoa, Poutō Point, Ruāwai Tangiteroria, Tangowahine, Te Kōpuru, Tinopai, Whakapirau
The rāhui imposed due to Covid-19 pandemic, and New Zealand going into Covid-19 Alert Level 4 lockdown in March, halted the ‘live’ engagement hui for the Sub Regional Spatial Plan. In order to properly and safely engage with the remaining communities, feedback was gained through interviews conducted via online platforms and through targeted interviews conducted over the phone and via online meeting platforms such as Microsoft Teams, Skype, and Zoom. There have been some limitations with this approach, in terms of reaching people and engaging with a wider reach of the communities of Kaipara. Further involvement from the communities, mana whenua, key stakeholders, and other partner organisations will be pursued during the public consultation period in June - July.
Parts 2 to 5 of the Draft Kaipara Sub-Regional Spatial Plan comprise the start of the early thinking on the options to address the most pressing issues that each community has to overcome to enable sustainable development. These options will then be refined through the next phase of the project and by progressing the council’s response to the feedback received during the consultation phase in July. The last section of the Draft Kaipara Sub-Regional Spatial Plan sets out the future steps leading up to the adoption of the spatial plan signalling how this will be taken forward to inform the future Kaipara District Plan Review (programmed for 2021-2023) and infrastructure planning processes such as the Kaipara Infrastructure Strategy and the various initiatives that will sit within that strategy.
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 4 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.1 | Overview
| What is the Kaipara Sub-Regional Plan Project?
The Kaipara District Council wishes to enable sustainable development for the numerous urban, peri-urban and rural communities which characterise Kaipara. This is being pursued through a spatial planning process which will flow into a future statutory District Plan review process.
A spatial plan is a holistic approach to development and management of resources, community social infrastructure, and the identification of adequate infrastructure to improve the future social, economic, cultural and environmental well-being of a community. Well-being can be measured through many different indicators, such as Council surveys, health data, environmental monitoring and economic information.
| Objectives
The Kaipara Sub-Regional Spatial Plan aims to achieve the following objectives:
1. Understanding the dynamics, drivers and infrastructure needed to support connected development and coordinated functions between Kaipara’s settlements, villages and towns
2. Management of natural resources including the mountains, lakes, wetlands, soils, coastal edges, waterways, native forests and the Kaipara Moana (Harbour) and how people should act when they are in these special places
3. Developing a sustainable approach to how all rural and coastal land will be managed for cultural, commercial, conservation and community-based activities
4. Work with Kaipara Mana Whenua/tangata whenua and communities to ensure they are informed of the project, provide genuine input through the process and have buy-in and ownership of the outcomes
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| INDICATIVE TIME-LINE
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4 PHASE 5 PHASE 6 PHASE 7 Project Initiation Constraints, Setting the Option Review Feedback Prepare and Share Produce & Present Challenges and Direction + Initial Development, and Agree Changes Drat Spatial Plan for the final Spatial Opportunities Engagement Testing and Final Review Plan Assessment Evaluation + Consultation
DECEMBER 2019 FEBRUARY-MARCH MARCH-APRIL MAY-JULY JULY AUGUST OCTOBER 2020
Confirming project Gather information Setting the Utilising Collate & agree Generate draft Finalise the Spatial brief, programme, including regional vision, spatial information & the changes to Spatial Plan for Plan following deliverables, roles context and local plan principles insights gathered the draft Spatial review through feedback from and responsibilities environmental, & assessment through previous Plan key themes decision making previous phase societal, cultural, criteria. Produce phases, generate consultation structure economic discussion paper development document and enabling following initial preferred option following infrastructure and engagement with for whole of feedback from analysis identified villages district showing the consultation and settlements linkages and evaluation relationships between settlements
WE ARE HERE
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 6 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.1 | Overview - Kaipara
This map shows the locations of Kaipara’s key urban towns, rural towns, villages and rural and coastal settlements that this sub-regional spatial plan focuses on. It provides a visual reference to the relationship each place has to each other, the larger centres outside of the district and how the road and rail line infrastructure link them all together. It also gives a clear perspective of how much of the district is rural land and how many of the settlements have a water connection, be it the Kaipara West Coast, the Kaipara Harbour or the expansive rivers network including the Wairoa, Kaihū, or Kaiwaka rivers.
Legend
Centre
Rail line
1 State Highway
Kaipara District Border
Scale: 1_550 000@A3
0 5 10 20km
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 7 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.1 | Overview - Workstreams Regional Infrastructure National Policy Statement on | A Living Document Plan • Urban Development Capacity NZTA, MBIE & NRC • New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement • Planning horizon • Highly Productive Land • Alignment with other plans and documents • Fresh Water Management
| Kaipara District Spatial Planning Workstreams NRC Regional Plan & Regional Policy The Kaipara District spatial planning workstreams diagram below shows Statement the inputs and outputs from the sub- AUG 2019 regional spatial planning process. It also shows the alignment and close relationship with infrastructure planning and delivery to enable the KDC Infrastructure Kaipara District Plan Review Kaipara key upgrades required to implement JUNE 2021 the spatial plan. Strategy & Long Term Design Plan Interface Guide SEPTEMBER 2020
Kaipara Sub-Regional Spatial Plan TO BE ADOPTED OCTOBER 2020
Rural, Countryside Kaiwaka Towns & living, Conservation Villages Strategy & Māori Land • Dargaville • Lakes, Mountains, Maungatūroto & Rivers, Coast & Kaiwaka Spatial Plans Conservation Areas • Settlements, Villages • Marae & Māori Land & Small Towns Activities • Commercial & Rural Productive Activities • Tourism Activities
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| Engagement Overview The wider project team has Council and Kaipara Harbour its residents. Key stakeholders will benefitted from wider public Integrated Management Group be consulted to ensure that their A core aspect of the community engagement through the Key Urban will be involved in key decisions concerns and aspirations have engagement process includes Areas Spatial Plan and the Kaipara regarding the process - their been understood and considered. codesign workshops as part of Wharves Feasibility Study project, concerns and aspirations will need Stakeholder feedback will be community meetings. The core steps which covered in many respects to be understood and considered in captured and incorporated into ‘early of the process are: some of the same communities the decision-making process. The insights’ and will be provided with including mana whenua and youth primary means of engagement with mapped information to assist them in 1. Establish shared Community engagement undertaken in October project partners will be through understanding the opportunities and Values and Aspirations 2019. Some of the communities face to face meetings (in person constraints associated with the area. 2. Community Audit engaged through these other as allowed or via online platforms), 3. Constraints, Challenges and projects included Ruāwai, Paparoa, presentations and participatory Opportunities Tinopai, Poutō Point, Whakapirau workshops. | Engagement Workshops 4. Draft Spatial Plan and Pāhi. It is noted also that the - Speed Planning Methodology 5. Review and Feedback previous engagement initiatives Key Stakeholders include community 6. Refined Spatial Plan included various hui with mana groups, special interest groups and In the ‘speed planning’ exercise whenua as part of both these other key influences in the community. (also often referred to as “World Community workshops were held projects. The wider community includes local Cafe”), participants were divided with the engagement focusing residents and the wider Kaipara evenly into four to six tables. At each around themes for community In order to maximise the value community. Both of these groups table a topic is covered, in which aspirations, constraints, heritage, of the engagement process the have been engaged through survey community members discuss issues social needs (soft infrastructure), project utilised the International monkey and community open relating to the topic for ten to fifteen services and transport (hard Association for Public Participation days, with further survey and open minutes. At the end of each round, infrastructure), economic (IAP2) Spectrum of Participation as days coming up in the June - July participants rotate, until each group development, and environmental a reference. For the purposes of this engagement period (the open day has been to every topic. The topics issues. The workshops took place for project, people and organisations method is still to be determined). included: the following communities: will be considered in three distinct The difference being that key groups with corresponding levels stakeholders will be contacted • Values and aspirations 16/03/2020 - of engagement - project partners, directly to ensure that they are • Economic opportunities Paparoa (Paparoa Primary School) key stakeholders and the wider fully aware of the process and • Infrastructure and services community. specifically invited to the surveys • Constraints and opportunities 17/03/2020 - and community events. The wider • Environmental needs Tinopai (Tinopai School) Project partners will be made up public will be reached via existing • Social needs Pahi (Pahi Hall) of tangata whenua iwi authorities, communications channels the hapū and marae, Northland Regional Kaipara District Council has with 19/03/2020 - Kellys Bay (Kellys Bay Hall)
The rāhui imposed due to Covid 19 halted the ‘live’ engagement hui for the Sub-Regional Spatial Plan. In COMMUNITY COMMUNITY CONSTRAINTS, DRAFT REVIEW & REFINED order to properly and safely engage VALUES & AUDIT CHALLENGES & SPATIAL PLAN FEEDBACK SPATIAL PLAN with the remaining communities, ASPIRATIONS OPPORTUNITIES feedback was gained through interviews conducted via online platforms. The time and effort to partake in the revised engagement format was thoroughly appreciated.
