DOCSLIB.ORG

Poultry Behaviour and Welfare Dr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Poultry behaviour and welfare Dr. László Kovács University of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic 2019 Domestic fowl and turkey behaviour and welfare Dr. László Kovács University of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic 2019 • Konrad Lorenz discovered many analogies between summer geese and human family and social life. He proved that not only us, humans have subjective experience but also, like all higher animals, also the geese. (Source: Festetics A.: Konred Lorenz világa, 2005) Lecture thematics • General introduction to bird behavior and animal welfare • Taxonomy of poultry • Biological characteristics of poultry • Some biological features are important from a practical point of view • Nutritional behavior • Social behavior will be emailed to the grade contact student / course contact student till 15th of Nov. will be emailed to the grade contact student / course contact student till 15th of Nov. Classification of Poultry (taxonomy) Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrata) Class: Aves (Aves) Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae Family: Anseridae Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae Subfamily: Phasianiae Subfamily: Meleagridinae Subfamily: Numidiane Order: Columbae Family: Columbidae Classification of Poultry (taxonomy) Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrata) Class: Aves (Aves) Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae Genus: Anas: A. platyrhynchos domesticus Family: Anseridae Genus: Anser: Anser anser domestica Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae Subfamily: Phasianiae Genus: Gallus: Gallus gallus domesticus Subfamily: Meleagridinae Genus: Meleagris: Meleagris gallopavo Subfamily: Numidiane Order: Columbae Family: Columbidae The biological characteristics of poultry Skeletal systam Muscular system Cutaneous organ, integument Digestive system Respiratory system Renal system Reproductive system, egg formation, oviposition, laying, broodiness Endocrine system Érzékszervek (vision, hearing, taste, touch/cutaneous sensitivity, olfaction, heat detection) etc. Day-old chick: 42 g Slaughtered chicken: 2800 g 66-fold increase body weight gain during 6 weeks Day-old poult: 50 g Reared turkey: 3000 g 60-fold increase body weight gain during 6 weeks Dy-old poult: 50 g Slaughtered female: 13 000 g Slaughtered male: 21 000 g 260-fold increase body weight gain during 14 weeks (female) 420-fold increase body weight gain during 21 weeks (toms) Featured topics from biological characteristics – Broodiness Moulting/Shedding Vision Hearing – Voices Taste Touch, cutaneous sensitivity Olfaction Heat detection Featured topics from biological characteristics – Broodiness/Nesting • Def .: A complex process under the control of the nervous system and endocrine systems for laying, incubating, hatching eggs. • The most typical for females • It is accompanied by characteristic physiological changes and specific behavioral patterns • "Hatching/nesting spot" • Its appearing, duration and date vary by breed Featured topics from biological characteristics – Moulting/Shedding • At the end of the egg laying cycle • Artificial moulting/shedding Featured topics from biological characteristics – Moulting/Shedding Moulting is the process of shedding and renewing feathers. During the moult the reproductive physiology of the bird is allowed a complete rest from laying and the bird builds up its body reserves of nutrients. Special moulting of turkey: • "virgine moulting" at 3rd weeks of age (threaded feathers on head and neck, down on feather feathers) • ("Throwing red" at week 5-7 - skin wrinkles, very sensitive) • 8-12th weeks the second moulting • third moulting at exhausted birds, in poor light conditions in adulthood (Aug-Sep, Jun-Jul) Featured topics from biological characteristics – Vision • The chicken embryo responds to the light effect from the day 17th of hatching/incubating • Birds can distinguish colors well • Shape is more important than color • Color preferences • Lighting programme in the barns Featured topics from biological characteristics – Hearing - Vocalisation • No external ear • Excellent hearing • Chicks chirping Featured topics from biological characteristics – Taste • Well-developed sense of taste • They are able to distinguish between strong flavors • Geese are most sensitive to flavors Featured topics from biological characteristics – Cutaneous sensitivity • Chickens prefer to tactile stimuli to select feed • The most important of the tactile characteristics is the size of the feed Featured topics from biological characteristics – Olfaction • Relatively underdeveloped • So far, there is little scientific experience Featured topics from biological characteristics – Heat detection, thermoregulation • It is highly developed and especially