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Macrobenthos of the Ob Bay and Adjacent Kara Sea Shelf

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Macrobenthos of the Ob Bay and Adjacent Kara Sea Shelf See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276242569 Macrobenthos of the Ob Bay and adjacent Kara Sea shelf Article in Polar Biology · June 2015 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-014-1642-3 CITATIONS READS 19 305 3 authors, including: Andrey A. Vedenin S. V. Galkin P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 47 PUBLICATIONS 190 CITATIONS 133 PUBLICATIONS 924 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Functional patterns of macrobenthic communities in the Fram Strait, Arctic Ocean View project Non-vent fauna of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge View project All content following this page was uploaded by S. V. Galkin on 05 June 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-014-1642-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Macrobenthos of the Ob Bay and adjacent Kara Sea shelf Andrey A. Vedenin • Sergey V. Galkin • Vladislav V. Kozlovskiy Received: 11 April 2014 / Revised: 29 December 2014 / Accepted: 30 December 2014 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract The southeastern part of Kara Sea is a highly area of the brackish-water and the marine complexes dynamic area influenced by freshwater masses of Ob and demonstrated the gradual transition. Salinity, correlated Yenisei rivers. It is possible to estimate the annual changes with the temperature, was the most important environ- of bottom communities in such areas by studying the mental factor influencing the benthic communities along temporal and spatial distribution of benthic organisms. In the Ob Bay. The other factors were the sediment structure the previous studies of the same areas, the communities and depth. differing essentially in the composition and abundance were described mainly due to the different sampling Keywords Kara sea Á Ecology of benthic communities Á methods employed and possible temporal changes in the estuaries macrobenthos. The aims of this study were to redescribe the benthic communities in the area of the Ob Bay and the adjacent Kara Sea shelf by using trawl and grabs, to Introduction compare the results obtained with these gears with each other and to reveal the environmental factors influencing The Kara Sea is characterized by a number of unique the macrobenthos. Samples were taken along the transect hydrological peculiarities that distinguish it from other from the northern half of the Ob Bay to the central part of polar seas. Two biggest Siberian Rivers, the Ob and Yen- the Kara Sea. Total biodiversity generally increased toward isei, flow into the Kara Sea causing a substantial decrease the open shelf regions. The data obtained only partly in salinity in the upper sea layer. These rivers discharge confirmed the previously recorded trend of gradual sub- about 30 % of the total annual arctic rivers runoff. The stitution of crustacean communities by communities dom- other significant features of the Kara Sea are the strong inated by bivalves and echinoderms. Three community seasonality in the solar regime and in the sea ice-cover and complexes were distinguished in the studied area—the the inflow of the warmer Atlantic waters from the north freshwater, the brackish-water and the marine. The contact (Schauer et al. 2002; Deubel et al. 2003). The history of the Kara Sea investigations begins with the expedition of Nordenskjøld on the whaler ‘‘Vega’’ in Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00300-014-1642-3) contains supplementary 1878–1879. The first general description of the sea and the material, which is available to authorized users. overview of the previous scientific expeditions were first published by Pergament (1944), and after that by Zenke- & A. A. Vedenin ( ) Á S. V. Galkin Á V. V. Kozlovskiy vich (1963). The first scientific expedition after the World P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovsky Pr., 36, Moscow 117997, Russia War II was realized only in 1975 on the RV ‘‘Vychegda.’’ e-mail: [email protected] The results about the benthic communities, species distri- S. V. Galkin bution and biogeography were published by Antipova and e-mail: [email protected] Semenov (1989). The most intense investigations in the V. V. Kozlovskiy southern parts of the Kara Sea including the Ob and e-mail: [email protected] Yenisei estuaries began in the 1990 s. The major results 123 Polar Biol about the structure of benthic communities in this area there is no influence of the river runoff, the brittle star were obtained during the cruises of RV ‘‘Dalniye Zelentsy’’ Ophiocten sericeum community appears to dominate in 1991 and 1993 (Jørgensen et al. 1999; Denisenko et al. occupying the most part of the entire Kara Sea shelf 2003), RV ‘‘Dmitry Mendeleev’’ in 1993 (Galkin 1998) (Zenkevich 1963). and RV ‘‘Boris Petrov’’ in 1997, 1999 and 2000 (Deubel