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Rebeca Grynspan, Enrique V Idea y producción: Casa de América. Textos: António Guterres, Mariano Rajoy, Alfonso Dastis, Cristina Cifuentes, Manuela Carmena, Fernando García-Casas, Santiago Miralles, Rebeca Grynspan, Enrique V. Iglesias, Julio María Sanguinetti, Alicia Bárcena, Luis Guillermo Solís, José Ángel Gurría, Michelle Bachelet, María Eugenia Brizuela de Ávila, Héctor E. Sánchez-Barba, Myrna Cunningham, Christiana Figueres, Pía Carazo, Andrés Oppenheimer, Mario Tascón, Alejando Ramos, Fernando Iwasaki, Reyes Mate, Gustavo Guerrero, Jorge Edwards, Guillermo Heras, Fernando Pérez, José María Vitier, Patricia Phelps de Cisneros y Ramón Gutiérrez. Diseño gráfico y maquetación: Custodia Cárceles López. Fotografías: Archivo Casa de América y las aportadas por algunos autores. Impresión: Aries Grupo de comunicación. ©Edición AECID, Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo; Catálogo general de publicaciones oficiales de la Administración General del Estado; https://publicacionesoficiales.boe.es NIPO: 502-17-069-8 D.L: M-24669-2017 Esta publicación ha sido posible gracias a la Cooperación Española a través de la Agencia de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). El contenido de la misma no refleja necesariamente la postura de la AECID. MINISTERIO DE ASUNTOS EXTERIORES Y DE COOPERACIÓN Índice Mensaje de S.M. el Rey Don Felipe VI Pag. 7 Saludo de António Guterres, secretario general de Naciones Unidas Pag. 9 Saludos de los miembros del Consorcio de la Casa de América: n Alfonso María Dastis Quecedo, ministro de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación Pag. 13 n Cristina Cifuentes Cuencas, presidenta de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid Pag. 15 n Manuela Carmena Castrillo, alcaldesa de Madrid Pag. 17 Introducción: La Casa de América cumple 25 años Pag. 21 Artículos: 1. Casa de América: 25 años de una empresa común Mariano Rajoy, presidente del Gobierno de España Pag. 27 2. “Contigo aprendí” 25 años de relaciones iberoamericanas, y su futuro Fernando García Casas, secretario de Estado de Cooperación Internacional y para Iberoamérica y el Caribe Pag. 29 3. 25 años de cumbres Iberoamericanas: una mirada al futuro Rebeca Grynspan, secretaria general iberoamericana Pag. 41 4. Coyuntura internacional y cooperación iberoamericana Enrique V. Iglesias, primer secretario general iberoamericano Pag. 57 5. La democracia en perspectiva Julio María Sanguinetti, expresidente de la República Oriental del Uruguay Pag. 67 6. América Latina en la nueva economía global Alicia Bárcena, secretaria ejecutiva de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) Pag. 77 7. Innovación y creatividad en la gestión pública: desafíos para el impulso del emprendimiento juvenil Luis Guillermo Solís, presidente de la República de Costa Rica Pag. 97 8. Educando para la inclusión en Iberoamérica José Ángel Gurría, secretario general de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) Pag. 105 9. La situación de la mujer en América Latina: 25 años de luces y sombras Michelle Bachelet, presidenta de la República de Chile Pag. 121 10. Flujos migratorios y movimientos sociales: una visión iberoamericana contemporánea María Eugenia Brizuela, exministra de la República de El Salvador Pag. 135 4 11. Estados Unidos y la comunidad latina: realidades, desafíos y oportunidades para un futuro 25 Años Casa de América más diverso e inclusivo Héctor E. Sánchez Barba, presidente de la Federación de Asociaciones Hispanas en EEUU Pag. 151 12. El Fondo para el Desarrollo Indígena de América Latina y el Caribe: Hacia la construcción de relaciones paritarias entre Estados y Pueblos Indígenas Myrna Cunningham, presidenta del Fondo para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas de América Latina y el Caribe (FILAC) Pag. 169 13. Avances en acción climática en América Latina y el Caribe Christiana Figueres, secretaria ejecutiva de la Convención Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) y Pía Carazo, experta en derecho internacional público Pag. 181 14. El desafío latinoamericano: crear o morir Andrés Oppenheimer, periodista y escritor del Miami Herald Pag. 197 15. Nada es lo que parecía: Internet ha configurado un nuevo ecosistema de información Mario Tascón, periodista, especialista en medios digitales, redes sociales y nuevas narrativas Pag. 209 16. Medios latinoamericanos, en la era de la incertidumbre Alejandro Ramos, director general de la Agencia de Noticias del Estado Mexicano (NOTIMEX) Pag. 225 17. Del Estado-nación al estado de la nación. Una mirada historiográfica Fernando Iwasaki, escritor y ensayista, profesor de la Universidad de Loyola de Andalucía Pag. 235 18. El futuro del pensar en español está en su pasado Reyes Mate, profesor de Investigación ad honorem del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) en el Instituto de FilosofíaPag. 