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Research Article

Ecologica Montenegrina 11: 74-79 (2017) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em

Little known and newly recorded species of in

DILIAN GEORGIEV

Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen Str. 24, BG-4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, email: [email protected]

Received: 6 September 2017│ Accepted by V. Pešić: 27 September 2017 │ Published online: 29 September 2017.

The from the order Psocoptera are poorly studied in Bulgaria (Lienhard & Smithers 2002). In this note I report of nineteen species of Psocoptera which were little known or were not recorded in this country. The study was carried out between 22.9.2016 and 27.8.2017 from seven geographic regions of Bulgaria (Fig. 1): Upper Thracian Lowland, Coast, and the of , , Rhodopes, and Sarnena Gora. All specimens were collected and identified by the author. The barklice were searched by following methods: 1. Actively searched under tree bark and collected by hand; 2. Sieving with 1 mm mesh width sieve of detritus or crushed tree bark particles above white cloth; 3. Beating the vegetation above a sieve; 4. Checking for dead individuals in paddles, beneath windows and in spider webs; 5. Sweep netting of vegetation. Specimens were then over narcotized by diethyl ether, stored in ethanol or glycerin (when prepared on microscope slides), and after processing deposited in the collection of the author. Species identifications and followed mainly Lienhard (1998). As supporting sources for some of the species also Saville (2008), Kučerová et al. (2014) and Yang et al. (2015) were used.

Trogiidae guestfalica (Kolbe, 1880) Material examined: North Black Sea Coast: 17.8.2017, east of town, a patch of planted trees near a monument, brunches of Abies pinsapo, N43 26 11.4 E28 21 16.9, 127 m a. s. l., 2 ♀, coll. by beating the vegetation; 19.8.2017, near the beach of town and Dobrudzha camping, brunches of Pinus nigra, N43 33 52.5 E28 35 17.6, 20 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by beating the vegetation; South Black Sea coast: 24.8.2017, village, yard of a house, brunches of Cupressus sp., N42 03 41.1 E27 58 42.4, N42 03 36.4 E27 58 24.5, 30 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by beating the vegetation; 25.8.2017, at the estuary of River, scattered trees and shrubs, brunches of Ulmus minor, N42 03 53.5 E27 58 18.0, at the sea level, 1 ♀, coll. by beating the vegetation; 26.8.2017, village, yard of a house, brunches of Cupressus sp., N41 59 05.6 E28 01 48.9, 41 m a. s. l., 2 ♀, coll. by beating the vegetation; 27.8.2017, at the vicinities of Sinemorets village, near Butamyata Beach, Quercus sp. , on the bark of living Quercus sp., N42 03 30.1 E27 58 49.7, 27 m a. s. l., 1 ♂, coll. by hand. Newly recorded species and genus for Bulgaria.

Lepinotus inquilinus Heyden, 1850 Material examined: Sarnena Gora Mts.: 22.9.2016, Hrishteni village, yard of a house, in detritus of Corylus avellana, N42 27 12.56 E25 42 17.89, 183 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by sieving; Upper Thracian Lowland: 28.4.2017, north of Lyubenovo village, bank of Sazliika River, flood forest of Salix sp., among small pieces

Ecologica Montenegrina, 11, 2017, 74-79

GEORGIEV of wood and detritus deposited by waters at the base of a , N42 12 33.2 E25 56 01.3, 99 m a. s. l., 2 ♀, coll. by sieving. New record for Bulgaria.

Figure 1. Collection localities of: 1 – Liposcelis bostrychophila, Psocus bipunctatus, 2 – Liposcelis formicaria, 3 – Liposcelis rufa, 4 – Liposcelis bostrychophila, 5 – Liposcelis bostrychophila, inquilinus, 6 – Liposcelis bostrychophila, 7 – lucifuga, 8 – Liposcelis bostrychophila, , 9 – Liposcelis bostrychophila, 10 – Amphigerontia contaminata, Blaste conspurcata, 11 – Ectopsocus briggsi, 12 – , Ectopsocus briggsi, Ectopsocus meridionalis, Psococerastis gibbosa, didymus, Trimerocaecilius popovi, immaculatus, Trichadenotecnum majus, Trichadenotecnum innuptum, 13 – Cerobasis guestfalica, dalii, 14 – Liposcelis bostrychophila, Cerobasis guestfalica, Ectopsocus briggsi, Ectopsocus meridionalis, , 15 – Liposcelis bostrychophila, 16 – nebulosus, 17 – Cerobasis guestfalica, Ectopsocus briggsi.

