July 20, 2020 Dear National Lawmakers, As You Consider a New

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

July 20, 2020 Dear National Lawmakers, As You Consider a New July 20, 2020 Dear National Lawmakers, As you consider a new package of aid to support the nation during the ongoing COVID- 19 pandemic, now is an appropriate time for the federal government to consider economic research carefully in order to provide well-targeted, significant relief to state governments and to individuals experiencing economic hardship. Support for state budgets, and for safety net programs, most notably funding for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and for Unemployment Insurance, are wise ways to do this. Unlike the federal government, most states cannot issue debt to support operating expenses. Economic theory and history show that significant state and local government spending cuts can exacerbate recessions and weaken recoveries. Facing dramatically reduced tax revenues, states and localities will be forced to cut budgets for essential programs that support health, education, public safety, and public transportation, and that reduce poverty and hardship — unless federal support is provided. Cutting state budgets is pro-cyclical, that is to say, it removes spending from the economy at a time when private sector demand is already reduced, making a robust recovery more difficult. Providing funds to states is a wise investment to hasten recovery. SNAP and Unemployment Insurance provide food and funds to individuals and families in need. This funding, too, can contribute to a more rapid recovery, since low-income individuals are likely to spend new resources immediately, fostering economic activity. And, of course, these programs directly help individuals in need. State Unemployment Insurance funds have been dramatically depleted, while SNAP benefits have never been high enough to fully address food insecurity, and are especially inadequate in the current context. Evidence indicates that the effects of COVID-19 fall hardest on Black and Latinx communities, and other people of color, as well as people with pre-existing health conditions, and people in poverty. These measures would provide some important relief. A robust recovery package should address these issues with significant funds. Henry Aaron Jacob Bastian Bruce and Virginia MacLaury Senior Assistant Professor of Economics Fellow Rutgers University The Brookings Institution Swati Bhatt Daron Acemoglu Lecturer Institute Professor Princeton University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alan Blinder Jacqueline Agesa Professor of Economics and Public Professor Affairs Marshall University Princeton University Randy Albelda Barry A. Bluestone Professor of Economics Professor Emeritus of Public Policy and University of Massachusetts Boston Urban Affairs Northeastern University Elizabeth Oltmans Ananat Associate Professor of Economics Peter Bohmer Barnard College, Columbia University Faculty Emeritus in Economics and Political Economy Michael Ash The Evergreen State College Professor of Economics & Public Policy University of Massachusetts Amherst Leah Boustan Professor of Economics Nahid Aslanbeigui Princeton University Professor of Economics Monmouth University Elissa Braunstein Professor and Chair of the Department Ron Baiman of Economics Associate Professor of Economics Colorado State University Benedictine University Nancy Brooks Radhika Balakrishnan Visiting Associate Professor Professor Cornell University Rutgers University Clair Brown Nina Banks Professor Associate Professor of Economics University of California Berkeley Bucknell University Christopher Brown Christopher B. Barrett Professor of Economics Stephen B. & Janice G. Ashley Professor Arkansas State University of Applied Economics and Management Cornell University John Philip Burkett Professor of Economics University of Rhode Island Gary Burtless Janet Currie Senior Fellow, Economic Studies Professor of Economics and Public Brookings Institution Affairs Princeton University Oriol Carbonell-Nicolau Professor Sheldon Danziger Rutgers University Distinguished University Professor of Public Policy Emeritus Christopher Carpenter University of Michigan E. Bronson Ingram Professor of Economics Willard Delavan Vanderbilt University Associate Professor of Economics Lebanon Valley College Howard Chernick Professor of Economics Emeritus J. Bradford DeLong Hunter College and the Graduate Professor Center, City University of NY University of California Berkeley Menzie D. Chinn Peter