Map 27 Carthaginiensis Compiled by P.O. Spann, 1996

Introduction

For most of the named ancient settlements in the region covered by the map, the essential reference works are Tovar (1974; l989) and Sillières (l990). The preponderance of settlement was south of the Sierra Morena (ancient Marianus Mons) and along the east coast. Iron Age Iberian settlements of no known ancient name are too numerous here to be fully represented at this scale. Since they are largely unexcavated and their status (as oppidum or vicus) can therefore only be conjectured, most have been omitted. Further coverage of them is offered by Almagro-Gorbea (l987), Blanquez Perez (l992), and Ruiz Rodríguez (l987; l993). Likewise the Talayotic culture and Punic settlement of the (Guerrero Ayuso l985; Harrison l988) cannot be adequately indicated at this scale. The archaeological sites with no known ancient name that are marked thus represent only a small portion of the settlements which existed throughout the region; they are primarily those which relate to the road system in Roman times. In general, Galsterer (l97l) is the authority for towns with titled or municipal status. Many, however, cannot be marked because their conjectured locations are too insecure. Sillières (l990) provides the most recent and reliable account of the ancient road system in the southern part of the map. Corzo Sánchez (l992) can differ from Sillières and should also be consulted for roads in Andalucía. Roldán Hervás (l975) presents a very general discussion of the road system north of the Sierra Morena, and Palomero Plaza (l987) provides a comprehensive account of roads through the . Many of the ancient roads and stations in the north-west part of the map have not been securely identified. Roads marked as major are those appearing in ItAnt and on the Vicarello Cups (Roldán Hervás 1975, 149-60). Roads attested by milestones or by confirmed archaeological remains are only marked as minor, however, even when they may have equaled in importance those appearing in the ancient itineraries. Fernández Casado (l972; l980) provides the primary works used for aqueducts and bridges. Many bridges thought to be Roman are omitted because of questionable dating. For villas, the main works of reference are Gorges (l979) and Fernández Castro (l982). Only villas with significant remains or mosaics are marked. Ancient mines are documented by Domergue (l990). In the Sierra Morena there are too many individual mines to indicate in detail at this scale, especially around Linares and . The mine clusters marked, however, should not be taken to signify dense population in these areas. Caballero Zoreda (1982) has been used for dams, not only in the but elsewhere as well. Canto (l977) covers quarries. Such evidence as may be said to exist for centuriation is too dubious for this feature to be marked. For centuriation in Andalucía, consult with caution Corzo Sánchez (l992). No attempt has been made to alter the coastline from its modern configuration. In general, it appears that no significant changes of sea level have occurred since antiquity (Flemming l969, 4, l4-l7); such ancient evidence as exists–around Saguntum and Valentia, for example–is either contradictory or indicative of no change (Schulten l959 I, 408-l1). To be sure, silting of river mouths and lagoons has occurred (Schulten l959 I, 408-l1; II, l16-l7), but it cannot be indicated effectively at this scale. On specific changes, consult Scullard (l970, 48-52) for Cartagena; Harrison (l988) for southern coastal Phoenician-Carthaginian settlements; and Flemming (l969, l4-l7) for the stretch of coast from Málaga to . No good evidence exists for large lakes, although the number of “lagunas” of Ruidera on the upper R. (ancient Anas) was perhaps somewhat greater in antiquity than now (Schulten 1959 II, l14-l5). MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS 441

Directory All place names are in

Abbreviations

CILA Corpus de inscripciones latinas de Andalucia, Seville, 1989- THA J. Mangas and D. Plácido (eds.), Testimonia Hispaniae Antiqua I: Avieno, Ora maritima: descriptio orbis terrae phaenomena, , 1994 TIR Caesaraugusta Tabula Imperii Romani K-30, Madrid: Caesaraugusta, Clunia, Madrid, 1993 TIR Tarraco Tabula Imperii Romani K/J-31, Pyrénées Orientales-Baleares: Tarraco, Baliares, Madrid, 1997

Names

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B5 Abdera ACHRL Adra Tovar 1974, 83-84 § Abdara C4 Ab(ou)la/ RL ? Tovar 1989, 146-48 Al(a)ba A4 Abra HR l.5 miles W Tovar 1974, 106; F. Fernández Gómez Torredonjimeno B4 Acci/ HRL Guadix Tovar 1989, 148-50 Col. Iulia Gemella E3 Ad Aras HR near Fuente la Higuera? Sillières 1990, 272 B3 Ad Aras HR La Caracolera? 3 miles SE Sillières 1990, 274 Linares A4 Ad Decumum See Map 26 B3 Ad Duo Solaria R near Montizón? Sillières 1990, 273-74 E3 Ad Ello? RL El Monastil (Elda) Sillières 1990, 371-72 A4 Ad Gemellas? RL S Benamejí Sillières 1990, 417-18; Caballos 1996, 265-75 E3 Ad Leones RL El Salador?, S Sillières 1990, 355 A4 Ad Lucos HR near Montoro Sillières 1990, 359 B3 Ad Morum HR near Navas de S. Juan? Sillières 1990, 274 C4 Ad Morum RL El Jardín?, 5 miles E Tovar 1989, 159; Sillières 1990, 287 Vélez Blanco B2 (Ad) Murum RL Los Romeros?, 10 miles Tovar 1989, 180; Fernández Ochoa 1990 SE de S. Juan B3 Ad Novlas HR Sillières 1990, 312 E2 Ad Novlas HR 3 miles W Castellón de la TIR Tarraco 31 Plana? D3 Ad Palem? RL Cerro de los Santos, NW Sillières 1990, 272 Yecla D2 Ad Putea RL Ledaña? Palomero Plaza 1987, 158; Tovar 1989, 220 E3 Ad Statuas? RL Mogente Sillières 1990, 271 B3 Ad Turres RL by Torrenueva? Sillières 1990, 377 E3 Ad Turres?/ HR/ Fuente la Higuera Sillières 1990, 271-72, 883 Turres Saetab(...)? RL B4 Agatucci? RL W Alicún de Ortega Sillières 1990, 288 § Acatucci A4 Aiungi HR ½ mile SW González Román 1995, 210-13 § Respublica Aiungitan(o)rum Al(a)ba = Ab(ou)la B2 Alaba R Argamasilla de Alba? Tovar 1989, 221 Alba = Ab(ou)la C4 HR Canto 1977, 182 B2 Alce(s) HRL 12 miles N Alcázar de S. Roldán Hervás 1975, 211; §Alea Juan Tovar 1989, 216, 233 E3 Alcoy HR Almagro-Gorbea 1987, 26 442 MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