important for intensive poultry farming • Ambient temperature - water temperature • Day-old reception - vs - Natural conditions (under the hen/hatching bird) • Ducks are more sensitive to warm water than hens Featured topics from biological characteristics – Heat detection, thermoregulation Featured topics from biological characteristics – Heat detection, thermoregulation Featured topics from biological characteristics – Heat detection, thermoregulation Featured topics from biological characteristics – Heat detection, thermoregulation Featured topics from biological characteristics – Heat detection, thermoregulation Featured topics from biological characteristics – Heat detection, thermoregulation Feeding behaviour • Interrelationship between to the visual and the tactile stimuli • Interrelationship between to the taste and the tactile stimuli • Factors influencing feed selection and feed intake • Practical aspects of feed consumption of hens • Drinking behaviour Feeding behaviour • Specific order of importance of the role of the senses in feed selection • In humans: taste perception is the primary, • For birds: vision is a priority at choosing the feed (but this is not an exclusive and categorical rule) Feeding behaviour – Interrelationship between to the visual and the tactile stimuli • Hatched day-old birds feed-chossing: • Picture of the starter feed (crumble) • Structure of beak • The diameter of pharynx/throat Beak size and preferred feed of different poultry species – Curints (1954) Beak size Size of length height width capacity preferred feed (mm) Day-old lapwing Day-old chicken Day-old poult Feeding behaviour – Interrelationship between to the visual and the tactile stimuli Feeding behaviour – Interrelationship between to the taste and the tactile stimuli • Insignificant importance at poultry farming • Goose: Consuming green plants Feeding behaviour – Factors influencing feed selection and feed intake Student presentation topic! • Inherited behavior • Hunger, appetite • Changes of the prefering of the types of feed • Energy content of feed Feeding behaviour – Practical aspects of feed consumption of hens • Feed intake movements • Changes in feed intake intensity • Feeding of day - old chicks Feeding behaviour – Drinking behaviour • Frequency and daily distribution in close correlation by feeding behaviour Social behaviour • Behaviour of the chicken embryo • Behaviour of the day-old chicks • Artificial environmental technological factors affecting the development of day-old chicks • Behavior of the young birds • The fighting/struggeling mode • Behavior of adult roosters Student presentation topic! • Behaviour of the capons • Behaviour of the hens • Duel/fightining of the roosters • Sexual behavior • Laying of eggs • Hatching/Incubation • Adaptation to poultry farm management • Binding to the nest • Impact of technological factors on hen behavior Social behaviour – The fighting/struggeling mode Fighting chicks before sexual maturity – Videl (1970) Bogner-Grauvogl (1984) Social behaviour – Duel/fightining of the roosters Social behaviour – Sexual behavior Courting and mating behavior of roosters Social behaviour – Sexual behavior Lighting Feed consumption day / hour , time Lighting Weeks of rearing (weeks of age) Lighting and feeding program (example) at the first 30 weeks of rearing (Rafai, 1999) Social behaviour – Artificial insemination of the turkeys Social behaviour – Artificial techniques of poultry insemination Massage of back and abdomen of Rooster semen collecting rooster before semen collecting Duck semen collecting Artifical insemination of a hen Social behaviour – Adaptation to poultry farm management • Poultry management with litter • Poultry management with cages • Poultry management with individual and/or extensive type • Aggression (see at: Abnormal behaviors) Social behaviour – Binding to the nest • Prefer for less lightened nests • Nest eggs - Litter eggs • Group - Individual nest • Cannibalism (placing nests in the less lit part of the barn) Social behaviour – Impact of technological (management) factors on hen behavior • Artificial lighting, lighting programs, sleeping periods • Intensive feed intake already 4-8 hours after hatching Stocking density, group size, spacing behaviour • Different for each bird species • Needs to take into consideration: • Bird species / Hibdrid type space requirements (technology requirements, guidelines) • Number of feeders, drinkers (- manufacturer's recommendations) • Other factors (season, customer requirements, etc.) Day old poults reception • K. Lorenz in 1973 at the award of the Nobel Prize. Kép forrása: https://s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/cdn.deccanchronicle.com/sites/default/files/New.jpg Thank you for your attention! Képek forrása: https://cdn1.spiegel.de/images/image-610445-860_poster_16x9-jyrn-610445.jpg
Recommended publications
  • Guide to Keeping Chickens

