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ITA Cosuf, Rome, 22.06.2012 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB ITA Cosuf, Rome, 22.06.2012 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Jan Dirk Chabot SBB Bern, I-AT-IU-TEC Roma, 22.06.2012 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Content ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Number + age of tunnels SBB Damages / impacts Tunnel safety Renewal cases and methods SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 2 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Quantity + age of tunnels SBB ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Number + age of single + double track tunnels on SBB network Number of tunnels SBB 2012 Tunnels single track: 158 pcs., 123.4 km 70 Tunnels double track: 133 pcs., 134.0 km 60 Total: 291 pcs., 257 km 50 40 masonry 30 brickwork 20 concrete (in situ) 10 0 1850 60 70 80 90 1900 10 20 30 40 1950 60 70 80 90 2000 10 20 year SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 3 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Tunnels SBB today ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 .Tunnel length 257 km .Number of tunnels 264 .Number of objects to be inspected 291 .(thereout cut & cover 32) SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 4 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Tunnels SBB tomorrow (-2019) ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 .Cross-city tunnel Zurich DML 5.5 km DML .Gotthard Base Tunnel 2 x 57.0 km 5.3 km .Ceneri Base Tunnel 2 x 15.4 km Eppenberg .Tunnel de Sierre 0.4 km 3.5 km .Eppenbergtunnel 3.5 km .CEVA (S-Bahn Geneva) 8.8 km + 163 km Gotthard Base Tunnel 2 x 57 km CEVA 9 km Tunnel de Sierre Ceneri Base 0.4 km Tunnel 2 x 15.4 km SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 5 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Clustering Tunnel Renewal (2010-2019) ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 SH WAH Kannenfeld Schloss Laufen Schützenmatt RA Scheme network BS KB EW EGL KR Wolf LFG 31.05.2012 W SEU BCT Angenstei SLG BUE CTM n Adler Liesberg LST NG EF Villnacher NW RH Choindez I -PORIII DMTBärschwi Hauenstein n NIE SG BG WIL Verrerie-de-Moutier l LF GLO BasisAA (HBT) WI TG Haf RS Verrerie-de-Roches BD WUER ZOER GSS TA Vorbourg SMG Moutier I - IX MOU WE OT Rosenberg (Flachdecke) SO LBIN OEN Rosenberg (Kabelrohrblock) OL BAEW BMA SCB KLW Erlenbach LEN SUHR LB HI LSG SPK ZUE WZ Col-des-Roches Combe Convers ARCH BI LTH Aarburger ZF WO BGW WL LOC Mont Sagne BUER BW TW CF HB Landikon RUET WA Des Loges REI RW Ricken (Sohle) LY NE SS HO BDF Burgdorfe UZ La Luche INS Zuger ZB SA ZOL r HWIL BU La Sauge KZ Frasne PONT TR Gibet RK ZG Stadttunnel VER GMMBN Wolhusen PF HA Lothenbach WH Rindelfluh G100 Kerenzerberg Bommerstein FLE MRT GD LPN Wiggen LZ Rindelfluh G200 Bühl (ZG) FLM Rossplatten (ZG) Untere Schächli CH KF LN St. Adrian VAL Obere Schächli DAY PAY GI Ruffibach ORBE YV FRI SCBG Entlenstalden Kalkofen Wilzigen PT Mühlefluh (ZG) Epoisats TH MR Villangeau Windgälle LIN ROM Pfaffensprung BRA x Bristenn Muhren SP PAL IO Mühle REIK GOE PUI BUL Gotthard Kirchberg Gotthard (Autorampe) Wattingen LS Bertholod KA VV Rohrbach Crêtes (Burier) Leggistein MX La Lume SIO Stalvedro BR Pianotondo Travi STG BOU GEAP VI St. Maurice Simplon I + II Crocetto Giustizia SM Svito GE DOMO LO CD BEL ZERM Dragonato Costa MA TAVPrecassino- LGMeggiagra Legende VARE Arcisate MEN Tunnels renewed STAO CHI Tunnel Renewal 2012 GAL Balerna Tunnels to be renewed MICL SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 6 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB typical damages / refurbishment works ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 After approx. > 40-60 years of use 1st refurbishment / Renewal resp. next refurbishment of an earlier refurbishment. Tunnel mit Tunnel mit Betonverkleidung Mauerwerkverkleid 1 2 ung 3 Causes / origin: 3 4 1 5 Enlarging tunnel profiles 6 5 (e.g. Optimizing profile in tunnel, 5 3 higher / wider trains) SBB1 1 5 7 4 10 6 Damages masonry / lining 12 1 1 (contact with groundwater / frost) SBB5 12 1 11 1 Water ingress (dripping / ice 8 7 formation) / defective drainage 7 8 7 7 7 9 9 11 1 Retrofit Safety elements 7 escape way, tunnel lighting, signalization SBB SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 7 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Impact: Water ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 (Re-) Actions of water H2O Swelling Lime deposits Concrete-«corrosion» / Corrosion of steel + (Weathering) technique Infiltrations SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 8 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Impact: Water ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Example of damages: - water ingress, leakage, damages of lining, - repair of joints SBB SBB SBB Ecological electricity?? Pic. Marti Renesco AG SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 9 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Impact: Water ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Weathering of tunnel lining due influence of mountain- / groundwater (evaporation-inducted salt-enrichment in mortar / concrete) + Humidity-contact for decades + Temperature + influence of surrounding geology Accumulation of harmful salts in the concrete or mortar due a „stream“ of humidity for decades trough the lining or invert. SBB Amount