A3 La Alcudia HR Valle de Alcudia, S and E Domergue 1990, 190, 202 Puertollano E3 Algorós RL Gorges 1979, 181-82 D4 Almería HRL near Vera Domergue 1990, 64, 191, 203, 216, 567 E3 Alonis Ins. R Plana Is.ibl Tovar 1989, 205; Sillières 1990, 346 E3 Alonis CHRL S. Pola? Tovar 1989, 205-206; Sillières 1990, 346 A2 Anas fl. POR / SPN See Map 26 A4 Antequera HR limestone quarry Canto 1977, 181 A4 Anticaria RL Antequera Tovar 1974, 134-35 B4 El Apero RL Gorges 1979, 271 A5 Aratispi RL near Cauche el Viejo, 3 Tovar 1974, 133 § Rataspem L miles N Casabermeja D3 Archena HR Cabezo del Tío Pío, E Sillières 1990, 387 Archena G2 La Argentera HR Ibiza Is. Domergue 1990, 64, 567 Arse = Saguntum A5 Ascua/ HR Cerro de León, 1.2 miles S Tovar 1974, 134 Osqua Villanueva de la Concepción Aspis = (I)Aspis D3 Asso R La Encarnación, 6 miles S Tovar 1989, 160; Sillières 1990, 553 Caravaca de la Cruz A4 Ategua HR Cortijo de Teba la Vieja Tovar 1974, 101; Escacena (S. Cruz)? Carrasco 1985, 291-92 AugustaGemella=Tucci B4 Aurgi/ HRL Jaén Galsterer 1971, 69; Tovar 1989, 152-53 Orongis §Auringis

B4 Bactara? RL Cerro Forruchú Tovar 1989, 156; Sillières 1990, 398-99 (Villanueva de las Torres) B4 Baebelo? HR Puente del Arzobispo Tovar 1989, 154-55 B3 Baecula? H Bailén Tovar 1974, 152; 1989, 153-54 §Baikor B3 *Baesucci HR Vilches? Tovar 1989, l55 A3 Baetis/ See Map 26 Certis fl. inset Baliares/ CHRL Mallorca and Menorca Tovar 1989, 243-79; TIR Tarraco 42-43 Gymnesiae Inss. (Maior et Minor) F2 Baliaricum Mare HRL S and E coastal waters Tovar 1989, 256; TIR Tarraco 85-86 F3 Baños de la Reina RL Calpe Gorges 1979, 181 D4 Baria CHRL Villaricos Tovar 1989, 161-63 D2 Barranca de S. Filomena HR near Aliaguila Domergue 1990, 64, 567 C4 Bastetania HRL area of SE and S central Tovar 1974, 26-27; 1989, 26-27, 143-70 § Bastetani Hispania, S Granatula § Bastuli C4 Basti HRL Baza Tovar 1989, 157 E3 La Bastida HR LasBastidadelesAluses, Sillières 1990, 271 Moixent / Mogente A4 *Batora R Torre Vencelá?, NW Sillières 1990, 289 (n. 163); CIL 2.2.7, Torredonjimeno Tab. Geogr. II; D3 Begastrum RL SE Cehegín Tovar 1989, 163 § Bigastrum inset *Bocchori HRL? N point of Mallorca Is. TIR Tarraco 50 E2 La Bombilla RL Liria Gorges 1979, 429 A4 Bora HR Cerro de S. Cristobal? / Tovar 1974, 105; F. Fernández Gómez Las Casillas de Martos?, 5 miles SSW Martos inset Buñola HR on Mallorca Is. Domergue 1990, 64, 567

F1 Cabanes RL arch Keay 1988, 222 MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS 443