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 9 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.2 | Mana Whenua Engagement
The agreed engagement approach TE IWI O TE ROROA Some additional meanings of the (on the whenua or paper or maps) entailed visiting different marae ‘principles’ were suggested_ where Mana Whenua significant and having hui with Mana Whenua Core Māori Values sites and cultural landmarks are in their own environments and at acknowledged. times that were suitable to them. The general values are supported Whakapapa These engagement hui proved to be from a physical design perspective, This connects Māori to everything. How Te Iwi o Te Roroa would like to extremely enlightening and satisfying however it was suggested that the It clarifies lore, history, philosophies work with KDC when planning for experiences. They delivered meaning of whānaungatanga is and is responsible for the current and future needs of their information and insights which has updated to ‘A familial or friendly transference of knowledge between villages and / or marae. been a vital part of forming a clear reciprocal relationship anchored in generations. Using names to and robust image of where Kaipara shared experiences, partnerships and celebrate history of which Māori Kanohi ki te kanohi hui (meaning Mana Whenua and marae are today working together that gives people should discuss collectively to meetings face-to-face) at the and where and how they would like a sense of belonging’. ‘Whānau’ is determine priority or importance. relevant marae and both parties to see themselves, their marae and the root word of whānaungatanga; laying out on the table what each the wider district grow in the future. therefore, it is first and foremost Mana other’s issues are, then working anchored from whakapapa. Recognising each other’s mana together - mahi tahi - to come up | The text on the following pages and respecting each other’s status with a collaborated plan based on summarises feedback from Kaipara It is also suggested for these ‘core amongst the people. honesty and trust from both sides Iwi and Hapū values’ to remove ‘Wairuatanga” and Whakapapa – Using names to about each other’s capability. replace it with “Mauri” to reflect the celebrate history (Discuss collectively lifeforce / living essence of any and to determine priority or importance) Te Iwi o Te Roroa would like to everything natural within the world. see consistency with the kōrero This can also extend to include the from council and points out that lifeforce of a relationship between Whakapapa information often changes after people, place and space. Mauri can Using names to celebrate history every election. The Iwi suggests also be used to gauge the strength (Discuss collectively to determine the Kaipara District Council (‘KDC’) of that relationship/engagement, by priority or importance) should find a mechanism that determining the overall health of it. enables it to continue its own Taiao whakapapa practice. Te Aranga Design Principles The natural environment. People are part of the natural environment, Currently the needs for the marae It was conveyed by Te Iwi o Roroa when we protect, restore and or surrounds the need for infrastructure that these principles do resonate enhance the environment we protect, maintenance and weed and pest and that they should be used to restore and or enhance ourselves as control along the awa. In addition grasp the understanding of Māori humans. to improving the capacity of the culture. The suggestion is made that marae to deliver work experience, these principles are like Kawa - that Mauri Tū apprenticeships/internships, can not be changed - and the ‘Core To establish and maintain life force workshops in finance, governance, Māori Values’ are more like tikanga - submission writing and funding like rules that can be amended. Tohu applications. Change to the word “Pou”. Marks
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and the overarching principles of sustainability and protection. Cultural principles The constitutional document being Mana whenua have told us that by Te Tiriti o Waitangi - Treaty of having this whakairo as the base of Waitangi (or ‘the Treaty’) - provides any project or development within for the exercise of kāwanatanga the Kaipara District, KDC could (dominion, rule), while actively apply its knowledge of science protecting the Tino Rāngatiratanga and technology to find low-impact of Mana Whenua in respect of construction materials [or such our natural, physical and spiritual design solutions]. It could utilise its resources. legal tools such as the District Plan, Section 36B, 36C and 36D of the building and engineering standards Resource Management Act 1991 and any relevant by-laws, policies or (the ‘RMA’) provide for KDC and incentives to implement these design Mana Whenua to enter into joint elements into the resource consent management agreements. Yet the process. This would ensure that any only joint management that Mana project or development compliments Whenua shares with KDC are those the low-impact, sustainable outcome that have been made under the that we all want as well as protecting settlement claims legislation. resources for the future generations.
Under part 6, sub-part 1, section How Te Iwi o Te Roroa see the Te 81 of the Local Government Act Aranga Principles can be included (‘LGA’), KDC’s “Long-Term Plan must in their relationship with the Kaipara Te Rongo O Hounga Marae - Dargaville set out any steps that it intends to District Council take… to foster the development of sensitive information about tapu work with developers to protect or Māori capacity to contribute to the Mana Rangatiratanga - Authority decision making process…”. The LGA Te Iwi o Te Roroa would like KDC to sites) and not allow it to reach the enhance places of cultural heritage. does not stipulate the area that ‘the recognise them as iwi and engage at public audience. Hearings should decision-making process” should a level as partners, as is guaranteed respect that when Māori provide oral Tohu - The Wider Cultural be limited to, yet KDC has confined under Te Tiriti o Waitangi, the evidence for these tapu sites, that Landscape the decision-making process to Local Government Act, Resource this evidence is not recorded, and Working in partnership with KDC to resource consents under the RMA. Management Act and the guidelines their word should be good enough. erect a lunar calendar in Dargaville The LGA provides for a far wider set out in common law like those and Kai Iwi Lakes or ‘Points from scope in which Māori could have in the Environment Court. The Te Iwi o Te Roroa feel they should Pā’ along the proposed Regional the opportunity to contribute to iwi would like KDC to recognise always be included in any planning, ‘Ancient Kauri Coastal Track’ to decisions. Section 81 sub-section(2) their mana rangatiratanga over especially if it concerns whenua, enable the Māori worldview, historical (b) is “a discretionary clause that is the natural, physical, spiritual and wai, moana and āngi (land, water, events and connections to be only limited by the conscience of the other taonga/resources including sea and air). showcased. Councillors”. their knowledge/mātauranga of the natural world (cycles, plant sourcing, Whakapapa - Names and Naming Working in partnership with KDC to It must be understood by KDC whenua etc). They aspire to work Mana whenua would like to see raise Pou around the District. that Māori believe themselves with the natural world for low-impact more collaboration with KDC to Engage as partners with other to be of nature and part of the and sustainable development. prioritise reclaiming historical areas stakeholders who may want to natural world. Collaboration around within the Kaipara District through contribute to adding to the overall planning and design should be the Mana whenua also wish that KDC changing names and places back cultural landscape of the Kaipara result of both entities knowledge, protects sensitive information (like to their traditional/original names. District. Additionally,mana whenua would like to be given a stronger position to
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Taiao - The Natural Environment Working in partnership to identify any projects where the natural environment may be used to benefit a development i.e assist with site selection.
Working in partnership to identify and assist with design elements that will compliment / enhance a site before and after development.
Mauri Tū - Environmental Health Identify future projects in which Māori can contribute mātauranga to raise the Mauri of the natural areas within the planning and design phase.
Identify potential partnership opportunities in our urban areas where we can contribute with native planting.
Mahi toi - Creative Expression Allowing for cultural practices to be performed (Breaking ground karakia etc)
Allowing for input at the planning and design phases to ensure that Māori presence and narratives are part of the project/development.
Ahi Kā - The Living Presence The mauri of nature will mirror in the mauri of the people it attempts to sustain.