Diamond Professor of Public Affairs and Institute Professor Emeritus Economics Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of Wisconsin, Madison William Theodore Dickens Kimberly E. Christensen University Distinguished Professor Economics Professor Northeastern University Sarah Lawrence College Ranjit S. Dighe Nathaniel Cline Professor Associate Professor State University of New York at Oswego University of Redlands Peter Doeringer Dorothy Sue Cobble Professor of Economics Emeritus Distinguished Professor Boston University Rutgers University Laura Dresser Richard D. Coe Associate Director, COWS, Assistant Professor of Economics Clinical Professor, Social Work New College of Florida University of Wisconsin Madison Sean P. Corcoran Matthew Kraft Associate Professor of Public Policy and Associate Professor of Education and Education Economics Vanderbilt University Brown University Amitava Krishna Dutt Professor University of Notre Dame Steven Fazzari John Golden Bert A. and Jeanette L. Lynch Professor Associate Professor of Economics of Economics and Sociology Allegheny College Washington University in St. Louis Michael Goodman Deborah M. Figart Professor of Public Policy Distinguished Professor of Economics UMass Dartmouth Stockton University Neva Goodwin Robert Forrant Distinguished Fellow Distinguished University Professor of Economics in Context Initiative, Boston History University University of Massachusetts Lowell Gene Grossman Ellen Frank Jacob Viner Professor of Economics and Senior Lecturer International Affairs University of Massachusetts-Boston Princeton University Gerald Friedman Darrick Hamilton Professor of Economics Executive Director of the Kirwan University of Massachusetts at Amherst Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity James Galbraith Ohio State University Lloyd M. Bentsen Jr. Chair in Government/Business Relations Douglas Harris LBJ School of Public Affairs, The Professor and Chair of Economics University of Texas at Austin Tulane University John Gallup Oliver Hart Associate Professor of Economics Lewis P. and Linda L. Geyser University Portland State University Professor Harvard University Irwin Garfinkel Professor Carolyn Heinrich School of Social Work Columbia Patricia and Rodes Hart Professor of University Public Policy, Education and Economics Vanderbilt University Teresa Ghilarducci Professor Harry J. Holzer The New School LaFarge SJ Professor of Public Policy Georgetown University Lonnie Golden Professor Economics and Labor-Human Saul H. Hymans Resources Professor of Economics & Statistics, Penn State University (Abington) Emeritus, Dept of Economics University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Kenneth Jameson Yolanda K. Kodrzycki Professor Emeritus VP and Director, New England Public University of Utah Policy Center (retired) Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Paul Andrew Jargowsky Professor and Director, Center for Timothy Koechlin Urban Research and Education Director, International Studies Program Rutgers University Vassar College William G. Johnson Ebru Kongar Professor Emeritus, Founder Center for Professor of Economics Health Information & Policy Dickinson College Arizona State University Laurence Kotlikoff Harry Katz Professor of Economics Jack Sheinkman Professor Boston University Cornell University Kate Krause Lawrence Katz Emerita Professor Elisabeth Allison Professor of University of New Mexico Economics Harvard University Adriana Kugler Professor of Public Policy and Haider A. Khan Economics Distinguished University Professor Georgetown University University of Denver Edith Kuiper Mary C. King Associate Professor Professor of Economics Emerita State University of New York at New Portland State University Paltz Marieka Klawitter Kevin Lang Professor of Public Policy and Professor of Economics Governance Boston University University of Washington Ronald Lee Michael Klein Professor of Demography and William L. Clayton Professor of Economics, Emeritus International Economic Affairs, Fletcher University of California, Berkeley School, Tufts University Paul Leigh James Knickman Health Economics Professor Emeritus Robert Derzon Chair of Health and UC Davis Public Affairs, Emeritus New York University Victor D. Lippit Professor of Economics Emeritus University of California, Riverside David B. Lipsky Katherine A. Moos Anne Evans Estabrook Professor of Assistant Professor of Economics Dispute Resolution Emeritus University of Massachusetts Amherst Cornell University Julie A. Nelson Mark Long Emeritus Professor of Economics Professor of Public Policy and University of Massachusetts Boston Governance University of Washington Robert Noland Distinguished Professor Catherine Lynde Rutgers University Associate Professor, Retired University of Massachusetts Boston Jennifer Olmsted Professor of Economics and Director of Arthur MacEwan the Social Entrepreneurship Semester Professor Emeritus of Economics Drew University University of Massachusetts Boston Paul Osterman Bernard Malamud Professor Emeritus Professor of Economics Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of Nevada, Las Vegas Amanda Page-Hoongrajok Julie Matthaei Assistant Professor Professor Emeritus of Economics