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

F3 Cabo de la Nao HR Domergue 1990, 64, 164, 567 A2 Caesarobriga HR Tovar 1976, 236 B4 Calecula/ R/ Daragoleja (Pinos Puente) Tovar 1974, 136 Callicula R A4 Calpurniana RL Cerro de Hornillo? Sillières 1990, 322; CIL 2.2.7, 49-53 (Cañete de las Torres) C3 Camino Viejo de las RL Balazote Gorges 1979, 179 Sepulturas A4 Campillo Bajo HRL 3 miles W Villafranca de Sillières 1990, 314-15 Córdoba B3 Cantigi HR Cerro de la Plaza de CIL 2.5067; CIL 2.2.7, 16-17 Armas, N and E Espelúy inset Capraria Ins. HRL Cabrera Is., S Mallorca Is. Tovar 1989, 249; TIR Tarraco 56 §CapriaIns. L C3 Caput fl. Anae? RL Ossa de Montiel Tovar 1989, 179 B1 Carac(c)a HRL Carabaña? Knapp 1992, 171; TIR Caesaraugusta 81-82 § Charakitanoi? H D3 Caravaca HR Murcia D. Plácido A4 Carnicería de los Moros L Antequera Gorges 1979, 303 B3 La Carolina HRL Domergue 1990, 190, 202, 215 A3 Carcuvium? HR Caracuel, N Puertollano Sillières 1990, 375-78 A1 ACHR central meseta around R. Tovar 1976, 194-95; TIR Caesaraugusta § Tajo 83-84 D4 Cartagena-Mazarrón HRL Domergue 1990, 63-64, 191, 203, 216 E4 Carthago Nova/ HRL Cartagena Tovar 1989, 190-97 Col. Urbs Iulia § Carthago Spartaria G5 Cartenna ALG See Map 30 A5 Cartima HR Cártama Tovar 1974, 132 E4 El Castillet HRL Cabo de Palos Gorges 1979, 309 A4 Castra Postumiana? H Cerro de Harinilla, 8 miles Tovar 1974, 100 NE Fernán Nuñez A4 Castro del Río R Tovar 1974, 102 B3 Castulo CHRL Cortijos de S. Eufemia y Wiegels 1985, 106; Tovar 1989, 173-77 § Caesarii Iuvenales de Yangues, 4.4 miles S Linares B3 Castulonensis Saltus HR Sierra Morena, N Linares Sillières 1990, 556 B5 Caviclum? RL Torrox, W Málaga Tovar 1974, 80 B1 Celtiberia See Map 25 B5 Cerro de Conjuro HR 15 miles NE Motril Domergue 1990, 64, 567 D2 Cerro de la Mina HR near Domergue 1990, 64, 567 B3 Cerro de las Cabezas HR Valdepeñas Almagro-Gorbea 1987, 24 D3 Cerro de los Santos HR Harrison 1988, 130-31; Sillières 1990, 272 (n. 64) A5 Cerro del Villar HRL SW Málaga Sillières 1990, 352 A3 Cerro Muriano See Map 26 Certis fl. = Baetis fl. C5 Charidemos Pr. R Cabo de Gata Tovar 1989, 143 A4 Cisimbrium HR Zambra, 5 miles E Lucena Tovar 1974, 123 Claritas Iulia = Ucubi A4 Colina de los Quemados See Map 26 Col. Augusta Gemella = Tucci Col. Claritas Iulia = Ucubi Col. Iulia Gemella = Acci Col. Urbs Iulia = Carthago Nova F2 Colubraria? Ins. R Columbrete Grande Schulten 1959 I, 355-56; Tovar 1989, 248; TIR Tarraco 65 G3 Colubraria/ HR Formentera TIR Tarraco 65 Ophiussa Ins. 444 MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B2 Consabura/ HRL Tovar 1989, 222-24 Consabrum § Kondabora D3 Contestania HR SE coastal area, E Tovar 1989, 31, 189-214 § Bastetania up to R. Júcar (Xúquer) C4 Cueva de la Paloma HR 12 miles NE Gergal Domergue 1990, 64, 567

F3 Dianium/ CHRL Denia Tovar 1989, 207-10 Hemeroskopeion

B4 Ebura R Alcalá la Real Tovar 1974, 182 § Cerialis G3 Ebusus ACHRL Eivisa (Ibiza) TIR Tarraco 70 G2 Ebusus Ins. ACHRL Ibiza Is. TIR Tarraco 70-71 Ecclesia Elotana = Ilici B3 Edeba R Torrenueva Tovar 1989, 184; Sillières 1990, 377 E2 Edeta/ CHR/ Lliria Tovar 1989, 289 Leiria CH E2 Edetania HR E coastal area from R. Tovar 1989, 32-33, 281-92 § Edetani Júcar (Xúquer) to R. § ? Egabrum = Igabrum C3 ElchedelaSierra HR D. Plácido D4 Eliocroca? HRL Lorca Sillières 1990, 275-77 Epagrum = Ipagrum A3 Epora HRL Montoro Tovar 1974, 104; CIL 2.2.7, 40 § Epora Foederatorum F1 Etobesa/ HR Oropesa Tovar 1989, 291 Etouissa?

B5 El Faro RL Torrox Gorges 1979, 307 F3 Ferrarium/ R/ Cabo de la Nao Schulten 1959 I, 330-31 Tenebrium Pr. R D4 Ficariensis Locus? R Mazarrón Tovar 1989, 166 D3 Fortuna HR Cueva Negra, 13 miles N González Blanco 1987 Murcia B4 Fraxinum? RL Los Castellones de Ceal Tovar 1989, 156; Sillières 1990, 392, 399 () C1 Fuente de Baños L Albalete de las Nogueras TIR Caesaraugusta 118-19 B3 Fuente de la Pañuela L Santistebán del Puerto Gorges 1979, 272 A4 Fuente de las Piedras RL Cabra Gorges 1979, 249

B3 Giribaile HR 10 miles E Linares Sillières 1977, 32 (n. 8) inset Guium? R Ses Salines Tovar 1989, 278; TIR Tarraco 84-85 § Cinium G5 Gunugu ALG See Map 30 Gymnesiae Inss. = Baliares Inss.

A5 Hacienda de Manguarra y See Map 26 S. José Helike = Ilici Hemeroskopeion = Dianium Hippo Nova = Iponuba B4 Hoyo de la Campana HR Domergue 1990, 64, 193-94 inset Iamo/ HRL Ciudadela?, on Menorca Tovar 1989, 277-78; TIR Tarraco 88 Iamna Is. E3 (I)Aspis RL Castillo de Aspe (Aspe) Tovar 1989, 205; Sillières 1990, 372 D5 Ibericum Mare See Map 1 MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS 445

