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(22.01.1930 – 20.09.2016) Vitautas Leonovich KONTRIMAVICHUS

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(22.01.1930 – 20.09.2016) Vitautas Leonovich KONTRIMAVICHUS Витаутас Леонович КонтримаВичус (22.01.1930 – 20.09.2016) Vitautas Leonovich KONTRIMAVICHUS Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт биологических проблем Севера Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Научно-исследовательский центр «Арктика» Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук Государственный природный заповедник «Магаданский» Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Biological Problems of the North Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Scientific Research Center "Arktika" Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences State Natural Reserve "Magadansky" Биологические проблемы Севера Материалы международной научной конференции, посвященной памяти академика В. Л. Контримавичуса (Магадан, 18–22 сентября 2018 г.) Biological Problems of the North The Materials of International Scientific Conference dedicated to Academician V. L. Kontrimavichus (Magadan, 18–22 September 2018) Магадан, 2018 Magadan, 2018 УДК 57 (1-922) (063) 612 (1-922) (063) ББК 28я 431 51.2я 431 Б 633 Ответственный редактор к. б. н. Е. В. Хаменкова. Редакционная коллегия: д. б. н., профессор РАН О. А. Радченко, к. б. н. А. В. Кондратьев, д. б. н. А. В. Андреев, к. б. н. Г. И. Атрашкевич, к. б. н. Н. А. Булахова, к. б. н. Н. А. Поспехова, к. б. н. Д. В. Соловьева, к. б. н. М. Г. Хорева, к. б. н. Е. А. Луговая, к. б. н. И. Г. Утехина. Утверждено к печати Организационным комитетом конференции. Печатается при финансовой поддержке: Федерального агентства научных организаций; Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, корпорации «Кинросс Голд». Б 633 Биологические проблемы Севера: Материалы международной научной конференции, посвященной памяти В. Л. Контримавичуса (Магадан, 18–22 сентября 2018 г.); [отв. ред. Е. В. Хаменкова]. Магадан, 2018. 514 с. ISBN 978-5-6041350-0-6 Опубликованы тезисы докладов, представленных на международной научной конференции, посвященной памяти выдающегося ученого-паразитолога, академика Витаутаса Леоновича Контримавичуса. Изложены результаты фундаментальных и прикладных исследований широкого круга биологических проблем с акцентом на арктические и субарктические территории: по паразитологии, флоре и растительности северных экосистем, физиологии и адаптациям человека к условиям Севера, биологическому разнообразию и функционированию наземных и водных экосистем. Для научных работников, преподавателей, аспирантов и студентов высших учебных заведений. © ИБПС ДВО РАН, 2018 © НИЦ «Арктика» ДВО РАН, 2018 © ГПЗ «Магаданский», 2018 Responsible editor: Сandidate of Biological Sciences E. V. Khamenkova. Editorial Board: Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of RAS O. A. Radchenko, Сandidate of Biological Sciences A. V. Kondratyev, Doctor of Biological Sciences A. V. Andreev, Сandidate of Biological Sciences G. I. Atrashkevich, Candidate of Biological Sciences N. A. Bulakhova, Сandidate of Biological Sciences N. A. Pospekhova, Сandidate of Biological Sciences D. V. Solovyovа, Candidate of Biological Sciences M. G. Khoreva, Сandidate of Biological Sciences E. A. Lugovaya, Сandidate of Biological Sciences I. G. Utekhina. Approved for printing by Organising Committee of the Conference. Printing with funding from: Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Kinross Gold Corporation. Biological Problems of the North: The Materials of International Scientific Conference, dedicated to Academiсian V. L. Kontrimavichus (Magadan, September, 18–22 2018); [ed. by E. V. Khamenkova]. Magadan, 2018. 514 p. Published proceedings of the international scientific conference devoted to the memory of the outstanding scientist- parasitologist, academician Vytautas Leonovich Kontrimavichus. The represented results of fundamental and applied researches of a wide range of biological problems, including parasitology, flora and vegetation of northern ecosystems, physiology and human adaptations to the conditions of the North, biological diversity and the functioning of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with the focus on Arctic and subarctic territories. For scientists, teachers, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions. © IBPN FEB RAS, 2018 © SRC "Arktika" FEB RAS, 2018 ISBN 978-5-6041350-0-6 © SNR "Magadanskiy", 2018 Секция 1. Паразиты жИВОтНыХ СЕВЕРНыХ экосистЕМ Section 1. PARASITES OF ANIMALS IN NORTHERN ECOSYSTEMS Biological Problems of the North. The Materials of International Scientific Conference dedicated to Academician V. L. Kontrimavichus / ed. by E. V. Khamenkova Magadan : IBPN FEB RAS, 2018. 