Despite the great number of studies carried out in the Ob et al. 2003). Bay, a lot of questions remain unsolved. Almost all pre- Benthic fauna is the most slow-reacting component to vious samples were collected either only by grabs or only environmental changes in the highly dynamic estuarine by trawls. Grabs are typically used for the quantitative ecosystem. The development rate of benthic organisms is analysis. Some authors considered the trawl samplings fit rather low; most of the species in polar estuarine regions for the quantitative evaluation by using the attached are euryhaline, slow-growing, and their lifespan varies underwater cameras or DGPS systems, but such methods from several years for polychaetes and crustaceans (Zettler appeared not enough accurate (Eleftheriou and Moore 1997; Jacobson and Sundelin 2006) to decades for mol- 2005). Therefore trawls are usually used either for quali- lusks (Skarlato 1987). Therefore it is possible to estimate tative samplings or for estimating the proportions of each the annual changes in such areas by studying temporal and taxa density and biomass. The samples collected by grabs spatial distribution of benthic species (Galkin 1998). and trawls significantly differ in the species composition, One of the most significant factors that determine the and therefore the occurrence of different communities at structure of benthic communities in estuaries is salinity. the same places was often reported. Grabs usually under- Different studies conducted in the estuarine regions show estimate the role of large-sized and rare species, while that species diversity increases together with salinity when trawls may underestimate the role of small-sized abundant going off from the river mouths (Remane 1934; Zenkevich species. The main reason for this difference is the unequal 1963; Antipova and Semenov 1989; Denisenko et al. 1999, sampling area of the two gears (Galkin 1998; Galkin et al. 2003). The lowest diversity is observed in the brackish- 2010). water area (\5 psu). Khlebovich (1974) suggests the The first aim of our work was to study the macrobenthos salinity level of 5–8 psu to be critical as species diversity structure of the Ob Bay and the adjacent Kara Sea shelf by decreases rapidly within this range of salinity (Khlebovich using both trawl and grabs. We defined the bottom com- 1974; Khlebovich and Komendantov 1997). In addition, munities in the studied area and compared our data from some shallow-water zones of the Arctic estuaries may grabs with the data from trawls. In order to estimate the freeze to the seabed, which results in the destruction of possible temporal changes in the macrobenthos, we com- benthic fauna (Zenkevich 1963). The rate of sedimentation pared our results with the previous studies in this region. In observed in the mouth of Siberian Rivers is high, which addition, we studied the correlation of the macrobenthos apparently influences the benthic fauna (Lisitzin 1994; distribution with the influence of the different environ- Shevchenko et al. 1997; Gaye et al. 2007). As an example, mental factors to determine which of the factors are the the terrestrial organic carbon accumulation in the area of most significant. The second aim of our work was to use a the Yenisei estuary decreases more than 30 times when special approach to describe benthic communities. Tradi- going off from the river mouth toward the central Kara Sea tionally the faunal associations are analyzed in relation to (Gaye et al. 2007). The other factors influencing benthos in abundance and biomass (Jørgensen et al. 1999). We used in both estuarine and marine communities are depth, sediment addition the so-called metabolic (respiration) species rate structure (Jørgensen et al. 1999), chemical parameters of (Alimov 1979) as a main criterion for the community the near-bottom water and underwater currents (Zenkevich description and as a base for statistical analysis. 1963; Semionov 1989). The latter factor is usually difficult to measure, but its presence may be indirectly confirmed by Study area the dominance of sestonophagous species (Thistle et al. 1985) or by the structure of sediments (Allen 1984). The Kara Sea is one of the polar seas lying between Novaja There is a trend of gradual substitution of communities Zemlja where it borders the Barents Sea and Severnaja in the area of the Kara Sea estuaries. The inner parts of the Zemlja where it borders the Laptev Sea. The investigated Ob and Yenisei Bays are mainly populated by a crustacean area included the Ob Bay, which spreads over a thousand community (amphipods Pontoporeia spp. and isopods kilometer from approximately 66°Nto73°N, and the Saduria entomon). Further north, several species of bivalve adjacent part of the Kara Sea shelf. The region of the Ob dominate, especially Portlandia arctica (Lubina 2000; Bay and adjacent shelf is one of the best studied in the Kara Denisenko et al. 2003; Galkin et al. 2010). Further out from Sea.
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