DOCSLIB.ORG

Development and Application of Full Genome Sequencing to Support Epidemiological Investigations During FMD Outbreaks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development and Application of Full Genome Sequencing to Support Epidemiological Investigations During FMD Outbreaks © Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com 500 km 300 mi O/BUL/1/2010 (Burgas 30/12/2010) O/TUR/926/2010* (Bursa 26/07/2010) Bulgaria O/TUR/1086/2010* (Antalya 16/08/2010) O/TUR/840/2010* (Agri 15/07/2010) Gümüşhane O/TUR/1094/2010* (Giresun 11/08/2010) Kastamonu O/TUR/868/2010* (Eskisehir 20/07/2010) O/TUR/1003/2010* (Sivas 10/08/2010) Bursa Eskişehir Sivas Ağrı O/TUR/18/2010 (Gumushane 09/07/2010) Turkey O/TUR/883/2010* (Kastamonu 23/07/2010) Antalya Iran O/TUR/35/2010 (Erzincan 13/08/2010) O/TUR/153/2010* (Gaziantep) O/TUR/154/2010* (Gaziantep) O/IRN/94/2010 (West Azerbaijan 15/04/2010) O/IRN/92/2010 (West Azerbaijan 14/04/2010) 100 O/AFG/59/2010 (Samangan 14/05/2010) 97 O/PAK/36/2010 (Gilgit-Baltistan 29/07/2010) O/TUR/36/2010 (Kocaeli 13/08/2010) O/UKG/12/2001 (AJ311724) O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AJ251477) 0.01 Development and application of full genome sequencing to support epidemiological investigations during FMD outbreaks Begoña Valdazo-Gonzalez, Nick J. Knowles, Donald P. King Molecular Characterisation and Diagnostics Group FMD programme Institute for Animal Health GU24 0NF Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey UNITED KINGDOM Summary and Conclusion Aim • To develop FG sequencing protocols for FMDV • To apply FG sequencing data to discover the transmission pathways of FMDV in 2011 Bulgarian outbreak M&M • 7 epithelium from Bulgaria,5 from Middle East • Full genome sequencing based on 21 overlapping fragments • Statistical parsimony methods (TCS) Preliminary results • Same ancestor for FMDVs collected from: • Kosti; • Rezovo; • Cluster of outbreaks in April • Closer sequenced FMDV: • Wild boar near Kosti, 4nt changes (minimun) • Bursa, Turkey, 26/07/10, 31 nt changes (minimum) Discussion and conclusions • Independent spread in Bulgarian livestock and wildlife from single introduction (from Turkey, most likely) • Cluster of outbreaks in April are related • Existence of intermediary hosts (wild boar most likely) • Careful interpretation of VP1 results FMDV: VP1 molecular characterization * putative functions Membrane-binding Genome-linked 5’UTR Carboxy-terminal (VPg) 3’UTR 2x VP2 Protease VP3 Capsid self-cleaving NTP binding* Protease Polymerase 5x VP1 5x VPG VP1 L 1A 1B 1C 1D 2B 2C 3A 3B 3C 3D VP4 VP2 VP3 VP1 2A VP2 VP3 VP1 AAA (n) 3x VP1 VP3 VP2 Poly(C) VP2 2x VP2 VP3 VP3 2x Primary cleavages L 2A 3C VP3 VP2 VP1 VP1 Secondary cleavages 1B/RNA? 3C 3C 3C 3C 3C 3C 5x Kilobases 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 VP1 region 640 nt • FMDV is a rapidly evolving RNA virus • VP1 phylogenetic analysis widely used for broad scale FMDV strain characterisation • Useful for regional and country-level epidemiology (transboundary movements) © Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com 500 km 300 mi © Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com 500 km 300 mi O/BUL/1/2010 (Burgas 30/12/2010) O/TUR/926/2010* (Bursa 26/07/2010) Bulgaria O/TUR/1086/2010* (Antalya 16/08/2010) O/TUR/840/2010* (Agri 15/07/2010) Gümüşhane O/TUR/1094/2010* (Giresun 11/08/2010) Kastamonu O/TUR/868/2010* (Eskisehir 20/07/2010) O/TUR/1003/2010* (Sivas 10/08/2010) Bursa Eskişehir Sivas Ağrı