514 p. ПАРАЗИТОФАУНА МОЛОДИ ПЕНЖИНСКОГО ОМУЛЯ COREGONUS SUBAUTUMNALIS (р. Пенжина, Камчатский край) О. Ю. Бусарова1, М. В. Коваль2 1Дальневосточный государственный технический рыбохозяйственный университет, Владивосток; е-mail: [email protected] 2Камчатский научно-исследовательский институт рыбного хозяйства и океанографии, Петропавловск-Камчатский У молоди пенжинского омуля отмечены следующие виды паразитов: миксоспо- ридии Myxobolus spр., трематоды Diplostomum sp. и Pronoprymna petrowi, немато- ды Raphidascaris acus larvae и Pseudocapillaria salvelini, скребень Echinorhynchus cotti. PARAZITOFAUNA OF THE YOUNG OF THE PENZIN OMUL COREGONUS SUBAUTUMNALIS (The Penzhina River, the Kamchatka Region) O. Y. Busarova1, M. V. Koval2 1Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University, Vladivostok; е-mail: [email protected] 2Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Following species of parasites were noted in the young of the Penzhin omul: myxo- sporeans Myxobolus spр., trematodes Diplostomum sp. and Pronoprymna petrowi, nem- atodes Raphidascaris acus larvae and Pseudocapillaria salvelini, acanthocephalan Echi- norhynchus cotti. Пенжинский омуль Coregonus subautumnalis Kaganowsky, 1932 – эндемик бас- сейнов рр. Пенжина и таловка [1], эволюционно обособившийся от одной из ран- них волн вселения сибирской ряпушки [2]. Омуль – пресноводный, озерно-речной вид, относительно малочисленный, но при этом – важный объект потребительско- го рыболовства [1]. Биология и экология этих рыб изучена достаточно хорошо [1, 3, 4, 5], при этом сведения об их паразитах отсутствуют. Поэтому целью нашей ра- боты являлось изучение паразитофауны пенжинского омуля. Река Пенжина расположена на северо-западе Камчатки и впадает в Охотское море. По площади водосбора (73 500 км2) это самая крупная река Камчатского края, ее воды принимает Пенжинская губа. эстуарию р. Пенжина свойственны экстремально высокие приливы (до 13 м) [6]. Ихтиофауна реки насчитывает 25 ви- дов, многие из которых имеют важное промысловое значение [1]. © Бусарова О. Ю., Коваль М. В., 2018 6 International Scientific Conference. Magadan, September, 18–22, 2018 Материалом для работы послужили сборы паразитов с 23 экз. омуля. Рыб от- лавливали в августе 2015 г. в 12 км от устья р. Пенжина. Рыбы были заморожены, и их дальнейшая обработка проводилась в лабораторных условиях. Паразитологиче- ское вскрытие рыб выполняли по общепринятой методике [7] с учетом специфики работы с замороженным материалом. Рыб не обследовали на наличие простейших в мускулатуре, на поверхности тела, в плавниках и жабрах. Видовую принадлеж- ность паразитов устанавливали по «Определителю паразитов пресноводных рыб СССР» [8, 9]. Средняя длина рыб составляла 7.8 см (5.0–17.5), средняя масса – 11.1 г (1.4–70.3). Всего у пенжинского омуля мы обнаружили 6 видов паразитов, относящихся к 5 классам: Myxosporеа, Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda и Acantocephala. В ткани продолговатого мозга омуля локализовались споры миксоспоридий рода Myxobolus Butschli, 1882 (ИИ = 17.4%). Рыбы являются промежуточными хозяевами миксоспоридий и заражаются ими при контакте с кольчатыми червя- ми – их дефинитивными хозяевами [10]. трематода Pronoprymna petrowi (Layman, 1930) Bray et Gibson, 1980 найдена в кишечнике омуля (ИИ = 8.7%; ИО = 0.4). Цикл паразита не известен, встречается у многих видов морских, преимуществен- но сельдевых, рыб [9]. Метацеркарии трематод рода Diplostomum Nordmann, 1832 локализовались во внутренней среде глаз омуля (ИИ = 21.7%; ИО = 0.3). Основные хозяева стрегиид – рыбоядные птицы, промежуточные хозяева – брюхоногие мол- люски, дополнительные хозяева – рыбы [11]. Личинки Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) были обнаружены на внутренних органах омуля (ИИ = 4.4%; ИО = 0.4). Де- финитивные хозяева R. acus – хищные рыбы, промежуточные – мирные рыбы (они заражаются паразитом при заглатывании яиц из среды либо при поедании беспо- звоночных), паратенические – беспозвоночные (преимущественно хирономиды), резервуарные хозяева – мальки рыб и беспозвоночные [12]. Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) salvelini (Polyansky, 1952) встречалась в кишечнике омуля (ИИ = 34.8; ИО = 0.7). Основные хозяева капилляриид – преимущественно лососе- образные рыбы, промежуточные и/или паратенические хозяева – олигохеты [13]. Скребни Echinorhynchus cotti Müller, 1776 встречались в кишечнике рыб (ИИ = 24.0; ИО = 1.5). Основные хозяева E. cotti – многие виды пресноводных рыб, про- межуточные хозяева – амфиподы [14]. Анализ содержимого желудков показал, что доминирующее значение в питании омуля имеют мизиды (45.3% от общего числа пищевых объектов), имаго амфи- биотических насекомых (26.5%), личинки хирономид (17.4%), гаммариды (8.4%), доля прочих объектов составляет 2.4%. Паразитологические данные дополняют сведения об экологической нише ому- ля. так, инвазия рыб P. salvelini и миксоспоридиями указывает на питание
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