of ground water evaporation Tunnel- geology interior Concentration of salts in groundwater Partially detention in the lining Concentration salts in lining accumulation of salts until / destruction of cement SBB (crystallization and / or SBB Ettringite / Thaumasite). Lining Esp.where change dry / wet SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 10 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Typical damages & Problems: Water ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Most tunnels have a drained concept drainage system, No water pressure behind lining / under vault – permanent function! SBB SBB SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 11 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Fire prevention ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 SBB SBB SBB Minimising impact in case of fire due to waste / paper in cable-ducts / electrical boxes for rail technique: protection with barriers / cover panels of the cable ascents 12 SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 12 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Typical renewal + upgrading works ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Waterproofing vault New catenary / rock mass rigid electrical rail improvement Local widening Repair of joints/ of profile (shotcrete shells) Drainage vault Protective Tunnel Safety / technical (emergency light) refuges Cable ducts Lowering of track Underpinning of lining SBB New drainage system + Drainage invert Lowering of the invert Arch invert inspection manholes SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 13 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Improving tunnel Safety ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Risk categories in tunnels: 3.7% (< 100 m) A A 39.5% 23.0% (< 1‘000 m) B B 44.6% 26.8% (> 1‘000 m) C C 12.2% 46.5% D (> 3‘000 m) D 3.8% Risk analysis: Number of Length of Length of tunnel + Frequency of trains tunnels tunnels SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 14 Tunnel renewing + safety @ SBB Tunnel safety: Tunnels with SRM ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 SH WAH RA BS KB EW Kannenfeld EGL KR LFG W SEU BCT SLG Adler BUE CTM LST NG EF NW Hagenholz RH POR DMT NIE Hauenstein- Bözberg BG Kreuzliberg Flughafen WIL SG LF GLO Basistunnel AA WI TG Haf Weinberg (N) RS BD WUER Rosenberg ZOER GSS TA Hirschengraben SMG MOU Aarau I + II KäferbergOT SO LBIN WE Zürichberg OEN Wipkinger Aegerten OL Riesbach BAEW BMA SCB Langenthal KLW LEN SUHR LB HI Heitersberg Ulmberg ZUE LSG Gishübel Murgenthal SPK WZ WolfacherARCH N + S Enge BI ThunstettenLTH ZF WO BGW WL LOC BUER Oenzberg Stamml. + NBS BW Zürich - Thalwil Vingelz TW CF Rüdtlingen HB RUET WA De Loges REI RW Ricken BDF Zimmerberg Em mequerungLY NE Burgdorfer SS HO Albis UZ INS ZB SA ZOL HWIL BU KZ Grauholz LuzernerRK- Kerenzerberg Frasne PONT TR BN ZG VER GMM Stadttunnel PF HA St-Aubin- WH Mont d‘Or FLE Sauges MRT LPN GD FLM LZ La Raisse Ölberg CH Fin de Lance KF LN Fronalp VAL DAY PAY GI ORBE YV FRI SCBG Stutzeck-Axenberg PT Axenberg TH MR Bristen ROM LIN Pfaffensprung BRA Wattinger Vauderence SP Leggistein PA IO L Naxberg REIK GOE PUI BUL Gotthard Cornallaz LS KA Freggio GBT (N) VV Prato MX Pianotondo SIO Legend BR Travi GEAP STG BOU VI Simplon I + II Tunnels with self-rescue St-Maurice SM measures SRM St-Jean BEL GE DOMO LO CD CEVA (N) ZERM CBT (N) MA Tunnels to be equipped with TAV LG SRM (GBT: 2016, CBT 2018) Paradiso Renewal existing illumination VARE Arcisate MEN STAO CHI Mont d‘Or (under GAL responsibility SNCF) MICL SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 15 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Upgrading Tunnel Safety ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Self rescue measures in 62 new or existing tunnels (150 from 252 km) (Simplon: +2x 20 km) Retrofit / Elements: improvement Tunnel lightning incl. Alarming tunnel Safety Walkway and handrail Signalization (escape signs) Improvement visibility of existing cross-passages / escape possibilities. SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 16 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB rescue shaft ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Example Zimmerberg Base Tunnel SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 17 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB rescue shaft ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Example of one rescue shaft at the Zimmerberg Base Tunnel near Zurich H = 60 m Stairs + “Alimak”-elevator for fire service + rescue teams Enough «buffer space» for passengers Overpressure ventilation to prevent a «chimney effect» SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 18 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Upgrading Tunnel Safety ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Zimmerberg Base Tunnel (9.5 km) - Improving Tunnel ligthning - better visibility of emergency exits Simplon Tunnel handrail with integrated LED light SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 19 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Simplon Tunnel - History ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Example Simplon Tunnel SBB • I• AT-IU • 22.06.2012 20 Tunnel Renewal + Safety @ SBB Simplon Tunnel - History ITA-Cosuf Rome 22.06.2012 Key-data I / History: - 2 parallel tubes, each 19.8 km long.
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