    Guide to Keeping Chickens

    Guide to Keeping Chickens Your eglu and chickens have arrived! Please take a Moving house can unsettle the chickens a little and moment to read through this guide which is full of initially they may be quite wary of you. Spending essential information, advice and tips on keeping only a small amount of time with them whenever you your chickens happy and healthy. There are also can will make a huge difference. Try feeding them a recommendations on how to keep your eglu in tip- little sweetcorn or some grapes by hand and before top condition, if you ever have a question thats not you know it you’ll be able to pick your chickens up answered here please call us or go online. whenever you want. Daily Care Open the eglu door When you get up you can let the chickens out of the eglu by opening the front door. If you are at home you may want to let your chickens out of the run as well. But if no- one is going to be in and you have foxes which are about during the day it will be safer to leave the chickens in the run. Remember not to let your chickens out of the Let your chickens eglu and run for the first five out in the morning days. So eggciting - the chickens are here! Check for eggs! Regular collection will help Online Club prevent any damage to the eggs and discourage your chickens from getting To meet up with other new and experienced chicken broody - see also the section keepers you should visit the Omlet forum and gallery.
  • By Danne Honour

    By Danne Honour

    BUFF COLORATION IN POULTRY 2007 BY D.J.HONOUR BY DANNE HONOUR PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1 BUFF COLORATION IN POULTRY 2007 BY D.J.HONOUR BUFF COLORATION IN POULTRY 2008 NOTE (Original done in four parts, part 1 1983, part 2 1984, part 3 1986, and part 4 1990) (Poultry covered here includes chickens and excludes other types of poultry) The purpose of this printing, is to furnish breeding information and direction in breeding “Buff’ colored varieties in our breeds of poultry. All four parts were combined for the first time in 2001 and this revised edition contains many more additional articles for 2008. No other booklet contains more articles on buff color breeding and history. A buff of buff. A connoisseur of beige. An admirer of manila. An enthusiast of camel. Edited and Published by Danne J. Honour Dedication; This book is dedicated to the breeders of Buff colored poultry both past and present; who fell in love with the buff color and it’s most fascinating beauty and unique breeding Danne J. Honour 1983 (TABLE OF CONTENTS INCLUDED IN THE BACK OF THE BOOK) PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2 BUFF COLORATION IN POULTRY 2007 BY D.J.HONOUR HOW TO BREED BUFF IN COCHINS BY H.N.HANCHETT Nov.1904 R.P.J. For the color of males, I favor a medium shade, perhaps a trifle darker than the color of a new gold coin; he should be even in color and with rich buff under color. Wings and tail should be as near solid buff as possible. The females; a shade lighter color than the male and buff to the skin.
  • Chicken Breeds

    Chicken Breeds

    8/12/2016 This presentation is part of an educational modular program designed to provide new and beginning farmers and ranchers with relevant information to initiate, improve and run their agricultural operations This program is funded by the Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program (BFRDP) USDA-NIFA-BFRDP 2010-03143 1 8/12/2016 POULTRY BREED CHOICES FOR SMALL FARMS This project is partly sponsored by USDA-NIFA-BFRDP 2010-03143. 2 8/12/2016 Before you start, have a goal! Select the breed that best fits your goals Breed Preservation – keeping breeds for going extinct Dual-purpose – both meat and eggs Meat production Egg production Developing your own breed – when you just can’t find a breed that meets your goals 3 8/12/2016 Know your market If your are producing meat what do your costumers want Yellow or white skin Large plump breast or lots of dark meat For egg production consider Size of the eggs Color of the eggs White, green, brown, dark brown, tinted or blue 4 8/12/2016 Introduction Chickens are traditionally classified into groups based on: Size Place of origin Shape Color 5 8/12/2016 Introduction Chickens come in two sizes: Standard or Large fowl These are the normal size birds Silkies Bantam A miniature size chicken or duck, usually about ¼ of the regular size Used mainly as ornamental birds Most are miniature copies of the large breeds Silkies have no large counterpart Some do have good egg production Eggs are smaller 6 8/12/2016 Terminology Class Typically refers to groups of birds from a
  • Pyncheon Bantams