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

A4 Igabrum/ RL/ Cabra Tovar 1974, 121-22 Egabrum L § Municipium Iulium F1 Ildum HRL Els Hostalots (Vilanova de Morote Barbera 1979, 151 ) B4 Iliberri HRL Granada Galsterer 1971, 66; Tovar 1974, 137-38 § Elvira L § Municipium Florentinum E3 Ilici/ ACHRL/ Alcudia de Elche Tovar 1989, 198-200 Helike/ HR/ Ecclesia Elotana L E3 Ilicitanus Sinus R Bay of Alicante Schulten 1959 I, 330 B4 Iliturgi HRL Cerro Máquiz, E Tovar 1974, 109-10; Sillières 1990, 317 § Forum Iulium Mengíbar A4 Iliturgicola R Cerro de las Cabezas? Tovar 1974, 123; Stylow 1983, 279 (Fuente-Tójar) E3 Illikitanos Limen RL near Santa Pola Tovar 1989, 201 D3 Ilorci HRL Lorquí? (contra Tovar Tipps 1991, 83-90 § Ilourgeia 1989, 163-65) D3 Ilounon? CHRL Tolmo de Minateda Tovar 1989, 157-58; Sillières 1990, 389 B3 Ilugo HR 1.2 miles N Santistebandel Tovar 1989, 183 Puerto B4 Ilurco R Cerro de los Infantes, 1 Tovar 1974, 136-37; Sillières 1990, 555 mile NW Pinos Puente A5 Iluro See Map 26 D2 Iniesta RL Palomero Plaza 1987, 159-60 H5 Iol Caesarea ALG See Map 30 A4 Ipagrum/ See Map 26 Epagrum A4 Ipolcobulcola R Carcabuey, W de Galsterer 1971, 66; Tovar 1974, 122; § Municipium Córdoba Stylow 1983, 275, 279 Polconensium A4 Iponuba/ R Cerro de Minguillar, SE Tovar 1974, 118 Hippo Nova Baena A4 *Ipsca HR Cortijo de Iscar, 4 miles E Tovar 1974, 102 § Municipium Castro del Río Contributum Ipscense A4 I(p)tuci HR Torreparedones?, 10 miles Galsterer 1971, 67; Tovar 1974, 131 § Col. Virtus Iulia N Baena A3 Isturgi RL? de Andújar Tovar 1974, 109 § Municipium Triumphale Ituci = I(p)tuci Iulia Gemella = Acci

D3 Jumilla HRL Coimbra del Barranco Gorges 1979, 311-12; Ancho Almagro-Gorbea 1987, 26

A4 El Laderón HR SW Doña Mencia Sillières 1990, 508 B3 Laminium HRL ? Tovar 1989, 180; Fernández Ochoa 1990 Leiria = Edeta B4 Letrania RL Guerrero Pulido 1988, 393-402 C3 Libisosa HRL Lezuza Tovar 1989, 178 §ColoniaForum Augustum B3 Linares HRL Domergue 1990, 190, 202, 215 D1 Lobetanoi R E central Hispania, around Tovar 1989, 94, 185-86; TIR Caesaraugusta Albarracín 141-42 D4 Longuntica H Aguilas?, W Cartagena Tovar 1989, 165-66 A3 Los Pedroches See Map 26 446 MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

E3 HRL in or near Alicante PECS 527-28; Tovar 1989, 201-204 § Akra Leuke? § Castrum Album? A4 Luque HR Canto 1977, 182

C4 HR Canto 1977, 171 A5 Maenuba fl. R Vélez Schulten 1959 II, 42-43 §Mainakefl. A5 Maenuba/ CHRL/ Cerro del Mar, by Torre Tovar 1974, 78-79; Sillières 1990, 356-57 Menova RL del Mar § Maenoba inset Mago HRL Mahón, on Menorca Is. TIR Tarraco 100 A5 Mainake ACH Cerro del Peñón?, Torre Tovar 1974, 79-80; Sillières 1990, 361 del Mar Maior Ins. = Baliares Inss. A5 Malaca ACHRL Málaga Tovar 1974, 76-78 A5 Malaca fl. R Guadalmedina Schulten 1959 II, 43 C3 Mariana RL Mairena, 1 mile S Puebla Tovar 1989, 171 del Príncipe A3 Marianus M. HR Sierra Morena Tovar 1974, 179 A4 Marruca R Cerro de la Zarzuela?, Tovar 1974, 117-18 near Montilla Menova = Maenuba C3 Mentesa HR Villanueva de la Fuente Tovar 1989, 178 B4 Mentesa Bastia HRL La Guardia de Jaén Tovar 1989, 151-52; Sillières 1990, 275-77 Minor Ins. = Baliares Inss. A4 Montilla See Map 26 A3 Montoro-Andújar HR S and W Embalse de Domergue 1990, 190, 203 Jándula A4 Monturque R Tovar 1974, 102, 121 A4 Morana HR Cerro de las Laderas de Sillières 1990, 419 Morana, 6 miles SW Lucena A4 Mundafl. SeeMap26 C5 Murgi HR near ?, W Almería Tovar 1974, 84; Sillières 1990, 340-41 Murum = (Ad) Murum

A5 Nescania See Map 26

A4 Obulco HR Tovar 1974, 105-106 § Municipium Pontificense C2 Ocules R Uclés Tovar 1989, 222 A2 ? H W Ciudad Real, in R. Tovar 1989, 94-95 Guadiana valley A4 Onuba HR Ermita de S. Pedro, N El CIL 2.2.7, lix-lx Carpio Ophiussa Ins. = Colubraria Ins. C1 *Opta HR Huete? Palomero Plaza 1987, 103; Tovar 1989, 227 B3 Oretana Iuga R Sierra Morena, N Linares Schulten 1959 I, 246 B3 Oretania HR S central Hispania, Tovar 1989, 28-30, 171-87 § centered on Oretum B3 Oretum HRL Nuestra Señora de Tovar 1989, 181-82; Sillières 1990, 377 §Oria Zúqueca, 2 miles SE § Horetum Granátula Orongis = Aurgi C4 Orospeda? M. HR sierra NW from Cartagena Schulten 1959 I, 276-78; Tovar 1989, 30-31 to Sierra de Osqua = Ascua B4 Ossigi RL Cerro Alcal, 6 miles NE CIL 2.2.7, 5-7; Tovar 1974, 111 § Municipium Latonium Mancha Real MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS 447