Liposcelididae Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, 1931 Material examined: Pirin Mts.: 9.8.2017, near village, mixed forest near a stream (Alnus glutinosa, , Salix sp.), under bark of dry brunch of Alnus glutinosa, N41 48 29.0 E23 33 30.3, 884 m a. s. l., 1 ♂, coll. by hand; Sarnena Gora Mts.: 26.3.2017, south of Kolena village, below Medven Peak, Quercus spp. and Carpinus orientalis forest, in detritus of Quercus sp., N42 27 06.4 E25 43 51.9, 222 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by sieving; West Rhodopes Mts.: 25.4.2017, between villages of Leska and Tsirka, Quercus spp. forest, under bark of dead trunk of Quercus sp., N41 32 45.5 E24 58 36.0, 604 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by sieving; East Rhodopes Mts.: 14.4.2017, north of Dabovets village, Quercus spp. and Carpinus orientalis forest, in detritus of Quercus sp. and Juniperus sp., N41 42 33.9 E25 58 00.3, 334 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by sieving; Upper Thracian Lowland: 28.4.2017, north of Lyubenovo village, bank of Sazliika River, flood forest of Salix sp., among small pieces of wood and detritus deposited by waters at the base of a willow, and under bark of a willow trunk, N42 12 33.2 E25 56 01.3, 99 m a. s. l., 3 ♀, coll. by sieving; Sakar Mts.: 30.4.2017, banks of Sokolitsa River near Obruchishte village, forest of Salix sp., Ulmus sp., and Acer negundo, under bark of dry brunches of living Prunus cerasifera, N42 08 09.9 E25 57 13.6, 116 m a. s. l., 1

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NEW RECORDS OF PSOCOPTERA FROM BULGARIA

♀, coll. by sieving; North Black Sea Coast: 15.8.2017, near Kavarna town, Robinia pseudoacacia plantation, under bark of dry R. pseudoacacia, N43 25 09.6 E28 21 00.4, 48 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by sieving; 17.8.2017, near Beach, small patch of Prunus cerasifera trees, in a dead trunk of P. cerasifera in ants nest, N43 23 02.3 E28 28 18.0, at the sea level, 4 ♀, coll. by sieving. New record for Bulgaria.

Liposcelis formicaria (Hagen, 1865) Material examined: West Rhodopes Mts.: 19.5.2017, south of town, small meadow in Picea abies forest, in Formica cf. rufa nest, N41 41 46.0 E24 41 31.0, 1202 m a. s. l., 6 ♀, 1 nymph, coll. by sieving. The species was previously reported for Bulgaria by Giese (1964) without an exact locality as L. silvarum formicaria.

Liposcelis rufa Broadhead, 1950 Material examined: West Rhodopes Mts.: 24.4.2017, town, near the building of Plovdiv University, meadow with scattered trees and bushes, under bark of dry brunches of living Cerasus sativa, N41 34 42.3 E24 42 26.0, 923 m a. s. l., 3 ♀, 1 nymph, collected both by sieving and active search under bark. New record for Bulgaria.

Epipsocidae (Rambur, 1842) Material examined: East Rhodopes Mts., 11.6.2017, north of Pelevun village, among stones of an old wall of sheep pen, at the edge of Quercus sp. forest and meadow, N41 28 19.2 E26 00 07.5, 475 m a. s. l., 2 ♀, coll. by hand. The species was previously reported for Bulgaria by Lienhard (1998) without an exact locality.

Stenopsocidae

Stenopsocus immaculatus (Stephens, 1836) Material examined: South Black Sea Coast, 27.8.2017, near the estuary of Veleka River, Fraxinus sp. forest, found in a paddle on a dirt road, N42 03 48.5 E27 58 11.0, 4 m a. s. l., 1 ♀. New record for Bulgaria.