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TE URI O HAU SETTLEMENT TRUST Te Aranga Design Principles To name streets etc Te Uri o Hau our mātauranga Māori of how we General feedback surrounding Te have a taumata that is charged with do kaitiakitanga. Application on Core Māori Values Aranga Design principles resonated the mana to be able to name new how to look after the whenua i.e. Feedback received surrounding with Mana Whenua and was received roading, liken to the past, but in a pest control etc can be developed whether the Core Māori Values positively. It was suggested that contemporary context. It was also specifically for each marae. presented in the Sub-Regional the pinnacle of Council’s successful suggested that allowing blessing of Kaitiaki Taiao Plans are suggested as Spatial Plan resonate with Mana engagement with Māori is to these names would be appropriate. a useful tool for iwi / hapū to deliver Whenua was positive. Option was understand the fullness of these Another suggestion was to hold these outcomes, with the support of that the values presented align with principles. The concepts intertwine workshops that highlight the history the council to achieve their common the Te Tiriti o Waitangi principles with the core values and are of the hapū and iwi and the early goals. and should be used as the basis relevant on any platform i.e. hui, pioneers to see how names could be to remind and inform council’s documentation, agreements. designated for areas of significance Mauri Tū - Environmental Health partnership relationship with Mana It was not considered that any along with appropriate summaries of Te Uri o Hau suggests that the value Whenua. further principles were needed. the associated events. of a rāhui, a Māori concept to forbid, for whatever reason is a mechanism The insight was shared that ‘values’ Mana rāngatiratanga - Authority Tohu - Cultural Landscapes that the Council could support are interpreted as the underlying Involve Māori at the very beginning Te Uri o Hau suggests the notion and explore as rāhui is a traditional mannerisms and behavior of an pre-designing the process of ‘how to of Cultural Landscapes should be conservation tool. By introducing entity which relates well to the engage with Māori’ explored and adopted by Council a Māori principle that is used to Māori word of ‘tikanga’ - the correct It was pointed out that each as it allows Mana Whenua control protect the environmental health of procedure, meaning and practice iwi, hapū, and marae is dynamic over its own connections with the the land also establishes a strong (what we do). and unique, so a ‘one shoe’ whenua, rather than being asked to position for Mana Whenua in terms delivery document doesn’t fit all. pin point specifically a significant of the general public knowledge. ‘Principles’ are more associated with Theoretically Māori are a collective, site. Cultural connection is not how an entity acts or are the rules however it is important to remember always triggered by archaeological Training Māori, or council working that guide their actions. This can there may be variations between iwi sites or wāhi tapu. Often planners alongside Māori, to test stream also be similarly applied to the Māori to iwi, and hapū to hapū. rely on these triggers to engage and do other kaitiaki roles for their word ‘kawa’ meaning the ceremony/ Was suggested that KDC could hapū / iwi to undertake Cultural own whenua, awa, ngahere and customs involved in an act (how we workshop with different marae Values Assessments – clarity āngi Māori can impart traditional do it). representatives and teach them around the difference between an methods of monitoring and work about spatial planning so the initial archaeological assessment and a in partnership with council - tēina It is believed that these concepts engagement could be delivered by cultural assessment needs to be tuākana model. need to be fully understood for Māori for Māori - tēina tuakāna model further discussed with Council. Often the knowledge of how to authentic engagement to occur as - which is true mana rāngatiratanga - Was suggested that ‘Tohu’ has the measure the health of te taiao is, at these are the basis of mātauranga Te Uri o Hau Environs as an example potential to lend itself to develop times, second nature to most Māori, Māori. The practicality of mātauranga of how this could work. unique tourism experiences of this is known by living it. Other Māori is that it is lived in everyday an educational and spiritual factors are knowing the history of life. Whakapapa - Names and Naming nature, which could result in the land and what traditional uses It was pointed out how important it tourism destination opportunities were or events that took place. Only is to those that live within te rohe o that connect into a network of the hau kainga can tell or inform the Te Uri o Hau, know who maintains destinations both tangata whenua Council of this. the Ahi Kā and Mana Whenua and and others. the use of correct Māori place names is an important part of this. The Taiao - the Natural Environment narratives with the place names Te Uri o Hau suggests that building are also important to rediscover - the capacity for our Kaitaki extensive research may need to be and whānau, around scientific required to achieve this. approaches, to enhance and maintain the mauri of te taiao is key. This will be complimented with
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Mahi toi - Creative Expression Te Uri o Hau conveyed that mahi toi is the embodiment of Māori identity and suggested that when engaging Te Uri o Hau for consultation on mahi toi that Council understand the history of Te Uri o Hau mahi toi and how the impact of the battle of Te Ika a Ranginui was a pivotal point in Te Uri o Hau, Ngāti Whātua history. It was also acknowledged that Te Uri o Hau may need to take a journey of revitalisation of its mahi toi – whakairo, raranga, tā moko, reo, tāniko.
Ahi Kā - The Living Presence According to Te Uri o Hau the heart of Ahi Kā is the marae - the place which is always returned to. To maintain this the marae must be maintained, and currently there are many things that the council could support to achieve this. It was clearly conveyed from a Mana Whenua perspective of living and being present in their own rohe, there needs to be socio-economic balance. A challenge was proposed to the Council to investigate options that give rise to Mana Whenua being able to make decisions, when capacity is built, in the RMA processes and create a long term vision that Council and Mana Whenua can work through together.
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RĪPIA MARAE responsibilities.
Summary of feedback received Ecotourism is a viable growth from a representative_ via phone opportunity for Te Kōpuru – but it interview must balance business with existing lifestyles. Located close to Te Kōpuru the marae has a strong connection There are important remnants with the Te Kōpuru Community along the northern Wairoa River – Development Trust and has a disappointed that the wharf project strong physical, emotional, social appears to not have considered this. and cultural relationship with the township of Te Kōpuru. Marae experiences – potential for cultural tourism. Anything that Future development should promotes cultural tourism will be balanced with maintaining provide a strong foundation for the the uniqueness of the history, community. character and people within Kaipara communities. There are local people The Poutō Road through Te Kōpuru in the area who hold personal towards Poutō can act as a leverage collections of historical accounts that for Te Kōpuru community to develop could be used as a resource. its theme or Brand. Rīpia marae Rīpia Marae Grounds - Te Kopuru suggested Te Kōpuru could thrive The views and connection to the with a focus on a theme or Brand Rīpia Marae - Te Kopuru Northern Wairoa river and natural developed by the community and features of the two significant with Council investment. maunga – Maungaraho and Tokatoka are prime tourist attractions. Clean Commercial investment in Te Kōpuru Road is a prime accessway and can be achieved by small to medium potential for a viewing platform. businesses including cottage industries. A key asset of Te Kōpuru is its people, the existing public assets Rīpia marae advocates to Kaipara within and around the town all District Council to engage directly contribute to social interaction and with all marae across Kaipara. cohesion. The local market place is underutilised but has potential Concern around heavy truck traffic to showcase local producers and going past the local primary school produce. causing safety issues for the kids.
Glinks Gully is a major asset to Te Kōpuru - recreation and food source - management of the food source needs planning between marae and local authorities. Rīpia and Ōtūrei marae share kaitiaki over the coastline, as well as environmental
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 15 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT
NAUMAI MARAE There is great potential for tourism skills in future generations. Themes identified from engagement opportunities by capitalising on feedback: Summary of feedback received Māori whakapapa within the local Flooding risks in Ruāwai • Mana Whenua want to be treated as from a representative - Ruāwai_ via district (Ruāwai, Naumai, Raupō, There is a flooding risk, but it can partners and emphasise they should be phone interview Tokatoka). There are four maraes – definitely be addressed. Would like informed of things at the very beginning focus on that experience and share to make the stop bank 0.5m higher. of anything that involves them. Ruāwai is unique as there are three with the community. For example, • Prefer the face to face - Kanohi ki te cultures living together, working hard a tourism trail including glow There is wāhi tapu along the stop Kanohi engagement to build a sound economic base. worm track at Matakohe, mountain bank which needs to be protected. • Cultural tourism is widely seen as a climb at Tokatoka, glow worms at Māori have means of protection - business development opportunity. All Kumara is an important asset to Montgomery Bush. Opportunities to would like to know how KDC or NRC marae have different things to offer. Ruawai’s uniqueness – Kaipara teach traditions around marae. will fulfil protection responsibilities. • Kaipara is seen as the ‘food bowl of Kumara is doing a good job New Zealand’ - development and promoting kumara to New Zealand The Museums in Dargaville and Environment new businesses (employment and and the world. Matakohe include Dalmatian stories, Kauri dieback is a concern and education) opportunity while the Māori parts are quite small. underground rivers and artesian • Inform, train, workshop with marae The two schools are very important Could expand on these stories from bores in the vicinity of Ruāwai were representatives to allow them to take to the community. There are strong the perspective of Ngāti Whātua. mentioned. control of sharing important information expressions of tikanga Māori and or getting things done with their own kaitiakitanga. Most students are from The wharf could be tied to Kaipara people through their own kawa and the local Ruawai/Raupō area – some Kai. Ruawai has plenty of prime tikanga procedures - for Māori by Māori come from Paparoa, Dargaville, productive land – it could be the • The people of Kaipara District have very Tinopai and Pāhi. food basket for the rest of Aotearoa. strong bonds within the close and wider Help grow horticulture and fishing in community. Concerns and around Ruāwai. The marae, and Māori in general, are always the last to get information, Naumai Marae Naumai Marae - Ruāwai including from district and regional The marae is often used by the councils. schools, and other schools in the district. It holds tikanga classes with KDC has been undertaking mapping Kauri Farms, as well as with the two around Ruawai around the river, but schools. Government agencies have they need to talk to people who live used it for wananga. there, have grown up with stories as it is their original landscape. Want to see papakāinga development at the marae – there Tourism Potential and Economic are issues around whānau living in Growth poverty in the district. Natural resources are important for tourism aspirations – for example the Naumai marae step up to provide Wairoa River and Kaipara Harbour. services, want to emphasise and Tourism development has not taken capitalise on this (for example, there into account historical value. For is currently a free doctor service example, there are Tongariro tracks every month). Could provide a which are Māori governed, and tell stopover destination for tourists. a Māori story. There is potential in Only need training and fostering Ruāwai to tell the stories of the land pre-1840.