O/TUR/18/2010 (Gumushane 09/07/2010) Turkey O/TUR/883/2010* (Kastamonu 23/07/2010) Antalya Iran O/TUR/35/2010 (Erzincan 13/08/2010) O/TUR/153/2010* (Gaziantep) O/TUR/154/2010* (Gaziantep) O/IRN/94/2010 (West Azerbaijan 15/04/2010) Bulgaria 2011 outbreak: O/IRN/92/2010 (West Azerbaijan 14/04/2010) 100 O/AFG/59/2010 (Samangan 14/05/2010) 97 O/PAK/36/2010 (Gilgit-Baltistan 29/07/2010) O/TUR/36/2010 (Kocaeli 13/08/2010) O/UKG/12/2001 (AJ311724) O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AJ251477) 0.01 VP1 molecular characterization Bulgaria Kastamonu Gümüşhane Bursa Eskişehir Sivas Ağrı Turkey Iran Antalya • FMD viruses from Bulgaria characterized as belonging to ME-SA/PanAsia-2ANT-10 lineage • Closely related PanAsia-2 viruses have been recovered from the Middle East during 2010 • VP1 sequences cannot discrimminate between closely related FMDV field strains Use of complete genome sequences for high- resolution tracing: • Uncertainty about precise source of infection for the majority of IPs during field outbreaks since FMDV is a rapidly evolving virus: • Nucleotide changes accrue linearly with time and are inherited • Can we use full genome sequence data to trace the spread of FMDV during an outbreak? Background: 2007 UK outbreak IAH2 IP6b AY593815 IP1b(2) IP3c MAH IAH1 IP1b(1) IP3b IP8 IP4b IP2b IP7 Sampled virus IP2c IP5 Putative ancestor virus IP5 • Detected by sero-surveillance M4 Nt change • After IP3 and IP4 Aa change • Seropositive cattle and sheep WINDSOR HEATHROW His to Arg • No acute clinical signs Asp to Gly • Evidence of healed lesions 8 8 6 6 EGHAM 3b3b nd 3c • 2 phase of outbreaks (IP3 – IP8) 7 7 4 4 3c X 5 5 X shares all the unique changes X X common to 1st phase M3 Therefore outbreaks are linked WOKING X M25 X and not due to independent Pirbright 2b 2b sources 1b1b X 2c GUILDFORD • IP5 (farm with FMD serology ALDERSHOT 10 km positive cattle and sheep) bridges gap GODALMING between two phases of the outbreak X 1c KEY FMD confirmed Preclinical (lab only) X No evidence of infection Goals of complete genome sequence analysis [1] to identify the most likely source of the FMD outbreaks in Bulgaria [2] reconstruct the relationship between outbreaks within Bulgaria (build a transmission tree) [3] assess whether there are gaps in the sampling of disease outbreaks (evidence for undisclosed infection) Full genome sequencing: material & methods Original clinical sample One operator: 48 hours • Epithelium Two operators: 24 hours - suspension BULGARIA – One per herd, higher CT value RNA extraction Wild boar – BUL1/2011 • RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN) Starting point: Firat-Saraç, M. SAP, Turkey FAO/EuFMD (Project PR41764) 12LP1 – Kosti DTU Veterinary. National 12LPN3 – Rezovo Veterinary Institute Reverse Transcription BUL11/11 - Kirovo • Oligo-dT primer (Rev 6) (Ryan et al. 2008) BUL20/2011 – Golyamo Bukovo Negative controls~700b BUL26/2011 -Granichar cDNA clean up BUL30/2011 – Fakia ~700b PCR MIDDLE EAST – VP1 5UTR+P1 NSP+PoliA Backup ISR2/2011 cc DNA clean up 4 epithelium from Turkey Improved protocol Cycle sequencing reaction Ethanol Precipitation Negative controls ABI PRISM 3730 DNA Analyzer ~700b Data analysis:Statistical parsimony methods (TCS) 2-4 coverage /site 5UTR+P1 NSP+PoliA Backup Origins of the outbreaks in Bulgaria: Preliminary results: 7087 nt (most L-fragment ) ISR/02/2011 TUR/926/2010 2/2011 (Bursa) 26/07/10 10 nt changes 57 nt changes 30/12/2010 21 nt changes BUL/1/2010 (wild boar) 3 nt changes 