Recommended publications
  • Economic Choices
    ECONOMIC CHOICES Daniel McFadden* This Nobel lecture discusses the microeconometric analysis of choice behavior of consumers who face discrete economic alternatives. Before the 1960's, economists used consumer theory mostly as a logical tool, to explore conceptually the properties of alternative market organizations and economic policies. When the theory was applied empirically, it was to market-level or national-accounts-level data. In these applications, the theory was usually developed in terms of a representative agent, with market-level behavior given by the representative agent’s behavior writ large. When observations deviated from those implied by the representative agent theory, these differences were swept into an additive disturbance and attributed to data measurement errors, rather than to unobserved factors within or across individual agents. In statistical language, traditional consumer theory placed structural restrictions on mean behavior, but the distribution of responses about their mean was not tied to the theory. In the 1960's, rapidly increasing availability of survey data on individual behavior, and the advent of digital computers that could analyze these data, focused attention on the variations in demand across individuals. It became important to explain and model these variations as part of consumer theory, rather than as ad hoc disturbances. This was particularly obvious for discrete choices, such as transportation mode or occupation. The solution to this problem has led to the tools we have today for microeconometric analysis of choice behavior. I will first give a brief history of the development of this subject, and place my own contributions in context. After that, I will discuss in some detail more recent developments in the economic theory of choice, and modifications to this theory that are being forced by experimental evidence from cognitive psychology.
    [Show full text]
  • Entry for Daniel Mcfadden in the New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics 1
    Entry for Daniel McFadden in the New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics 1. Introduction Daniel L. McFadden, the E. Morris Cox Professor of Economics at the University of Cali- fornia at Berkeley, was the 2000 co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics, awarded “for his development of theory and methods of analyzing discrete choice.” 1 McFadden was born in North Carolina, USA in 1937 and received a B.S. in Physics from the University of Minnesota (with highest honors) in 1956, and a Ph.D. degree in Economics from Minnesota in 1962. His academic career began as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Pittsburgh. In 1963 he was appointed as assistant professor of economics at the University of California at Berkeley, and tenured in 1966. He has also held tenured appointments at Yale (as Irving Fisher Research Professor in 1977), and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (from 1978 to 1991). In 1990 he was awarded the E. Morris Cox chair at the University of California at Berkeley, where he has also served as Department Chair and as Director of the Econometrics Laboratory. 2. Research Contributions McFadden is best known for his fundamental contributions to the theory and econometric methods for analyzing discrete choice. Building on a highly abstract, axiomatic literature on probabilistic choice theory due to Thurstone (1927), Block and Marschak (1960), and Luce (1959) and others in a literature that originated in mathematical psychology, McFadden developed the econometric methodology for estimating the utility functions underlying probabilistic choice theory. McFadden’s primary contribution was to provide the econometric tools that permitted widespread practical empirical application of discrete choice models, in economics and other disciplines.
