February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4683

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS . ' .. WILLIAM ODIE WRIGHT-SUPER­ longs to the California Heights Com­ In essence, Nat Wasserman is the vol· INTENDENT OF SCHOOLS · munity Church of Long Beach. unteers' volunteer. Wherever there is a For many years, Odie Wright has peen need stemming from the lack of action identified as an integral member of the by society-wherever there is a need of HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON Long Beach community. His many yea1·s people who cannot help themselves be­ of service saw the Long Beach Unified cause of ignorance of the system, Nat OF CALIFORNIA School District grow and develop into Wasserman becomes his own total social IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the outstanding institution it is today. welfare agency, seeking solutions, coun­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 Odie Wright's knowledge and experience seling the troubled. in the educational world will be missed. His interest in the welfare of others Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. has helped many people to lead happier, Speaker, at the conclusion of this school My wife Lee joins me in congratulating year the Long Beach Unified School Dis­ Odie Wright on a highly productive ca­ more productive lives. His optimism af­ trict will lose the leadership of a man reer, and in wishing him a well-earned fects all those who are touched by his rest in retirement. presence. His persistence is a trait that who has devoted his entire life to edu­ His lovely wife, Ruth, and their child­ typifies his effectiveness. cation. William Odie Wright, superin­ I feel that the people of Stamford have tendent of schools, will retire this sum­ ren, Virginia Wilky, Barbie, and Jerry, mer. are justified in their pride in Superin­ been truly fortunate to call Nat Wasser­ A native of Megargel, Tex., Odie tendent Odie Wright's accomplishments man one of their own, and I would like to in the educational field and as a member add my congratulations and best wishes. Wright first came to Long Beach in 1923. of the Long Beach community. to those already expressed for I, too, have He received his bachelor of arts degree benefited from his thoughtfulness, kind­ from the University of California at ness, and encow·agement. Berkeley in 1934, and by 1938 was teach­ ing English and speech at Polytechnic High School in Long Beach. While teach­ NAT WASSERMAN-A MAN FOR ALL PEOPLE ing, he continued his own studies, and BICENTENNIAL PROCLAMATION earned his master of arts degree from the University of Southern California in 1941. HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY HON. BOB WILSON His educational career was interrupted OF CONNECTICUT OF CALIFORNIA by the Second World War, as Odie-as IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES he is known affectionately to his Thursday, February 26, 1976 friends-served in the Army Air Corps Thursday, February 26, 1976 and Transportation Corps from 1942 to Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, in a rare Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I re­ 1946. During that time, Odie Wright and deserving tribute, the people of cently was honored with the presenta­ taught pilot navigation, served in the Stamford, Conn., recently gathered to tion of the first copy of a special Bicen­ Information and Education Division of honor a rather unique individual, Nathan tennial proclamation produced by Mr. the Pentagon, and became Director of Wasserman, under a very appropriate Morris Cerullo, president of World Instruction and Research, U.S. Armed banner entitled "A Man for All People." Evangelism, Inc., which is headquartered Forces Institute. January 11 was the day chosen for the in my district. These proclamations will Following his distinguished military occasion, a date which coincidentally be sent to legislators and public officials career, Odie Wright returned to educa­ marked Nat's 75th birthday, but any all over the country and I think it is tion as dean of the General Adult Divi­ other time would have sufficed for he is especially appropriate for us to contem­ sion, Long Beach City College. In 1952, the type of person one wants to wish the plate during these troubled times. he was appointed principal of Polytech­ best of best wishes to every day of the I include the proclamation as a portion nic High School, where he had taught year. of my remarks: before the war. Nat is a quiet man, an effective man, SPECIAL BICENTENNIAL PROCLAMATION; THE After 3 years of service at Poly High a positive man-one who does not ask TRUE SPmlT OF '76 Mr. Wright became deputy superintend~ for "thank you's" but rather, receives his "Righteousness exalteth a nation: but sin ent of schools and director of educational satisfaction from results. He is one of is a. reproach to any people."