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University of Cincinnati U UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Date: 05/26/09 I, Brian Backscheider , hereby submit this original work as part of the requirements for the degree of: Master of Community Planning in College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning. It is entitled: Corporate Social Responsibility in the City: A Case Study of Cincinnati, Ohio Student Signature: Brian Backscheider This work and its defense approved by: Committee Chair: Charles Ellison Carla Chifos Terry Grundy Approval of the electronic document: I have reviewed the Thesis/Dissertation in its final electronic format and certify that it is an accurate copy of the document reviewed and approved by the committee. Committee Chair signature: Charles Ellison Corporate Social Responsibility in the City: A Case Study of Cincinnati, Ohio A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Community Planning In the Department of Planning of the College of Design, Architecture, Art & Planning 2009 By Brian Backscheider B.S. in Civil Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 2007 B.A. in Mathematics, Capital University, 2007 Chair: Dr. Charles Ellison Member: Dr. Carla Chifos Reader: Terry Grundy ABSTRACT Over the past thirty years many urban areas of the United States have seen significant declines caused by disinvestment related to growth outside of the regional core. While many businesses have followed the population shift to the suburbs, many major corporations remain in the center city. These corporations have the assets and influence to have a significant impact on the redevelopment of these declining urban areas. A concurrent trend during the past thirty years has been a recognition of the responsibility of companies to address societal ills. This ideology is commonly referred to as corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR transforms a corporation’s ability to improve its city into a responsibility to take an active role in that change. To understand the application of CSR in a depressed urban area, the city of Cincinnati was studied. Despite a long and significant population loss in the city, many of the largest companies in the region maintain a strong presence in the city’s urban core. Nine Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in downtown Cincinnati as well as many of the area’s largest employers. Fifteen of Cincinnati’s largest corporations were studied to determine how corporations are fulfilling their community involvement expectations. Furthermore, the study analyzes how these efforts compare with contemporary urban best practices for community involvement. The study concludes by identifying Cincinnati’s best practices, which serve as models for other companies locally and nationally. iii iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Ellison for advising my thesis, and always providing a unique, thought provoking, and often entertaining perspective on my work. I would also like to thank Terry Grundy who took the time to painstakingly comb through 180 pages of my writing to make sure my work would meet the expectations of the English Speaking Union. Also thank you to Diane Weidner and Anne Watson (American Financial), Cynthia Godby (Chiquita), Brian Keating (Cincinnati Bell), Rachelle Caldwell (Duke Energy), Crystal Washington (E.W. Scripps), and Heidi Jark (Fifth Third) whose expertise, enthusiasm and assistance enabled my thesis to become fully realized. Personally, I must thank my friends and family who have always supported me and were overwhelmingly supportive and understanding of my hermitage while I finished this study. Last, but not least, Windnie, I must thank you for your continued encouragement (including the stern advice I often needed), assistance, support and understanding. v Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 The problem ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Rationale, significance, or need for the study .................................................................................... 2 Theoretical framework for the proposed study................................................................................... 2 Statement of the problem.................................................................................................................... 2 Elements, hypotheses, theories, or research questions to be investigated .......................................... 3 Delimitation and limitations of the study ........................................................................................... 3 Definition of terms ............................................................................................................................. 5 Large/Major Corporation ................................................................................................................ 5 Corporate Social Responsibility ..................................................................................................... 6 Review of the literature .......................................................................................................................... 7 Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility Theory ....................................................................... 7 Forming a Lexicon ......................................................................................................................... 7 A More Complete Perspective ........................................................................................................ 8 Recent Trends ................................................................................................................................. 9 Corporate Social Responsibility in Practice ..................................................................................... 10 A Legacy of Corporate Community Involvement ........................................................................ 10 Contemporary urban best practices .............................................................................................. 13 Corporate Social Responsibility Evaluation ..................................................................................... 18 Trends ........................................................................................................................................... 18 Community Involvement .............................................................................................................. 19 Critique of the validity of appropriate theory and research literature .............................................. 20 Summary of what is known and unknown about CSR ..................................................................... 21 The contribution this study will make to the literature ..................................................................... 21 Research procedures ............................................................................................................................. 22 Research methodology ..................................................................................................................... 22 Specific procedures .......................................................................................................................... 23 Instrumentation ................................................................................................................................. 24 Company Profiles ................................................................................................................................. 26 American Financial Group ............................................................................................................... 27 Chiquita Brands International ........................................................................................................... 35 Cincinnati Bell .................................................................................................................................. 41 Convergys ......................................................................................................................................... 49 Delta Air Lines ................................................................................................................................. 57 Duke Energy Corporation................................................................................................................. 62 vi E.W. Scripps ..................................................................................................................................... 70 Fifth Third Bancorp .......................................................................................................................... 78 Kroger Company ............................................................................................................................. 87 Macy’s, Inc. ...................................................................................................................................... 96 National City Corporation .............................................................................................................. 105 Procter & Gamble ........................................................................................................................... 113 Staffmark .......................................................................................................................................
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