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The Evaluative Study of Ecological Suitability of Wind Power Development Planning

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The Evaluative Study of Ecological Suitability of Wind Power Development Planning © by PSP Volume 25 – No. 6/2016, pages 2063-2070 Fresenius Environmental Bulletin THE EVALUATIVE STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL SUITABILITY OF WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT PLANNING Zhidong Li a, b, Fan Zhang c, Guobao Song a, * aKey Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, 116024 Dalian, People’s Republic of China bLiaoning Academy of Environmental Science, Shuangyuan Road 30-1, Shenyang 116023, People’s Republic of China cLiaoning Academy for Environmental Planning Co., Ltd, Shuangyuan Road 30-2, Shenyang 116023, People’s Republic of China ABSTRACT of environmental protection, and national authorities to support wind power project in the policy, wind power in China has been rapid Wind farms construction projects influence development. of natural resources mainly appears as the Liaoning Province Beizhen city is one of occupation of land resources which will make the the areas with abundant wind energy functions and structure of land to change. resources(GONG Qiang, et al., 2009), where the Meanwhile, local ecological environment will wind speed, wind direction stability, and in most also be broken. This paper introduces the related of the flat, open, suitable for large-scale concept and research development of development and installation of wind turbine. To ecological-suitability and GIS. Then, the take advantage of local wind energy resources, procedures of the evaluation are set up, drive the region and regional economic combining the qualitative research with the development, Beizhen city planning and quantitative one. The factor weighted-stack construction of the people's government of 100 method is employed as the rationale, and GIS as MW wind farm. Regional development and the technical platform. Accordingly, evaluation construction of wind farms will inevitably index system is built, evaluation criteria destroy vegetation, construction activities can determined and the method and process of cause surface rolling, the development and ecological-suitability analysis of wind power construction activities will cause certain development planning area are made. Finally, the influence to the ecological environment in the wind power development planning for Liaoning study area (Ilhami Kiziroglu and Ali Province Beizhen city has been illustrated as the Erdogan,2015). Beizhen city is located in the example. To sum up, this dissertation confirms western liaoning region, the regional vegetation that the ecological-suitability analysis of wind coverage rate is low, the ecosystem is fragile, power development planning area relying on GIS through wind power planning area of ecological brings much convenience to ecological plan, and suitability and related policy analysis, reasonable at the same time, improves the reasonability, use of GIS technology defined area of suitable accuracy, timeliness, and efficiency, which is of development areas, provides the scientific basis great importance to reasonable specific planning. for the later period of wind power development and ecological protection to wind power development in the region will produce important KEYWORDS: influence(Wang Kunping,2015; Pan Yan-qiu and wind power development planning; GIS; overlay Li Lu,2011). analysis; the ecological-suitability analysis STUDY AREA AND METHODS INTRODUCTION A Survey of Wind power planning area. Wind energy is a clean, renewable energy. Through micro and macro location survey and Wind power do not need to consume mineral filter, Beizhen city will plan newly increased two energy, do not pollute the environment, the wind farm development area within its construction period is short and flexible, jurisdiction, is located in the Dashi town and meanwhile, it has also a good social and Zhengan Town. The evaluation is 24.1~321m economic benefits. With the enhanced awareness altitude hills. Due to planning area mostly is a 2063 © by PSP Volume 25 – No. 6/2016, pages 2063-2070 Fresenius Environmental Bulletin hilly terrain, more gentle topography, top of the spatial data collection, processing, storage, mountain ridge, the wind speed is larger, more analysis and performance, so the spatial data suitable for wind turbine configuration. Planning source, data acquisition method, generating a total installed capacity of 100MW, planning process, quality directly affect the potential of area of 127.63km2. geographic information system application, cost Planning area location as shown in figure 1. and efficiency. Research data of Landsat 8 and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) are from the U.S. Geological Survey. The evaluation factor and evaluation standards are choosed after analyzing the terrain, elevation, slope, slope aspect, vegetation and buffer. In order to determine the weights of evaluation factor, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is applied to comprehensively evaluate the ecological suitability analysis of construction land grading in wind power development