-(Proverbs personnel for the entire district. Then those individuals who achieves his goal 14:34) in 1962, Odie Wright became superin­ by constructive encouragement and not Because of the great attention being given tendent of the Long Beach Unified by derogatory remarks, certainly a re­ celebrations in honor of this nation's 200th School District. Long Beach City College freshing attitude in a day of cynicism anniversary, we feel that it is necessary to and apathy. draw the attention of the people to the true and the Long Beach Community College spirit upon which America was founded ... District we1·e added to Superintendent A particular area of his concern has the spirit of prayer and intercession with Wright's jurisdiction in 1970. been the problems of housing relocation, which our forefathers sought God's guidance In 1971, Odie Wright served as chair­ especially for those individuals who are in the affairs of this great country . . . and man of the superintendents of schools not aware of the procedures to follow in urge a national renewal of the principles em­ of large U.S. cities. He is also a member finding a new house or apartment. For bodied in our history. Thanking God for the of the American Association of School those who needed guidance, they found grace which He has visited upon the United Administrators, Association of Califor­ a home with Nat. Stamford now has one States for the past 200 years, we set forth of the lowest vacancy rates in the Na­ the following proclamation as the true Spirit nia School Administrators, Phi Delta of '76. Kappa, and Phi Kappa Psi. tion and for those lost ·in the bureau­ Whereas the nation of the United States Despite his busy professional schedule, cratic morass, help is mandatory and his of America is now engaged in a tremendous Odie Wright has found time to become expertise has been invaluable. yearlong Bicentennial celebration marking involved in the Long Beach community. Further, Nat was one of the first in­ the 200th year since the birth of this great l:Ie is currently president of the Long dividuals to recognize the destructive nation; and Beach Rotary Scholarship Foundation, cancer let loose in our country-drug Whereas 1976 is not only our nation's Bi­ and chairman of the board of directors abuse and addiction. Long before it was centennial year, but is a vital presidential publicly acknowledged that a large seg­ election year marking the first presidential of the Long Beach Community Redevel­ election since our country has been torn by opment Corp., and the Rheumatic ment of our society was in danger of be­ the aftermath of Watergate; and Disease Foundation. He sits on the Long coming lost as productive individuals, Whereas Bible reading and prayer have Beach Chamber of Commerce Education Nat was ahead of his fell ow citizens and been removed from our public schools, thus Committee, the Glenn Scholarship working with Synanon, one of the first contributing to deterioration of our coun .. Foundation board of directors, and be- self-help centers in the country. try's morals; and 4684 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1976 Whereas there is in this nation a collapse values to which Scouts pledge themselves our society and far too little about the o! moral principles and a growing permissive, as citizens are what insure a future for kind and friendly events which do take even plauditory, attitude toward sexual licen­ that flag. place. Beatrice Littleton and her bus pi­ tiousness, pornography, the use of drugs and alcohol; and I think the Scouts in IDinois can take loting pals have demonstrated again to Whereas th.ere is an ever-increasing crime particular pride in their anniversary my constituents in the McKeesport area rate in this nation which has seen American month, for it was a Chicago newspaper the real worth of a smile, a good word, streets become unsafe !or its citizens with publisher, William D. Boyce, who intro­ .and a mutual respect and they have done wanton killing, mayhem and other violent duced Scouting to America in 1910. He so in the unlikely circumstances of a bus crimes rampant; and discovered the program for young men ride through congested city streets. I Whereas certain radical factions with.in on a trip to England when a Scout there know there is a lot more of this sort of this country have avowed to mar America's Bicentennial celebration with street demon­ did a "good deed" for him. We all owe thing occurring in our country than we strations, civil unrest, and violence; and a great deal to that English Scout. Even are told about. Whereas we are engaged in dealing with a Mr. Boyce could not foresee the profound world full of political upheaval, internal impact of his promoting such a program, strife, and revolutions; and for today there are nearly ,5 million Whereas there exists in the Middle East, young people in Boy Scout programs as A BICENTENNIAL GUIDE TO AMER­ between Israel and the Arab countries, a vol­ well as 5,000 adults and volunteers. ICA'S FOUNDING MOTHERS atile situation which is leading into the end I commend them for their work in time events prophesied in God's Word, the making Scouting a successful program Bible, which are to occur just before the Se~­ oud Coming of the Lord Jesus Christ; and for the contribution that program HON. BELLA S. ABZUG Now be it therefore resolved that those in malres to our country. OF NEW YPRK positions of leadership in this nation be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES called upon to search their hearts and come before ·God in prayer and repentance, ask­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 ing His help not only