    [Show full text]
  • ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓ ΡΑΦΙΑ Bibliography
    Τεύχος 53, Οκτώβριος-Δεκέμβριος 2019 | Issue 53, October-December 2019 ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓ ΡΑΦΙΑ Bibliography Βραβείο Νόμπελ στην Οικονομική Επιστήμη Nobel Prize in Economics Τα τεύχη δημοσιεύονται στον ιστοχώρο της All issues are published online at the Bank’s website Τράπεζας: address: https://www.bankofgreece.gr/trapeza/kepoe https://www.bankofgreece.gr/en/the- t/h-vivliothhkh-ths-tte/e-ekdoseis-kai- bank/culture/library/e-publications-and- anakoinwseis announcements Τράπεζα της Ελλάδος. Κέντρο Πολιτισμού, Bank of Greece. Centre for Culture, Research and Έρευνας και Τεκμηρίωσης, Τμήμα Documentation, Library Section Βιβλιοθήκης Ελ. Βενιζέλου 21, 102 50 Αθήνα, 21 El. Venizelos Ave., 102 50 Athens, [email protected] Τηλ. 210-3202446, [email protected], Tel. +30-210-3202446, 3202396, 3203129 3202396, 3203129 Βιβλιογραφία, τεύχος 53, Οκτ.-Δεκ. 2019, Bibliography, issue 53, Oct.-Dec. 2019, Nobel Prize Βραβείο Νόμπελ στην Οικονομική Επιστήμη in Economics Συντελεστές: Α. Ναδάλη, Ε. Σεμερτζάκη, Γ. Contributors: A. Nadali, E. Semertzaki, G. Tsouri Τσούρη Βιβλιογραφία, αρ.53 (Οκτ.-Δεκ. 2019), Βραβείο Nobel στην Οικονομική Επιστήμη 1 Bibliography, no. 53, (Oct.-Dec. 2019), Nobel Prize in Economics Πίνακας περιεχομένων Εισαγωγή / Introduction 6 2019: Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer 7 Μονογραφίες / Monographs ................................................................................................... 7 Δοκίμια Εργασίας / Working papers ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Iseo Summerschool 2013-Leaflet
    I.S.E.O SUMMER SCHOOL IN ECONOMICSECONOMICS–––– 11th editionedition---- with 3 Nobel Laureates in Economics : Robert Engle, James Mirrlees, Mike Spence 14/21 June 2014 Iseo, Italy “Shaping the Future: Towards a Sustainable Global Eonomy” LEARN ECONOMICS FROM NOBEL LAUREATES The I.S.E.O international Summer School aims at bringing to- gether a large number of graduate students coming from the most important international universities to improve their knowledge in economics. Classes will be held by 3 Nobel Laureates for Economic Sci- ences ( Robert Engle, James Mirrlees and Michael Spence) and well-known economists. R.SOLOW AT ISEO SUMMERSCHOOL2008 The I.S.E.O. Summer School deepens several aspects of global economy , investigating the role of different Countries in the M.SPENCE AT ISEO SUMMERSCHOOL 2009 international economic scenario. Every year it focuses on topi- cal themes, such as the changing structure of global economy, advanced and emerging markets, the strategies and instru- ments of monetary policy, the structure and mechanisms of the financial sector, with a particular focus on growth, the wel- fare state and unemployment. Every lesson includes a theoretical lecture and an open debate between the participants and the speakers on the discussed topics. Classes take place in a hotel conference center in Iseo , Brescia G.AKERLOF AT ISEO SUMMERSCHOOL 2010 (Northern Italy ). The official language of the course is English . The Institute will organize some trips to some of the most beautiful corners of Northern Italy, such as Venice. At the end of the course students will also receive an attendance certifi- cate. The atmosphere of the Summer School is really stimulating : participants have the chance to meet and discuss with col- leagues coming from all over the world and, in addition, they can share free time with the speakers and the Nobels.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideological Profiles of the Economics Laureates · Econ Journal Watch
    Discuss this article at Journaltalk: http://journaltalk.net/articles/5811 ECON JOURNAL WATCH 10(3) September 2013: 255-682 Ideological Profiles of the Economics Laureates LINK TO ABSTRACT This document contains ideological profiles of the 71 Nobel laureates in economics, 1969–2012. It is the chief part of the project called “Ideological Migration of the Economics Laureates,” presented in the September 2013 issue of Econ Journal Watch. A formal table of contents for this document begins on the next page. The document can also be navigated by clicking on a laureate’s name in the table below to jump to his or her profile (and at the bottom of every page there is a link back to this navigation table). Navigation Table Akerlof Allais Arrow Aumann Becker Buchanan Coase Debreu Diamond Engle Fogel Friedman Frisch Granger Haavelmo Harsanyi Hayek Heckman