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B4 Pago de Bruñel RL Quesada Gorges 1979, 271-72 B2 El Palacio RL Álcazar de S. Juan Gorges 1979, 247 inset Palma HRL Palma de Mallorca TIR Tarraco 117 D3 Parietinae HR 8.5 miles SW Albacete? Tovar 1989, 179; Sillières 1990, 273 B4 Paulenca RL Guadix Gorges 1979, 263; Fernández Castro 1982, 304 G3 Pityussae Inss. ACHRL Ibiza and Formentera Is. TIR Tarraco 120 F3 Planesia? Ins. HR Isla de Portichol Tovar 1989, 208 A4 Plaza de Armas HR 6 miles N Cabra Almagro-Gorbea 1987, 26 inset Pollentia HRL Alcudia de Polensa, on TIR Tarraco 122-24 Mallorca Is. C5 Portos Magnos R Almería? Tovar 1989, 143 E2 Portus Sucronis L Cullera? Tovar 1989, 213 A3 Pozoblanco See Map 26 B4 Puente del Obispo HR Baebelo? Tovar 1989, 154-55 C3 Puente de la Olmilla RL Albadalejo Gorges 1979, 246-47 E2 Pujol de Benicató RL Nules Gorges 1979, 245; Fernández Castro 1982, 302

C4 Río Golopón HR near Caniles, 6 miles SE Domergue 1990, 64, 193-94 Baza E3 Rojales HR Alicante area D. Plácido E1 Rubielos de Mora R A. Caballos A4 El Ruedo RL Almedinilla Vaquerizo Gil 1990, 36-39; 1995

A4 Sacili HR Alcorrucén, 2 miles NW Sillières 1990, 314; CIL 2.2.7, 54 § Municipium Martiale Pedro Abad E2 Saetabis HRL Xátiva Galsterer 1971, 71; Tovar 1989, 211 E3 Saetabis? fl. R Albaida Schulten 1959 II, 40 E2 Sagunto RL Gorges 1979, 434-35 E2 Saguntum/ CHRL Sagunto Tovar 1989, 285-88 Arse B4 Salaria? HR Ubeda la Vieja Tovar 1989, 183; Sillières 1990, 552 § Col. Salariensis (n. 229) D3 Salika? R El Salobral Tovar 1989, 179 A4 Salsum fl. See Map 26 D3 Saltigi HRL Chinchilla Tovar 1989, 167 inset Sanisera HRL Alayer?, on Menorca Is. Tovar 1989, 266, 276; TIR Tarraco 136 D1 S. Cristo L Albarracín TIR Caesaraugusta 204 A1 S. Martín de la Vega See Map 24 B3 S. Tomé R A. Caballos E4 Saturni/ R/ Cabo de Palos Schulten 1959 I, 332-33 Scombraria Pr. R Saxetanum = Sexi E4 Scombraria Ins. HR Escombrera Is. Schulten 1959 I, 355 § Hercules Ins. Scombraria Pr. = Saturni Pr. E2 Sebelaci HRL between R. Millárs Morote Barbera 1979, 151; Tovar 1989, 292 (Mijares) and La Rambla de la Viuda? D3 Segisa? H?R Cieza (Murcia) Tovar 1989, 166; Sillières 1990, 389-90 C2 HRL Cerro de Cabeza del Tovar 1989, 216-19 Griego, 2 miles S B5 Selambina R Salobreña? Tovar 1974, 82-83; Sillières 1990, 360-61 §Sel? B5 Sexi/ ACHRL/ Almuñécar Tovar 1974, 81-82 Saxetanum RL § Caesarea § Firmum Iulium C5 Sierra de Gádor HR 15 miles W Almería Domergue 1990, 64, 567 B4 Sierra Elvira HR 8 miles NW Granada Canto 1977, 181 448 MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

A4 Singili(a) Barba See Map 26 A4 Singilis fl. See Map 26 A3 Sisapo? HRL Los Castillejos de La Tovar 1974, 96-97; Sillières 1990, 374-75 § Saesapo Bienvenida, 20 miles W §Sisalo Almodóvar del Campo A2 El Solao RL Rielves Gorges 1979, 422-23 A3 Solia See Map 26 B4 Solorius M. HRL Sierra Nevada Schulten 1959 I, 278 E3 Sorobis fl. R Serpis Schulten 1959 II, 40 A4 *Sosontigi R Alcaudete, SW Jaén Tovar 1974, 119 § Sosintigi B4 Soto de Roma L Daragoleja, Pinos Puente Gorges 1979, 262 D4 Spartarius? Campus R inland from Cartagena to Schulten 1959 II, 400; Tovar 1989, 189-90 Villaricos A3 (S)Ucia HRL CasadelaElevadora,2 Tovar 1974, 108-109; Ponsich 1987, 86; § Ouogia miles NE Marmolejo Sillières 1990, 311 § Setia § S(i)tia § Sutia E2 Sucro HR Algemesí? Tovar 1989, 212-13; Sillières 1990, 728 E2 Sucro fl. HR Júcar (Xúquer) Schulten 1959 II, 38-39 E2 Sucronensis Sinus R Bay of Valencia Schulten 1959 I, 330 A5 Suel ACHRL Sohaíl (Fuengirola) Tovar 1974, 75; Sillières 1990, 353