to provide greater in­ PRAISES FOR THE "BUS LADY" Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, one of the tegrity in political leadership, but to become appalling aspects of our Bicentennial living examples to call the people of this na­ Year is an inordinate emphasis on mili­ tion back to the principles of righteousness HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS tary achievements. Almost daily we see and holiness u ~_)on which . this country was founded; OF PENNSYLVANIA in print or on television soldiers ca1iy­ Be it further resolved that the citizens o! IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing flags, firing cannons, or marching toward an unseen enemy as if war were this country, regardless o! their religious de­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 nominations, be called upon to unite their the glory of this country. Not battles hearts in continual prayer before God and to Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, most of alone, but people working in many seek His face through a regular program o! us will agree that maneuvering a 'bus capacities and toward many goals were, intercessory prayer and fasting throughout through heavy traffic requires both skill and are, the glory of the United States. t he Bicentennial year, and that each and and strong nerves. The driver must con­ The Founding Fathers were certainly every one of them be challenged and en­ couraged to rededicate their lives anew to the tend not only with contestants for the great men, and we all admire and honor. principles of honesty, integrity, truthfulness, right-of-way without his vehicle but them, but the Founding Mothe~"S were and moral uprightness set forth in the Word many times with difficult persons within. also great, though they have been given of God and befitting the nation of the But the job has compensations on the little credit for their courage and forti­ United States of America which was founded human level too, and I am happy to re­ tude and initiative. Some Founding upon these principles. port one in my district. It is in the form Mothers, notably Abigail Adams and I hereunto set my hand and affix my seal of an affable senior citizen, Beatrice Lit­ Mercy Otis Warren, even dared to this 12th day of February in the year of our tleton of McKeesport, Pa., who has criticize the Founding Fathers' drafts Lord 1976. ' turned her regular bus rides into pleas­ of the Constitution. MORRIS CERULLO, Presiclent, world Evangelism, Inc. ant times for the drivers. From the early 1800's on, New Yorks' Known as "Aunt Bea." she turns up State women's voices were heard asking with a cheerful greeting always and de­ for legal protection for women. and later parts in good spirit. The drivers know her even demanding the vote. The country's BOY SCOUT ANNIVERSARY well and look forward to welcoming her two great women suffrage leaders both aboard. Substitute operators have found lived in New York State. Elizabeth Cady her helpful in p.ointing out the streets Stanton was born in Johnstown, N.Y., HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO and stops. and Susan B. Anthony, though not a na­ OF ILLINOIS The importance of "Aunt Bea" as a tive New Yorker, lived in Rochester, N.Y., IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bus patron became known publicly when for much of her life. The first Women's she was hospitalized recently. Missed Rights Convention was held in Seneca Thursday, February 26, 1976 along he.r route, the drivers inquired Falls, N.Y., in 1848. Frances Willard, who Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, the month about her and then things began to hap­ became nationally famous as leader of of February is the anniversary month of pen. The friendly lady received a flood of the Women's Christian Temperance the Boy Scouts of America. I know we "get well" cards and flowers. Blood was .Union, and who was a strong supporter all share in our commitment to this fine donated in her name and funds were of woman suffrage, was born in.Church­ program and today I would like to pay gathered up to help defray her medical ville, N.Y. Educator Emma Willard tribute to a particular group of Scouts in expenses. opened one of the first girls' seminaries my own district. Driver Naomi Broome told Donald S. in Troy, N.Y., in 1821. Lawyer Belva Cub Scout Pack No. 403 in Dolton, Ill., McGavern of the McKeesport Daily Lockwood, who had a highly successful headed by Cubmaster James Murphy, News: law practice in Washington. D.C., and will hold its Blue and Gold Dinner on We collected money not because she might who lobbied through Congress in 1879 a February 28 to commemorate the 66th have needed it, but because we wanted to do bill giving women lawyers the i·ight to anniversary of the beginning of scouting something for her. We drivers get a lot of practice before the Supreme Court, was in America. It will be a most special oc­ criticism and there are tough days. But tbis born in Royalton, N.Y. Such names as casion and proud moment for the young lady has turned many a bad run into a beau­ Lillian Wald, Grace Dodge, Josephine gentlemen involved, as well as for their tiful one.... She's done so much !or us over Shaw Lowell, Florence Kelley, Belle Mos­ families and leaders. the