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 16 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.3 | Design Principles
Design principles help to guide 1 | Core Māori Values the possible future development of the Kaipara District. The Design • Rāngatiratanga - Self determination • Wairuatanga - Spirituality • Mātauranga - Māori world view principles are organised under three headings, Core Māori Values, • Kaitiakitanga - Guardianship • Kōtahitanga - Unity Te Aranga Design Principles and • Manaakitanga - Hospitality • Whānaungatanga - Kinship Community Design Principles.
2 | Te Aranga Design Principles
Mana Rāngatiratanga Taiao Ahi Kā
Whakapapa Mauri Tū
Tohu Mahi Toi
3 | Community Design Principles
Kaitiakitanga / Guardianship /Stewardship
Engagement Legibility Treasured
Diversity Accessibility Safety
Integration of uses Resilience + adaptation Revitalisation
Connectivity Celebration Feasibility + viability
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 17 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.4 | Core Māori Values
The key objective of Te Aranga with guidance and involvement from Māori Design values and principles Mana Whenua. Te Aranga Design is to enhance the protection, Principles can be implemented in a reinstatement, development and number of Kaipara District projects articulation of Mana Whenua cultural such as new bridges, gateways, cycle landscapes and to enable all of us and walking paths, public squares, (Mana Whenua, matāwaka, tauiwi parks, facilities such as public toilets, and manuhiri) to connect with and to and public buildings such as new deepen our collective appreciation libraries. of ‘sense of place’. The following core Māori values have informed the development of the outcome- oriented Te Aranga Māori Design Principles:
• Rāngatiratanga - self determination • Kaitiakitanga- guardianship • Manaakitanga - hospitality • Wairuatanga - spirituality • Kōtahitanga - unity • Whānaungatanga - kinship • Mātauranga - Māori world view
While Te Aranga Design Principles are well recognised throughout New Zealand, it is important to note that in keeping with the principle of Mana rāngatiratanga, it should not be assumed that Mana Whenua want to use these principles to inform their contribution to the spatial design process. Whether to use this framework or not, should be confirmed as part of the initial engagement with the relevant iwi authorities.
Through engagement and detailed discussion with Mana Whenua, Te Aranga Design Principles have been adopted for this project. A range of opportunities have been identified and as the spatial plan develops these will be prioritised and refined
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 18 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.5 | Te Aranga Design Principles
Mana Rāngatiratanga Whakapapa Tohu Taiao
The status of iwi and hapū as Mana Māori names, Tūpuna, narratives and Mana Whenua sites and cultural The natural environment is protected, Whenua is recognised and respected customary practices are celebrated landmarks are acknowledged, revitalised and/or enhanced to levels and appropriately addressed in the and honoured to enhance the sense managed, protected and enhanced, where Mana Whenua harvesting design environment. of place connections. where appropriate, to reinforce a is possible and native ecosystems sense of place and identity. restored to clean and acceptable Attributes: Attributes: levels. Attributes: • Provides a platform for working • Recognises and celebrates the Attributes: relationships where Mana Whenua significance of Mana Whenua • Acknowledges a Māori world values, world views, tikanga, ancestral names. view of the wider significance of • Sustains and enhances the natural cultural narratives and visual • Recognises ancestral names as tohu / landmarks and their ability environment. identity can be appropriately entry points for exploring and to inform the design of specific • Local flora and fauna which are expressed in the design honouring tūpuna, historical development sites. familiar and significant to Mana environment. narratives and customary • Supports a process whereby Whenua are key natural landscape • High quality treaty based practises associated with significant sites can be identified, elements within urban and / or relationships are fundamental to development sites and their managed, protected and modified areas. the application of the other Te ability to enhance sense of place enhanced. • Natural environments are Aranga principles connections. • Celebrates local and wider unique protected, restored or enhanced cultural heritage and community to levels where sustainable Mana characteristics that reinforce a Whenua harvesting is possible. sense of place and identity.
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 19 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.5 | Te Aranga Design Principles
Mauri Tū Mahi Toi Ahi Kā
Ecology, water and soils are Iwi / hapū narratives are captured Iwi / hapū have a living and recognised and protected. The and expressed creatively and enduring presence that is secure quality of wai, whenua, ngahere and appropriately into the design by iwi and valued within their rohe - this hau takiwā are actively monitored, mandated design / art professionals. can be through customary, cultural and community wellbeing is and commercial dimensions and enhanced. Attributes: delivered through kaitiaki roles.
Attributes: • Ancestral names, local tohu Attributes: and iwi narratives are creatively • The wider development area and reinscribed into the design • Mana Whenua live, work and play all elements and developments environment including landscape; within their own rohe. within the site are considered architecture; interior design and • Acknowledges the post Treaty of on the basis of protecting, public art. Waitangi settlement environment maintaining or enhancing mauri. • Iwi / hapū mandated design where iwi living presences can • The quality of wai, whenua, professionals and artists are include customary, cultural and ngahere and hau takiwā are appropriately engaged in such commercial dimensions. actively monitored. processes. • Living iwi / hapū presence and • Community well-being is associated kaitiaki roles are enhanced. resumed within urban areas
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 20 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.5 | Community Design Principles
Kaitiakitanga / Guardianship / Safety Connectivity Resilience + adaptation Stewardship Kaipara centres provide a safe Connect the Kaipara centres to Kaipara centres are responsive Local residents and community network of paths, facilities and open their landscapes, embracing their to and have strategies in place to groups are encouraged/supported spaces consistent with the Ministry distinctive features. A connected adapt to unforeseen / unexpected to lead community wide initiatives of Justice’s Seven Qualities of Safer network of walkways, cycleways and events including issues relating including but not limited to Spaces: access; good surveillance streets will allow for easy movement to sea level rise, extreme weather community planting groups, citizen and clear sightlines; clear and into and through the towns and the events, changing market conditions, science programmes, cycle safety logical layout; a mix of activity; a surrounding landscape. economic contraction and changes events etc. sense of ownership; high quality in demographic trends. environments; and where necessary, active security measures. Legibility Engagement Celebration Create a network of streets, Work with the public throughout Revitalisation parks and civic spaces that are Places and spaces are provided the development of the Kaipara understandable and contribute to for community and cultural Spatial Planning project process Recognise the importance of Kaipara the visual character and legibility of activation including activities such to ensure the public understands centres heritage, conservation and the townscape. as community events, markets, and the complexity, constraints and landscapes, improving function and cultural and seasonal celebrations. challenges associated with their quality of life for local residents, community and so that their whilst reinforcing the town's Accessibility concerns and aspirations are distinctive sense of place and Treasured consistently understood and community. Create barrier-free environments considered. that enhance social interaction. The stories, unique elements Kaipara centres become accessible and local identity are revealed, Feasibility + viability to as wide a user group as possible, maintained and/or enhanced within Diversity including children, elderly and the design and aesthetics of the The spatial plan provides value people with health conditions or townscape. Work towards developing a healthy, for money outlining a wide impairments. diverse and ‘complete’ community range of realistic development that allows all members to live, work, opportunities and regeneration play and learn within the community projects with multiple pathways for as they choose. implementation.
Integration of uses
Ensure that uses are integrated together (rather than separated) to ensure that complemented uses are co-located and the town centre can become an appealing destination that encompasses the economic and social needs of residents and visitors.