247 19. Tiempo, poesía y poética de las últimas décadas Gustavo Guerrero, profesor de Literatura y Cultura Hispanoamericanas Contemporáneas Pag. 261 20. Narradores de un cuarto de siglo Jorge Edwards, escritor Pag. 279 21. La excelencia del teatro latinoamericano actual Guillermo Heras, director de escena, autor y gestor cultural Pag. 287 22. Mar adentro: 25 años de cine latinoamericano Fernando Pérez, guionista y director de cine Pag. 299 23. Variaciones en torno al tema del imaginario sonoro latinoamericano José María Vitier, compositor, director y pianista Pag. 309 24. Arte latinoamericano para el mundo Patricia Phelps de Cisneros, coleccionista de arte y filántropa enfocada en arte contemporáneo y modernismo latinoamericano Pag. 323 25. Nuevos encuentros y reflexiones en la arquitectura iberoamericana. (1992-2017) Ramón Gutiérrez, Arquitecto y secretario del Centro de Documentación de Arquitectura Latinoamericana (CEDODAL) Pag. 335 5 X Congreso Iberoamericano de Periodismo, 2015 Mensaje de Su Majestad el Rey Don Felipe VI, Presidente de Honor del Alto Patronato de la Casa de América 25 Años Casa de América Al inicio de la década de los noventa España propició un lugar de encuentro que sirviese para acompañar el proceso de las Cumbres Iberoamericanas, que entonces comenzaban su andadura. La Cultura en todas sus manifestaciones se hermanó en la Casa de América con las actividades institucionales y con el análisis de la situación del Continente hermano. Se trataba así de impulsar los contactos y el conocimiento mutuo entre las Naciones de nuestra Comunidad, y de disponer en la capital de España de un lugar desde el que difundir y compartir la gran diversidad de la realidad americana. Gracias a la confluencia de muchos factores, entre los que destacan los movimientos sociales y migratorios, la vitalidad de nuestras manifestaciones culturales, la expansión empresarial, la multiplicación de los intercambios a través de las nuevas tecnologías y, por supuesto, la colaboración de los Gobiernos, hemos logrado aproximar aún más, durante este cuarto de siglo, las dos orillas del Atlántico, al tiempo que hemos hecho que las relaciones iberoamericanas sean más ricas, densas y sólidas. La fibra americana de nuestra identidad como españoles es ahora más vigorosa y está mejor definida. La Corona, fiel a su vocación americana, siempre ha apoyado estos avances y en todo momento ha querido propiciar el mejor clima de entendimiento y colaboración entre nuestras Naciones. Y la Casa de América, que ahora cumple su vigésimo quinto aniversario con la satisfacción de haber llevado a cabo la tarea que se le encomendó y con el compromiso ético e institucional de seguir adelante, ha contribuido con eficacia a ese empeño. Esto es algo que he tenido ocasión de comprobar personalmente durante años cuando he visitado esa institución por múltiples motivos, bien en la inauguración de exposiciones como la dedicada recientemente a las raíces españolas de los Estados Unidos, o en Congresos y en Entregas de Premios como los Iberoamericanos de Periodismo o el Bartolomé de Las Casas. Igualmente, en otras muchas ocasiones como los seminarios sobre los recursos naturales de un Continente que abarca los Andes, la Amazonía o el acuífero guaraní, referentes de nuestra biodiversidad que debemos saber preservar en el contexto del cambio climático. Asimismo, en reuniones y debates sobre temas económicos, culturales y de cooperación. En definitiva, con esta Casa el pulso de América late con fuerza en el corazón de Madrid. Expreso, por tanto, mi felicitación más afectuosa en su aniversario y mis mejores deseos para que continúe siendo el espacio abierto, dinámico y renovador que requieren las inagotables posibilidades de Iberoamérica, una parte esencial de nuestro planeta llamada a desempeñar, cada vez más, un papel decisivo en la configuración del mundo del mañana. X Congreso Iberoamericano de Periodismo, 2015 7 © Gabinete del secretario general de Naciones Unidas 8 Saludo de António Guterres Secretario general de Naciones Unidas Es para mí un gran honor poder participar en la conmemoración del 25º aniversario de nuestra Casa de América, 25 Años Casa de América inaugurada en 1992. La Casa de América ha recibido a presidentes, economistas, escritores, sociólogos y artistas de todos los rincones del continente americano. Se ha convertido en un punto de referencia para el diálogo entre ambos lados del Atlántico y en una institución pionera en la diplomacia pública. Como primer ministro de Portugal y como alto comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados, he tenido ocasión de contemplar por mí mismo la labor de la Casa de América para fomentar las relaciones de amistad entre los pueblos de Iberoamérica. Hoy, la Casa
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