E3 Tader fl. R Segura Schulten 1959 II, 41 C4 *Tagili HR Tíjola Tovar 1989, 159-60; § Respublica Tagilitana Sillières 1990, 552, 890 B1 Tagonios fl. HR Tajuña TIR Caesaraugusta 216 A2 fl. POR / SPN See Map 26 A2 Las Tamujas HRL Malpica de Tajo Gorges 1979, 421-22; Fernández Castro 1982, 306 Tenebrium Pr. = Ferrarium Pr. E4 Thiar HRL Convento de S. Ginés, Sillières 1990, 371; Garcia Samper 1995 Campoamor, S Torrevieja B1 Titulcia See Map 24 A2 Fábrica de Armas RL Vega de Toledo Gorges 1979, 423 A2 Toletum HRL Toledo Tovar 1989, 229-32 E3 Torre de la Cruz RL Villajoyosa Gorges 1979, 185 D3 Los Torrejones RL Yecla Gorges 1979, 319 D4 Totana HR Las Cabezuelas Almagro-Gorbea 1987, 25 B4 Tucci/ HRL Martos, W Jaén Tovar 1974, 119-20, 131 Col. Augusta Gemella § Itukke inset *Tuci? RL? Manacor, on Mallorca Is. Tovar 1989, 276; TIR Tarraco 166 B4 Tugia CHRL Toya (Peal del Becerro) PECS 939; Tovar 1989, 172 C4 Tugiensis Saltus HR Sierra de Cazorla Tovar 1989, 172 C5 Turaniana RL Aguadulce?, NE Roquetas Tovar 1989, 143; Sillières 1990, 356 de Mar A4 Turdetania HRL valley of R. Guadalquivir, Tovar 1974, 18-23; TIR Emerita 158 § Turdetani W Bastetania E2 fl. HR Turia Schulten 1959 II, 38 Turres Saetab(...)? = Ad Turres? C4 *Tutugi ACHRL Galera, 22 miles NE Baza Tovar 1989, 158-59

Ucia = (S)Ucia A4 Ucubi/ HR Espejo, SE Córdoba Tovar 1974, 114-15 Col. Claritas Iulia E2 Udiva? fl. R Palancia (of Sagunto) PECS 782 § Uduba fl. (contra Schulten 1959 II, 37) MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS 449

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

A4 Ulia (Fidentia) See Map 26 Urbs Iulia = Carthago Nova C5 Urci? HRL Chuche (), N Tovar 1989, 144-46 Almeria C5 Urcitanus Sinus R Bay of Almeria Tovar 1989, 145 A4 Urgao/ HRL Arjona Tovar 1974, 107-108; Sillières 1990, 317; Vircao CIL 2.2.7, 22-27 § Municipium Albense Urgauonense A4 Urgapa? See Map 26

E2 Valentia HRL Valencia Tovar 1989, 282-84 A4 La Valenzoleja RL Alcolea Gorges 1979, 248 C2 Valeria HRL Valeria de Arriba Tovar 1989, 220-21 B4 Vergilia RL Albuniel de Tovar 1989, 151; Sillières 1990, 282-83 B2 Vicus Cuminarius RL between Lillo and La Tovar 1989, 237 Guardia E2 El Villar RL Puig de Cebolla Gorges 1979, 433 C3 R CILA III.2, 629-30 B4 Viniolae? RL Arbuniel Tovar 1989, 151; Sillières 1990, 281-83 Vircao = Urgao B4 Vi(v)atia RL Baeza Tovar 1989, 172 § Biatia

Aqueducts

Grid Location Period References

A2 Toletum RL Fernández Casado 1972; Tovar 1989, 230 B2 N Consabura RL Tovar 1989, 224 B4 NW Iliberri RL Fernández Casado 1972 B5 Torrecuevas, N Sexi RL Fernández Casado 1972 C2 Segobriga RL Tovar 1989, 219 C5 Rambla de Carcanz, N Sierra de Gador RL Tovar 1989, 144 D2 Peña Cortada, E Barranca de S. Filomena RL Fernández Casado 1972 E2 3 miles S Villareal, over R. Sec HRL Doñate Sebastia 1966, 213 E3 SW Calpe RL Schulten 1959 II, 122 G3 Ebusus RL Tovar 1989, 247 450 MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS

Bridges

Grid Location Period References

A3 Isturgi on R. Guadalquivir RL Almendral 1986, 62-63; Sillières 1990, 246-47 A4 SW La Valenzoleja on Arroyo Rabanales RL Fernández Casado 1980 A4 Ad Decumum on R. Guadalmellato RL Sillières 1990, 688-89 A4 Campillo Bajo on R. Guadalquivir RL Fernández Casado 1980; Sillières 1990, 246 A4 E Ad Lucos on Arroyo Salado de Porcuna RL Fernández Casado 1980; Sillières 1990, 672-81 A4 1 mile W Obulco on Arroyo Salado RL Almendral 1986, 42, 60 B2 , SE Toledo RL Keay 1988, 221 B4 E Salaria on R. Guadalquivir RL Fernández Casado l980; Almendral 1986, 65-66 B4 NW Calecula RL Sillières 1990, 245-46 C2 El Castellar, NW Valeria RL Keay 1988, 221 C2 S. Clemente on R. Rus, SW Valeria RL Palomero Plaza 1990 C3 Puente Mocho on R. Guadalimar, between RL Almendral 1986, 43, 70-71 Chiclana and , S Mariana C3 Puente de Génave, SSE Mariana RL Almendral 1986, 43, 71-72 C4 W Tugia, Las Herrerías, Cazorla on R. RL Fernández Casado 1980; Almendral 1986, 72-73 Guadalquivir

Canals

Grid Location Period References

A2 SW Toletum, E dams at Melque RL Caballero Zoreda 1982, 390, 420 E2 along and S R. Millárs (Mijares), W Sebelaci HRL Doñate Sebastia 1966 E2 along and S R. Millárs (Mijares), SE Sebelaci H Mesado Oliver 1974, 34

Dams

Grid Location Period References

A1 Los Linares, S Castillo de Bayuela on R. RL Caballero Zoreda 1982, 388 Guadamera A2 at Melque, SW Toletum, on Arroyos Las RL Caballero Zoreda 1982, 390-92 Zorras and Melqar (5-dam complex) A2 La Alcantarilla on R. Guajaraz and S. Martín RL Caballero Zoreda 1982, 396; Tovar 1989, 230 de Montiña on arroyo of same name, 4 miles SW Mazarambroz (2) A2 Los Paerones, 2 miles E Noez, on Arroyo de RL Caballero Zoreda 1982, 393-94 S. María (2) B2 Puente de Urda, 4 miles SW Consuegra, on R. RL Caballero Zoreda 1982, 419 (no. 31); Amarguillo Tovar 1989, 223-24 B2 La Mesa de Valhermoso, 7 miles WSW Orgaz RL Caballero Zoreda 1982, 396-98 on Arroyo Valhermoso B2 Moracantá, 6 miles N Orgaz, on arroyo which RL Caballero Zoreda 1982, 406-408 joins Arroyo de Guazalete B4 9 miles NW Iliberri, on R. Cubillas RL? Smith 1970, 142 E2 NW Sebelaci, on R. Millárs (Mijares) HRL Doñate Sebastia 1966 E2 SE Ad Novlas, on R. Millárs (Mijares) H Mesado Oliver 1974, 33-34 (Pl. X) MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS 451

