TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

Zootaxa 3669 (4): 597–600 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3669.4.11 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FF856AF9-55C3-45E0-BE40-793F4AA7600D

Type specimens of Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862 (Aves: Motacillidae)

JIŘÍ MLÍKOVSKÝ1, SYLKE FRAHNERT2 & VLADIMIR M. LOSKOT3 1Department of Zoology, National Museum, Václavské náměstí 68, CZ-115 79 Praha 1, Czechia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Ornithology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya naberezhnaya 1, RU-199034 Sankt- Peterburg, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

Berthelot’s Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862a, an endemic to Macaronesia (see e.g. García-Talavera Casañas 1999 for this term), is closely related to the widespread Palearctic Anthus campestris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Alström & Mild 1993; Arctander et al. 1996; Illera et al. 2007; Voelker 1999a,b). Carl August Bolle (1821–1909), German traveler and naturalist, visited Macaronesia in 1851–1853 and again in 1856–1857 (Salinger & Strehlow 1891; see also Bolle 1854a,b, 1857, 1858a,b, 1862a,b). He described Anthus berthelotii in two papers (Bolle 1862a,b), providing a morphological description of the species and referring to several authors who, he believed, recorded the same species under different names. However, he did not mention specific specimen(s) or collection(s) at which he had studied Anthus specimens. Thus, we restudied the original description of Anthus berthelotii to identify its type series. Material and methods. Current nomenclature and follows Dickinson (2003), but see below for comments. The Gregorian calendar is used throughout this paper (Mlíkovský 2010). Museum acronyms are as follows: AMNH = American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA; ZIN = Zoologičeskij Institut Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk [Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences], St. Petersburg, Russia; ZMB = Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Germany; ZSM = Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Germany. The original description. Bolle (1862a,b) described the species Anthus berthelotii twice under the same name and apparently on the basis of the same type series. The first paper, written in German, was signed by Bolle in Berlin on 26 June 1862 and appeared in the September 1862 issue of the Journal für Ornithologie (Bolle 1862a). The other paper, written in French, was signed by Bolle a few days later, on 1 July 1862, and appeared in the October 1862 issue of the Ibis (Bolle 1862b). A comparison of the German and French texts shows that the French text is an abbreviated translation of the German text. This conclusion is supported by the fact that Bolle finished the German text on 26 June and the French text on 1 July. Nevertheless, neither the German nor the French text includes any mention of the other version and both must be regarded as independent papers in the sense of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999; hereafter the ‘Code’). The September issue of the Journal für Ornithologie includes data from 7 August 1862 (Schauer 1862: 398) and advertises two German ornithological meetings to be held on 29 September and 30 September 1862, respectively (Anonymous 1862: 399). This indicates that this issue was published after 7 August and before 29 September 1862. There is no indication that the October issue of the Ibis was published before October 1862. Hence, the description of Anthus berthelotii in the Journal für Ornithologie has precedence. Consequently, Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862b is a junior homonym and a junior objective synonym of Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862a. The type series. Bolle (1862a) did not specify which specimen(s) of his new Anthus berthelotii he had examined, although he provided a detailed morphological description and gave some measurements (presumably taken from a single specimen). The size and extent of the type series of Anthus berthelotii is thus a priori unknown. We analyzed Bolle's (1862a,b) texts and searched museum collections for potential syntypes with the following results. Bolle's specimens from 1851–1853: It is unknown how many A. berthelotii specimens Bolle collected during his visit to the Canary Islands in 1851–1852 (he mentioned that they were very common; Bolle 1854a: 455), but only one has survived: ZMB 16427 (collected on Gran Canaria; other data unknown). This is undoubtedly a syntype of Anthus berthelotii.

Accepted by P. Rasmussen: 17 Apr. 2013; published: 10 Jun. 2013 597 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