Hicks Hurwicz Kahneman Kantorovich Klein Koopmans Krugman Kuznets Kydland Leontief Lewis Lucas Markowitz Maskin McFadden Meade Merton Miller Mirrlees Modigliani Mortensen Mundell Myerson Myrdal Nash North Ohlin Ostrom Phelps Pissarides Prescott Roth Samuelson Sargent Schelling Scholes Schultz Selten Sen Shapley Sharpe Simon Sims Smith Solow Spence Stigler Stiglitz Stone Tinbergen Tobin Vickrey Williamson jump to navigation table 255 VOLUME 10, NUMBER 3, SEPTEMBER 2013 ECON JOURNAL WATCH George A. Akerlof by Daniel B. Klein, Ryan Daza, and Hannah Mead 258-264 Maurice Allais by Daniel B. Klein, Ryan Daza, and Hannah Mead 264-267 Kenneth J. Arrow by Daniel B. Klein 268-281 Robert J. Aumann by Daniel B. Klein, Ryan Daza, and Hannah Mead 281-284 Gary S. Becker by Daniel B.
    [Show full text]
  • Front Matter," Behavioral Simulation Methods in Tax Policy Analysis"
    This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Behavioral Simulation Methods in Tax Policy Analysis Volume Author/Editor: Martin Feldstein, ed. Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-24084-3 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/feld83-2 Publication Date: 1983 Chapter Title: Front matter, "Behavioral Simulation Methods in Tax Policy Analysis" Chapter Author: Martin S. Feldstein Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c7702 Chapter pages in book: (p. -12 - 0) This Page Intentionally Left Blank Behavioral Simulation Methods in Tax Policy Analysis A National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report Behavioral Simulation Methods in Tax Policy Analysis Edited by Martin Feldstein The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London MARTINFELDSTEIN is professor of economics, Harvard University (on leave). He was formerly president of the National Bureau of Economic Research and is currently chairman, Council of Eco- nomic Advisers. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London 0 1983 by the National Bureau of Economic Research All rights reserved. Published 1983 Printed in the United States of America 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Behavioral simulation methods in tax policy analysis. (A National Bureau of Economic Research project report) Includes indexes. 1 .Taxation-United States-Simulation methods-Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Fiscal policy-United States-Simulation methods-Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Feldstein, Martin S. 11. Series: Project report (National Bureau of Economic Research) HJ2381.B4 1983 339.5'25'0724 82-21766 ISBN 0-226-24084-3 National Bureau of Economic Research Officers Eli Shapiro, chairman David G.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Data Engineering*
    Economic Data Engineering Andrew Capliny Draft: May 2016 Abstract How economics advances will depend on how it contributes to next generation data sets and on how open it is to profound shifts in the land- scape of measurement. Scienti…c and technological advance is driving explosive growth in measurement possibilities. This opens up new vistas for economic theory. This paper outlines the co-evolutionary approach to economics and data that is economic data engineering. It is organized around two basic constructs: beliefs and preferences. It illustrates how data engineering crosses boundaries within and between disciplines. 1 Introduction How economics advances will depend on how it contributes to next genera- tion data sets. It will depend equally on how open and aware the …eld is of profound shifts in the landscape of measurement. This paper outlines the co-evolutionary approach to advancing economics and data that is economic data engineering. Need for such engineering derives from both “push”factors Draft for Journal of Economic Literature. Thanks to Joseph Briggs, Ann Caplin, Olivia Caplin, David Cesarini, Daniel Csaba, Mark Dean, Steve Durlauf, Srijita Ghosh, Mateusz Giezek, Paul Glimcher, Daniel Martin, Filip Matejka, Chris Tonetti, Ruth Wyatt, and Cecilia Wyatt for their valuable contributions. yCenter for Experimental Social Science and Department of Economics, New York Uni- versity. Email: [email protected] 1 associated with the limits of standard behavioral data, and “pull”factors re- lated to ongoing scienti…c and technological advance. This is driving explosive growth in measurement possibilities. By maintaining contact with the expand- ing borders of feasible measurement, data engineering can open up entire new vistas for economic theory and applied economics.