Roads

Itinerary Period Reference

Anticaria → Urgapa → Olaura (Map 26) RL Sillières 1990, 400-12 Carthago Nova → Acci → Vergilia → Castulo RL Sillières 1990, 275-88 Carthago Nova → Saltigi RL Sillières 1990, 384-90 Carthago Nova → Suel → Map 26 RL Sillières 1990, 338-61 Castulo → Epora → Corduba (Map 26) HRL Sillières 1990, 301-303 Castulo → Mariana → Libisosa → Saltigi → Saetabis HRL Sillières 1990, 261-74 Castulo → Obulco → Corduba (Map 26) RL Sillières 1990, 316-22 Castulo → Oretum HR Sillières 1990, 493-96 Castulo → Sisapo → Map 26 HRL Sillières 1990, 490-93 E Segobriga → N to Segontia (Map 25) RL Palomero Plaza 1987, 55-133, 243 Iniesta → Valeria → Bilbilis (Map 25) RL Palomero Plaza 1987, 135-87, 243 Laminium → Saltigi RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 94-95 Laminium → Toletum RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 93-94; Fernández Ochoa 1990 Malaca → Anticaria → Ulia → Corduba (Map 26) RL Sillières 1990, 412-20 Malaca → Iluro → Singili(a) Barba RL Sillières 1990, 420-22 Mariana → Carcuvium → Sisapo and W to Mirobriga RL Sillières 1990, 373-79 (Map 26) Mariana → Laminium → Alce(s) → Titulcia RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 91-93; Mariné 1979 Mentesa Bastia → Obulco HR Sillières 1990, 289-91 Obulco → Iponuba → Morana HR Corzo Sánchez 1992, 127-34 Portus Magnus → Acci → Tugia → Castulo RL Sillières 1990, 390-400 Saetabis → Ad Aras → Carthago Nova RL Morote Barbera 1979; Sillières 1990, 362-72 Saetabis → Ildum → Map 25 HRL Morote Barbera 1979 Saltigi → Iniesta → N to Caesar Augusta RL Palomero Plaza 1987, 135-87, 243 Saltigi → Segobriga → Complutum (Map 25) RL Palomero Plaza 1987, 55-133, 243 Sucro → Dianium → Ilici HR Sillières 1990, 338-46 Titulcia → NW to Segovia (Map 24) RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 84-85; Mariné 1979, 89-94 Toletum → Caesarobriga → Map 26 RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 86-87; Fernández Miranda 1990, 155-63 Toletum → Titulcia → NE to Complutum (Map 25) RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 86-87

Unlocated Toponyms (excluding those mentioned only by Avienus, for which see separate list below)

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Adiungi L Turdetania? Tovar 1974, 180 Aimiliana R Oretania Tovar 1989, 185 Alter(n)um/ RL between R. Júcar (Xúquer) and Tovar 1989, 210 Asterum Denia Alternia R Carpetania Tovar 1989, 233 Althaia/ H city of Olcades Tovar 1989, 185 Cartala Amtorgis H in region of Lorca Tovar 1989, 165 Andura R near Torredonjimeno? Tovar 1989, 156 Asterum = Alter(n)um

Barnakis R Carpetania Tovar 1989, 233 Begerra = Bigerra Beleia R Edetania Tovar 1989, 281 Bergoula R Bastetania Tovar 1989, 148 Bernaba R Edetania Tovar 1989, 281 Bigerra/ HR near Castulo and Iliturgis Tovar 1989, 167, 184 Begerra

Cartala = Althaia Casuli = Cusubi 452 MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Celeret/ RL in Tovar 1989, 204 Celeri Cusubi/ H Oretania Tovar 1989, 184 Casuli

Egelesta (1) HR Bastetania Tovar 1989, 155-56 Egelesta (2) R Carpetania Tovar 1989, 234

Hannibalis Ins. R island W Palma (Mallorca) TIR Tarraco 85 Helo(nis) H Oretania Tovar 1989, 185 Hyops C area of Peñíscola Tovar 1989, 290

Ibe/ HR in area of Pedroche Tovar 1989, 184-85 Ide Icositani R near Ilici? Pliny, NH 3.19 Ide=Ibe Ilarkouris R Carpetania Tovar 1989, 234 Ileosca R Illescas? S Madrid Tovar 1989, 239 Ilourbida R Carpetania Tovar 1989, 234 Ispinon R Carpetania Tovar 1989, 235 Istonion R Celtiberia Tovar 1989, 221

Kallikoula R Turdetania Tovar 1974, 136 Karka R Bastetania Tovar 1989, 166 Kerouaria R Oretania Tovar 1989, 182 Krabrasia C near Cabo de Oropesa? Tovar 1989, 290

Laccuris R near Castulo Tover 1989, 171 Lassira/ HR Edetania Tovar 1989, 281 Lersensis Res Publicae Lauro H(R?) on E coast?, N or S Valencia? Tovar 1989, 462; Konrad 1994, 156-59 Laxta R area SE Valeria Tovar 1989, 221 Lersensis Res Publicae = Lassira Libana R Celtiberia Tovar 1989, 222 Lobeton R capital of , Albarracín? Tovar 1989, 185 Loupparia R in Oretania Tovar 1989, 183 Lyco H Bastetania Tovar 1989, 157

