Oral History Interview with John Brackett and Doug Ross
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Typology of Programming Languages E Early Languages E
Typology of programming languages e Early Languages E Typology of programming languages Early Languages 1 / 71 The Tower of Babel Typology of programming languages Early Languages 2 / 71 Table of Contents 1 Fortran 2 ALGOL 3 COBOL 4 The second wave 5 The finale Typology of programming languages Early Languages 3 / 71 IBM Mathematical Formula Translator system Fortran I, 1954-1956, IBM 704, a team led by John Backus. Typology of programming languages Early Languages 4 / 71 IBM 704 (1956) Typology of programming languages Early Languages 5 / 71 IBM Mathematical Formula Translator system The main goal is user satisfaction (economical interest) rather than academic. Compiled language. a single data structure : arrays comments arithmetics expressions DO loops subprograms and functions I/O machine independence Typology of programming languages Early Languages 6 / 71 FORTRAN’s success Because: programmers productivity easy to learn by IBM the audience was mainly scientific simplifications (e.g., I/O) Typology of programming languages Early Languages 7 / 71 FORTRAN I C FIND THE MEAN OF N NUMBERS AND THE NUMBER OF C VALUES GREATER THAN IT DIMENSION A(99) REAL MEAN READ(1,5)N 5 FORMAT(I2) READ(1,10)(A(I),I=1,N) 10 FORMAT(6F10.5) SUM=0.0 DO 15 I=1,N 15 SUM=SUM+A(I) MEAN=SUM/FLOAT(N) NUMBER=0 DO 20 I=1,N IF (A(I) .LE. MEAN) GOTO 20 NUMBER=NUMBER+1 20 CONTINUE WRITE (2,25) MEAN,NUMBER 25 FORMAT(11H MEAN = ,F10.5,5X,21H NUMBER SUP = ,I5) STOP TypologyEND of programming languages Early Languages 8 / 71 Fortran on Cards Typology of programming languages Early Languages 9 / 71 Fortrans Typology of programming languages Early Languages 10 / 71 Table of Contents 1 Fortran 2 ALGOL 3 COBOL 4 The second wave 5 The finale Typology of programming languages Early Languages 11 / 71 ALGOL, Demon Star, Beta Persei, 26 Persei Typology of programming languages Early Languages 12 / 71 ALGOL 58 Originally, IAL, International Algebraic Language. -
Simula Mother Tongue for a Generation of Nordic Programmers
Simula! Mother Tongue! for a Generation of! Nordic Programmers! Yngve Sundblad HCI, CSC, KTH! ! KTH - CSC (School of Computer Science and Communication) Yngve Sundblad – Simula OctoberYngve 2010Sundblad! Inspired by Ole-Johan Dahl, 1931-2002, and Kristen Nygaard, 1926-2002" “From the cold waters of Norway comes Object-Oriented Programming” " (first line in Bertrand Meyer#s widely used text book Object Oriented Software Construction) ! ! KTH - CSC (School of Computer Science and Communication) Yngve Sundblad – Simula OctoberYngve 2010Sundblad! Simula concepts 1967" •# Class of similar Objects (in Simula declaration of CLASS with data and actions)! •# Objects created as Instances of a Class (in Simula NEW object of class)! •# Data attributes of a class (in Simula type declared as parameters or internal)! •# Method attributes are patterns of action (PROCEDURE)! •# Message passing, calls of methods (in Simula dot-notation)! •# Subclasses that inherit from superclasses! •# Polymorphism with several subclasses to a superclass! •# Co-routines (in Simula Detach – Resume)! •# Encapsulation of data supporting abstractions! ! KTH - CSC (School of Computer Science and Communication) Yngve Sundblad – Simula OctoberYngve 2010Sundblad! Simula example BEGIN! REF(taxi) t;" CLASS taxi(n); INTEGER n;! BEGIN ! INTEGER pax;" PROCEDURE book;" IF pax<n THEN pax:=pax+1;! pax:=n;" END of taxi;! t:-NEW taxi(5);" t.book; t.book;" print(t.pax)" END! Output: 7 ! ! KTH - CSC (School of Computer Science and Communication) Yngve Sundblad – Simula OctoberYngve 2010Sundblad! -
Internet Engineering Jan Nikodem, Ph.D. Software Engineering