21 nt changes 9 nt changes 12 nt changes 41 nt changes TUR/18/2010 (Gümüşhane) TUR/840/2010 09/07/2010 (Agri) TUR/36/2010 15/07/10 (Kocaeli) 13/08/2010 Putative common ancestor of the Turkish and Israeli viruses Putative common ancestor of Bulgarian viruses Relationship between Bulgarian field strains: TCS analysis - FG (First phase/wave) Kosti village 11 nt changes 12LPN1 (IP 1) 4 nt changes TUR/18/2010 BUL/1/2010 35 nt changes (Gümüşhane) (wild boar) 09/07/2010 30/12/2010 12LPN3 (IP 4) 14 nt changes Rezovo village putative common ancestor of the Bulgarian viruses All nucleotide substitutions are unique includes data from DTU, Lindholm Interpretation of data from first wave/phase • The FMD outbreaks in Kosti and Rezovo villages are unlikely to be directly linked. • Both have a common ancestor close to the virus from wild boar. • The long branches between the putative common ancestor and each of the two outbreaks examined (IP1 and IP4) suggest possible intermediate hosts (either wildlife or domesticated animals). Full genome sequencing: TCS analysis Preliminary results (26/4/11): 7087 nt (most L-fragment ) 30/12/2010 “TREE-LIKE” ≠ Linear pattern (UK2007) BUL/1/2010 02/2011 Wild boar 8 nt changes 12LPN1 Kosti 4 nt changes 02/2011 14 nt changes 12LPN3 Rezovo 6 nt changes BUL/11/11 Kirovo changes (Bursa) 19/03/2011 26/07/2010 4 nt changes 31 nt 31 TUR/926/2010 28/03/2011 13 nt changes BUL/26/11 Granichar 28/03/2011 11 nt changes BUL/20/11 BUL/30/11 Golyamo Fakia Bukovo 01/04/2011 Putative common ancestor of Bulgarian wild board and first phase of the outbreaks Putative common ancestor of the second phase of the Bulgarian outbreaks Full genome sequencing: TCS analisys Preliminary results: 7087 nt (most L-fragment ) Secon Phase/wave March -April Goliamo Black Sea Bukovo Fakia Granichar Kirovo Kosti Wild boar First phase/wave January/February Rezovo Turkey Future work • Keep sequencing Gaps TUR8/2011 Momina Tsarkva • Link genetic and epidemiological data • Further analysis: Comparison with previous studies: 2001 and 2007 UK outbreaks Molecular clock: BEAST Acknowledgements Institute for Animal Health Diagnosis of Vesicular disease group:Nigel Ferris and Geoff Hutchings Molecular diagnostic and diagnostic group:Jemma Wadsworth, Miki Madi and Valerie Mioulet SAP Foot-and-Mouth Disease Institute, Ulus, Ankara, TURKEY Müge Firat-Saraç, Ünal Parlak and Fuat Ozyoruk National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute Lilyana Polyhronova and Georgi Kirilov Georgiev National Veterinary Institute (DTU) Graham Belsham Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/European Commission for the Control of Foot-and- Mouth Disease (Project PR41764) Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (SE2938) Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Item 11 REPORT OF THE SESSION OF THE RESEARCH GROUP OF THE STANDING TECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE (EUFMD) HELD AT Vienna (Austria) 29 September-1 OCTOBER 2010 (OPEN SESSION) 1 OCTOBER 2010 (CLOSED SESSION) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME, 2010 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • G/SPS/GEN/1072 17 March 2011 ORGANIZATION (11-1356) Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Original: English