years. She makes a bus ride a real joy. kowitz, to mention only a few, made no­ The focus for the evening will be our Robert Megahan, another of Aunt table contributions to New York and to country's Bicentennial and our flag. It is Bea's driver-friends, info1·med Mr. Mc- their country. appropriate that these young boys, so · Oavern of the help she has been to the Every State in the Union from the east well versed already in the prerequisites substitutes who occasionally show up. coast to the west coast has notable Amer­ of good citizenship, should so honor our Others joined in praising the "Bus Lady." ican women leaders and women achiev­ flag on their own day of honors. The flag I bring this to attention here because ers. though you search for their names and Scouts are closely bound, for the we hear so much about the discords in in vain in most books of American his- Feb1·uary 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4685 VOICE OF DEMOCRACY SCHOLAR­ feel Americans are searching for. I believe in tory. New Y~rker R~th . Warren's Pic­ the United States of Ame.r.ica as a Govern­ torial History of Women in America, SHIP PROGRAM ment of the people, by the people and for the recently off the press, tells the story of people; whose just powers are derived from some 280 of these American women. You the consent of the governed; a democracy in read in Mrs. Warren's book names, some HON. TRENT LOTT a Republic; a sovereign nation of many well known, some unfamiliar, of women OF :MISSISSIPPI sovereign states; a perfect union, one and who rose to State or national fame IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES inseparable; established upon those prin­ through obstacles and frustrations, be­ ciples of freedom, equality, justice and hu­ Thursday, February 26, 1916 manity for which American patriots sacri­ coming by sheer determination doctors, ficed their lives and fortunes. lawyers, dentists, writers, politicians, Mr. LO'IT. Mr. Speaker, I would like to I, therefore, believe it is my duty to love it, teachers, religious leaders, social work­ take this opportunity to give special to support its constitution, to obey its laws, ers, some of these women living in a pe­ recognition to Gloria Anne Neill of Ellis­ to respect its Flag and to defend it against all riod in our history when women's place ville, Miss., who has recently been an­ enemies. As Benjamin Franklin once said, was considered to be only in the home. nounced as our State winner in the and I quote, "We have given you a Republic It is woman history of which many of Veterans of Foreign Wars Voice of if you can keep it," (unquote); and truly we It do have a democracy in a republic, but only us may not have been aware. would be Democracy Scholarship program, and if we can keep it. We, you and I a,re the an­ fitting recognition of woman's role in call to the attention of my colleagues her swer to this; and may we, with the help of American history if each State and city essay on our country's heritage. God, be the right answer. searched out and honored its Founding VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY SCHOLARSHIP PRO• Mothers and their daughters and their GRAM, MISSISSIPPI WINNER, GLORIA ANNE daughters' daughters in this our Bicen­ NEILL A TRIBUTE TO DON KING tennial Year. Exactly what is America's Bicentennial Heritage? First of all, this is the mark of 200 years of separation from our Mother Country. HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. PLEASE Al\IBRICA, PULL YOURSELF We would never have had this heritage to OF CALIFORNIA TOGETHER honor and cherish had it not been for our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES God-fearing forefathers, who fought the long hard battles for freedom. The price these Thursday, February 26, 1976 HON. BOB WILSON men paid for us to have these liberties ls al­ Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ OF CALIFORNIA most unbelievable. For instance, two of the fifty-six men who signed the Declaration of er, now that we have completed today's IN THE HOUSE OF.REPRESENTATIVES Independence and pledged their lives, their most pressing legislative business, I Thursday, February 26, 1916 fortunes, and their sacred honor were would like to take a moment to call to Thomas McKeam and John Hart. McKeam the attention of the Congress the accom­ Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, from was so hounded by the British that he was plishments of a most noteworthy and tiri1e to time we hear a few kind.words forced to move his family constantly. He distinguished American, Mr. Don King. along with the brickbats from our allies served in Congress without pay; his family This Saturday evening Mr. King will be and friends overseas. Such a message is was kept in hiding; his possessions were honored by many of my constituents contained in a recent article published taken from him, but poverty was his reward. back in California at the fourth annual in the London Daily Telegraph. The latter, John Hart, was driven from his San Bernardino Black Athletic Hall of I wife's bedside as she lay dying with their include the article as a portion ·of thirteen children fleeing for their lives. For Fame banquet, and I would like to join my remarks: more than a year he was forced to live