Internet Engineering Jan Nikodem, Ph.D. Software Engineering Theengineering paradigm Software Engineering Lecture 3 The term "software crisis" was coined at the first NATO Software Engineering Conference in 1968 by: Friedrich. L. Bauer Nationality;German, mathematician, theoretical physicist, Technical University of Munich Friedrich L. Bauer 1924 3/24 The term "software crisis" was coined at the first NATO Software Engineering Conference in 1968 by: Peter Naur Nationality;Dutch, astronomer, Regnecentralen, Niels Bohr Institute, Technical University of Denmark, University of Copenhagen. Peter Naur 1928 4/24 Whatshouldbe ourresponse to software crisis which provided with too little quality, too late deliver and over budget? Nationality;Dutch, astronomer, Regnecentralen, Niels Bohr Institute, Technical University of Denmark, University of Copenhagen. Peter Naur 1928 5/24 Software should following an engineering paradigm NATO conference in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 1968 Peter Naur 1928 6/24 The hope is that the progress in hardware will cure all software ills. The Oberon System User Guide and Programmer's Manual. ACM Press Nationality;Swiss, electrical engineer, computer scientist ETH Zürich, IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Institute for Media Communications Martin Reiser 7/24 However, a critical observer may notethat software manages to outgrow hardware in size and sluggishness. The Oberon System User Guide and Programmer's Manual. ACM Press Nationality;Swiss, electrical engineer, computer scientist ETH Zürich, IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Institute for Media Communications Martin Reiser 8/24 Wirth's computing adage Software is getting slower more rapidly than hardware becomes faster. Nationality;Swiss, electronic engineer, computer scientist ETH Zürich, University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University University of Zurich. Xerox PARC. -
A Kermit File Transfer Protocol for the Apple II Series Personal Computers : John Patrick Francisco Lehigh University
Lehigh University Lehigh Preserve Theses and Dissertations 1986 A Kermit file transfer protocol for the Apple II series personal computers : John Patrick Francisco Lehigh University Follow this and additional works at: https://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd Part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Francisco, John Patrick, "A Kermit file transfer protocol for the Apple II series personal computers :" (1986). Theses and Dissertations. 4628. https://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd/4628 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Lehigh Preserve. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Lehigh Preserve. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A KERMIT FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL FOR THE APPLE II SERIES PERSONAL COMPUTERS (Using the Apple Pascal Operating system) by John Patrick Francisco A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Committee of Lehigh University in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Science 1n• Computer Science Lehigh University March 1986 This thesis is accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of science.• (date) Professor in Charge -------------- --------------- Chairman of the Division Chairman of the Department • • -11- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It would be somewhat of an understatement to say this project was broad in scope as the disciplines involved ranged from Phychology to Electrical Engineering. Since the project required an extensive amount of detailed in formation in all fields, I was impelled to seek the help, advice and opinion of many. There were also numerous t friends and relatives upon whom I relied for both moral and financial support. -
David T. C~Ai9 736 Edgewater [M J Wichita, Kansas 67230 (USA)
_.., ,.i.'~...< ~~ ':' ..". PASCAL US~RS GROUP Pa.scal.N ews I.. NUMlsER ,< Iq COMMUNICATIONS ABOUT THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PASCAL BVPASCALERS SE PT EMbER .,1980 ~,_v., j : ;,. ~ - EX LIBRIS: David T. C~ai9 736 Edgewater [M J Wichita, Kansas 67230 (USA) ' ... '-" .- . .. .,.- ... ., '-" -'. ..,. ...- .