(Martium) Ucia R E Baetica / Turdetania Wiegels 1985, 61 (n. 3) Mastia/ CH in or W Cartagena PECS Carthago Nova; Tovar 1989, 189 Massia Mediolon R Celtiberia Tovar 1989, 222 Mellaria R area of Valencia and Xátiva Tovar 1989, 211 Menariae Inss. R islands W Palma (Mallorca) TIR Tarraco 106-107 Meterkosa R Carpetania Tovar 1989, 235 Molybdina C Bastetania Tovar 1989, 166

Nobila H Oretania Tovar 1989, 184

Odyssea? = Ulis(s)i Oinoussa R Cartagena? Tovar 1989, 197 Orkelis R Bastetania Tovar 1989, 160 Ouarada/ R Celtiberia Tovar 1989, 236 Varciliens(...) Ourkesa R Celtiberia Tovar 1989, 222

Pallantia fl. R Edetania Schulten 1959 II, 37 Paterniana R Carpetania Tovar 1989, 236 Plumbaria Ins. HR S Denia Tovar 1989, 208 Poukialia R Bastetania Tovar 1989, 168 MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS 453

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Ripa R S R. Guadalquivir, S. Julián? Tovar 1974, 102; Sillières 1990, 301, 890 (Marmolejo)

S. Martini, Mon. L between Cabo de S. Antonio and Tovar 1989, 210 Cabo de la Nao Saitabikoula R near Saetabis Tovar 1989, 211 Salaria (Bastetana) R Salaria (Ubeda la Vieja) or a city Tovar 1989, 167-68 of same name in Bastetania Salduba R town at mouth of R. Salduba Schulten 1959 II, 43-44; Tovar 1974, 75-76 Salduba fl. R W Málaga; R. Vélez or Schulten 1959 II, 43-44 Guadalhorce? Siccaenum? = Sucaelo Soricaria H Castro del Río? Monturque? Tovar 1974, 102, 121 Sucaelo/ R S R. Guadalquivir Tovar 1974, 139 Siccaenum?

Tiquadra Ins. R W Palma (Mallorca) TIR Tarraco 157 Tourboula R Bastetania Tovar 1989, 168, 226

Ucia = (Martium) Ucia Ulis(s)i/ R E Antequera?, area of Loja? Tovar 1974, 135-36 Odyssea? Urbiaca RL between and Riello? N Palomero Plaza 1987, 181; Tovar 1989, 225 Valebonga Urgapa RL Alameda, SE Estepa? Sillières 1990, 411-12

Valebonga RL Reillo? SE Cuenca between Palomero Plaza 1987, 180; Tovar 1989, 227 Yémeda and Cardinete? N Ad Putea Varciliens(...) = Ouarada Vescelia H Bastetania Tovar 1989, 168

Names found only in Avienus

Name Modern Name / Location Reference

Alebus fl. (466) Vinalapó/Vinalopó THA 129-30 Barbetium Iugum (425) Cabo Calaburras THA 117 Berybraces (485) Celtic? tribe inland from E coast, THA 138 mixed in with Iberian tribes Crabrasiae Iugum (489) Sagunto? Schulten 1959 I, 329; THA 138-39 Gymnetes (464) people once (?) inhabiting area from THA 128-29 Cartagena to R. Júcar (Xúquer) Herna (463) unknown; city located in vicinity of THA 128 Cabo de la Nao Hiberi (472) Iberian tribes occupying E coast THA 133 from R. Júcar (Xúquer) to Pyrenees Hylactes Civitas (497) unknown; city between Denia and THA 145-46 R. Ebro Hystra Civitas (497) unknown; city between Denia and THA 145-46 R. Ebro Ilerda (475) Javea? (or Lérida N R. Ebro) THA 133-34 Libyphoenices (42l) Phoenician/Carthaginian colonists; THA 115 costal zone, S Sierra Nevada, Cabo Calaburras to Cabo de Gata Malacha/ Málaga, but here conceived as THA 117-19 Malaca (426) Menace (see below) Malachae fl. (427) Vélez? THA 117 Massiena Urbs (452) Cartagena; city of Massieni before Tovar 1989, 189; THA 122-24 Carthaginian conquest 454 MAP 27 HISPANIA CARTHAGINIENSIS

Name Modern Name / Location Reference

Massieni (422) tribe(s) extending across S Spain THA 115-16 from R. Guadiaro to Cartagena Menace (427, 43l) W Torre del Mar at mouth of R. THA 117-20 Vélez Minervae Ins. (495) El Palmar? THA 140 Naccararum Palus (492) La Albufera de Valencia? THA 139-40 Namnatius? Portus (449) port of Cartagena Tovar 1989, 189; THA 122 Noctilucae Ins. (429) off Torre del Mar? or delta of R. THA 119 Vélez? Phoenices (459) people once occupying area N THA 127 Cartagena around R. Segura [Pityussa] Iugum / Cautes Cabo Sabinar THA 120 (434-436) Sardum Mare (l50) E and S coast of Spain; THA 67 Mediterranian sea between Sardinia and Spain Sarna Civitas (497) unknown; city between Denia and THA 145-46 R. Ebro Sicana Civitas (479) on Cape Cullera at mouth of R. THA 137 Júcar (Xúquer)? Sicanus? fl. (469?) Sucro = Júcar (Xúquer)? THA 130-31 Silurus M. (433) W Sierra Nevada THA 120 Strongyle Ins. (453) Grosa / Gruesa Is. THA 124 Theodorus fl. (456) Segura THA 127 Trete Iugum (452) Cabo de Palos THA 124 Tyris (482) town near Valencia? THA 137-38 Tyrius fl. (482) Turia? THA 137-38 Veneris Fanum (437) on or near Cabo de Gata THA 120-21 Veneris Iugum (437) Cabo de Gata THA 120-21 Veneris Litus (437) Bay of Almería THA 120-21

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