planning. Single factor classification and evaluation. FIGURE 1 The last steps of each ecological evaluation The geographical location of planning factors of the original information will be unified, area map. graded and quantification. According to the needs of spatial analysis, to determine the required evaluation criteria. The evaluation criteria is The analysis method of Ecological divided into three grades，which respectively are Suitability for Wind Power Development most sensitive, sensitive and low sensitive. Then Planning. This study uses the weighted overlay the thematic layer is established for each single analyses of a GIS-based tool as a theoretical basis factor in the different attribute. Each quantitative and the possible applications in solving the single factor will be shown by an attributive layer. problem of ecological sensitivity analysis of wind According to the factor classification standard to power planning. It is necessary to overlay with make the analysis map of a single factor, the multi-layers for solving sensitivity analysis. After specific drawing process is as follows: spatial the overlapping layers, each independent properties of each factor defined by the vector influence factor can be corresponding to a layer. graphics software such as AutoCAD, then import When we are using GIS-based tool as analyzing the GIS application software such as ARC/INFO and evaluating for ecological sensitivity, we need software. Next, the classification score results at to solve two problems: one is how different the previous pass will do data entry, and establish factors into independent layers, the two is how to a factor analysis of the regional spatial data (Ai overlay in each layer (Tang Guoan and Yang Ting, Qiao, 2007). 2006). Weight Determination. Weight is used to Methods. Weighted overlay analysis is a measure the relative importance of the single most popular method for ecological sensitivity factor, the greater the weight, the greater the analysis. Its basic principle is based on the impact of the factor on the sensitivity of the overlay method, which is by multiplying the factor. The determination of weight in the single factor evaluation value and its weight ecological sensitivity analysis is a key step, value, accumulative sum again. Weighted overlay which is often influenced by the subjective analysis is better suited to computer technology, factors of the decision makers, but to minimize and the same as the principle of overlay of GIS the error caused by human factors, and it is able technology (Hakan Mete Dogan et al.,2005), so to reflect the true relative relationship between the weighted superposition method and GIS can the standards. be a good fit. In the process of the superposition of factors, the weight is need to be standardized, so that The data source. The geographic summation of all the weight value is 1. When information system is around the spatial The there is a factor of N, all the weight is expressed geographic information system is around the as W1 ， W2 ， W3 ， … ， Wn ， ΣWn=1(Zhang Jun-hua,2004). 2064 © by PSP Volume 25 – No. 6/2016, pages 2063-2070 Fresenius Environmental Bulletin RESULTS Ecological Suitability GIS-based. Data Processing Analysis. Vegetation Analysis. This paper cut out wind power planning area from Landsat8-TM full band image as the research object, the imaging time is May 13, 2015. Day the weather was clear and cloudless, image quality better, land type has the obvious difference. Using ERDAS IMAGINE and ARC/INFO software to draw the vegetation in the study area map, the result is as shown in figure 2. Elevation Analysis. Elevation analysis is divided into several groups according to the FIGURE 3 number of the contour lines by a certain distance, The evaluation analysis map. using different symbols or colors to distinguish, to show the elevation changes, the maximum height and the minimum height. The elevation analysis can help the planner to find out the best development zone in the planning area, and direct the wind power planning. In ArcGIS10. 2, elevation analysis is achieved by using the Counters command, the result is as shown in Figure 3. By Figure 3 we can see the whole planning area is divided into 10 levels, the highest elevation of 321m, and the minimum elevation 24m. FIGURE 4 The slope analysis map. Slope Analysis. The slope of a certain point on the ground indicates the extent of the tilt at that point. Slope analysis is the expression and understanding of a particular means of terrain structure. Because different land use types need to be built on the basis of different terrain, so we should consider the slope of the region in the development of wind power. In this paper, we use DEM data to extract FIGURE 2 the slope, the results are shown in Figure 4. The vegetation analysis map. Figure 4 is divided into six grades according to the different color, color is red local slope is greater, display color from the point of view, planning area smaller slope, mostly in less than 10 degrees. Slope Aspect analysis. The slope aspect is defined as the angle between horizontal 2065 © by PSP Volume 25 – No. 6/2016, pages 2063-2070 Fresenius Environmental Bulletin projection of normal and north direction.
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