--'- -"--"'.". '. POLICY: PASCAL NEWS (15...Sep...80) * Pascal~ is the official but informal publication of the User's Group. * Pascal Newa contains all we (the editors) kriowabout Pascal; we use it as the vetlICIe to answer all inquiries because our physical energy and resources for answering individual requests are finite. As PUG grows, we unfortunately succumb to the reality of: 1. Having to insist that people ~o need to know "about Pascal" join PUG and read Pascal News - that is why we spend lime to produce, it! 2. Refusing to return phone calls or answer letters full of questions - we will pass the questions on to the readership of Pascal News. Please understand what the collective effect of individual inquirie8lias at the "concentrators" (our phones and mailboxes). We are trying honestly to say: "We cannot promise more that we can do." ' * Pascal News is produced 3 or4 times during a year; usually in March, June, September, and December. * ALL THE NEWS THAT'S FIT, WE PRINT .Please send material (brevity is a virtue) for Pascal News single-spaced and camera-ready (use dark ribbon and 18.5 em lines!) '. - ~ * Remember : ALL LETTERS TO US WILL BE PRINTED UNLESS THEY CONTAIN A REQUEST u TO THE CONTRARY. -.- * Pascal News is divided into flexible sections: o POLICY - explains the way we do things (ALL-PURPOSE COUPON, etc.) EDITOR'S CONTRIBUTION - passes along the opinion and point of view of the D. -
Ucsd-Psystem-Fs UCSD P-System Filesystem Reference Manual
ucsd-psystem-fs UCSD p-System Filesystem Reference Manual Peter Miller [email protected] . This document describes ucsd-psystem-fs version 1.22 and was prepared 21 July 2013. This document describing the ucsd-psystem-fs package, and the ucsd-psystem-fs utility pro- grams, are Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Peter Miller This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) anylater version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without eventhe implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICU- LAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. Youshould have receivedacopyofthe GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 0 Table of Contents(ucsd-psystem-fs) Table of Contents(ucsd-psystem-fs) The README file . ................. 1 Release Notes ................... 2 Howtobuild ucsd-psystem-fs .............. 6 ucsdpsys_disk(1) manipulate files on a UCSD p-System filesystem image ...... 10 ucsdpsys_fsck(1) verify and repair UCSD p-System filesystem images ....... 13 ucsdpsys_fs_license(1) GNU General Public License ............... 14 ucsdpsys_interleave(1) decode interleavedUCSD p-System filesystem image ....... 23 ucsdpsys_mkfs(1) create newUCSD p-System filesystem disk images ........ 25 ucsdpsys_mount(1) mount aUCSD p-System filesystem . ........... 27 ucsdpsys_rt11(1) extract files from RT-11 disk images ............ 29 ucsdpsys_text(1) translate UCSD p-System text files . ............ 30 ucsdpsys_umount(1) unmount UCSD p-System filesystems . -
Implementing the UCSD PASCAL System on the MODCOMP Computer
TDA Progress Report 42-60 September and October 1960 Implementing the UCSD PASCAL System on the MODCOMP Computer T. Wolfe DSN Data Systems Section This article describes the UCSD PASCAL system developed by the University of California, San Diego, now available on the MODCOMP computer. The system includes a Pascal compiler and many useful utility programs. A BASIC compiler and a FORTRAN 77 compiler are also avatkble. There is currently a large amount of software availabie written in UCSD PASCAL, including a data base system, word processing systems and a MODULA compiler. I. Introduction Assembly language subroutines thus produced may also be called from either Pascal or FORTRAN. Currently the assem- The UCSD PASCAL* System is a complete interactive bler has not been modified to produce MODCOMP machine software development system consisting of an operating sys- code. A system library program may be used to build libraries tem, compilers (Pascal, BASIC, FORTRAN 77) two text of useful subroutines and the system linker used to link them editors (screen editor and line-oriented editor), a linker and to user programs. many useful utility programs. The system is written and main- tained in Pascal. The compiler generates code for an idealized processor known as the “pseudo-machine.” The “pseudo- Interpreters currently exist for Z80/8080, PDP 11 /LSI-1 1, code” (p-code) generated by the compiler is interpreted at 6800, 9900 and 6502 computers and are being developed for runtime by a program (known as the interpreter) which emu- other computers. Thus, software could be developed on an lates the pseudo-machine. -
BULLETIN I of AVAILABLE TERAK SOFTWARE (Tugboats) the Terak User's Group Library Is a Clearing House Only; It Does Not Sell, Generate Or Test Prograns