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 21 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.6 | Regional Context
The Kaipara District sits between two The New Zealand Transport Agency is currently large population centres, Whangārei planning a new road alignment between as the largest of Northland’s centres Warkworth and Te Hana which will improve journey time to the Kaipara District from and Auckland, New Zealand's Auckland. Additionally, investigations are being largest city. This map aims to show developed surrounding a new State Highway the significance of Auckland's 1 road alignment that will avoid travelling over economic base and the big and the Brynderwyn Hills. Options presented to date include veering west at Brynderwyn and small projects that will influence the aligning close to Maungatūroto. Both of these Kaipara District over the coming roading projects could have major influence on decades. The upgrades to the North Twin Coast Discovery population growth in Kaipara, especially in the Auckland Rail Line ($94m), addition southern section of the district. of a Marsden Industrial area spur train line and road upgrade and Pou Herenga Tai Trail additional capacity roading upgrades to State Highway 1 will all make the transport connectivity that much SH12 Fibre Upgra e more efficient and attractive. The Tāne-mahuta Whangārei think-big proposal to transfer some Waipoua Forest of Ports of Auckland freight activity Maunganui Blu NorthPort to Northport ís also an exciting Kai - Iwi Lakes proposition for Kaipara businesses Vision for Growth especially those that are export Waoku Coast Roa driven. Hokianga Connection propose Dargaville Baylys Beach Aotea / Great Barrier
Legend Ruāwai Maungatūroto Kaipara District Mangawhai Kaipara District Kaiwaka
Hauturu / Little Barrier Main Trunk Rail Line Wellsford
Poutō Main Highway connections
Metal Poutō Road Warkworth
Cycle Route
Twin Coast Discovery
Twin Coast Discovery Detours
Major Port Auckland
Airport Scale: 1_1200000@A3 Industrial Centre 0 x xxkm
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 22 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.7 | Planning Context
Kaipara District’s situation between National Policy Statements - existing NPS, local authorities for Regional directions Auckland and Whangārei, along national directions urban areas experiencing high with its spanning across both west growth will be required to produce As a regional authority, Northland and east coasts, places it in an National Policy Statements (NPS) Future Development Strategies and Regional Council must amend economically and environmentally are set by the New Zealand central Housing and Business Development its regional policy statement and strong position to grow and support government to provide direction Capacity Assessments. The new regional plans (air, land, water and its communities. In order to promote to local government and decision- Future Development Strategy coastal plan provisions) to deliver the sustainable growth for the Kaipara makers regarding matters of provisions are designed to achieve outcomes prescribed in the various District, consistency with national national significance which align in better spatial planning, including NPS’s. The Northland Regional Policy and regional policy documents meeting the purpose of the RMA. In by identifying locations for future Statement (NRPS) identifies is fundamental. This facilitates an producing this spatial plan, extensive intensification, locations where urban those areas of regional significance appropriate planning framework consideration was given to the development should be avoided, which must be protected - including to strike an appropriate balance outcomes and objectives of the and infrastructure requirements to ecologically significant areas, between growth potential, economic relevant NPS’s, including in particular: adequately service that growth. sensitive riparian margins and development opportunities, and • The New Zealand Coastal Policy Of particular relevance to Kaipara rivers, as well as coastal and rural protection of natural and cultural Statement 2010 District is how the NPS-Urban landscapes. Similarly, the RPS values. Once adopted, the sub- • National Policy Statement for Development also includes measures identifies that Northland suffers regional spatial plan can be Freshwater Management 2014 to support growth in existing urban from poor urban design outcomes. considered when deciding on a (amended 2017) areas by recognising that amenity As such, future development of resource consent application as • National Policy Statement on values can change over time and communities in Kaipara need to providing strategic direction as an Urban Development Capacity enabling a range of dwelling types be enabled through good design. 'other document' under s104 of the 2016 and locations. Furthermore, the NPS- This includes planning for ‘walkable Resource Management Act 1991 Urban Development will sit alongside communities’ and ‘complete (RMA). This is particularly useful in Furthermore, the spatial plan has the proposed NPS on Highly communities’ principles resulting in a transitional period between now, been prepared having regards Productive Land and the proposed the right balance of local services when the spatial plan is confirmed to proposed NPS’s, including in NPS on Indigenous Biodiversity. In versus access to these services and sets out the future direction particular: the context of the wider district, the further afield such as the relationship for these centres, and when the • Proposed National Policy NPS on Highly Productive Land and of the more isolated villages with new planning rules, policies and Statement on Indigenous NPS on Indigenous Biodiversity are the nearest key urban centre - zones are introduced to the new Biodiversity particularly relevant, along with more Dargaville, Maungatūroto, Kaiwaka or Kaipara District Plan. In doing so, the • Proposed National Policy stringent controls on water quality Mangawhai. outcomes identified in this spatial Statement on Urban Development standards expected to come through plan could be enabled concurrently (NPS-Urban Development) in the near future. with the promulgation of the new • Proposed National Policy Kaipara District Plan. Statement for Highly Productive The interaction between the three Land national policy statements will be of interest, in particular the balance The new NPS-Urban Development to be struck between growth is intended to replace the existing potential, economic development National Policy Statement on Urban opportunities for rural production Development Capacity 2016 and economic based districts such as the to broaden its reach. As with the Kaipara, and protection of natural values.
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 23 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.7 | Planning Context
Kaipara - local directions
As a local authority, the Kaipara District Council is legally required to update its own policy documents and district plans to give effect to the NPS. This is achieved through the district plan review and additional by-laws the council deems relevant to fulfill its obligations to the higher Kaipara Design Guide order regional and national policy documents. Further - decision makers on plans, policy statements, resource consents and other matters must consider the NPS as part of Structure Plan their process. Kaipara Spatial Plan District Plan MANGAWHAI SPATIAL URBAN CENTRES AND NEIGHBORHOODS WHOLE OF PLAN REVIEW OR This diagram shows all the inputs PLAN KEY URBAN AREAS - ROLLING REVIEW THROUGH and outputs for this spatial plan DARGAVILLES, MANGATŪROTO PLAN CHANGES Economic Development Strategy including what documents it will & KAIWAKA SUB-REGIONAL influence in the future or function SPATIAL PLAN alongside with.
Long Term Plan Infrastructure Strategy Long Term Plan PRELIMINARY AND 3-YEARLY ANNUAL PLANS
Financial Strategy INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDUNG
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 24 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Function & Services of Kaipara Settlements
This map shows the settlements and villages within the Kaipara District and their relationship with each other and to centres outside the district boundary. The district has large expanses of rural landscape and only a few key urban areas. The pattern of settlement has historically developed around the harbour and along the state highway network. The densest cluster of settlements are around the Kaipara Harbour area of the district, this reflects their accessibility to road, rail and water transport. Growth and development in these southern settlements has also been influenced by their proximity to Auckland and the roading improvements that have or are being made between Auckland, Kaipara and more widely Northland making commuting a more viable option for residents. Currently the fastest growing settlement in Kaipara is Mangawhai located on the east coast.
Legend
Regional Centre
Key Urban Centre
Service Town
Local Village
Rural Hinterland and Coastal Settlement
Rail line
1 State Highway Scale: 1_550 000@A3
0 5 10 20km
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 25 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Function & Services of Settlements
This Sub Regional Spatial Plan These categories are as follows; provides an opportunity to ensure the variety of settlements | Key Urban Centres | Local Villages in the Kaipara District have the facilities, services and resources Towns that service nearly all of the Larger-scale rural and coastal for its residents to have healthy needs of residents and businesses settlements that service some of and affordable lifestyles to keep over large parts of the district, the needs of residents and a few connected locally and nationally including areas outside the local businesses in small parts of the (physically, socially, spiritually, or authority boundary.This is where district, including residents in the virtually) to each other, to work and you find local services such as Rural Hinterland and more remote to enjoy the environment. In order banks, council facilities, medical Coastal Settlements. They are to facilitate this opportunity the services, and the primary place usually located within a reasonable function and purpose of the existing for employment (other than rural driving distance of a key urban settlements needs to be identified activities). centre or a service town, and may and their roles described. or may not have better provision of For Kaipara, these centres infrastructure than Rural and Coastal Depending on what type of are Mangawhai, Dargaville, Settlements such as reticulated settlement, village, town or urban Maungatūroto, and Kaiwaka. wastewater and water infrastructure. centres, the services provided will be The local market, in many instances different and some of these services | Service towns seasonal markets, is a popular and functions will be interconnected destination on the weekends for between settlements, villages and Towns that service most of the residents and visitors. towns that are nearby each other. needs of residents and businesses within medium-sized parts of the | Rural and Coastal Settlements Catagorising towns and villages district. They are usually located according to their function and type in-between the key urban centres Places that service only the basic of services they provide is a useful or in areas where they service cross- needs of residents living in the most tool to understand the role of these regional communities. This is where remote places, people who are communities in a local context and schools and, to a lesser extent than completely isolated, or in very small help to identify elements and areas in the Key Urban Centres, medical groups, these are generally within that may benefit or be equipped to services and wider range of retail driving distance from key urban manage future growth. shops are available to residents centres or service towns. Generally, and the surrounding rural-based there is limited if any offer of public population. These are usually set transport to these settlements. up with full service of infrastructure Therefore, residents rely on private - wastewater, water supply, and or shared vehicles to meet their access to public transport between transportation needs. Like the Local other towns or centres. Service Villages, the population of these Towns usually have a majority of settlements can be more transient ‘usual resident population’, which meaning the usual population helps sustain a community feeling numbers are fairly low in comparison throughout the year. to seasonal population numbers over the holiday periods.
