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Bartolomé De Las Casas, Soldiers of Fortune, And
HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Dissertation Submitted To The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Damian Matthew Costello UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio August 2013 HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew APPROVED BY: ____________________________ Dr. William L. Portier, Ph.D. Committee Chair ____________________________ Dr. Sandra Yocum, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Kelly S. Johnson, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Anthony B. Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ Dr. Roberto S. Goizueta, Ph.D. Committee Member ii ABSTRACT HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. William L. Portier This dissertation - a postcolonial re-examination of Bartolomé de las Casas, the 16th century Spanish priest often called “The Protector of the Indians” - is a conversation between three primary components: a biography of Las Casas, an interdisciplinary history of the conquest of the Americas and early Latin America, and an analysis of the Spanish debate over the morality of Spanish colonialism. The work adds two new theses to the scholarship of Las Casas: a reassessment of the process of Spanish expansion and the nature of Las Casas’s opposition to it. The first thesis challenges the dominant paradigm of 16th century Spanish colonialism, which tends to explain conquest as the result of perceived religious and racial difference; that is, Spanish conquistadors turned to military force as a means of imposing Spanish civilization and Christianity on heathen Indians. -
State of Ambiguity: Civic Life and Culture in Cuba's First Republic
STATE OF AMBIGUITY STATE OF AMBIGUITY CiviC Life and CuLture in Cuba’s first repubLiC STEVEN PALMER, JOSÉ ANTONIO PIQUERAS, and AMPARO SÁNCHEZ COBOS, editors Duke university press 2014 © 2014 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-f ree paper ♾ Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Minion Pro by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data State of ambiguity : civic life and culture in Cuba’s first republic / Steven Palmer, José Antonio Piqueras, and Amparo Sánchez Cobos, editors. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8223-5630-1 (cloth : alk. paper) isbn 978-0-8223-5638-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Cuba—History—19th century. 2. Cuba—History—20th century. 3. Cuba—Politics and government—19th century. 4. Cuba—Politics and government—20th century. 5. Cuba— Civilization—19th century. 6. Cuba—Civilization—20th century. i. Palmer, Steven Paul. ii. Piqueras Arenas, José A. (José Antonio). iii. Sánchez Cobos, Amparo. f1784.s73 2014 972.91′05—dc23 2013048700 CONTENTS Introduction: Revisiting Cuba’s First Republic | 1 Steven Palmer, José Antonio Piqueras, and Amparo Sánchez Cobos 1. A Sunken Ship, a Bronze Eagle, and the Politics of Memory: The “Social Life” of the USS Maine in Cuba (1898–1961) | 22 Marial Iglesias Utset 2. Shifting Sands of Cuban Science, 1875–1933 | 54 Steven Palmer 3. Race, Labor, and Citizenship in Cuba: A View from the Sugar District of Cienfuegos, 1886–1909 | 82 Rebecca J. Scott 4. Slaughterhouses and Milk Consumption in the “Sick Republic”: Socio- Environmental Change and Sanitary Technology in Havana, 1890–1925 | 121 Reinaldo Funes Monzote 5. -
Exploring the Colonial History of New Mexico Through Artifacts
Exploring the Colonial History of New Mexico Through Artifacts Ramón A. Gutiérrez What relationship does a painting of Saint Anthony of Padua on an elk-skin hide have to an iron spur? On the surface, probably little conjoins them other that they were both produced by artisans in the Kingdom of New Mexico during the eighteenth century. Archaeologists often refer to such material objects as “dumb traces,” not because they are stupid or irrelevant in any way, but because they are mute and silent and do not readily yield their meanings or their grander cultural significance without some prodding and pondering on our part. Such artifacts require interpretation.1 For that, one must first contextualize these objects within denser webs of history, within networks and assemblages of the things humans once made. The broader historical and cultural milieu that led to the creation of this hide painting of Saint Anthony and of the iron spur begins with the Spanish conquest of America, initiated by the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus, which ultimately led to the vanquishment of indigenous peoples throughout the New World. Spain’s overseas empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries extended north from what is now Chile as far as New Mexico and Arizona, and from Cuba westward to the Philippines. 45 The geographer Alfred B. Crosby called the cultural processes unleashed by this colonization the “Columbian exchange,” a set of reciprocal transfers of ideas, technologies and goods that created an infinite array of blendings and bor- rowings, of mixings and meldings, of inventions and wholesale appropriations that were often unique and specific to time and place.2 The New Mexican religious im- age of Saint Anthony of Padua holding the infant Christ was painted with local pigments on an elk-skin hide in 1725, possibly by an indigenous artisan (Figure 1). -
Residential Schools, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylania Press, 2004