Vol. 2, Issue 1 01·Jan.·82 BULLETIN i OF AVAILABLE TERAK SOFTWARE (Tugboats) The Terak User's Group Library Is a clearing house only; It does not sell, generate or test prograns. All prograns and information are provided "AS IS". Terak User's Group and contributors of software disclaim all warranties on the prograns, Including without I Imitation, all Impl led warranties of merchantabtl ity and fitness. The description, service charges, and ayallabll tty of software available for the Terak User's Group Library are subject to change without notice. Copyright (C) 1982, Terak User's Group; Scottsdale, Arizona DEC, DECUS, RT-l1, PDP-l1 are all trademarks of DIgItal EquIpment CorporatIon. UCSD Pascal Is a trademark of the UnIversIty of CalIfornIa Board of Regents. Terak Is a trademark of the Terak CorporatIon. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TOflCS Introduction •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1-1 TUGBOATS Updates •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1-1 Ordering User Group Library Software •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1-2 1. RT-ll Operating System •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1-1 1.1 Languages •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1-1 1.2 Editors •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1-2 1.3 Device Handlers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1-3 1.4 Statistical Routines ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1-4 1.5 Disk FormattIng •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1-5 1.6 Utll Itfes •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -
Type Extensions, Wirth 1988
Type Extensions N. WIRTH lnstitut fijr Informatik, ETH, Zurich Software systems represent a hierarchy of modules. Client modules contain sets of procedures that extend the capabilities of imported modules. This concept of extension is here applied to data types. Extended types are related to their ancestor in terms of a hierarchy. Variables of an extended type are compatible with variables of the ancestor type. This scheme is expressed by three language constructs only: the declaration of extended record types, the type test, and the type guard. The facility of extended types, which closely resembles the class concept, is defined in rigorous and concise terms, and an efficient implementation is presented. Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.3.3 [Programming Languages]: Language Constructs-data types and structures; modules, packuges; D.3.4 [Programming Languages]: Processors-code generation General Terms: Languages Additional Key Words and Phrases: Extensible data type, Modula-2 1. INTRODUCTION Modern software development tools are designed for the construction of exten- sible systems. Extensibility is the cornerstone for system development, for it allows us to build new systems on the basis of existing ones and to avoid starting each new endeavor from scratch. In fact, programming is extending a given system. The traditional facility that mirrors this concept is the module-also called package-which is a collection of data definitions and procedures that can be linked to other modules by an appropriate linker or loader. Modern large systems consist, without exception, of entire hierarchies of such modules. This notion has been adopted successfully by modern programming languages, such as Mesa [4], Modula-2 [8], and Ada [5], with the crucial property that consistency of interfaces be verified upon compilation of the source text instead of by the linking process. -
The UCSD P-System STATUT ORIL Y EX E:M PT