    WORLD TRADE G/SPS/GEN/1072 17 March 2011 ORGANIZATION (11-1356) Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Original: English FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE SITUATION IN BULGARIA Communication from the European Union The following communication, received on 15 March 2011, is being circulated at the request of the delegation of the European Union. _______________ I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1. On Wednesday 5 January 2011, the Bulgarian authorities confirmed a case of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in one of three wild boars shot on 30 December 2010 in the municipality of Malko Tarnovo, Burgas region, around 2 km from the border with Turkey. 2. Bulgaria has implemented the measures in the framework of Council Directive 2003/85/EC of 29 September 2003 on EU measures for the control of foot-and-mouth disease. The measures provided for in the Directive include epidemiological investigation, suspension of hunting and a ban in feeding wild animals, placing under official surveillance holdings keeping animals of susceptible species, inspection by an official veterinarian of all wild animals shot or found dead, surveillance programmes and prevention measures applicable to the holdings keeping animals of susceptible species and if necessary, in its surroundings, including the transport and movement of animals of susceptible species within, from and to the area, etc. 3. The Bulgarian authorities established a protection zone of 3 km and a surveillance zone of 10 km radius around Kosti and launched a sero-epidemiological surveillance programme within the surveillance zone and in all villages and settlements in the municipalities of Sredets, Malko Tarnovo and Tsarevo. 4.
    [Show full text]
  • FOOT and MOUTH DISEASE (FMD) BULGARIA 2011 Outbreak
    No. 39 FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE (FMD) BULGARIA 2011 outbreak CHRONOLOGY OF MAIN EVENTS AND LIST OF DECISIONS ADOPTED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION Response to the outbreak in Bulgaria Situation as at 9 November 2011 EUROPEAN COMMISSION DG Health and Consumers Unit G2: Animal Health 1/27 No. 39 This document summarises the basic information relating to the outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Bulgaria and related Union action. This focuses on the animal health aspects. A list of abbreviations can be found below. For additional information, please refer to the Decisions in the Official Journal, to the Commission’s foot and mouth disease webpage, including associated press releases. Several presentations mentioned in this chronology can be found there as well. All Commission Decisions (CDs) can be accessed via the EUR-Lex webpages. For more general animal health information, please refer to the Commission’s Animal Health web- pages. List of abbreviations used: BG Bulgaria LVU Local Veterinary Unit CD Commission Decision MS Member State CID Commission Implementing Decision NRL National Reference Laboratory CVO Chief Veterinary Officer OIE World Organisation for Animal Health EURL EU Reference Laboratory for FMD in Pirbright OJ Official Journal of the European Union EuFMD European Commission for the Control of foot and mouth SCoFCAH Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal disease Health FMD Foot and mouth disease TRACES TRAde Control and Expert System FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2/27 No. 39 Main events Date Main event Action by the European Commission Miscellaneous BG informs the On 30 December 2010, three European Commission wild boars were shot in about the occurrence Makevtci and one of those WED of a case of FMD in a displayed feet lesions.