    Pyncheon Bantams

    Volume 5, Number 1 Backyard February/March, 2010 PoultryDedicated to more and better small-flock poultry There’s Nothing Quite Like a Muscovy! Pg. 40 How to Photograph Your Flock Pg. 20 The Laying of an Egg An Amazing Process Pg.60 Plus: ...and more inside! 2 Backyard Poultry RANDALL BURKEY COMPANY Quality Animal Health Products since 1947 Live Baby Chicks Poultry Supplies Customer Services White Egg Layers Incubators & Brooders Free Catalog Brown Egg Layers Coops & Pens Friendly Operators Rare & Unique Breeds Nesting Boxes Web Shipping Special Bantams Medications One Year Warranty Turkeys & Waterfowl Feeders & Waterers Same Day Shipping* Guineas Egg Cartons *On in stock items ordered by 1pm CST Peafowl Books, CDs, & DVDs Toys & Treats Order by Phone 800-531-1097 Order Online randallburkey.com EverythingFebruary/March, 2010 you could want or needwww.backyardpoultrymag.com for poultry! 3 BACKYARD POULTRY Backyard 145 Industrial Dr. Medford, WI 54451 www.backyardpoultrymag.com 800-551-5691 Poultry Publisher: Dave Belanger Volume 5, Number 1 Editor: Elaine Belanger February/March, 2010 Managing Editor: Anne-marie Ida Editorial Assistant: Samantha Ingersoll Health: Circulation and Fulfillment: Laura From the Editor: Ching, Ellen Waichulis, Kate Tucker, Forget TV: Read Books to the The Answer Man .......................50 Chickens .......................................6 Kelly Weiler, Christine Barkley, The Laying of an Egg: An Gwendolyn Jones Bookstore: Ann Tom Reader’s Letters ......................8 Amazing Process .........................
  • Poultry Breeds

    Poultry Breeds

    e-edition Backyard Spring 2017 PoultryAmerica’s Favorite Poultry Magazine Small & Useful Bantam Breeds The World’s Most Unique Chickens A Storybook Life of a Polish Chicken Exploring Cherished Poultry Breeds www.CountrysideNetwork.com BACKYARD POUTLRY e-edition Spring 2017 1 Contents // e-edition Spring 2017 4 From the Editor 10 Poultry Talk Selecting a chicken breed. Ron Kean and Pam Freeman answer reader questions about their flocks. 6 Flock Photos Featuring photos from our Instagram 12 Poultry Breeds ... What Are They #backyardpoultryfelfie contest. Anyway? What is the true definition of a poultry 8 Something to Crow About breed and why does it matter? Reader-submitted letters. 15 BACKYARD POULTRY Resources 16 Unique Among Chickens Distinctions that separate some breeds from all others. 12 2 BACKYARD POUTLRY e-edition Spring 2017 22 Are Bantams Real Chickens? Yes! And for some, they are even ideal chickens. 25 Small & Useful Bantam Chickens Bantam breeds that prove good things come in small packages. 30 Wyandottes, An American Tradition Fall in love with one of the most prominent chicken breeds in America. 34 A Storybook Life of a Polish Chicken Jan Brett, author and illustrator, travels the world and raises world-class chickens. 37 Delawares A few poultry enthusiasts are passionately trying to recreate this entirely American bird. 40 16 40 Garfield Farm and the Java Chicken A second chance for one of America’s 34 oldest chicken breeds. 44 The Long Line of Brown Leghorns Explore the legacy of the most commonly kept breed. 50 The Fighting Story Behind Hawaii’s Feral Chickens Stray chicken-corralling is proving a costly venture in Hawaii.
  • The Chicken Encyclopedia the Chicken Encyclopedia

    The Chicken Encyclopedia the Chicken Encyclopedia

    THE CHICKEN ENCYCLOPEDIA THE CHICKEN ENCYCLOPEDIA AN ILLUSTRATED REFERENCE GAIL DAMEROW author of Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens i Storey Publishing The mission ofStorey Publishing is to serve our customers by publishing practical information that encourages personal independence in halwony with the environment. Edited by Deborah Burns Art direction and book design by Alethea Morrison Text production by Sourena Parham Cover and interior illustrations by © Bethany Caskey, except as noted on page 319 Interior photography credits appear on page 319 Indexed by Samantha Miller © 2012 by Gail Damerow All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credits; nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other - without written permission from the publisher. The information in this book is true and complete to the best of our knowledge. All recommendations are made without guarantee on the part of the author or Storey Publishing. The author and publisher disclaim any liability in connection with the use of this information. Storey books are available for special premium and promotional uses and for customized editions. For further information, please call 1-800-793-9396. Storey Publishing 210 MASS MoCA Way North Adams. MA 01247 W�tw.storey.com Printed in the United States by Versa Press 10 987654321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Damerow, Gail.

