The Army's Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV): Background And
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Projected Acquisition Costs for the Army's Ground Combat Vehicles
Projected Acquisition Costs for the Army’s Ground Combat Vehicles © MDart10/Shutterstock.com APRIL | 2021 At a Glance The Army operates a fleet of ground combat vehicles—vehicles intended to conduct combat opera- tions against enemy forces—and plans to continue to do so. Expanding on the Army’s stated plans, the Congressional Budget Office has projected the cost of acquiring such vehicles through 2050. Those projections include costs for research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) and for procurement but not the costs of operating and maintaining the vehicles. CBO’s key findings are as follows: • Total acquisition costs for the Army’s ground combat vehicles are projected to average about $5 billion per year (in 2020 dollars) through 2050—$4.5 billion for procurement and $0.5 billion for RDT&E. • The projected procurement costs are greater (in constant dollars) than the average annual cost for such vehicles from 2010 to 2019 but approximately equal to the average annual cost from 2000 to 2019 (when spending was boosted because of operations in Iraq). • More than 40 percent of the projected acquisition costs of Army ground combat vehicles are for Abrams tanks. • Most of the projected acquisition costs are for remanufactured and upgraded versions of current vehicles, though the Army also plans to acquire an Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle, which will replace the Bradley armored personnel carrier; an Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle, which will replace the M113 armored personnel carrier; and a new Mobile Protected Firepower tank, which will be lighter than an Abrams tank. • The Army is also considering developing an unmanned Decisive Lethality Platform that might eventually replace Abrams tanks. -
The Army's Future Combat System (FCS)
= -*=72>8= :9:7*=42'&9=>89*2= a= &(0,74:3)=&3)=88:*8=+47=43,7*88= 3)7*<= *.(0*79= 5*(.&1.89=.3= .1.9&7>=74:3)=47(*8= &>=,3`=,**3= 43,7*88.43&1= *8*&7(-=*7;.(*= 18/1**= <<<_(78_,4;= -,222= =*5479=+47=43,7*88 Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress -*=72>8= :9:7*=42'&9=>89*2= a=&(0,74:3)=&3)=88:*8=+47=43,7*88= = :22&7>= The Future Combat System (FCS) was a multiyear, multibillion dollar program at the heart of the Army’s transformation efforts. It is was to be the Army’s major research, development, and acquisition program consisting of 14 manned and unmanned systems tied together by an extensive communications and information network. FCS was intended to replace current systems such as the M-1 Abrams tank and the M-2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle. The FCS program has been characterized by the Army and others as a high-risk venture due to the advanced technologies involved and the challenge of networking all of the FCS subsystems together so that FCS-equipped units could function as intended. The FCS program exists in a dynamic national security environment which ultimately played a role in determining the program’s fate. Some questioned if FCS, envisioned and designed prior to September 11, 2001 to combat conventional land forces, was relevant in current and anticipated future conflicts where counterinsurgency and stabilization operations are expected to be the norm. The Army contended, however, that FCS was relevant throughout the “entire spectrum of conflict” and that a number of FCS technologies and systems were effectively used in counterinsurgency and stabilization campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan. -
The Army's M-1 Abrams, M-2/M-3 Bradley, and M-1126 Stryker: Background and Issues for Congress
The Army’s M-1 Abrams, M-2/M-3 Bradley, and M-1126 Stryker: Background and Issues for Congress (name redacted) Specialist in Military Ground Forces April 5, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44229 The Army’s M-1 Abrams, M-2/M-3 Bradley, and M-1126 Stryker Summary The M-1 Abrams Tank, the M-2/M-3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV), and the M-1126 Stryker Combat Vehicle are the centerpieces of the Army’s Armored Brigade Combat Teams (ABCTs) and Stryker Brigade Combat Teams (SBCTs). In addition to the military effectiveness of these vehicles, Congress is also concerned with the economic aspect of Abrams, Bradley, and Stryker recapitalization and modernization. Due to force structure cuts and lack of Foreign Military Sales (FMS) opportunities, Congress has expressed a great deal of concern with the health of the domestic armored combat vehicle industrial base. ABCTs and SBCTs constitute the Army’s “heavy” ground forces; they provide varying degrees of armored protection and mobility that the Army’s light, airborne (parachute), and air assault (helicopter transported) infantry units that constitute Infantry Brigade Combat Teams (IBCTs) do not possess. These three combat vehicles have a long history of service in the Army. The first M-1 Abrams Tank entered service with the Army in 1980; the M-2/M-3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle in 1981; and the Stryker Combat Vehicle in 2001. Under current Army modernization plans, the Army envisions all three vehicles in service with Active and National Guard forces beyond FY2028. There are several different versions of these vehicles in service. -