    [Show full text]
  • TCS Tree Based on L-Fragment
    TCS tree based on L-fragment Kosti village 11 nt changes 12LPN1 (IP 1) 4 nt changes TUR/18/2010 BUL/1/2010 35 nt changes (Gümüşhane) (wild boar) 09/07/2010 30/12/2010 12LPN3 (IP 4) 14 nt changes Rezovo village putative common ancestor of the Bulgarian viruses All nucleotide substitutions are unique Neighbor-joining tree based on Leader+P1 TUR36/2010 TUR18/2010 BUL 12LPN3 (Rezovo) 979 BUL 12LPN4 (Rezovo) 1000 BUL 12LPN1 (Kosti) 767 BUL 12LPN2 (Kosti) BUL/12010 (wild boar) 0.001 Conclusions • The FMD outbreaks in Kosti and Rezovo villages are unlikely to be directly linked. • Both have a common ancestor close to the virus from wild boar. • The long branches between the putative common ancestor and each of the two outbreaks examined (IP1 and IP4) suggest possible intermediate hosts (either wildlife or domesticated animals). FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartite Group Meeting, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 25 March,2011 Every think started from …. FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartite Group Meeting, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 25 March,2011 FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartitt Group Meeting,Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 25 March,2011 One shot wild boar FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartite Group Meeting, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 25 March,2011 One shot wild boar FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartite Group Meeting, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 25 March,2011 Not FMD in wild boar FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartite Group Meeting, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 25 March,2011 What tests we used? Аg FMDV LFD FMFV Ag ELISA WRL FMDV Svanova One- step rRT-PCR (Reid, S. et all, 2002,) (Callahan et all., 2002) FAO-EU FMD /EC/OIE Tripartite Group Meeting,
    [Show full text]
  • Bulgaria Eco Tours and Village Life
    BULGARIA ECO TOURS AND VILLAGE LIFE www.bulgariatravel.org Unique facts about Bulgaria INTRODUCTION To get to know Bulgaria, one has to dive into its authenticity, to taste the product of its nature, to backpack across the country and to gather bouquets of memories and impressions. The variety of The treasure of Bulgarian nature is well preserved Bulgarian nature offers abundant opportunities for engaging outdoor in the national conservation parks. The climate and activities – one can hike around the many eco trails in the National diverse landscape across the country are combined Parks and preservation areas, observe rare animal and bird species or in a unique way. This is one of the many reasons for visit caves and landmarks. the country to have such an animal and plant diversity. Bulgaria has a dense net of eco trails. There are new routes constantly Many rare, endangered and endemic species live in the marked across the mountains, which makes many places of interest Bulgarian conservation parks. Through the territory and landmarks more accessible. of the country passes Via Pontica – the route of the migratory birds from Europe to Africa. The eco-friendly outdoor activities are easily combined with the opportunity to enjoy rural and alternative tours. One can get acquainted with the authentic Bulgarian folklore and can stay in a traditional vintage village house in the regions of Rila, Pirin, The Rodopi For those who love nature, Bulgaria is the Mountains, Strandzha, Stara Planina (the Balkan Range), the Upper place to be. You can appreciate the full Thracian valley, the Danube and the Black Sea Coast regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Strandzha Mountains and the Black Sea Coast
    Historia naturalis bulgarica, 21: 13-48, 2015 Terrestrial gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Strandzha Mountain and the Black Sea coast (Bulgaria and Turkey) Atanas Irikov, Ivelin Mollov Abstract: The current synopsis presents an overview of the terrestrial malacofauna of Strandzha Mountain in Bulgaria and Turkey, based on previously published and new data. As a result of the research we recorded 101 species and subspecies of ter- restrial molluscs belonging to 27 families. The data on the terrestrial malacofauna from the Turkish part of Strandzha is entirely new and presented here for the first time. The synopsis includes a list of synonymous species and subspecies concerning the area of research, all known localities, new localities reported for 50 taxa, systematic and environmental data. For the first time