  • Introduction

    INTRODUCTION Peregrine Falcon standing on its prey, a pigeon; Jones Beach St. Pk., LI, NY; Feb. About the photographs Figure 1. Distribution of the Peregrine Falcon in North and Middle America and the western West Indies. This species also breeds in South America and locally worldwide. American birds winter from the dashed line south throughout the U.S. (except the Great Basin, Great Plains and Appalachians), Middle America, the West Indies, and South America. See text for details. Peregrine Falcom juvenile on a Swallow box; Jamaica Bay WR, Queens, NY; Feb. One of the most widely distributed of warm-blooded terrestrial vertebrates, the Peregrine Falcon occurs from the tundra to the Tropics, from wetlands to deserts, from maritime islands to continental forests, and from featureless plains to mountain crags—it is absent as a breeder only from the Amazon Basin, the Sahara Desert, most of the steppes of central and eastern Asia, and Antarctica. This depth and breadth of habitat reflects a prodigiously catholic diet that includes many hundreds of species of birds, some bats, and a few rodents, and yet a commonality of ways in which Peregrines pursue them. The presence of this species in the pristine landscape has no doubt influenced the morphological and behavioral evolution of countless avian species. Even so, some populations of Peregrines are food specialists; in the Pacific Northwest, for example, enormous numbers of a few marine bird species support one of the densest-known Peregrine populations. The often-held image of the Peregrine as a symbol of wilderness diminishes when one sees this falcon breeding on metropolitan bridges and urban skyscrapers or watches tundra migrants on their neotropical nonbreeding grounds speeding along traffic-jammed boulevards at streetlight height in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, or Buenos Aires, Argentina, chasing bats at sunset.
  • Hoover's Hatchery 2020 Quick Reference Chicken Breeds

    Hoover's Hatchery 2020 Quick Reference Chicken Breeds

    Hoover's Hatchery 2020 Quick Reference Chicken Breeds Mothering Approx Cold Heat Purebred Laying/ Avg. live wgt Conservation Coop/Free- Heritag Winter Chicken Breed Temperament Use Bird color / . Egg size Egg Color Hard Hard APA Class /Breeds Maturit female/male Status Range e layer Broodiness eggs/yr y y True yAge Amberlink Docile, Mellow 5.5 Layer White/Red Seldom 270 Medium Brown Yes Yes N/A N/A Confine well No 4-5 mo Americana/Easter Egger Docile, Friendly 5.5 Colored Eggs Varies Poor 240 Medium Colored Yes Yes N/A N/A Confine well No 5-7 mo Ancona Friendly, Very Active, Vocal 4/5 Layer Black/White Poor 220 Large White Yes Yes Mediterranean Watch Free Range Yes Yes 5 mo * Asian Black Docile, Energetic 4/5 Dual Purpose Black Seldom 250 Medium Brown Yes Yes N/A N/A Confine well Yes 5-6 mo Asstd English Docile, Calm, Gentle, Friendly 7.5/9 Dual Purpose Varies Good 150 Large Brown Yes Yes English N/A Confine well Yes Yes 6-8mo * Barnevelder Docile, Curious, Active, Gentle 5.5 Dual Purpose Brown/Black Good 160 Large Dk Brown Yes Yes Continental N/A Confine well Yes 6-8 mo * Barred Plymouth Rock Docile, Easy to Care For 5.5 Dual Purpose Black Barred Seldom 250 Large Brown Yes Yes American Recovering Confine well Yes Yes 4-5 mo * Black Australorp Docile, Calm, Good with Kids 6.5/8 Dual Purpose Black Excellent 250 Large Brown Yes Yes English Recovering Confine well Yes Yes 4-5 mo * Black Sex Link Docile, Easy to Care For 5 Layer Black Seldom 265 Large Brown Yes Yes N/A N/A Confine well No 4-5 mo * Blue Andalusian Friendly, Very Active, Vocal
  • Poultry Breeds