A Strategic Plan for the Crusader Howitzer
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2001-12 A strategic plan for the Crusader Howitzer. Lockard, William M. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9707 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE CRUSADER HOWITZER by William M. Lockard December 2001 Thesis Advisor: David Matthews Associate Advisor: Keith Snider Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2001 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: Title (Mix case letters) 5. FUNDING NUMBERS A Strategic Plan for the Crusader Howitzer 6. AUTHOR(S) William M. Lockard 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. -
JFQ 31 JFQ▼ FORUM Sponds to Aggravated Peacekeeping in Joint Pub 3–0
0203 C2 & Pgs 1-3 3/3/04 9:07 AM Page ii The greatest lesson of this war has been the extent to which air, land, and sea operations can and must be coordinated by joint planning and unified command. —General Henry H. (“Hap”) Arnold Report to the Secretary of War Cover 2 0203 C2 & Pgs 1-3 3/27/04 7:18 AM Page iii JFQ Page 1—no folio 0203 C2 & Pgs 1-3 3/3/04 9:07 AM Page 2 CONTENTS A Word from the Chairman 4 by John M. Shalikashvili In This Issue 6 by the Editor-in-Chief Living Jointness 7 by William A. Owens Taking Stock of the New Joint Age 15 by Ike Skelton JFQ Assessing the Bottom-Up Review 22 by Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr. JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Living Jointness JFQ FORUM Bottom-Up Review Standing Up JFQ Joint Education Coalitions Theater Missle Vietnam Defense as Military History Standing Up Coalitions Atkinson‘s Crusade Defense Transportation 25 The Whats and Whys of Coalitions 26 by Anne M. Dixon 94 W93inter Implications for U.N. Peacekeeping A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY JOURNAL 29 by John O.B. Sewall PHOTO CREDITS The cover features an Abrams main battle tank at National Training Center (Military The Cutting Edge of Unified Actions Photography/Greg Stewart). Insets: [top left] 34 by Thomas C. Linn Operation Desert Storm coalition officers reviewing forces in Kuwait City (DOD), [bottom left] infantrymen fording a stream in Vietnam Preparing Future Coalition Commanders (DOD), [top right] students at the Armed Forces Staff College (DOD), and [bottom right] a test 40 by Terry J. -
An Investigation of Aiming Point Strategies for Field Artillery Against Area Targets a T H E S I S Presented to T H E F a C
AN INVESTIGATION OF AIMING POINT STRATEGIES FOR FIELD ARTILLERY AGAINST AREA TARGETS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF GRADUATE STUDIES By LAWRENCE CARL PETERSEN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF SCIENCE IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE, 1978 INVESTIGATION OF AIMING POINT STRATEGIES FOR FIELD ARTILLERY AGAINST AREA TARGETS Approved: Dougl&i C Montgome&fy, Chairman Leslie G. Callahan ' \ r-—: —' rrv[^rpvyvrm —~ Harrison M. Wadsworth Date approved by Chairman ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to Dr. Douglas C. Montgomery who served as my advisor and provided much assistance and guidance throughout this research. I am also grateful to the other members of the reading committee, Dr. Leslie G. Callahan and Dr. Harrison M. Wadsworth. Their suggestions and observations have greatly improved this thesis. I wish to thank Mr. Keith Myers and the U.S. Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity for sponsoring the research; as well as Mr. Lonnie Minton of the Material Development Team, USAFAS, Fort Sill; Captain Allen Young of the TACFIRE Branch, Department of Combat Development, USAFAS, Fort Sill; and Mr. Merlyn Smith, BCS Technical Consultant for the Norden Division of United Technologies, for their valuable assistance. My most special thanks go to my wife, Barbara, for her patience, encouragement, and understanding during this research. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vi SUMMARY viii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 Description of the Problem Objective of the Research Scope of the Research II. LITERATURE REVIEW 6 The Coverage Problems Models III. -
EXPORTS of Military Goods