Table of Contents I.Introduction 3 II. Historical Overview of Boarding Schools 2 A. What was their purpose? 2 B. In what countries were they located 3 United States 3 Central/South America and Caribbean 10 Australia 12 New Zealand 15 Scandinavia 18 Russian Federation 20 Asia 21 Africa 25 Middle East 24 C. What were the experiences of indigenous children? 28 D. What were the major successes and failures? 29 E. What are their legacies today and what can be learned from them? 30 III. The current situation/practices/ideologies of Boarding Schools 31 A. What purpose do they currently serve for indigenous students (eg for nomadic communities, isolated and remote communities) and/or the solution to address the low achievements rates among indigenous students? 31 North America 31 Australia 34 Asia 35 Latin America 39 Russian Federation 40 Scandinavia 41 East Africa 42 New Zealand 43 IV. Assessment of current situation/practices/ideologies of Boarding Schools 43 A. Highlight opportunities 43 B. Highlight areas for concern 45 C. Highlight good practices 46 V. Conclusion 48 VI. Annotated Bibliography 49 I. Introduction At its sixth session, the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues recommended that an expert undertake a comparative study on the subject of boarding schools.1 This report provides a preliminary analysis of boarding school policies directed at indigenous peoples globally. Because of the diversity of indigenous peoples and the nation-states in which they are situated, it is impossible to address all the myriad boarding school policies both historically and contemporary. Boarding schools have had varying impacts for indigenous peoples. -
COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT and NATIONAL LAW in ASIA and the PACIFIC BALANCING ACTS: Community-Based Forest Management and National Law in Asia and the Pacific
u r COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT AND NATIONAL LAW IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC BALANCING ACTS: Community-Based Forest Management and National Law in Asia and the Pacific Owen J. Lynch Kirk Talbott -'-'— in collaboration with Marshall S. Berdan, editor Jonathan Lindsay and Chhatrapati Singh (India Case Study) Chip Barber (Indonesia Case Study) TJ Shantam Khadka (Nepal Case Study) WORLD Alan Marat (Papua New Guinea Case Study) RESOURCES Janis Alcorn (Thailand Case Study) INSTITUTE Antoinette Royo-Fay (Philippines Case Study) Lalanath de Silva and G.L. Anandalal SEPTEMBER 1995 Nanayakkara (Sri Lanka Case Study) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lynch, Owen J. (Owen James) Balancing acts : community-based forest management and national law in Asia and the Pacific / Owen J. Lynch and Kirk Talbott with Marshall S. Berdan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-56973-033-4 (alk. paper) 1. Forestry law and legislation—Asia. 2. Forestry law and legislation—Pacific Area. I. Talbott, Kirk, 1955- II. Berdan, Marshall S. III. Title. KNC768.L96 1995 346.504'675—dc20 [345.064675] 95-34925 CIP Kathleen Courrier Publications Director Brooks Belford Marketing Manager Hyacinth Billings Production Manager Lomangino Studio Cover Design Chip Fay Cover Photos Each World Resources Institute Report represents a timely, scholarly treatment of a subject of public concern. WRI takes responsibility for choosing the study topics and guaranteeing its authors and researchers freedom of inquiry. It also solicits and responds to the guidance of advisory panels and expert reviewers. Unless otherwise stated, however, all the interpretation and findings set forth in WRI publications are those of the authors. -
Uimersity Mcrofihns International
Uimersity Mcrofihns International 1.0 |:B litt 131 2.2 l.l A 1.25 1.4 1.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL 1010a (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) University Microfilms Inc. 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a manuscript sent to us for publication and microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to pho tograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction Is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pages In any manuscript may have Indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. The following explanation of techniques Is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When It Is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to Indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note ap pears to Indicate this. 3. Oversize materials (maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sec tioning the original, beginning at the upper left hand comer and continu ing from left to right In equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page Is also filmed as one exposure and Is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or In black and white paper format. * 4. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or micro fiche but lack clarify on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, all photographs are available In black and white standard 35mm slide format.* *For more information about black and white slides or enlarged paper reproductions, please contact the Dissertations Customer Services Department. -
Understanding the Creolization