Bolle's specimens from 1856–1857: Bolle (1857: 288) mentioned that he examined a large number of specimens of A. berthelotii during his visit to the Canary Islands in 1856. These specimens qualify as syntypes, but all Bolle's collections from 1856 perished in the sea during a shipment to Berlin (Voss 2012). Kittlitz's specimen: Friedrich Heinrich von Kittlitz (1799–1874) briefly visited the Canary Islands on 3–15 November 1826 (Kittlitz 1836: 242–243). During his visit, he collected a single Anthus specimen on 15 November 1826 near Santa Cruz de Teneriffe, island of Teneriffe. He described the specimen in some detail and indicated that it might represent a new species (Kittlitz 1858: 46). Bolle (1862a: 357) reprinted this paragraph from Kittlitz 1858 (see Bolle 1862b: 347 for its French translation), confirmed that Kittlitz's description was correct, credited Kittlitz with discovery of the species and explicitly included Kittlitz's specimen in the new Anthus berthelotii. Kittlitz's specimen is extant (ZIN 93511) and undoubtedly belongs to the type series of Anthus berthelotii (Art. 72.4.1 of the Code). This specimen was given by Kittlitz to the ZIN in April 1830 (Kittlitz 1830). Bahr's specimen: Heinrich Christian Theodor Bahr (1823–1869), a German physician who lived in Madeira (Sarmiento et al. 2012), collected a specimen of Anthus berthelotii in Madeira in 1851 and sent it to the ZMB, where it is still deposited (ZMB 2000/15894). This specimen was in Berlin when Bolle was describing Anthus berthelotii, but there is no evidence that he saw it. Instead, Bolle (1862a: 359–360, 1862b: included Madeira in the range of Anthus berthelotii only tentatively, on the basis of reports published by Harcourt (1853: 58) and White & Johnson (1857: 260). We thus conclude that specimen ZMB 2000/15894 does not belong to the type series of Anthus berthelotii. Webb et al. (1842: 16–17) listed Anthus trivialis Linnaeus, 1758 as a common of all the Canary Islands. Bolle (1862a: 357, 1862b: 343) suggested that they meant Anthus berthelotii. Neither Webb et al. (1842) nor Bolle (1862a,b) mentioned any specimens or individuals. The records by Webb et al. (1842) thus do no not enrich the type series of Anthus berthelotii. Taxonomic treatment: According to Bolle (1862a,b), Anthus berthelotii is widespread in the Canary Islands, ranging from the island of Fuerteventura (his "Fuertaventura") in the east to the island of Hierro (his "Ferro") in the west. Hartert (1905: 271) recognized the population of the island of Madeira as a separate subspecies Anthus berthelotii madeirensis Hartert, 1905, and Tschusi and Polatzek (in Polatzek 1908: 191) considered that the islands of Fuerteventura, Lanzarote and Graciosa are inhabited by a separate subspecies, which they named Anthus berthelotii lanzaroteae Tschusi & Polatzek in Polatzek, 1908. Their opinion was opposed by Hartert (1921: 2094). Currently, most authors recognize two subspecies of Anthus berthelotii: A .b. berthelotii from the Canary Islands and A. b.madeirensis from the island of Madeira (e.g. Vaurie 1959: 64; Vaurie et al. 1960: 153; Dickinson 2003: 744; Tyler 2004: 75), but morphological and molecular differences between these populations are negligible, so Alström and Mild (2003) suggested that Anthus berthelotii should be treated as monotypic. Bolle (1862a,b) described the species from the islands of Gran Canaria, Teneriffe and other (?) unspecified islands in the Canary group. Current taxonomic treatment of Anthus berthelotii indicates that all of the syntypes belong to a single form. We thus consider a designation of a lectotype unnecessary and we treat all specimens from the type series as syntypes. Taxonomic list: Below we present a list of the nominal taxa from the Anthus berthelotii complex together with their type specimens.

Anthus berthelotii Bolle Anthus Berthelotii Bolle, 1862a: 357. Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862b: 343. NOW: Anthus berthelotii berthelotii Bolle, 1862a (Vaurie 1959: 64; Vaurie et al. 1960: 153; Dickinson 2003: 744; Tyler 2004: 755) or Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862a (Alström & Mild 2003; no subspecies recognized). SYNTYPE: ZMB 16427, unsexed, collected by Bolle in 1851–1852 on the island of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. SYNTYPE: ZIN 93511, unsexed, collected by Kittlitz on 15 November 1826 near Santa Cruz de Teneriffe, island of Teneriffe, Canary Islands. REMARKS: The type series of Anthus berthelotii consisted of a (much) larger number of specimens, but most were lost before they reached the European continent (see above).

Anthus berthelotii madeirensis Hartert Anthus berthelotii madeirensis Hartert, 1905: 271. NOW: Anthus berthelotii madeirensis Hartert, 1905 (Vaurie 1959: 64; Vaurie et al. 1960: 153; Dickinson 2003: 744; Tyler 2004: 755) or Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862a (Alström & Mild 2003; no subspecies recognized).