2019 EXPORTS of Military Goods www.exportcontrols.gc.ca - 0 - Table of Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... - 3 - Summary of Key Data ........................................................................................................................... - 4 - 2. Canada’s Policy on the Export and Brokering of Military Items ........................................................... - 6 - Military Goods and Technology – “Groups 2 and 9” ............................................................................ - 7 - Export and Brokering Permit Assessment Process ............................................................................... - 8 - Brokering Controls ................................................................................................................................ - 9 - Notes on the Export of Firearms ........................................................................................................ - 10 - International Cooperation on Military Trade ..................................................................................... - 11 - The Canadian Defence, Security and Aerospace Industry………………………………………………………………- 11 - 3. Developments in 2019 ....................................................................................................................... - 11 - Coming into Force of Amendments to the Export and Import Permits Act ...................................... -
(FCS) “Spin- Outs” and Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV): Background and Issues for Congress
Army Future Combat System (FCS) “Spin- Outs” and Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV): Background and Issues for Congress Andrew Feickert Specialist in Military Ground Forces Nathan Jacob Lucas Section Research Manager November 30, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32888 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Army Future Combat System (FCS) Spin-Outs and Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) Summary The Future Combat System (FCS) was a multiyear, multibillion dollar program at the heart of the Army’s transformation efforts. It was to be the Army’s major research, development, and acquisition program, consisting of 14 manned and unmanned systems tied together by an extensive communications and information network. FCS was intended to replace current systems such as the M-1 Abrams tank and the M-2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle. The FCS program has been characterized by the Army and others as a high-risk venture because of the advanced technologies involved and the challenge of networking all of the FCS subsystems together so that FCS-equipped units could function as intended. On April 6, 2009, Secretary of Defense Gates announced that he intended to significantly restructure the FCS program. The Department of Defense (DOD) would then plan to accelerate the spin out of selected FCS technologies to all brigade combat teams (BCTs). Gates also recommended cancelling the manned ground vehicle (MGV) component of the program, which was intended to field eight separate tracked combat vehicle variants built on a common chassis that would eventually replace combat vehicles such as the M-1 Abrams tank, the M-2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle, and the M-109 Paladin self-propelled artillery system. -
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018
1 115TH CONGRESS " ! REPORT 1st Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 115–200 NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2018 R E P O R T OF THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ON H.R. 2810 together with ADDITIONAL VIEWS [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] JULY 6, 2017.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed VerDate Sep 11 2014 10:45 Jul 07, 2017 Jkt 026108 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6012 Sfmt 6012 E:\HR\OC\HR200.XXX HR200 congress.#13 NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2018 VerDate Sep 11 2014 10:45 Jul 07, 2017 Jkt 026108 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 E:\HR\OC\HR200.XXX HR200 1 115TH CONGRESS " ! REPORT 1st Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 115–200 NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2018 R E P O R T OF THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ON H.R. 2810 together with ADDITIONAL VIEWS [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] JULY 6, 2017.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 26–108 WASHINGTON : 2017 VerDate Sep 11 2014 10:45 Jul 07, 2017 Jkt 026108 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 E:\HR\OC\HR200.XXX HR200 congress.#13 COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS WILLIAM M. ‘‘MAC’’ THORNBERRY, Texas, Chairman WALTER B. JONES, North Carolina ADAM SMITH, Washington JOE WILSON, South Carolina ROBERT A. -
Tm 9-3305 Technical Manual Principles of Artillery