    [Show full text]
  • Solow Vs. Solow: Notes on Identification and Interpretation in the Empirics of Growth and Development*
    Solow vs. Solow: Notes on Identification and Interpretation in the Empirics of Growth and Development* by Erich Gundlach Kiel Institute for World Economics revised, October 2004 forthcoming in: Review of World Economics (2005) *Parts of this paper were presented at DEGIT VI in Vienna and at DEGIT VII in Cologne. I would like to thank conference participants, an anonymous referee and, without implicating, Oded Galor, Bjarne S. Jensen, David Mayer, and Robert M. Solow for constructive comments on an earlier version. ABSTRACT Most empirical studies of long run growth refer to one of the two seminal contributions by Robert Solow (1956, 1957). His work shows that in order to estimate the relative roles of factor accumulation and technology in development, an a priori identification assumption is needed about the nature of technical change. This specific assumption differs across the two Solow papers. I show that starting with the identification assumption made in Solow (1956), one should expect to find that differences in technology rather than differences in factor accumulation explain most if not all of the observed long-run differences in output per worker. The opposite interpretation appears to prevail in parts of the recent literature on the empirics of growth. 1. Introduction Understanding the long run growth rate of an economy is of central importance to national policy makers, and understanding the vast international differences in the level of output per worker is of central importance for devising effective development policies. Most empirical studies in these fields refer to one of the two seminal contributions by Robert Solow (1956, 1957), which discuss the role of factor accumulation and technical change in long-run growth and development.
    [Show full text]
  • B I L 2010 Bocconi Lecture 2010 Esther Duflo
    EiSitàAtEconomia e Società Aperta BiBocconi Lecture 2010 Esther Duflo MhttMassachusetts ItittInstituteof ThTechno logy Education … the best of France and the best of the United States 1994 Ecole Normale Supérieure 1995 Delta, Paris 1999 PhD in Econom ics, MIT Career 1999 Successful job market, career started at MIT 2001 Tenured professor at age 29 Now Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics, MIT ¾Founder and director of Jameel Poverty Action Lab ¾Visiting Professor at Princeton --- CEPR and NBER Research Fellow Honors and Awards 2010 John Bates Clark Medal 2009 MacArthur Fellowship 2008 Internat iona l cha ir “Know le dge aggygainst Poverty”, College de France 2005 Best French Young Economist Prize 2003 Ela ine Bennet Pr ize from AEA April 2010 … Ricardo Caballero, MIT chair, says • “We are extremely happy for Esther and MIT” • “She has bilbuilt one of the most successflful academic careers I can recall in recent times while making a huge difference for the poor around the world.” 1947 PAUL SAMUELSON 1957 KENNETH ARROW 1961 ROBERT SOLOW 1967 GARY BECKER 1975 DANIEL MCFADDEN 1979 JOSEPH STIGLITZ John Bates 1981 MICHAEL SPENCE 1983 JAMES HECKMAN Clark Medal 1989 DAVID KREPS 1991 PAUL KRUGMAN 2005 DARON ACEMOGLU 2008 SUSAN ATHEY 2009 EMMANUEL SAEZ 2010 ESTHER DUFLO Motivation ¾ Esther Duflo has distinguished herself through definitive contributions to the field of Development Economics ¾ Through her research, mentoring of young scholars, and role in helping to direct the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab at MIT, she has played a major role in setting a new agenda for the field of Development Economics, one that focuses on microeconomic issues and relies heavily on large-scale field experiments ¾ Much of her work addresses questions of politics, gender, and education.