    Poultry Breeds

    Volume 11, Number 4 Backyard August/September 2016 PoultryDedicated to more and better small-flock poultry The Coolest A Vocabulary of 2016 Guide for Coops NEW CHICKEN OWNERS Cooking with OSTRICH EGGS A Profile of the AFRICAN GOOSE $4.99 US www.countrysidenetwork.com Backyard Poultry FP 12-15 THINK:Mother Earth 4.5 x7 12/17/15 3:20 PM Page 1 SATISFACTION GUARANTEED oryourmoneyback! To Protect Your Property From Night Predator Animals Nite•Guard Solar® has been proven effective in repelling predator animals for the past 19 years. #1 Nite•Guard Solar attacks the deepest most primal The World’s fear of night animals, that of being discovered. Top Selling Solar Powered Nite•Guard When the sun goes down, Nite•Guard begins to Security System Repellent Tape DON’T BE FOOLED BY Keeps predators flash and continues until sunrise. The simple COPY CATS away during the but effective fact is that a “flash of light” is daylight hours sensed as an eye and becomes an immediate 95 $14 Per Roll threat to the most ferocious night animals and they will run away. PO Box 274 • Princeton MN 55371 • 1.800.328.6647 ......................... For information and videos, see us at FAMILY OWNED AND OPERATED SINCE 1997 www.niteguard.com ......................... NO EGG DISCARD ALL NATURAL FORMULATED FOR CHICKENS, TURKEYS, DUCKS, GEESE, DOMESTIC POULTRY, AND WATERFOWL OF ALL AGES Now there is a comprehensive, safe, and effective way to help protect poultry health ® The Backyard Chicken™ Health Pack is designed to ZYFEND A improve intestinal health, provide safe drinking water, n Use during worm infestations to help offset and help protect poultry from worm related issues.
  • British Poultry Standards

    British Poultry Standards

    British Poultry Standards Complete specifi cations and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist Breed Clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain Sixth Edition Edited by Victoria Roberts BVSc MRCVS Honorary Veterinary Surgeon to the Poultry Club of Great Britain Council Member, Poultry Club of Great Britain This edition fi rst published 2008 © 2008 Poultry Club of Great Britain Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing programme has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered offi ce John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial offi ce 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of the author to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
  • Some Aspects of Reproductive Behavior of American Coots (Fulica Americana) Leigh Harry Fredrickson Iowa State University

    Some Aspects of Reproductive Behavior of American Coots (Fulica Americana) Leigh Harry Fredrickson Iowa State University

    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1967 Some aspects of reproductive behavior of American coots (Fulica americana) Leigh Harry Fredrickson Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Fredrickson, Leigh Harry, "Some aspects of reproductive behavior of American coots (Fulica americana) " (1967). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 3931. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/3931 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microiilmed exactly as received 67-12,957 FREDRICKSON, Leigh Harry, 1939- SOME ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF AMERICAN COOTS (FULICA AMERICANA). Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ph.D.5 1967 Zoology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan SOME ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF AMERICAN COOTS (FULICA AMERICANA) by Leigh Harry Fredrickson A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Zoology Approved ; Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major Work Signature was redacted
  • Poultry Breed Chicken

    Poultry Breed Chicken

    Poultry Breed Chicken Birds of distinct type and color patterns admitted to the standard are termed as standard breed. They are further classified as: 1. Class 2. Breed 3. Variety 4. Strain Class It is used to designate groups of breeds which have been developed in certain region or geographical areas. The classes with examples are as - 1. Asiatic class: Brahma, Cochin, Langshan 2. American class: Rhode Island Red (RIR), New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock, Jersey Black Giant, Wyandotte etc 3. English class: Australorp, Sussex, Cornish, Dorking, Orpington etc 4. Mediterranean class: Leghorn, Fayoumi, Minorca, Ancona, Andalusian etc Breed An established group of bird having the same geographical origin, general bony shape, weight and some well fixed distinguished characteristics that are not observed in another bird of the same species and the birds are able to transmit these characteristics to their offspring generation after generation. Variety Variety represents a sub division of a breed, distinguished either by color pattern, shape, comb type, feather pattern. For example in Leghorns, some varieties are White Leghorn and Black Leghorn, Single Comb White Leghorn and Rose Comb Leghorn etc. Strain Chicken which has been developed by the poultry breeder by introducing certain economic traits in the bird. Chicken of chicken on the basis of purpose or utility: 1. Egg type: Leghorn, Fayoumi, Minorca, Ancona, Andalusian etc 2. Meat type: Cornish, Plymouth Rock, Jersey Black Giant, Brahma, Cochin, Langshan, Asil, Malay etc 3. Dual type: Rhode Island Red (RIR), New Hampshire, Australorp, Sussex etc 4. Game bird: Asil, Malay 5. Ornamental: Ancona, Brahma, Cochin, Crested chicken etc Chicken Resources of Bangladesh Poultry is a promising sector for poverty reduction in Bangladesh.