a zoogeographical and conservation analysis of the terrestrial snails is made. Key words: terrestrial gastropods, snails, slugs, Strandzha Mountain, Bulgaria, Turkey. Introduction 50 publications contain data on the terrestrial Original data on species distribution, as well as malacofauna of Strandzha Mountain in Bulgaria. For taxonomic, systematic, zoogeographical and ecologi- Strandzha Mnt. in Turkey there are limited data only cal data resulting from studies in the years 2002-2010 on the presence of a few species of the genus Monacha are included. (Hausdorf, 2000). Most publications report spe- cies composition and localities or describe new taxa. Material and methods Information on the malacofauna is fragmentary and Names of species and subspecies, with a few ex- mostly referring to the Bulgarian part of Strandzha. ceptions, follow Irikov & Mollov (2006). The list of With almost no data on the Turkish part of Strandzha, synonyms applies only to Strandzha Mnt.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Composition of the Free Living Multicellular Invertebrate Animals
    Historia naturalis bulgarica, 21: 49-168, 2015 Species composition of the free living multicellular invertebrate animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) from the Bulgarian sector of the Black Sea and the coastal brackish basins Zdravko Hubenov Abstract: A total of 19 types, 39 classes, 123 orders, 470 families and 1537 species are known from the Bulgarian Black Sea. They include 1054 species (68.6%) of marine and marine-brackish forms and 508 species (33.0%) of freshwater-brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms, connected with water. Five types (Nematoda, Rotifera, Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca) have a high species richness (over 100 species). Of these, the richest in species are Arthropoda (802 species – 52.2%), Annelida (173 species – 11.2%) and Mollusca (152 species – 9.9%). The remaining 14 types include from 1 to 38 species. There are some well-studied regions (over 200 species recorded): first, the vicinity of Varna (601 spe- cies), where investigations continue for more than 100 years. The aquatory of the towns Nesebar, Pomorie, Burgas and Sozopol (220 to 274 species) and the region of Cape Kaliakra (230 species) are well-studied. Of the coastal basins most studied are the lakes Durankulak, Ezerets-Shabla, Beloslav, Varna, Pomorie, Atanasovsko, Burgas, Mandra and the firth of Ropotamo River (up to 100 species known). The vertical distribution has been analyzed for 800 species (75.9%) – marine and marine-brackish forms. The great number of species is found from 0 to 25 m on sand (396 species) and rocky (257 species) bottom. The groups of stenohypo- (52 species – 6.5%), stenoepi- (465 species – 58.1%), meso- (115 species – 14.4%) and eurybathic forms (168 species – 21.0%) are represented.
    [Show full text]
  • Transformations of Rural Areas in Poland and Bulgaria a Case Study
    POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK INSTYTUT GEOGRAFII i PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego DOKUMENTACJA GEOGRAFICZNA nr 27 TRANSFORMATIONS OF RURAL AREAS IN POLAND AND BULGARIA A CASE STUDY Editors: BOŻENA GAŁCZYŃSKA MARGARITA ILIEVA WARSZAWA 2002 DOKUMENTACJA GEOGRAFICZNA Komitet Redakcyjny: Krzysztof Błażejczyk (redaktor) Bronisław Górz Andrzej Kowalczyk Teresa Kozłowska-Szczęsna Roman Soja Alojzy Woś Barbara Jaworska (sekretarz) Wydawca: IG i PZ PAN Adres redakcji: 00-818 Warszawa, ul. Twarda 51/55 tel.(48-22) 69 78 851 fax (48-22) 620 62 21 PL-ISSN 0012-5032 ISBN 83-87954-36-5 http://rcin.org.pl POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK INSTYTUT GEOGRAFII i PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego DOKUMENTACJA GEOGRAFICZNA nr 27 TRANSFORMATIONS OF RURAL AREAS IN POLAND AND BULGARIA A CASE STUDY Editors: BOŻENA GAŁCZYŃSKA MARGARITA ILIEVA WARSZAWA 2002 http://rcin.org.pl Recenzent: Prof. dr. hab. Andrzej Stasiak http://rcin.org.pl Table of Contens Introduction Bożena Gałczyńska, Margarita Ilieva 5 Transformation of the rural areas in Poland. The spatial processes and the regional differentiation Bożena Gałczyńska 7 Transformation of the rural areas in Bulgaria (processes, territorial disparities) Margarita Ilieva 21 Transformations in the functional structure of the rural areas in Poland. Selected problems Władysława Stola 35 Problems of rural population in Bulgaria Chavdar Mladenow 51 Changes of Polish agriculture in 1990s and the integration with European Union Roman Kulikowski 59 The underdeveloped rural regions - an
    [Show full text]
  • Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation Annual Report for 2014
    Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation Annual report for 2014 BULGARIAN BIODIVERSITY FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2014 Sofia – Burgas, March 2015 1 Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation Annual report for 2014 I. CONTEXT FOR BBF WORK 2014 is defined by the economists as another lost year, when the economy started to improve, but politicians made it worse again. 2014 was extremely negative for Bulgaria - the year of political instability, suspended reforms, badly managed budget, deficit spending and bank crisis. And at the end of this critical year our loan rating was reduced to levels, we have not had even during the most severe recession in 2009- 2010. Many things have been known after the end of this year, but few lessons learned. For BBF 2014 started violently in defence of our favourite Strandja. A decision of the SAC and Ministry of Regional Development put on the agenda again one forgotten over the years problem – constructions in park areas. Protests against the adoption of the Master Plan of Tsarevo municipality were organised all over the country. We were very active and lead the protests in Sofia and Burgas. The issue about Strandja National Park Management Plan and our participation in it was again raised, this time even in Parliament and personally by the Minister of Environment and Water. We continued working on it, especially with Malko Tarnovo Municipality. At the same time Stefan Zlatarov, a Strandja NP Director of long standing, was forced to resign and his successor became Petko Nanchev. After the change the Directorate started slowly, but surely to regress. Maya Radeva, Balgarka NP manager, was controversially sacked, and an owner of a logging company was hired.
    [Show full text]
  • Outstanding Balkan River Landscapes – a Basis for Wise Development Decisions
    Outstanding Balkan River landscapes – a basis for wise development decisions Turkey (European part only) Table of Contents: 1. Hydromorphological intactness of rivers 2 2. Protected areas, karst poljes, estuaries/deltas and important floodplains 5 3. Conservation value of rivers 6 4. Hydropower plants 8 5. Affected river stretches with conservation value by hydropower 9 6. List of planned Hydropower dams 11 1 1. Hydromorphological intactness of rivers There are four classes characterising the different levels of hydromorphological intactness: Class 1 shows in blue colour near-natural conditions). Class 2-3 is characterised by slightly to moderately modified status, indicated in light green. Class 4 for river stretches which are extensively altered are orange and class 5 (red) indicates stretches with severely modifications in particular impoundments. Lakes and rivers outside of the project areas are visualised in dark blue. Fig. 1: Legend for the hydromorphological assessment map on next page 2 Fig. 2: Hydromorphological assessment for TR. Only the northeastern part of European Turkey was considered. Some rivers like the lower Ada and the Rezovo river contributing to Black sea and building the border between Bulgaria and Turkey fall in the first class and are important examples for eastern Balkan rivers. At Maritsa good hydromorphological conditions prevails but tributaries like Ergene in the lowlands are more or less altered (class 2 - 4). 3 Fig. 3: Hydromorphological assessment in rkm and percentage for TR (remark: as only some European parts of Turkey are covered the results are not representative for entire country). 4 2. Protected areas, karst poljes, estuaries/deltas and important floodplains The inventory of protected areas contains in particular Natura2000 for EU Member States (EC 2010) and Croatia (State Institute for Nature protection Croatia 2010), national parks, biosphere reserves, nature reserves, EMERALD network areas (as far as available) and Important Bird Areas as well as Ramsar sites for other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Distr