    [Show full text]
  • 4D SX WDT Daniel Mcf
    Before the COPYRIGHT ROYALTY BOARD LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Washington, DC _______________________________________ ) In the Matter of ) ) DETERMINATION OF RATES AND TERMS ) Docket No. 14-CRB-0001-WR FOR DIGITAL PERFORMANCE IN SOUND ) RECORDINGS AND EPHEMERAL ) RECORDINGS (WEB IV) ) ) TESTIMONY OF DANIEL L. MCFADDEN Emeritus Professor of Economics University of California at Berkeley and Presidential Professor of Health Economics University of Southern California I. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 II. Assignment ..........................................................................................................................2 III. Summary of Findings ...........................................................................................................2 IV. Overview of Conjoint Methodology ....................................................................................4 V. Survey Design and Administration ......................................................................................7 Double Blind Design..............................................................................................13 Introductory/Screener Questions ...........................................................................13 Rotation of Answer Options ..................................................................................14 Incentive Alignment ...............................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • A Natural Experiment of the Prisoner's Dilemma
    FRIEND OR FOE? A NATURAL EXPERIMENT OF THE PRISONER’S DILEMMA John A. List* Abstract—This study examines data drawn from the game show Friend or tale: teams are endogenously determined, and players work Foe? which is similar to the classic prisoner’s dilemma tale: partnerships are endogenously determined, and players work together to earn money, together to earn money, after which the agents play a after which they play a one-shot prisoner’s dilemma game over large one-short prisoner’s dilemma game over large stakes— stakes: varying from $200 to (potentially) more than $22,000. The data varying from $200 to (potentially) more than $22,000. An reveal several interesting insights; perhaps most provocatively, they sug- gest that even though the game is played in front of an audience of added advantage of these data is that they provide a test of millions of viewers, some of the evidence is consistent with a model of whether, and to what extent, social discrimination is prac- discrimination. The observed patterns of social discrimination are unan- ticed.2 ticipated, however. Several interesting findings emerge. First, in the series of observed shows, thousands of dollars were left on the table: I. Introduction in nearly 25% of the 117 games, both players chose not to cooperate, resulting in a net loss of nearly $100,000. In HE prisoner’s dilemma has become the classic example roughly 25% of the cases both players cooperated. Second, Tof the theory of strategy and its implications for pre- stakes are not found to be a significant determinant of play, dicting the behavior of players.
    [Show full text]
  • Econometricsq
    Greene-2140242 book November 4, 2010 14:20 1 ECONOMETRICSQ 1.1 INTRODUCTION This book will present an introductory survey of econometrics. We will discuss the fun- damental ideas that define the methodology and examine a large number of specific models, tools and methods that econometricians use in analyzing data. This chapter will introduce the central ideas that are the paradigm of econometrics. Section 1.2 defines the field and notes the role that theory plays in motivating econometric practice. Sec- tion 1.3 discusses the types of applications that are the focus of econometric analyses. The process of econometric modeling is presented in Section 1.4 with a classic application, Keynes’s consumption function. A broad outline of the book is presented in Section 1.5. Section 1.6 notes some specific aspects of the presentation, including the use of numer- ical examples and the mathematical notation that will be used throughout the book. 1.2 THE PARADIGM OF ECONOMETRICS In the first issue of Econometrica, Ragnar Frisch (1933) said of the Econometric Society that its main object shall be to promote studies that aim at a unification of the theoretical-quantitative and the empirical-quantitative approach to economic problems and that are penetrated by constructive and rigorous thinking similar to that which has come to dominate the natural sciences. But there are sev- eral aspects of the quantitative approach to economics, and no single one of these aspects taken by itself, should be confounded with econometrics. Thus, econometrics is by no means the same as economic statistics. Nor is it identical with what we call general economic theory, although a considerable portion of this theory has a definitely quantitative character.
    [Show full text]