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Type Specimens of Anthus Berthelotii Bolle, 1862 (Aves: Motacillidae)

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Type Specimens of Anthus Berthelotii Bolle, 1862 (Aves: Motacillidae) TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Zootaxa 3669 (4): 597–600 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3669.4.11 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FF856AF9-55C3-45E0-BE40-793F4AA7600D Type specimens of Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862 (Aves: Motacillidae) JIŘÍ MLÍKOVSKÝ1, SYLKE FRAHNERT2 & VLADIMIR M. LOSKOT3 1Department of Zoology, National Museum, Václavské náměstí 68, CZ-115 79 Praha 1, Czechia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Ornithology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya naberezhnaya 1, RU-199034 Sankt- Peterburg, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Berthelot’s Pipit Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862a, an endemic to Macaronesia (see e.g. García-Talavera Casañas 1999 for this term), is closely related to the widespread Palearctic Anthus campestris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Alström & Mild 1993; Arctander et al. 1996; Illera et al. 2007; Voelker 1999a,b). Carl August Bolle (1821–1909), German traveler and naturalist, visited Macaronesia in 1851–1853 and again in 1856–1857 (Salinger & Strehlow 1891; see also Bolle 1854a,b, 1857, 1858a,b, 1862a,b). He described Anthus berthelotii in two papers (Bolle 1862a,b), providing a morphological description of the species and referring to several authors who, he believed, recorded the same species under different names. However, he did not mention specific specimen(s) or collection(s) at which he had studied Anthus specimens. Thus, we restudied the original description of Anthus berthelotii to identify its type series. Material and methods. Current nomenclature and taxonomy follows Dickinson (2003), but see below for comments. The Gregorian calendar is used throughout this paper (Mlíkovský 2010). Museum acronyms are as follows: AMNH = American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA; ZIN = Zoologičeskij Institut Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk [Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences], St. Petersburg, Russia; ZMB = Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Germany; ZSM = Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Germany. The original description. Bolle (1862a,b) described the species Anthus berthelotii twice under the same name and apparently on the basis of the same type series. The first paper, written in German, was signed by Bolle in Berlin on 26 June 1862 and appeared in the September 1862 issue of the Journal für Ornithologie (Bolle 1862a). The other paper, written in French, was signed by Bolle a few days later, on 1 July 1862, and appeared in the October 1862 issue of the Ibis (Bolle 1862b). A comparison of the German and French texts shows that the French text is an abbreviated translation of the German text. This conclusion is supported by the fact that Bolle finished the German text on 26 June and the French text on 1 July. Nevertheless, neither the German nor the French text includes any mention of the other version and both must be regarded as independent papers in the sense of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999; hereafter the ‘Code’). The September issue of the Journal für Ornithologie includes data from 7 August 1862 (Schauer 1862: 398) and advertises two German ornithological meetings to be held on 29 September and 30 September 1862, respectively (Anonymous 1862: 399). This indicates that this issue was published after 7 August and before 29 September 1862. There is no indication that the October issue of the Ibis was published before October 1862. Hence, the description of Anthus berthelotii in the Journal für Ornithologie has precedence. Consequently, Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862b is a junior homonym and a junior objective synonym of Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862a. The type series. Bolle (1862a) did not specify which specimen(s) of his new Anthus berthelotii he had examined, although he provided a detailed morphological description and gave some measurements (presumably taken from a single specimen). The size and extent of the type series of Anthus berthelotii is thus a priori unknown. We analyzed Bolle's (1862a,b) texts and searched museum collections for potential syntypes with the following results. Bolle's specimens from 1851–1853: It is unknown how many A. berthelotii specimens Bolle collected during his visit to the Canary Islands in 1851–1852 (he mentioned that they were very common; Bolle 1854a: 455), but only one has survived: ZMB 16427 (collected on Gran Canaria; other data unknown). This is undoubtedly a syntype of Anthus berthelotii. Accepted by P. Rasmussen: 17 Apr. 2013; published: 10 Jun. 2013 597 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Bolle's specimens from 1856–1857: Bolle (1857: 