598 · Zootaxa 3669 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press MLÍKOVSKÝ ET AL. TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

HOLOTYPE: AMNH 572615, ad. F, collected by William Robert Ogilvie-Grant on 20 February 1903 on Casa do Poizo, island of Madeira (LeCroy 2003: 50). REMARKS: See also Hartert (1919: 168) for the holotype.

Anthus berthelotii lanzaroteae Tschusi & Polatzek in Polatzek Anthus berthelotii lanzaroteae Tschusi & Polatzek in Polatzek, 1908: 191. NOW: Anthus berthelotii berthelotii Bolle, 1862a (Vaurie 1959: 64; Vaurie et al. 1960: 153; Dickinson 2003: 744; Tyler 2004: 755) or Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862a (Alström & Mild 2003; no subspecies recognized). HOLOTYPE: ZSM A-1492, unsexed, collected by Johann Polatzek on 21 April 1902 on the island of Lanzarote (SysTax 2013).

Acknowledgments

JM was supported during the preparation of this paper by project the project NAKI (DF12P01OVV021) of the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. We thank Mary LeCroy (American Museum of Natural History, New York) and Richard C. Banks National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.) for comments on our manuscript.

References

Alström, P. & Mild, K. (1993) Taxonomic status of Anthus berthelotii. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 113, 88–92. Alström, P. & Mild, K. (2003) and . Princeton University Press, Princeton, 496 pp. Anonymous (1862) Nachrichten. Journal für Ornithologie, 10, 399. Arctander, P., Folmer, O. & Fjeldså, J. (1996) The phylogenetic relationships of Berthelot's Pipit Anthus berthelotii illustrated by DNA sequence data, with remarks on the genetic distance between Rock and Water Pipits Anthus spinoletta. Ibis, 138, 263–272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1996.tb04338.x Bolle, C. (1854a) Bemerkungen über die Vögel der canarischen Inseln. Journal für Ornithologie, 2, 447–462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02002327 Bolle, C. (1854b) Die Palmen auf den canarischen Inseln. Bonplandia, 2, 270–277. Bolle, C. (1857) Mein zweiter Beitrag zur Vogelkunde der canarischen Inseln. Journal für Ornithologie, 5, 258–292, 305–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02006710 Bolle, C. (1858a) Der wilde Canarienvogel, eine Biographie. Journal für Ornithologie, 6, 125–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02004600 Bolle, C. (1858b) Nachträgliches, in Betreff der Ornis der canarischen Inseln. Journal für Ornithologie, 6, 225–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02334156 Bolle, C. (1862a): Anthus Berthelotii, eine neue Pieperart. Journal für Ornithologie, 10, 357–360. [Signed in Berlin on 26 June 1862.] Bolle, C. (1862b) Sur l'Anthus des Canaries reconnu comme espèce nouvelle et nommé Anthus berthelotii. Ibis, 4, 343– 348. [Signed in Berlin on 1 July 1862.] Dickinson, E.C. (Ed., 2003) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the of the World. 3rd rev. ed. Christopher Helm, London, 1039 pp. García-Talavera Casañas, F. (1999) La Macaronesia: consideraciones geológicas, biogeográficas y paleoecológicas. In: Fernández-Palacios, J. M., Bacallado Aránega, J. J. & Belmonte Avilés J. A. (Eds): Ecología y cultura en Canarias. Museo de la Ciencia y el Cosmos, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, pp. 39–64. Harcourt, E.V. (1853) Notice of the birds of Madeira. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (2) 12, 58–63. Hartert, E. (1905) Die Vögel der Paläarktischen Fauna. Vol. 1 (Part 3). R. Friedländer und Sohn, Berlin, pp. 241–384. Hartert, E. (1919) Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection. I. Corvidae to Meliphagidae. Novitates Zoologicae, 26, 123–178. Hartert, E. (1921) Die Vögel der Paläarktischen Fauna. Vol. 3 (Part 3). R. Friedländer und Sohn, Berlin, pp. 2021–2148. ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th ed. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp.

