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Effectiveness of Infrastructure Flood Control Due to Development Upstream Land Use: Case Study of Ciliwung Watershed Siti Murniningsih, Evi Anggraheni

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Effectiveness of Infrastructure Flood Control Due to Development Upstream Land Use: Case Study of Ciliwung Watershed Siti Murniningsih, Evi Anggraheni World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering Vol:10, No:2, 2016 Effectiveness of Infrastructure Flood Control Due to Development Upstream Land Use: Case Study of Ciliwung Watershed Siti Murniningsih, Evi Anggraheni This causes flood in the residential areas. For example, some Abstract—Various infrastructures such as dams, flood control households in Kampung Melayu, East Jakarta, are located on dams and reservoirs have been developed in the 19th century until the the banks of the river, so during the rainy season, these areas 20th century. These infrastructures are very effective in controlling the are flooded as a result of living in the river banks. This also river flows and in preventing inundation in the urban area prone to happens in other residential areas along Ciliwung River to the flooding. Flooding in the urban area often brings large impact, affecting every aspect of life and also environment. Ciliwung is one of border of Jakarta - Bogor. the rivers allegedly contributes to the flooding problems in Jakarta; Various efforts have been made by the government in various engineering work has been done in Ciliwung river to help responding to the floods, both structural and non-structural. controlling the flooding. One of the engineering work is to build Ciawi Structural flood control system in Ciliwung includes the Dam and Sukamahi Dam. In this research, author is doing the flood manufacture of a number of water gates or flood observation calculation with Nakayasu Method, while the previous flooding in that post, flood prevention to a certain height with dikes, and also case study is computed using Level Pool Routine. The effectiveness of these dams can be identified by using flood simulation of existing lowering the water level by normalization, diversion, canal, and condition and compare it to the flood simulation after the dam interconnection of the rivers. The core concept of the flood construction. The final goal of this study is to determine the channel is controlling the flow of water from upstream and effectiveness of flood mitigation infrastructure located at upstream regulating the volume of water coming into Jakarta. In addition, area in reducing the volume of flooding in Jakarta. the government also seeks to reduce the flood discharge at the dam as well as attempting to reduce the pool of the polder Keywords—Effectiveness, flood simulation, infrastructure pumping and drainage system. The main problem in the control flooding, level pool routine. rainfall runoff in urban areas generally consists of the need to control the depth of peak discharge and flow throughout the I. INTRODUCTION system, in order to avoid unwanted puddles. Fig. 1 is an AND arrangement in upstream areas has influence on the overview map of the 13 rivers that pass Jakarta and water Lrunoff in the downstream area. If the downstream area of a management system in Jakarta. watershed is urban area, it can be ascertained that the flooding Damping peak discharge using the reservoirs is a common will be a threat to the urban areas. It is like in the capital Jakarta alternative. This reservoir has the added advantage of allowing in which Ciliwung river coming from the highlands, located in the ongoing infiltration and evaporation so that in addition to the border district of Bogor and Cianjur Regency (Gunung dampen peak flows, they also reduce runoff volume. Reservoirs Gede, Gunung Pangrango and Puncak area), which is the such as dams can also be a sediments reservoir in addition of longest river in the Greater Jakarta area with a length of nearly being water quality control. Fig. 2 shows rain runoff 2 120 km and Waterbasin area of 387 km [1]. management approaches in sequence according to the Jakarta city is located below the surface tides and traversed Minnesota Storm Water Steering Committee [2]. by 13 rivers [1], in which one of them is Ciliwung River. Because Ciliwung River is the largest river that crosses Jakarta, it has the greatest impact in the rainy season since it flows across many villages, densely populated residential and slum settlements. Due to changes in land use and uncontrolled use of International Science Index, Environmental and Ecological Engineering Vol:10, No:2, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10005897 river banks for settlement and population activities; such as changes of floodplain area into residential areas; the water level is often high, which is actually still in the original river profile. Siti Murniningsih is Head of Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and River, Civil Engineering Department, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; (e-mail: [email protected]). Evi Anggraheni is Doctorate Program Student with the Civil Engineering Department, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia (e-mail: [email protected]). International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(2) 2016 269 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10005897 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering Vol:10, No:2, 2016 