288) mentioned that he examined a large number of specimens of A. berthelotii during his visit to the Canary Islands in 1856. These specimens qualify as syntypes, but all Bolle's collections from 1856 perished in the sea during a shipment to Berlin (Voss 2012). Kittlitz's specimen: Friedrich Heinrich von Kittlitz (1799–1874) briefly visited the Canary Islands on 3–15 November 1826 (Kittlitz 1836: 242–243). During his visit, he collected a single Anthus specimen on 15 November 1826 near Santa Cruz de Teneriffe, island of Teneriffe. He described the specimen in some detail and indicated that it might represent a new species (Kittlitz 1858: 46). Bolle (1862a: 357) reprinted this paragraph from Kittlitz 1858 (see Bolle 1862b: 347 for its French translation), confirmed that Kittlitz's description was correct, credited Kittlitz with discovery of the species and explicitly included Kittlitz's specimen in the new Anthus berthelotii. Kittlitz's specimen is extant (ZIN 93511) and undoubtedly belongs to the type series of Anthus berthelotii (Art. 72.4.1 of the Code). This specimen was given by Kittlitz to the ZIN in April 1830 (Kittlitz 1830). Bahr's specimen: Heinrich Christian Theodor Bahr (1823–1869), a German physician who lived in Madeira (Sarmiento et al. 2012), collected a specimen of Anthus berthelotii in Madeira in 1851 and sent it to the ZMB, where it is still deposited (ZMB 2000/15894). This specimen was in Berlin when Bolle was describing Anthus berthelotii, but there is no evidence that he saw it. Instead, Bolle (1862a: 359–360, 1862b: included Madeira in the range of Anthus berthelotii only tentatively, on the basis of reports published by Harcourt (1853: 58) and White & Johnson (1857: 260). We thus conclude that specimen ZMB 2000/15894 does not belong to the type series of Anthus berthelotii. Webb et al. (1842: 16–17) listed Anthus trivialis Linnaeus, 1758 as a common bird of all the Canary Islands. Bolle (1862a: 357, 1862b: 343) suggested that they meant Anthus berthelotii. Neither Webb et al. (1842) nor Bolle (1862a,b) mentioned any specimens or individuals. The records by Webb et al. (1842) thus do no not enrich the type series of Anthus berthelotii. Taxonomic treatment: According to Bolle (1862a,b), Anthus berthelotii is widespread in the Canary Islands, ranging from the island of Fuerteventura (his "Fuertaventura") in the east to the island of Hierro (his "Ferro") in the west. Hartert (1905: 271) recognized the population of the island of Madeira as a separate subspecies Anthus berthelotii madeirensis Hartert, 1905, and Tschusi and Polatzek (in Polatzek 1908: 191) considered that the islands of Fuerteventura, Lanzarote and Graciosa are inhabited by a separate subspecies, which they named Anthus berthelotii lanzaroteae Tschusi & Polatzek in Polatzek, 1908. Their opinion was opposed by Hartert (1921: 2094). Currently, most authors recognize two subspecies of Anthus berthelotii: A .b. berthelotii from the Canary Islands and A. b.madeirensis from the island of Madeira (e.g. Vaurie 1959: 64; Vaurie et al. 1960: 153; Dickinson 2003: 744; Tyler 2004: 75), but morphological and molecular differences between these populations are negligible, so Alström and Mild (2003) suggested that Anthus berthelotii should be treated as monotypic. Bolle (1862a,b) described the species from the islands of Gran Canaria, Teneriffe and other (?) unspecified islands in the Canary group. Current taxonomic treatment of Anthus berthelotii indicates that all of the syntypes belong to a single form. We thus consider a designation of a lectotype unnecessary and we treat all specimens from the type series as syntypes. Taxonomic list: Below we present a list of the nominal taxa from the Anthus berthelotii complex together with their type specimens. Anthus berthelotii Bolle Anthus Berthelotii Bolle, 1862a: 357. Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862b: 343. NOW: Anthus berthelotii berthelotii Bolle, 1862a (Vaurie 1959: 64; Vaurie et al. 1960: 153; Dickinson 2003: 744; Tyler 2004: 755) or Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862a (Alström & Mild 2003; no subspecies recognized). SYNTYPE: ZMB 16427, unsexed, collected by Bolle in 1851–1852 on the island of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. SYNTYPE: ZIN 93511, unsexed, collected by Kittlitz on 15 November 1826 near Santa Cruz de Teneriffe, island of Teneriffe, Canary Islands. REMARKS: The type series of Anthus berthelotii consisted of a (much) larger number of specimens, but most were lost before they reached the European continent (see above). Anthus berthelotii madeirensis Hartert Anthus berthelotii madeirensis Hartert, 1905: 271. NOW: Anthus berthelotii madeirensis Hartert, 1905 (Vaurie 1959: 64; Vaurie et al. 1960: 153; Dickinson 2003: 744; Tyler 2004: 755) or Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862a (Alström & Mild 2003; no subspecies recognized). 598 · Zootaxa 3669 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press MLÍKOVSKÝ ET AL. TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.
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