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 26 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT KEY
1.8 | Function & Services of Settlements Yes No Limited TBC
Settlement Hard Infrastructure Soft Infrastructure
Population # Occupied Dwellings Water Reticulation Waste Water Stormwater Reticulation Broadband Mobile Coverage Roads Sealed Footpath StreetLights RailLine Schools (P)rimary (S)econdary Access to Tertiary Education Marae Reserves Playground Sports Facilities Church Businesses Community Centre Public Transport
Key Urban Centres
Dargaville 4,794 1,818 PS 20+
Maungatūroto 1,269 282 PS 10+
Kaiwaka 2,139 213 P 10+
Mangawhai 936 570 P 20+
Service Towns
Paparoa 396 156 P 3+
Ruāwai 432 186 PS 20+
Te Kōpuru 465 192 P 2
Kaihū 183 81 P 2
Local Villages
Matakohe 66 27 P 2
Baylys Beach 279 129 2
Pahi 180 90 1-5
Tinopai 174 78 P 1
Whakapirau 57 24 0
Rural Hinterland & Coastal Settlements
Kellys Bay 66 24 0
Poutō Point 78 30 0
Glinks Gully 72 Unknown 0
Tangiteroria 141 69 P 2
Tangowahine 129 54 P 0
Hakaru Unknown Unknown 0
Maunganui Bluff Unknown Unknown 0
Omamari Unknown Unknown 0
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 27 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Transport
This map shows the various transport options available and their locations within Kaipara. Although some of the infrastructure may not currently be in use, Kaipara is fortunate to have some solid foundations supporting movement through the district.
Legend
Centre
Settlement
Rail line
1 State Highway
Train stop
Boat ramp
Wharf
Beach Access
Existing Biking & Cycling Trail
Twin Coast Cycle Trail Kauri Coast Cycleway Kaipara Harbour Missing Link Te Araroa Trail
Aspirational Regional Cycle Trail Framework
1 Key District Projets
Drive Time to Kaipara Centre
< 15 min
15 - 30 min
30 - 45 min
60 - 90 min Scale: 1_550 000@A3
0 5 10 20km
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 28 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Transport
Legend
Drive Time to Albany Drive Time to Whāngarei
45 - 60 min 15 - 30 min
60 - 90 min 30 - 45 min
90 - 120 min 45 - 60 min
> 120 min 60 - 90 min
90 - 120 min
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 29 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Transport
There are three main state highways on the beach. This is a matter to industries. In the absence of roads, be expanded upon. that feed into and through the be considered further as Kaipara the harbour was an important district which provide good vehicle residents balance recreational, transport link for marae, and There are also a number of existing connections between Kaipara commuting, and business needs subsequently for European settlers and proposed regional walking and and the main regional centres of with environmental enhancement who arrived throughout the 19th cycling routes that meander through Whangārei and Auckland. aspirations for the district. century for the kauri timber trade. and around Kaipara. Until the early 20th century, the State Highway 1 links Kaipara to Historically, Kaipara was well harbour was populated with sailing Auckland and will have a huge connected through rail infrastructure; ships carrying timber and steamers influence on the accessibility of the although mainly used for freight carrying passengers around the area once the proposed alignment purposes, these rail lines linked district. Prominent coastal milling improvements are completed over Auckland to Northland via the settlements which emerged include the coming years. State Highways Kaipara. It was recently announced Tinopai, Matakohe, Pahi, Paparoa 12 and 14 provide a loop network that government investment into and Whakapirau. Recreational water through the district that is used the North Auckland Line is planned, transport provides an enjoyable for the movement of freight, local which will provide some interesting and efficient travel mode between commuters, and tourism. opportunities for the Kaipara settlements. For example, a trip via District. Other branch lines such water would take 5 minutes between SH12 is part of the Twin Coast as the Dargaville (closed in 2014) Pahi and Whakapirau, where it would Discovery Route (TCDR) and is the and Donnellys Crossing (closed in take 30 minutes over 23km via road. only western route into Northland. It 1959) are in managed decline. The Nevertheless, there is little impetus passes through areas of rich cultural Dargaville branch line is currently for establishing a water-based public history and naturally beautiful used as a rail cart tourist attraction. transport system; these communities landscapes. Work is currently The heavy rail line extends from tend to be quite small, with small underway to discover ways that the Whangārei to Tangowahine, and usual resident populations - TCDR can attract more visitors to there may be plans to invest in that moreover, those larger communities, experience Kaipara and Northlands infrastructure to establish a forestry such as Matakohe or Ruawai, are west coast. related rail freight route between well-serviced by road connections these two areas. anyway. SH14 crosses the district and provides a strong commercial link The Kaipara Harbour and Wairoa The geography of Kaipara means between Dargaville and Whangārei River have provided Kaipara the that travel by road can often be and Marsden Point port. unique opportunity to move through quite long between some of the the southern part of the district via district’s more remote settlements. Vehicle / motorbike / bicycle boat. Although this form of transport However, the majority of the movement is also possible along was more utilised historically, district still has relatively low drive the extensive west coast beach of there is potential to strengthen or times to at least one major centre Ripiro, between Maunganui Bluff reintroduce wharves in some harbour (Dargaville, Maungaturoto, Kaiwaka in the north travelling south to the and river locations (Kaipara Water or Mangawhai). mouth of the Kaipara Harbour at Transport Feasibility Study). Poutō Peninsula. There are four main The Kaipara Harbour offers vehicle access points along the coast. Kaipara was once populated by opportunities for fishing, including Throughout the spatial planning many wharves and jetties around for guided fishing experiences. engagement process, we have heard its coastal settlements, which were Currently, there are few fishing from various communities who wish the foundation for Kaipara’s early charters - these opportunities could to restrict or prohibit vehicle access
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 30 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Cultural Landscape of Kaipara
This map shows the marae that represent the families, sub-tribes and tribes of the Kaipara. From Waipoua to Poutō along the west coast, crossing the Kaipara Harbour to Oruawharo. From Oruawharo to Mangawhai on the east coast. From Mangawhai to Tangiteroria and back to Waipoua. They form the boundary walls of the Kaipara District Council. It also includes maunga, landscapes, portage routes and places that are significant to local Mana Whenua and other residents of Kaipara.
We note that this is not an exhaustive representation of cultural matters in the Kaipara.