“TRAGEDY AND GLORY” IN THE “UNFORTUNATE ERA”: UNDERSTANDING THE CREOLIZATION OF SANTO DOMINGO THROUGH THE BOCA NIGUA REVOLT by Jonathan Hopkins B.A., The University of Victoria, 2009 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Interdisciplinary Studies) THE UNIVERISTY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) September 2017 © Jonathan Hopkins, 2017 ii The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the College of Graduate Studies for acceptance, a thesis/dissertation entitled: “TRAGEDY AND GLORY” IN THE “UNFORTUNATE ERA”: UNDERSTANDING THE CREOLIZATION OF SANTO DOMINGO THROUGH THE BOCA NIGUA REVOLT submitted by in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Jonathan Hopkins the degree of . Master of Arts Dr. Luis LM Aguiar Supervisor Dr. Jessica Stites-Mor Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Jelena Jovicic Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Catherine Higgs University Examiner Dr. Donna Senese External Examiner iii Abstract This thesis examines a slave revolt that occurred at the Boca Nigua sugar plantation in Santo Domingo (today the Dominican Republic) during the fall of 1796. The Spanish colony’s population at the time were coming to terms with revolution in St. Domingue (the French territory it shared an island with) and Santo Domingo’s cession to France in 1795. I argue the slave rebels who initiated the revolt at Boca Nigua and the colonial officials responsible for subduing it were influenced by creolization. Conceptually, the process involves people from divergent geographic origins arriving to the Caribbean through mass migration, and forging local cultures through the economic and political arrangements found in the colonial world. -
Dominant Ethnicity and Dominant Nationhood: Empirical and Normative Aspects Introduction Current Scholarship Pertaining to Ethn
Dominant Ethnicity and Dominant Nationhood: Empirical and Normative Aspects Introduction Current scholarship pertaining to ethnicity and nationalism ploughs three main furrows: state nationalism, minority nationalism and minority ethnicity. To this list, one may add the literature on migration, which is linked to minority ethnicity; citizenship studies, which examines the interplay between state nationalism and minority ethnicity; and normative political theory, which concerns itself with the interplay between state nations, minority nations, and minority ethnies. All three literatures therefore neglect the increasingly important phenomenon of dominant ethnicity. (Kaufmann 2004a) The chapter begins by locating dominant ethnicity in the aforementioned literature. It probes the vicissitudes of dominant ethnicity in the developing and developed worlds. It registers the shift from dominant minority to dominant majority control in the developing world, while in the West, it finds increasing demographic and cultural pressure on dominant ethnic majorities. I next consider this volume's chief problematic of dominant nationhood. Here the paper introduces an optical metaphor of referent, lenses and symbolic resources which can help us better unpack the complexity of dominant nationhood. The Canadian case is treated as an instance of 'missionary' nationalism: a competing nationalism to Quebec's rather than the post- national alternative it claims to be. Finally the chapter examines the normative questions thrown up by dominant groups and the implications of dominant ethnicity and nationhood for federalism. Dominant Ethnicity What then, is dominant ethnicity? To answer this question, we need to be specific about our terminology. Since 1980, great strides have been made toward differentiating the concepts of state, nation, and ethnic group, and sketching the linkages between such phenomena.1 States place the emphasis on the instruments of coercion, government and boundary demarcation within a territory. -
1.2 Vilanova
Journal of Catalan Intellectual History Online ISSN 2014-1564 DOI: 10.1515/jocih-2016-0002 https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jocih Received 03/01/2017 / Accepted 05/03/2017 Did Catalonia endure a (cultural) genocide? Francesc Vilanova* (UAB-CEFID, Centre d’Estudis sobre el Franquisme i la Democràcia) [email protected] http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-0877 Abstract. During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), Spanish fascism developed its own repressive tools and resources against their enemies (Republicans, Socialists, Communists and Anarchists among others) in the same way other European fascisms did. The depth of the Spanish nationalism brought Franco’s repression against the Catalan society to the height of the processes of cultural and linguistic persecution in the same way that Nazism or Italian fascism had done in the territories they occupied during the years of World War II. Keywords: Fascism, Francoism, genocide, Raphael Lemkin, Catalanism « By shaping the term “genocide” Lemkin was posing a challenge to Historians »1 Y. Ternon 1 What Paul Preston reminded us of: genocide as a form of Francoist repression. In 2011, Paul Preston’s book The Spanish Holocaust. Hate and extermination during the Spanish Civil war and afterwards (published also in Catalan and in Spanish)2 awoke the old ghosts of the nominal debates, full-blown qualifications (or disqualifications), and the quantitative and qualitative hierarchies of the repressive processes of the Franco regime. Could terms like "holocaust" be used without taking any harm? Was it not a grueling * Francesc Vilanova i Vila-Abadal is Professor and Head of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. -