in the sponsors of that event-a community PLEASE, AMERICA, PULL YOURSELF TOGETHER forests and caves, returning home to find his organization known as Kutania Peo­ It is time America's friends spoke out, with wife dead and his children vanished. As a ple-in paying tribute to Mr. King. some naS-ty questions to the so-called "lib­ result, he died of heartbreak and exhaustion There is an old spiritual which is en­ eral" east-coast establishment. By that we only a few weeks later. titled, "Let the Work I've Done Speak mean sections of the press, sections of Con­ This document, for which men were willing for Me." That would be an appropriate gress, television commentators and comedi­ to give their lives, was so important to our ans, university pundits and a lot of other new nation and our newly gained freedom, song for Mr. King to sing, Mr. Speaker, pe()ple who may think there is a dollar to which frequently seemed on the verge of ~x­ because it is the success which Don King be made out of denigrating their country's tinction during the war, that it was rushed has made of his life, after a very unfortu­ institutions and leaders. We all know about from town to town to keep it out of the hands nate and unpromising start, which has the "trauma" of Vietnam and Watergate, but of the advanc!ng British. During the War of made him the hero he is today to young lt's getting a bit boring. How long has the 1812, and the burning of Washington, this people in ghettos, barrios, and reserva­ rest of the free world got to put up with great document was sewn into a linen bag tions across the country. Less than 5 these tender-minded people recovering from and lay hidden ili a Virginia barn. There is years ago Mr. King was serving time in their "trauma?" Indefinitely? certainly no question in my mind that the America ls accustomed to, and has merited, Declaration should be treated with care and prison for his conviction on a murder a good deal of deference from her allies. But reverence. charge; today he sits in a Rockefeller deference can be a disservice. The United The freedoms expressed in this document Plaza penthouse high above Manhattan, States should know that her European cous­ are a precious part of our American herit­ president of Don King Productions, Inc., ins and allies are appalled and disgusted by age-of our present, past and future-but perhaps the greatest heavYweight profes­ ithe pi·esent open disarray of her public life. more precious yet is the living idea which sional fight promoter in history. He The self-criticism and self-destructive ten­ makes the Declaration a vital fact of my raised $10 million for the fight between dencies are running mad, with no counter­ heritage. It lives, not only on paper, but in Muhammad Ali and George Foreman in vailing force in sight. She has no foreign the hearts and minds of all Americans. Its policy any more, because Congress wlll not preservation lies solely in our determination Zaire, and has even more ambitious plans allow it. Her intelligence arm, the CIA, is that it shall live. for the futur.e. being gutted and rend_ered inoperative, the America's heritage has held and still holds Much more important than what he names of its staff being publis~ed so that three of the most important things to me­ has done, however, is the impact his ex­ they can be murdered. Her President and life, liberty and the ,pursuit of happiness. ample has had on America's young peo­ Secretary of SI/ate are being hounded, not Among many other focal points in Ameri­ ple. He is a living symbol to those who f.or wha.t they· do· but simply because they can history to mo is the story of our flag and feel that they have no future, proof that are people there, to be pulled down for the the "Star Spangled Banner". But even more even though they may be down, they are fun of it. thrilling to me is th.e symbolical· meaning of We hope and believe thait the vicious antics our flag-the Red Stripes symbolizing the not necessarily out. of the liberal east-coast establishment, which blood spilled in defense of this glorious na­ Another lesson Don King has taught are doing all this untold ha.rm, do not reflect tion; the White Stripes signifying the burn­ all of us is that if you think you cannot, the feelingss of the mass of the country. But ing tears shed by Americans who lost their chances are you will not; if you think it is a. matter for wonder. Is the country as sons in battle; the Blue Field indicative of you are defeated before the fight st~rt.s, a. whole becoming deranged? Surely not. God's heaven under which it flies; and the you have lost before the bell sounds for Perhaps the presidential election later ·this Stars clustered together unifying fifty states the first round; but if you take the view year will clear the· air. ·yet tha.t is still ten for God' and country. that the only thing that is imPossible is months a.way, and in the meantime there And our sentinel of freedom, our Pledge of is all the campaigning to be gone through. Allegiance to the Flag of the United States achievement without hard work, then one Please, America, for God's sake pull yourself of America, may we always hold true to this. realizes that nothing is really impossible. together. America's Creed holds dear to me what I For many youngsters, Don