Legend
Marae
Maunga
Trees / Forest of Significance
Waka Landing
Portage
Maori Land Parcels
Scale: 1_550 000@A3
0 5 10 20km
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 31 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Cultural Landscape of Kaipara
THERE ARE 24 MARAE WITHIN THE KAIPARA DISTRICT.
| Part 2 - North Kaipara | Part 3 & 4 - Central Kaipara, West | Part 5 - Kaipara Harbour + East Coast +Poutō Peninsula Coast Pananawe Marae Te Roroa Te Houhanga O Rongo Marae Te Pounga Marae Matatina Marae Te Roroa; Te Kuihi; Te Runanga o Te Uri o Hau Te Roroa Ngāti Whātua Oruawharo Marae Waikara Marae Ōtūrei Marae Te Uri o Hau Te Roroa Te Uri o Hau Otamatea Marae Waikaraka Marae Kāpehu Marae Te Uri o Hau Te Roroa Ngāti Kahu Waiotea Marae Tama Te Ua Ua Marae Waikāretu Marae Te Uri o Hau Te Runanga o Ngāti Whātua Te Uri o Hau Ngatai Whakarongorua Marae Ahikiwi Marae Rīpia Marae Te Uri o Hau Te Runanga o Ngāti Whātua Te Uri o Hau Te Kowhai Marae Taita Marae Naumai Marae Te Uri o Hau Te Runanga o Ngāti Whātua Te Uri o Hau Rawhitiroa Marae Tirarau Marae Parirau Marae Te Uri o Hau Ngāuhi; Te Runanga o Ngāti Whātua Te Uri o Hau Waihaua Marae The following marae is not shown on Te Uri o Hau the map
Waiohou Marae Te Uri o Hau
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 32 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Rural Land Use
Legend
Rural Land Use
Land Use Capability 1, 2 &3
Land Use Capability 4, 5 &6
Land Use Capability 7 & 8
Significant Natural Area
Outstanding Natural Landscape
Outstanding Natural Features
Kaipara District Border
LUC North Kaipara Agricultural Delta • 1_Highly suitable for cultivated cropping, vineyards and berry fields, pasture, tree crops or production forestry with minimal physical limitations for arable use. (None in the Kaipara District Area) • 2_Suitable for many cultivated cropping, vineyards and berry fields, pasture, tree crops or production forestry with slight physical limitations for arable use. • 3_Suitable for cultivated cropping, vineyards and berry fields, pasture, tree crops or production forestry with moderate physical limitations to arable use. Forestry and pastoral farming activities in the district • 4_Suitable for pasture, tree crops, production forestry or for occasional cropping with severe physical limitations to arable use. • 5_Unsuitable for arable cropping but only negligible to slight limitations to pasture, vineyards, tree crop or production ferestry use. • 6_Suitable for pasture, tree crops or forestry and in some case vineyard, bu unsuitable for arable use. Secondary Ecological Network • 7_Suitable for pastoral grazing, tree crop or production forestry use and some cases vineyards and berry fields. Primary Ecological Network • 8_Land unsuitable for grazing or production forestry, and is best managed for catchment protection and/ or conservation or biodiversity
Scale: 1_550 000@A3
0 5 10 20km
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 33 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Ecological Network
Legend
Land Use Capability 1, 2 & 3
Significant Natural Area
Primary Potential Ecological Network
Secondary Potential Ecological Network
Kaipara District Border
Source; LINZ, Māori Land Online, NRC Gis, Northland Regional Council, MFE, IRIS, MFE Landcare Research
The Primary Ecological Notwork set is based on following Layers
SLOPE CLASS • E_ Moderately steep, 21-25° • F_ Steep, 26–35° • G_ Very steep, >35°
RAPARIAN ZONE • 20 Meter offset from river • 10 Meter offset from river
COASTAL FLOOD HAZARD • Current flood level • 50 years flood level • 1-00 years flood level
LUC • 8_Land unsuitable for grazing or production forestry, and is best managed for catchment protection and/ or conservation or biodiversity
The Secondary Ecological Notwork set is based on following Layers
RAPARIAN ZONE • 50 Meter offset from coast and water bodies
LUC • 7_Suitable for pastoral grazing, tree crop or production forestry use and some cases vineyards and berry fields.
Scale: 1_550 000@A3
0 5 10 20km
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 34 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Ecological Network
Identifying, promoting and The network would be composed preserving a strategically planned of indigenous and exotic species green infrastructure network can and incorporate the key landscape provide ecological, economic and processes and characteristics social benefits. It has also become including wetlands and waterways, a priority for the planning and flood plains, erosion prone slopes, decision-making processes in sectors existing areas of indigenous such as conservation, (land) resource ecosystems and areas of land with a efficiency, agriculture, forestry or land use capability rating of 7 and 8. urban development.
The land use capability (LUC) classification is a system of arranging different kinds of land according to its capacity to support long-term sustained production after taking into account the physical limitations of the land.
Lower number classes are generally suitable for a larger range of land uses, such as cropping and horticulture, as well as pastoral or forestry. The higher the number, the more limitation there is to use. Class 8 land is generally unsuitable for production, while classes 6 and 7 are generally suitable (to a greater or lesser degree) for pastoral or forestry uses.
An ecological / green infrastructure network that protects and maintains existing healthy ecosystems and restores historic environmental degradation in order to secure the long term viability of Kaipara District indegenious ecosystems, ecological function and a healthy natural environment are maintained in perpetuity. A regenerative ecological /green infrastructure network will require approximately 20% of the land area of the district.
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 35 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Land Environments of Kaipara
Legend
D1 - once extensive Kahikatea forests
A5 - Once extensive Kahikatea forests
A6 - Species of Kauri
A7 - Young stages vegetation
G1 - Pine forest and improved pastures
Scale: 1_550 000@A3
Source; LINZ, Maori Land Online, NRC Gis 0 5 10 20km
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 36 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Land Environments of Kaipara
| Kaipara District is composed of creating a property design for a rolling hills down and gently sloping including mangeao, taraire and five Land Environments: regenerative landscape. land at low to mid-elevation. the strictly coastal whau, houpara, parapara, tawapou and karo. Land Environments of New Zealand The classifications found in Kaipara Both A6 and A7 have warm (LENZ) is an environmental consist of_ temperatures, very high solar Much of Environment A7 is in young classification developed by the radiation, low annual water deficits. stages of vegetation development, Ministry for the Environment • Environment A - consisting of Minimum winter temperatures are including still active dunes where and Landcare Research. The extensive lowlands generally also high, with frosts occurring only native pingao and spinifex have classification identifies climatic and found in the northern North infrequently. Although annual water been largely displaced by marram, land factors and processes and Island. deficits are low, the low monthly and lapilli and lava that are initially groups them together to identify • Environment D - encompasses water balance ratio makes this colonised Pōhutukawa, eventually landscapes that have similar hill country of low to moderate environment susceptible to drought joined by mangeao, mahoe, puriri environmental conditions. In doing elevation in the central and in years with lower than average and titoki. On the more mature soils, so the classification identifies areas northern regions of the North rainfall. forests graded from totara and matai with similar potential ecosystem Island. dominance on well-drained sites to and landscape character that • Environment G - consists of Landforms are generally flat to kahikatea on low ground. can be used to underpin a range recent soils in the lowlands of gently rolling, with parent materials of conservation and resource the northern two-thirds of the that include deeply weathered Environment D1 consists of hills in management issues, including North Island and is dominated by sandstone and greywacke, older Northland. A warm climate, with high factors that constraint human land two contrasting landforms. The volcanic tephra, alluvium from annual and winter solar radiation, uses such as agriculture, horticulture, first consists of narrow alluvial various sources, peat and older low monthly water balance ratios and forestry. floodplains along rivers and larger basaltic rocks. Sandstone is the most and slight annual rainfall deficits. streams and the second includes widespread soil parent material However, year-to- year variation A Landscape Management Zone coastal sand dunes that are most closely followed by greywacke – both rainfall results in occasional dry (LMZ) is an area of a site or extensive along the west coast of are deeply weathered. years. The landform is hilly with landscape with similar natural the northern North Island. moderate to steep slopes. Soil processes and common features Area A6 has imperfectly drained soils parent materials are variable, with and characteristics such as Environment A5 is widespread, of very low fertility from sandstone, older volcanic rocks and greywacke climate, landform, soils, water and consisting of flat sites at low mudstone and some greywacke. widespread in the north, including vegetation. Because each LMZ has elevation. It once supported Area A7 has well-drained soils of on the Coromandel Peninsula while its own characteristics, it has its extensive Kahikatea forests. On wet high fertility from basalt. mixtures of greywacke and Tertiary own constraints and opportunities ground, pukatea was also common, rocks. Soils are generally which lend themselves to different swamp maire was a characteristic In Environment A6, Kauri and its moderately drained and of low to approaches to design, management smaller tree and kiekie, suppejack associated species grew on infertile moderate natural fertility. and maintenance. Organising a and gahnia xanthocarpa formed soils on hill crests and upper slopes. site and clustering functions into impenetrable understoreys. On drier Mid slopes supported rimu, miro, Environment D1 includes most of LMZ’s that reflect the underlying ground matai was co-dominant, and totara, northern rata, tawa taraire, the remaining Kauri stands. Other environmental patterns, helps to small-leaved trees and shrubs such kohekohe common species include rimu, organise a site into areas requiring as milk tree, rohutu and, near Kaitaia, and nikau. These graded to mountain totara, tawa, taraire, similar types and amounts of the rare Pittosporum obcordatum dominance by kahikatea, matai, towai, quintinia, tawari, toro, management and maintenance. were in lower storeys. puriri, and pukatea on deeper melicytus macrophyllus, alseuosmia Observing a site and synthesizing soils on the lower valley floors. macrophylla, dracophyllum the observations and insights with Environment A6 and A7 have the Pōhutukawa establishing on steep latifolium, brachyglottis kirkii, the requirements of the brief to highest mean elevations of the coastal slopes eventually formed nikau, lianes including the ferns establish LMZ is the first step in environments in A, consisting of an overstorey to smaller trees lygodium articulatum and
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 37 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Land Environments of Kaipara blechnum filiforme, and epiphytes including collospermum hastatum, pittosporum cornifolium and puka. Tanekaha and, locally, hard beech grow on ridges, and silver pine occur in wet depressions. On lower slopes and clay uplands Kauri is sparse, with higher fertility being indicated by trees such as kohekohe, puriri, pukatea and kahikatea.