    UNITED NATIONS A General Assembly Distr. GENERAL A/52/774 22 January 1998 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Fifty-second session Agenda items 39 and 81 OCEANS AND THE LAW OF THE SEA MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY Letter dated 20 January 1998 from the Permanent Representatives of Bulgaria and Turkey to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General We have the honour to transmit herewith the text of a joint statement on the Agreement between the Republic of Turkey and the Republic of Bulgaria on the determination of the boundary in the mouth of the Rezovska/Mutludere River and delimitation of the maritime areas between the two States in the Black Sea, signed by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on 4 December 1997 at Sofia (see annex). We should be grateful if you would have the text of the present letter and its annex circulated as an official document of the fifty-second session of the General Assembly under agenda items 39 and 81. (Signed) Philip DIMITROV (Signed) Hüseyin E. ÇELEM Ambassador Ambassador Permanent Representative of Permanent Representative of the Republic of Bulgaria the Republic of Turkey to the United Nations to the United Nations 98-01357 (E) 230198 /... A/52/774 English Page 2 ANNEX Joint statement on the Agreement between the Republic of Turkey and the Republic of Bulgaria on the determination of the boundary in the mouth of the Rezovska/Mutludere River and delimitation of the maritime areas between the two States in the Black Sea The issue regarding the determination of the boundary in the mouth of the Rezovska/Mutludere River and delimitation of maritime areas in the Rezovo/ Begendik Bay, of territorial waters, as well as the continental shelf and exclusive economic zones between Bulgaria and Turkey had been pending for over 40 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Two-Year Monitoring of Water Samples from Dam of Iskar and the Black Sea, Bulgaria, by Molecular Analysis: Focus on Mycobacterium Spp
    Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 7430-7443; doi:10.3390/ijerph120707430 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Communication Two-Year Monitoring of Water Samples from Dam of Iskar and the Black Sea, Bulgaria, by Molecular Analysis: Focus on Mycobacterium spp. Stefan Panaiotov 1,*, Ivan Simeonovski 1, Victoria Levterova 1, Ventzislav Karamfilov 2, Nadia Brankova 1, Kristin Tankova 1, Katrina Campbell 3, Pauline Jacob 4, Karim Helmi 4, Bas Boots 5, Emilio D’Ugo 6, Stefania Marcheggiani 6, Laura Mancini 6, Ulrich Breitenbach 7, Erik Mielke 7 and Todor Kantardjiev 1 1 National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; E-Mails: [email protected] (I.S.); [email protected] (V.L.); [email protected] (N.B.); [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (T.K.) 2 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, BAS, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 5 AG, UK; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Veolia Environnement Recherche and Innovation, Department Environnement Sante - Solutions d'Analyse Environnementale, 94410 Saint Maurice, France; E-Mails: [email protected] (P.J.); [email protected] (K.H.) 5 UCD School of Biosystems Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Istituto Superiore di Santia, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: [email protected] (E.D.); [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (L.M.) 7 MARILIM Gesellschaft für Gewässeruntersuchung mbH Heinrich-Wöhlk-Str.
    [Show full text]
  • Study and Analysis Report on Potential Tourist Resources Covered by Strandja Region in Bulgaria (Bourgas District)
    STUDY AND ANALYSIS REPORT ON POTENTIAL TOURIST RESOURCES COVERED BY STRANDJA REGION IN BULGARIA (BOURGAS DISTRICT) PROJECT CB005.1.22.105 THE BEAUTY OF STRANDJA – TO EXPLORE, DISCOVER AND SPREAD THE NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN BULGARIA-TURKEY CROSS-BORDER REGION CONTRACTING AUTHORITY: VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AND ECONOMICS “HRISTO BOTEV”, SVILENGRAD CONTRACTOR: BOURGAS REGIONAL TOURIST ASSOCIATION May 2018 The project is co-funded by European Union through the Interreg-IPA CBC Bulgaria – Turkey Programme. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union through the Interreg-IPA CBC Bulgaria- Turkey Programme, CCI No 2014TC16I5CB005. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the Bourgas Regional Tourist Association/ Vocational High School of Agriculture and Economics “Hristo Botev”, Republic of Bulgaria and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union or the Managing Authority of the Programme. Page 1 Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1. BOURGAS REGION ............................................................................................................................... 5 1. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND NATURAL RESOURCES OF BURGAS REGION ................................ 5 1.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BURGAS REGION ................................................................... 5 1.2. RELIEF ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]