Introduction
C 1 Introduction From colonial times up to the present, Mexico has been characterized by its linguistic pluralism as a result of multiethnic and multicultural encounters that have shaped what is called Mexican Spanish. In this sense, Mexican Spanish may be considered an amalgamation of modalities in which each region of the country exhibits a different variety. Although dialectal diversity itself is not considered a negative factor, sometimes it generates negative attitudes among speakers toward non-prestige varieties that tend to diminish and marginalize the speech of certain ethnic groups, as is the case with Afro-Mexicans. The African presence in Mexico, as in the rest of the Americas, has been a sociohistorical fact since colonial times. Nevertheless, there are no records of the African speech of that period for two reasons: 1) the orality of their linguis- tic manifestations, and 2) because most speakers were illiterate. In this respect, Zimmermann (2012: 289) states: El hecho de la escasa alfabetización de los africanos dificultó durante mucho tiem- po la emergencia de productos literarios afromexicanos escritos. Solo después de la abolición de la esclavitud pudo resultar un cambio al respecto. Por eso habría que concentrar la investigación en la existencia de una eventual literatura oral durante la época de la esclavitud. Actualmente no se han encontrado testimonios de tal tradición oral, lo que [no] significa que no la haya habido. RRosas_Afro-hispanic.indbosas_Afro-hispanic.indb 1155 117/04/20217/04/2021 115:34:085:34:08 16 Afro-Hispanic Linguistic Remnants in Mexico Despite the absence of Afro-Mexican speech samples of the colonial era, there are written linguistic sources (historical documents, and some of a literary nature) that Zimmermann (1995: 64-67) has classified as follows: 1. -
The Pueblo Reforms: Spanish Imperial Strategies & Negotiating
The Pueblo Reforms: Spanish Imperial Strategies & Negotiating Control in New Mexico A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Paul M. Rellstab December 2013 © 2013 Paul M. Rellstab. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled The Pueblo Reforms: Spanish Imperial Strategies & Negotiating Control in New Mexico by PAUL M. RELLSTAB has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Mariana L. Dantas Associate Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT RELLSTAB, PAUL M., M.A., December 2013, History The Pueblo Reforms: Spanish Imperial Strategies & Negotiating Control in New Mexico Director of Thesis: Mariana L. Dantas “The Pueblo Reforms” investigates Spanish and Pueblo interactions in New Mexico from the mid-sixteenth to the mid-eighteenth centuries. Building off the historiography on Spanish early modern imperial policies, the thesis places New Mexico within the historical context of Spanish imperial expansion in the Americas and efforts to control native populations. As the Spanish attempted to expand to areas beyond Mexico City, mendicant orders became their strongest allies: by converting natives, Franciscan missionaries promised to transform Indians into productive vassals of the Crown. Unlike areas with centralized Spanish authority, New Mexico did not count on a significant civil and military Spanish presence. The Church, represented by Franciscan missionaries, thus became the most stable institutional presence the Crown could promote. However, similar to other regions of the empire, the trajectory of Spanish control in New Mexico was subject to local exigencies and actors, particularly the Pueblo Indians. -
A Case of Complexity in the Latin American Family
A case of complexity in the Latin American family. Tracing the Galleno Villafán history1 Lucía Galleno QUEENS UNIVERSITY OF CHARLOTTE ABSTRACT The complexity and diversity of many Latin America families create a peculiar space of real as well as phantasmagoric presences. The Latin American history draws upon multicultural and multiethnic references that are at times untraceable. Latin American families develop in this context often unaware of the constant transformation and amalgamation impacting the personal and communal consciousness. Yet memory anchors their evolutional reference and serves to create an identity. In this essay, I present a case study of family complexity and the relevance of memory in defining or forming family identity. This is the Galleno Villafán family, my family that evolved from Peruvians and immigrants. Keywords: family memories; history; heritage; generational differences. La complejidad y diversidad de muchas familias latinoamericanas ha creado un espacio particular de presencias tanto reales cómo fantasmagóricas. La historia latinoamericana se desenvuelve entre referencias multi-culturales y multi-étnicas que son a veces poco trazables. En este contexto las familias latinoamericanas se desarrollan sin muchas veces ser conscientes de los continuos procesos de transformación que impactan la conciencia personal y colectiva. La memoria ata sus referencias comunes y sirve para crear identidad. En este ensayo, presento un caso de estudio de complejidad familiar y trato de la relevancia de la memoria en definir o formar la identidad familiar. Se trata de la familia Galleno Villafán, mi familia, que se ha originado a partir de raíces peruanas y migrantes. Palabras clave: memorias de familia, historia, herencia, diferencias generacionales.