Environment G1 consists of coastal sand dunes with a warm climate with very high annual and winter solar radiation. Average water deficits are low and vapour pressure deficits are moderate, but the low monthly water balance ratio results in droughts in years with below-average rainfall, particularly in the east. The terrain is generally flat to gently sloping. Soils are typically well drained but of low to moderate fertility.
Within G1 some mobile dunes still have a patchy cover of spinifex, pingao and other native sand plants, while on others marram has become dominant. On stable sand behind the active dunes, native tauhinu, northern toetoe, muehlenbeckia complexa and bracken compete with introduced kikuyu, buffalo and pampas grasses, blackberry and other introduced plants. Today pine forest and improved pastures have been established on most of this landscape.
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 38 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Economic Context
In comparison with nearby districts periods, access to open water is are from foreign visitors (pre- (Whangarei, Northland), or indeed, inhibited due to the prominence of COVID-19). However, the increase with the country at large, Kaipara’s mudflats and mangroves. in New Zealand visitor numbers has economy is missing out, its not translated into higher holiday/ potential constrained by geographic Furthermore, sea conditions can vacation numbers in Kaipara. While isolation and underinvestment. To become hazardous in deeper waters. Northland as a whole has seen an demonstrate, Kaipara accounted This combination of factors may overall increase in local area visits of for almost 10% of Northland’s explain the limited tourism ventures 21%, Kaipara has declined 7% over GDP in 2018 - Whangarei District which make use of the harbour. the last five years. Overall visitor contributed 61%, and the Far North Currently, there are only a handful growth in New Zealand is therefore District contributed the remaining of fishing charter operations, and not being reflected in visits to 29%. few commercial cruise services as Kaipara. well. Generally speaking, activities There has been some employment relating to yachting and kayaking growth in Kaipara, focused mainly are uncommon, given the exposed within its urbanised areas, with tidal mudflats and strong tidal pockets of growth in rural areas. flows. There is potential to facilitate Rural growth is associated with small kayak or boat trips between shifts in agricultural activity and Kaipara’s coastal/harbourside development of new land-based settlements along with onshore farming activity. experiences (e.g. historic sites, The catchments with the biggest marae and other attractions such as change were: Matakohe’s Kauri Museum). • Kaipara Coastal -170, • Ruawai-Matakohe -130, The Kaipara Missing Link is a section • Mangawhai Rural 360, of the New Zealand Cycle Trail, Figure 1 • Dargaville 390, and which travels south from Dargaville • Mangawhai 390. through the Pouto peninsula, where a boat ferries cyclists from Pouto Tourism is an untapped opportunity Point to Parakai. Cycling presents a for Kaipara. While there has been growth area - more route initiatives growth in the tourism industry, there are currently being developed, while is still plenty of room to grow. Many more are also anticipated around the of Kaipara’s coastal settlements district. have basic wharf, jetty and boat launching facilities which provide Overseas visitation also presents primary recreational access points to an opportunity for Kaipara. Figure the harbour. However, a prominent 1 below shows the consistent constraint for these facilities are the increase in visitor arrivals to New nature of the harbour itself - the Zealand over the past few years. relatively shallow depth of most of These figures are important when the harbour, as well as its strong considering that Auckland Airport tidal flows present the key physical is New Zealand’s main tourism entry constraints for recreational activity point. For example, 60% of the Kauri upon the harbour. During lower tidal Museum’s clientele in Matakohe
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 39 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Economic Context
Figure 2 below shows that capture of a better recognised industry in potential for tourism in western the foreign market has been largely Kaipara, including: Kaipara relates to its areas with unsuccessful, while showing that • Significant domestic and strong experiential opportunities. the domestic market is an important international population This includes the harbour, the contributer to tourism in Kaipara. catchments within 1 - 4 hours’ landscape, culture, history and drive people. The overall approach • There already significant visitor could be labelled “slow tourism” or • Of all overnight visitors to numbers to Northland, though “integrated community tourism”, Northland, only 16% included only 10% include visits to Kaipara based on guided experiences or overnight visits to Kaipara District. • Many existing and potential self-guided routes throughout the This was only 8% for International visitors to Northland and Kaipara district. These routes could be overnight visitors (17% for have potential activity interests facilitated by local operators, while Domestic). So International which are compatible with what enabling an offering of services visitors were considerably less can be offered in Kaipara e.g. along the way, such as bike shops, likely to visit Kaipara, as is also scenic boat trips/journeys, fishing, cafes, guides and accommodation reflected below. marine wildlife encounters/ providers. To this end, wharf • Of all overnight visitors to Kaipara observation, Maori cultural infrastructure can unlock areas only 9% were International (and experiences, cycling, etc.). while attracting niche interests and 91% Domestic). • Kaipara has features which could activities. • Of all overnight visitors to provide the basis for tourism Northland 17% were International ventures which incorporate the (and 83% Domestic). local physical, historic and social settings, including: The limited range of tourism • Customised harbour/setting- opportunities in Kaipara is driven appropriate marine activities by a combination of the following • Kauri heritage e.g. natural, Figure 2 factors: cultural, extraction, art • The physical setting of the • Settlement heritage and harbour, which is large and cultures shallow, with turbulent tide • Historic and contemporary patterns. It also has large tidal Maori cultural heritage arms and tributaries • It is also noted that given the • Surrounding terrestrial landscapes small scale of the local population and land uses are dominated by and economy, relatively small rural primary production improvements in the tourism • Many small settlements are industry can result in locally located away from main regional significant gains transport routes • Relatively low socioeconomic Data indicates (pre-COVID-19 conditions and business pandemic) that Kaipara is best development (both generally and suited for domestic tourism, along tourism-specific) with niche international visitor • Notwithstanding, there are still opportunities. However, the western opportunities which can be Kaipara is unlikely to become a capitalised on if tourism becomes visitor hub of any form. The greatest
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 40 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.8 | Social and Cultural Context
In Kaipara, the over-65 cohort is in Kaipara. This is only slightly to Kaipara. Given the size of this the fastest growing out of other higher than growth anticipated potential market, capturing even a age cohorts, comprising 23% of in Mangawhai exclusively (1,100), small proportion of the population Kaipara’s population (compared to indicating the concentration of for visits can result in significant 20% for the rest of Northland). This growth towards the east in Kaipara. benefits for the district. is expected to increase to 38% of the population by 2043. This is expected Many of Kaipara’s rural settlements to correspond with a decrease in the are popular retirement destinations, labour force. such as Paparoa, Kellys Bay and Ruāwai. There has been observed a spatial reorientation of activity in the past Table 1 below shows that the local 15 years, resulting in movement from Kaipara population is quite small, but Kaipara’s rural areas to its urban it is increasing. areas (i.e. Dargaville).
It is anticipated that the rural areas Around 18% of Aucklanders, or of Kaipara will see growth, with the 200,000 people are estimated to be population expected to increase engaged in fishing. This presents a by 1,400 over the next 25 years, possibility of converting Auckland’s accounting for 56% of growth growing population into local visits
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 41 KAIPARA SUB-REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN_DRAFT 1.9 | Kaipara Communities
This map displays how the district has been divided into four community districts. The divisions have been made based on the relative location of the villages and settlements to each other and also their relationship to adjacent key urban areas or landscape features. Each area is presented at a scale where the villages, settlements and landscapes that have been involved in this spatial plan are discernable and the research undertaken simply navigated.
Legend
Centre
Kaipara District Border
Main Trunk Rail Line
Main Highway connections
Scale: 1_550 000@A3
0 5 10 20km
Resilio Studio | AR + Associates Limited | May 2020 42 Part 2 | North Kaipara