King's life 4686 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Peb1·ua1"y 26, 1976 may be the only textbook they may ileged. I'm taking on a situation of man­ chester and was a member of the Inter­ ever remember. This is why we salute agement for football players, which I have governmental Fiscal Advisory Board. him. Hopefully, his example will inspire some 85 players. Abner F'l.ynes (former run­ ning back with several teams including the Mrs. Helwig was also active in commu­ many to keep in mind that it is not im­ New York Jets) is heading the group for me nity work during her time in office as portant what color their skin is,. or what and he had an organization called SCORE. director of the town's community action mistakes they may have made in the past, SCORE was one that took the minority program, director of the Larchmont or where they came from; they must blacks from the South and all these guys Community Chest, a member of New never quit trying. with talent and these young black athletes York's Citizens Committee for Public Mr. Speaker, I would like to share with that was going up there like Rayfield Wright Schools and a member of the Westchester our colleagues an article about Mr. King (the Dallas tackle) . "We're gathering the flock of youth to Council of the State Committee Against which appeared in the New York Times negotiate their contracts for a better type of Discrimination. In 1970, Mrs. Helwig was last August. I ask unanimous consent situation for them. You know, so when they honored by the Jaycees as Outstanding that it may appear in the RECORD im­ get aged in their career they have some­ Citizen of Mamaroneck and Larchmont. mediately following my remarks: thing. Now, what I told them, I would take Among her many other involvements DON KING, MINI-CoNGLOMERATE their organization on one condition: that in civic affairs are memberships in the (By Red Smith) they would eliminate that minority situa­ Mamaroneck Women's Club, the Larch­ tion and bring an American situation. If it and In the penthouse at 30 Rockefeller Plaza would be white and black, Chicano, Puerto mont League of Women Voters West­ far above Manhattan and two floors above Rican, everyone that's underprivileged as chester's Citizen's Committee, National the Rainbow Room, Don King directs the long as they are of common folks stock. Council on Crime and Delinquency. promotion of the rubber match between "Then, I told them, I will do your thing. The town of Mamaroneck and West­ Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier for the But if you want to make it an all totally heavyweight championship of the world, "the chester County as a whole are indebted black thing, then I want no part of it be­ to Christine Helwig for her many years thrill in Manila and the saga. of our life­ cause I feel that it is unrealistic to be totally time." Behind his desk is LeRoy Neiman's of service and outstanding contributions. all black, as it is totally unrealistic to have portrait of Ali, 8 feet tall, gloved fists lifted Although she has retired from public of­ anything all white. I understand my com­ in triumph. on the wall at his l~ft, Socrates mitment is to blacks. I am a black man, my fice, I know Mrs. Helwig will continue to contemplates the bust of Homer. strength comes from. blacks but this is not a. be actively involved with the concerns of Down a carpeted corridor is the office of strength or a commitment that means po­ her community, and for that we are all Hank Schwartz, executive vice president larization, isolation or alienation. g1·ateful. of Don King Productions, Inc. Sixteen months ago Schwartz, promoting George "I've taken over SCORE and I'm getting Foreman's fight with Ken Norton in Caracas, ready to go into the music business, which brought King in "as a black interface dealing I have an exciting, exciting new sound that only with blacks." Across the hall sits Bob comes from the ghettos of New York from LETTER FROM WASHINGTON Arum, legal counsel. A year ago you couldn't the Puerto Rican area. It's like a mixture be­ mention Arum, head of the closed-circuit tween the rhythm in blues in a Latin fla­ firm, Top Rank, in the presence of Schwartz, vor and the Brazilian taste, all into one. It's something that when you hear it it's a de­ HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTO. his competitor with Video Techniques, Inc. OF MASSACHUSETTS Six months ago King despised Arum. Now light to the ear. So now I'm gonna be run­ they work for him on a fight that he has nh'lg the gamut from publishing to recording IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES to management to production of concerts. scheduled for Sept. 30 purposely, because Thursday, February 26, 1976 that is the fourth anniversary of his release "I'm going to be in the producing of from prison for Murder Two. How could this movies because I'm going to get the best Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, happen? talent that's available- to do this. What I'm gonna be, like a mini-conglomerate, so when Tuesday I inserted in the RECORD the "It happened," non King says, ''because first installment of an article by Russell I had faith, I had faith in the American peo­ I walk through a ghetto and another little black kid or little Puerto