SISTEMWATER TATA MANAGEMENT AIR DI PROPINSI SYSTEM INDKI JAKARTA JAKARTA Cakung drain West Banjir Kanal Cengkareng Drain Banjir Kanal Barat Renc.BanjirEast Banjir KanalKanal Timur K. Mookervart K. Angke K. Cakung K. Pesanggrahan K. Jati Kramat K. Buaran K. Grogol K. Sunter K. Krukut K.Baru Brt K. Cipinang K. Ciliwung K.Baru Tmr Fig. 1 Water Management System in Jakarta RUNOFF RAIN CHAIN POLLUTANTS MANAGEMENT APPROACH PREVENTION INFRASTRUCTURE MINIMIZE TO MINIMIZE RUNOFF RUNOFF VOLUME VOLUME AND POLLUTANTS RECEIVING WATER WATER BODIES TREATMENT Fig. 2 Runoff Rain Chain Management Approach With rainfall runoff chain management approach, it is construction of these reservoirs, it is expected that the volume possible to initiate the management of rainfall runoff by using of flooding in the Jakarta area can be reduced. In addition, this a simple method that can minimize the amount of runoff that study also aims to examine the effectiveness of dam comes from an area. This management is and also a method that construction of Ciawi and Sukamahi as one of the infrastructure International Science Index, Environmental and Ecological Engineering Vol:10, No:2, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10005897 can prevent contaminants accumulating on the surface of the that will function as a means of flood control Jakarta. land carried by rain runoff. Although it is recognized that this goal will be very difficult to achieve, with the implementation II. LITERATURE REVIEW of a variety of facilities/infrastructure to minimize the volume Land use in the upstream region has actually been done since of runoff and pollutants, this management will reduce runoff the days of the Netherlands occupation. In 1920, Von Breen volume and pollutant content originating from an area [3]. anticipated the opening of the tea gardens in Puncak area that The results of studies on the construction of Ciawi and will alter land use in the upstream region into plantation crops Sukamahi dams at Ciliwung water basin on the upstream side [1]. Thus, there will be changes in the pattern of runoff water in as a retention pond or reservoir retention is an illustration of the the downstream area. To prevent the overflow basin in concept application of this rain runoff management. By the Ciliwung River through the city of Batavia, construction of International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(2) 2016 270 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10005897 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering Vol:10, No:2, 2016 canals to drain flood peak of Ciliwung river to the canal was planned, in which they meet with the Krukut river as shown in Fig. 1. 1-36 Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung-BKB 1 Sub-sub Catch Tomang Rawa Kepa 2 Sub-sub Catch Sekretaris 3 Sub-sub Catch Grogol Lower 4 Sub-sub Catch Krukut 5 Sub-sub Catch Melati Ponds MAP OF SUB-CATCHMENT CILIWUNG-BKB, ANGKE- 6 Sub-sub Catch Setiabudi Ponds CENGKARENG DRAIN 7 Sub-sub Catch Cideng 8 Sub-sub Catch West Kalibaru NOTES : TANGERANG REGION 9 Sub-sub Catch Kalibaru 10 Sub-sub Catch Condet River/Drainage 11 Sub-sub Catch Gongseng Administration Boundary KOTA Toll Road BEKASI 12 Sub-sub Catch UI 13 Sub-sub Catch Sugutamu Railway 14 Sub-sub Catch Cikumpa Catchment Boundary 15 Sub-sub Catch Ciluar Catchment Ciliwung-BKB 16 Sub-sub Catch Ciparigi Catchment Angke- 17 Sub-sub Catch Ciseuseupan Cengkareng Drain 18Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 2 A-O Sub-sub Catchment Angke- 19Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 3 Cengkareng Drain 20Sub-sub Catch Ciesek A Sub-sub Catchment 21Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 4 Mookervart B Sub-sub Catchment Cantiga 22 Sub-sub Catch Cisukabirus C Sub-sub Catchment Ciputat 23Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 7 D Sub-sub Catchment Wetan- 24Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 6 Serua 25Sub-sub Catch Cisarua E Sub-sub Catchment Ciater F Sub-sub Catchment Cibenda 26Sub-sub Catch Cilember G Sub-sub Catchment Kayang- 27Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 9 West Cigede BEKASI REGION 28Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 19 H Sub-sub Catchment Curug 29Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 12 I Sub-sub Catchment Cikeuneuh 30 Sub-sub Catch Cimegamendung JSub-sub Catchment Ulujami K Sub-sub Catchment Upper 31Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 17 Grogol 32Sub-sub Catch Cisampay L Sub-sub Catchment Gintung Notes : 33Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 16 M Sub-sub Catchment Caringin KOTA = CITY 34Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 15 M Sub-sub Catchment Pesanggrahan 35Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 13 O Sub-sub Catchment Sepak 36Sub-sub Catch Ciliwung Branch 10 Meruya MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF WATER RESOURCES, JAKARTA Fig. 3 Ciliwung River Waterbasin BASICPRINSIP PRINCIPLES DASAR OF PENGENDALIAN FLOOD CONTROL BANJIR BATAVIA/JAKARTA JAKARTA JAVAL A SEAU T PompaP Pompa Pompa WADUK P WADUKPS WADUK P PS PS WADUK Daerah Rendah RB Pengaliran Dengan Mekanisasi PompaP ( Sistem Polder ) WADUKRB WADUKRB Main Drain WADUKRB Daerah Cukup Tinggi Pengaliran Dengan Grafitasi WEST BANJIR KANAL BANJIR KANAL BARAT (7.500 ha) SUNGAIRiver Flow YG troughMASUK DKI DKI Jakarta JAKARTA BANJIREAST KANAL BANJIR TIMUR KANAL (16.500 ha) Reservoir a.
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