DOCfi!D(ov~ by NSA on 12-01-2011, Transparency Case# 5335]UNCLASSIFIED The UCSD p-System STATUT ORIL Y EX E:M PT This paper discusses the UCSD p-System, an operating system for small computers developed at the University of California at San Diego. The discussion includes the overall system, file managing, editing, and programming in Pascal on the system. INTRODUCTION The UCSD p-System was developed at the University of California at San Diego to support Pascal programming on microcomputers. Similar to MS-DOS, the p-System is an operating system for small computers but is, in many ways, very different. The p-System is written in Pascal and now supports not only Pascal, but also FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, and Modula-2. The concept was to have an operating system that, once it was implemented on a machine, allowed any program written under that operating system to be truly transportable from computer to computer. That is to say, the p-System compiler would not actually translate the program into a language that was specific for, say, an 8088 chip on the IBM-PC, but rather would translate it into a "pseudo" language that, when used with an operating system designed for the PC, would run correctly. Similarly, if the operating system were implemented on a Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) computer, this same pseudo code would still work properly with no modifications. The particular version of UCSD p-System tested was written for the IBM-PC and requires two single-sided double-density disk drives and at least 128K of memory. -
Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine 1982-8
Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • August 1982 ~.I~~c!)~-A ~ - ...P. P. L. E. APPLE PUGETSOUND PROGRAM LIBRARY EXCHANGE A W .. shinglon 51 .. 11.' Non-Profit Corpordlion Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine Issue Year 1982 Issue Month August Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange I Page 0001 of 0090 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • August 1982 II Volume V, Number 8 £L 75 UK, A Call -A.P.P.L.E. TECHNIQUE: Garbagemen Strike Page 9 A Call -A.P.P.L.E. APPLECATION: Total Recall PagelS A Call -A.P.P.L.E. REVIEW: BASIS 108 ... An Alternative Page 23 A Call -A.P.P.L.E. REVIEW: Spelling Programs Page 31 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0002 of 0090 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • August 1982 H, II II Volume V, Number 8 August 1982 52.50 (53.00 Canada, £1. 75 UK. A Call -A.P.P.L.E. TECHNIQUE: Garbagemen Strike Page 9 A Call -A.P.P.L.E. APPLECATION: Total Recall PagelS A Call -A.P.P.L.E. REVIEW: BASIS 108 ... An Alternative Page 23 A Call -A.P.P.L.E. REVIEW: Spelling Programs Page 31 Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange Page 0003 of 0090 Call-A.P.P.L.E. Magazine • August 1982 THE PROWRITER COMETH. (And It Cometh On Like Gangbusters.) Evolution. It's InevItable. An eternal venty. Just when you thInk you've got it knocked. and you're resting on your laurels. some body comes along and makes a dinosaur out of you. -
Reception of Pascal in the History of Sciences
Reception of Pascal in the history of sciences... Camille Akmut April 27, 2020 Abstract In particular computer science and technologies. With references to the history of philosophy and the social sciences. 1 I - Crown jewel computers, and sciences The computer scientist Niklaus Wirth, creator of the Pascal programming language, has said of the origins of his creation : I named it after the French philosopher and mathematician, who in 1642 designed one of the first gadgets that might truly be called a digital calculator.1 This is how Wirth remembered Pascal, and explained his choice of the philosopher for his namesake language in 1993 as part of a large conference organized by the ACM on the history of programming languages (the second HOPL); as a pioneer in a line from which { it is either implied, or we interpret too strongly { he ultimately descended. Another notable computer scientist, Friedrich Bauer, known for the stack ADT and his participation in the making of ALGOL 602 among others, in his 'Historical notes on computer science' (one of his last books, if not the last) expressed the following judgment on Pascal and Schickard : \We would not do Schickard any justice by exaggerating : his cal- culating machine was no 4-type ["Vier-Species"] machine, like that of Leibniz, but only a 2-type like Pascal's, but with the difference of having come twenty years earlier. Kepler was said to have been most happy with it. And, perhaps its mechanism was superior. But, that would be a detail."3 [trans.] Ergo : the real machine was Leibniz's { as it could (really) do all four operations of arithmetic { and as for the earlier, partial or lesser, ones Schickard's 1Found in History of programming languages, vol.