TYPE SPECIMENS OF ANTHUS BERTHELOTII BOLLE Zootaxa 3669 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 599 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

Illera, J.C., Emerson, B.C. & Richardson, D.S. (2007) Population history of Berthelot’s Pipit, colonization, gene flow and morphological divergence in Macaronesia. Molecular Ecology, 16, 4599–4612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03543.x Kittlitz, F.H. von (1830) Verzeichniß sämtlicher zu Bälgen preparirter Thiere, die durch Unterzeichneten der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften sind übergeben worden. Unpublished manuscript, deposited in the Department of Ornithology, Institute of Zoology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sankt-Peterburg. Kittlitz, F.H. von (1836) Observations zoologiques faites pendant l’expédition de la corvette Le Séniavine. In: Postels, A. (Ed): Voyage autour du Monde Exécuté par Ordre de sa Majesté l’Empereur Nicolas Ier, sur la Corvette Le Séniavine , dans les Années 1826, 1827, 1828 et 1829, par Frédéric Lutké, Capitaine de Vaisseau, Aide-de-camp de S.M. l’Empereur, Commandant de l’Expédition. Vol. 3: Les travaux de MM les Naturalistes. Firmin Didot Frères, Paris, pp. 237–330. Kittlitz, F.H. von (1858) Denkwürdigkeiten einer Reise nach dem russischen Amerika, nach Mikronesien und durch Kamtschatka. Vol. 1. Justus Perthes, Gotha, xvi + 463 pp. LeCroy, M. (2003) Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 5. Passeriformes: Alaudidae, Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Campephagidae, Pycnonotidae, Irenidae, Laniidae, Vangidae, Bombycillidae, Dulidae, Cinclidae, Troglodytidae, and Mimidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 278, 1–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2003)278%3C0001:TSOBIT%3E2.0.CO;2 Mlíkovský, J. (2010) Interpreting dates in ornithology. In: Louette, M., Cael, G. & Tavernier, W. (Eds) Proceedings of the Sixth European Bird Curators Meeting. – Journal of Afrotropical Zoology, Special Issue, 61–64. Polatzek, J. (1908) Die Vögel der Canaren [cont.]. Ornithologisches Jahrbuch, 19, 161–197. Salinger, S. & Strehlow, H. (1991) The travels of Carl Bolle to the Cape Verde and the Canary Islands. Archives of Natural History, 18, 251–254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1991.18.2.251 Sarmiento, M., Batista, J.J. & Gutiérrez, E. (2012) Estudios e impresiones de Hermann Schacht sobre vegetación y población de Canarias y Madeira a mediado del siglo XIX. Centro de la Cultura Popular Canaria, Tenerife, 248 pp. Schauer, E. (1862) Tagebuch-Notizen, während eines ornithologischen Ausflugs auf der hohen Tatra, in den Monaten Juli und August 1861. Journal für Ornithologie, 10, 392–399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02005306 SysTax (2013) Anthus berthelotii lanzarotae Tschusi & Polatzek, 1908. – http://www.biologie.uni-ulm.de/cgi-bin/ herbar.pl?herbid=136381&sid=T&lang=d (Accessed 14 January 2013) Tyler, S.J. (2004) Family Motacillidae (pipits and wagtails). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D. (Eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 9. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 686–786. Vaurie, C. (1959) The Birds of the Palearctic Fauna. Passeriformes. H. F. & G. Witherby, London, xii + 762 pp. Vaurie, C., White, C.M.N., Mayr, E. & Greenway, J.C., Jr. (1960) Family Motacillidae. In: Mayr, E. & Greenway, J.C., Jr. (Eds): Check- of the World. Vol. 9. Museum of Comparative Zoölogy. Cambridge, MA, pp. 129–167. Voelker, G. (1999a) Molecular evolutionary relationships in the avian Anthus (Pipits: Motacillidae). and Evolution, 11, 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1998.0555 Voelker, G. (1999b) Dispersal, vicariance, and clocks: historical biogeography and speciation in a cosmopolitan genus (Anthus: Motacillidae). Evolution, 53, 1356–1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2640899 Voss, G. (2012) Die Kanarische Fibel: aus Deutschen Schriften 1777–1965. epubli, Berlin, unpaginated. Webb, P.B., Berthelot, S. & Moquin-Tandon, A. (1842) Ornithologie canarienne. In: Webb, P.B. & Berthelot, S. (Eds) Histoire Naturelle des Iles Canaries. Vol. 2 (2). Béthune, Paris, pp. 1-48. White, R. & Johnson, I.Y. (1857) Madeira, its Climate and Scenery. Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, xv + 338. [We have examined the second printing from 1860.]

600 · Zootaxa 3669 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press MLÍKOVSKÝ ET AL.