Ectopsocidae Ectopsocus briggsi McLachlan, 1899 Material examined: North Black Sea Coast: 18.8.2017, Kavarna town, hotel “Sveti Georgi”, from a spider web (Family Theridiidae) of a balcony, N43 24 57.6 E28 21 19.2, 35 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. dead by brush; 19.8.2017, near the beach of Shabla town and Dobrudzha camping, brunches of Prunus cerasifera, N43 33 52.5 E28 35 17.6, 20 m a. s. l., 1 ♂, coll. by beating the vegetation; South Black Sea Coast: 26.6.2017, north of Popski Beach near town, mixed broad leaf forest, brunches of Quercus sp., N42 10 53.7 E27 50 32.0, 9 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by beating the vegetation; 25.8.2017, south of Sinemorets village, near Lipite Beach, Quercus sp. forest, brunches of Quercus sp., N42 02 46.3 E27 59 27.7, 18 m a. s. l., 2 ♂, coll. by sweep netting; 25.8.2017, north of Sinemorets village, south part of Veleka Beach, from Phragmites australis, N42 03 54.6 E27 58 32.1, at the sea level, 1 ♀, coll. by sweep netting. New record for Bulgaria.

Ectopsocus meridionalis Ribaga, 1904 Material examined: North Black Sea Coast: 16.8.2017, near the beach of Kavarna town, Fraxinus sp. forest near a stream, brunches of Fraxinus sp., N43 24 58.0 E28 20 59.8, 12 m a. s. l., 2 ♀, coll. by beating the vegetation; South Black Sea Coast: 24.8.2017, near Butamyata Beach, south of Sinemorets village, flood forest, brunches of and Ulmus minor, N42 03 11.1 E27 59 04.1, at the sea level, 2 ♀, coll. by beating the vegetation New record for Bulgaria.

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Peripsocidae Peripsocus didymus Roesler, 1939 Material examined: South Black Sea coast: 27.8.2017, at the vicinities of Sinemorets village, near Butamyata Beach, Quercus sp. and Carpinus betulus forest, N42 03 27.3 E27 59 02.4, 25 m a. s. l., 1 ♂, found dead in a small stream. New record for Bulgaria.

Pseudocaeciliidae Trimerocaecilius popovi Meinander, 1978 Material examined: South Black Sea Coast: 24.8.2017, Sinemorets village, found beneath window of a hotel room, N42 03 35.5 E27 58 46.5, 13 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, found dead; 25.8.2017, south of Sinemorets village, near Lipite Beach, Quercus sp. forest, brunches of Quercus sp., N42 02 46.3 E27 59 27.7, 18 m a. s. l., 1 ♂, coll. by sweep netting; 26 and 27.8.2017, at the estuary of Veleka River, Fraxinus sp. forest, N42 03 48.5 E27 58 11.0, at the sea level, 3 ♀, 2 ♂, found drown in paddles, and 4 adults observed among Xanthoria sp. on trunk of living Fraxinus sp.; 27.8.2017, near Sinemorets village, Quercus sp. forest, among lichens Xanthoria sp. on trunk of living Quercus sp., N42 03 30.1 E27 58 49.7, 27 m a. s. l., 3 adults observed and photographed. No any records of this species were available after its description in 1978. It was now re collected from the type locality, some data on its ecology was presented and the very first photographs were made (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Trimerocaecilius popovi Meinander, 1978 (the area of Sinemorets village, type locality): 1 – male, 2-4 – female (photographed in ethanol), 5 – two specimens in their habitat on an bark.

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NEW RECORDS OF PSOCOPTERA FROM BULGARIA

Trichopsocidae Trichopsocus dalii (McLachlan, 1867) Material examined: North Black Sea Coast: 16.8.2017, the central park of Kavarna town, brunches of Taxus sp. bushes, N43 26 9.36 E28 20 26.9, 125 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by beating the vegetation; South Black Sea coast: 26.8.2017, Rezovo village, yard of a house, brunches of Cupressus sp., N41 59 05.6 E28 01 48.9, 41 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 5 nymphs, coll. by beating the vegetation. Newly recorded species and family for Bulgaria.

Psocidae Amphigerontia contaminata (Stephens, 1836) Material examined: Strandzha Mts.: 18.6.2017, between town and Ravadinovo village, mixed broad leaf forest, brunches of Ulmus sp., N42 24 28.7 E27 41 48.6, 33 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by beating the vegetation. Newly recorded species and genus for Bulgaria.