TM 9-3305 TECHNICAL MANUAL PRINCIPLES OF ARTILLERY WEAPONS HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 4 MAY 1981 *TM 9-3305 Technical Manual HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No. 9-3305 Washington, DC, 4 May 1981 PRINCIPLES OF ARTILLERY WEAPONS REPORTING ERRORS AND RECOMMENDING IMPROVEMENTS You can help improve this manual. If you find any mistakes or if you know of a way to improve the procedures, please let us know. Mail your letter, DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms), or DA Form 2028-2, located in the back of this manual, direct to: Commander, US Army Armament Materiel Readiness Command, ATTN: DRSAR-MAS, Rock Island, IL 61299. A reply will be furnished to you. Para Page PART ONE. GENERAL CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 1-1 1-1 2. HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT Section I. General ....................................................................................................................... 2-1 2-1 II. Development of United States Cannon Artillery......................................................... 2-8 2-5 III. Development of Rockets and Guided Missiles ......................................................... 2-11 2-21 CHAPTER 3. CLASSIFICATION OF CURRENT FIELD ARTILLERY WEAPONS Section I. General ....................................................................................................................... 3-1 3-1 II. Current Field Artillery Weapons ................................................................................ -
BCT Modernization Plan
BCT Modernization Plan The BCT Modernization Plan is informed by the comprehensive lessons learned from more than eight years of war, focuses on the evolving needs of our warfighters in a rapidly changing security environ- ment, and exploits the knowledge and technologies developed under the Future Combat Systems program. Instead of mak- ing one modernization decision and then applying it across the Army over two or more decades as was typically done in the past, the BCT Modernization Plan recog- nizes that modernization decisions must be made incrementally to stay ahead of the demands of the security environment and the needs of our warfighters. The Army’s new plan emphasizes the role of battle- tested soldiers in the development of new equipment, provides for the incremental delivery of the network, incorporates mine resistant ambush protected (MRAP) vehi- cles into formations, accelerates the field- ing of capability packages across all BCTs, and initiates a new ground combat vehicle program as an element of a holistic plan for all combat vehicles. The Army’s BCT Modernization Plan is closely linked with the Army force genera- tion model (ARFORGEN), which continu- ously supplies warfighters within both the active and reserve components. ARFOR- GEN-based equipping is the main effort by which the Army manages equipment based on defined equipping goals linked to each phase (reset, train-ready, available) of the ARFORGEN cycle. Equipping resources are ARMY BRIGADE COMBAT allotted to units to meet their mission dur- TEAM MODERNIZATION ing -
The Additional Protocols 40 Years Later: New Conflicts, New Actors, New Perspectives”
40th Round Table on Current Issues of International Humanitarian Law “The Additional Protocols 40 Years Later: New Conflicts, New Actors, New Perspectives” Sanremo, 7-9 September 2017 Col. (ret.) Noam Neuman, former Head, International Law Department, Military Advocate General’s Corps, Israel Defence Forces Considering the Principle of Precautions Introduction I would like to thank the organizers of the conference for inviting me to speak. It is a great honor and privilege to be here. Before I start, I would like to give the usual caveat - I am here in my personal capacity. The opinions and ideas in my presentation do not necessarily represent the views of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) or the Government of Israel. My point of reference for the discussion regarding precautionary duties under customary international law is the language of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (API). While it is widely accepted that custom mandates taking certain precautions in attack, it is important to keep in mind that not all states are parties to API (such as Israel and the US) and that there are some disagreements regarding the exact scope, and phrasing, of the customary rule in comparison to Article 57 of API. Nevertheless, API is a useful point of reference, considering the fact that so many militaries are bound by it. I will therefore use it as a point of reference during my presentation. To start, we should recall that in API there are two different obligations with regard to precautions. The first one, "precautions in attacks", refers to "active precautions" that the attacking party needs to take in the conduct of its military operations.