Blaste conspurcata (Rambur, 1842) Material examined: Strandzha Mts.: 18.6.2017, between Sozopol town and Ravadinovo village, shrub land, brunches of Crataegus sp., N42 24 28.7 E27 41 48.6, 53 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by beating the vegetation. Newly recorded of species and genus for Bulgaria.

Psococerastis gibbosa (Sulzer, 1776) Material examined: South Black Sea Coast: 27.8.2017, near the estuary of Veleka River, Fraxinus sp. forest, found in a paddle on a dirt road, N42 03 48.5 E27 58 11.0, 4 m a. s. l., 2 ♀. The species was previously reported for Bulgaria by Giese (1964) without an exact locality.

Psocus bipunctatus (Linnaeus, 1761) Material examined: Pirin Mts.: 9.8.2017, near Dobrinishte village, mixed forest near a stream (Alnus glutinosa, Pinus sylvestris, Salix sp.), under bark of dry brunch of Alnus glutinosa, N41 48 29.0 E23 33 30.3, 884 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by hand, 2 ♀ observed. Newly recorded species and genus for Bulgaria.

Metylophorus nebulosus (Stephens, 1836) Material examined: North Black Sea Coast: 19.8.2017, Krapets village, near the beach, Fraxinus sp. forest near a dry temporary stream, among wooden deposits on the bank, N43 37 24.1 E28 34 18.6, at the sea level, 1 ♀, coll. by sieving (found inside the sieve of 1 mm mesh width among detritus particles). The species was previously reported for Bulgaria by Giese (1964) without an exact locality.

Trichadenotecnum majus (Kolbe, 1880) Material examined: South Black Sea Coast: 27.8.2017, near the estuary of Veleka River, Fraxinus sp. forest, found in a paddle on a dirt road, N42 03 48.5 E27 58 11.0, 4 m a. s. l., 1 ♀. New record for Bulgaria.

Trichadenotecnum innuptum Betz, 1983 Material examined: South Black Sea Coast: 27.8.2017, near the estuary of Veleka River, Fraxinus sp. forest, on a trunk of living Fraxinus sp., N42 03 48.5 E27 58 11.0, 4 m a. s. l., 1 ♀, coll. by hand. Identification of the specimen is confirmed by Dr. Charles Lienhard. New record for Bulgaria.

Exact localities of four species known for Bulgaria from previous studies but without a location were reported. One species unknown after its description 39 years ago was re-sampled from its type locality. Fourteen species of Psocoptera were newly recorded for Bulgaria. After this study there are 55 species from this order known to occur in the country.

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Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Charles Lienhard for confirming the identification of Trichadenotecnum innuptum. I am grateful to Dr. Alexi Popov whose review of the manuscript significantly improved the quality of this paper. This study was partly financed by the project of Plovdiv University “Evaluation of the anthropogenic stress on the wetlands of South Bulgaria”, № FP17-BF-001.

References

Giese, B. (1964) Ergebnisse der Albanien-Expedition 1961 des Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes. Beiträge zur Entomologie, 14(3/4), 245-249. Kučerová, Z., Wakil, W., Yasin, M., Yang, Q., Li, Z-H., Hromádková, J., Kalinović, I., Opit, G. & Lienhard, C. (2014) Morphological and molecular characterization of a Pakistan strain of the stored-product pest Liposcelis paeta (Insecta: : ) with observations on the variability of the head surface sculpture in liposcelidids. Journal of Stored Products Research, 57, 12-23. Lienhard, C. (1998) Psocoptères Euro-Méditerranéens. Faune de 83. Fédération Francaise des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles, Paris, France, 517 pp. Lienhard, C. & Smithers, C. (2002) Psocoptera (Insecta): world catalogue and bibliography. Instrument Biodiversitatis V. Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Genève, , 745 pp. Saville, B. (2008) National Barkfly Recording Scheme (Britain and ). Available at: https://www.brc.ac.uk. (Accessed on 1 September 2017). Yang, Q., Kučerová, Z., Perlman, S., Opit, G., Mockford, E., Behar, A., Robinson, E., Stejskal, V., Li, Z. & Shao, R. (2015) Morphological and molecular characterization of a sexually reproducing colony of the booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) found in Arizona. Scientific Reports, 5, 10429.

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