Rican says it Baker entitled "Letter From Washing­ ple that ... that ... People are my most im­ which accurately describes the portant asset. I brought like a. refreshing ap­ can't be done in America, I will be a living ton" proach. I feel there are only in life, guys that contradiction to that statement." crisis in Government and the crisis .of are endowed with the talent by their Creator leadership that we face in this country. that can do thh1gs that wm reall:- make peo­ The second and final segment of the ple respect what is being done. So I might say article, which appeared in the Febru­ there's only been three really giant promo­ ary 15 issue of the New York Times Mag­ ters in our lifetime. There's Michael Todd HONORING CHRISTINE HELWIG azine follows: and P. T. Barnum and yours truly." FORMER SUPERVISOR OF THE I go to the Capitol in search of Congress He laughs, delighted by the coupling. TOWN OF MAMARONECK and find only policemen. The place is SOPHISTICATION AND PROFICIENCY swarming with them. They are on steps, in . Even before the Foreman-Norton bout doorways, outside elevators, pa.trolling cor­ came otr, King had guaranteed Foreman and HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER ridors, behind the bust of Aysh-Ke-Bah­ All $5-million each to fight in Zaire. He is OF NEW YORK Ke-Ko-Zhay ("A Chippewa. Chief") and the proud of bringing that otr, a black promoter statue Of Will Rogers. I roam through aeres matching two black fighters in !>lack Africa. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of cops, and at the House of Representatives "It was something by visualization that Thursday, February 26, 1976 I am forced to pass through a metal de­ would let the world see that we can rise to tector before they let me enter the press the occasion and do something with sophis­ Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, on gallery. tication, proficiency and effectiveness. This March 6, friends and colleagues through­ At the public galleries, some 200 tourists would put dubiousness to the claim that had out Westchester County will gather to are emptying pocket and purse of keys, been out hither to then, the blacks could honor Christine Helwig, former super­ coins, souvenirs. This is only a mite of the only be lethargic, slothful, they could not visor of the town of Mama1·oneck. total-security orgy which is placing a block­ rise to the occasion, they were retarded. You Mrs. Helwig served the town in the ade of guns between government and the know what I mean, all they could do wr<.: sing governed. And is it not necessary? In the and dance." capacity of councilwoman from 1959-68, past few years, the Capitol has been bombed, He tells of how he traveled, talked and deputy supervisor from 1966-68 and maniacs have attacked over the White worked "to get the extensive financing that supervisor from 1968 until her retirement House lawn, and sundry deranged persons was necessary for a poor product of the at the end of last year. During her tenure have been aiming guns at President Ford. black ghetto in Cleveland to come up with as supervisor, Mrs. Helwig held the posts Eventually, I am told, bullet-proof gla..ss ten million dollars, which I wanted to bring of secretary and vice president of the walls may be· installed between the Con­ something more astronomical in figures to Westchester Association of Town Super­ gressional galleries and the Senate and the :fighters than had hitherto been done, visors. House, and Congress will become known as which the biggest of that timP. was Jack While in office, Supervisor Helwig con­ the men in the glass booths. Kent Cooke and Jerry Perenchio." The effect of it, finally, is to heighten the (Making the first All-Frazier bout in 1971, tinually worked to improve the quality sense of disconnection between the Govern­ Cooke put up $5-m111ion for the fighters and of our envh·onment. In 1961, she was ap­ ment and us. So many police hips bulging Parenchio arranged the closed-circuit end.) pointed chairwoman of the Thruway with firepower, so many cool appraising po­ AN AMERICAN Srl'UA'l'ION Noise Abatement Committee. She also lice eyes, give one the impression o1 being "Now I'm diversifying," King says, "for served as chairwoman of the Envil"on­ looked upon as a menace, of being not quite those who are downtrodden and underpriv- mental Advisory Committee for West- safe. One hesitate::; about striding right February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4687 through doors and gates. There is a sense of thought that after so much catastrophe from to the consumer unnecessarily and contrib­ lost freedom. greatness, we would be delighted finally to utes to inflation. Under the surface of police which Congress settle for a competent second-rater who Engman declared that, "Most regulated in­ presents to the public, the one grim issue would tell us that while government may be dustries have become federal protectorates, tormenting Congress is the rise of police a grimy business, somebody has to do it, and living in a cozy world of cost-plus, safely power and what to do about it. Restraints there is no reason why it cannot at least be protected from the ugly specters of competi­ on the F.B.I.? Shall the C.I.A.'s secret inter­ done with honor. tion, efficiency and innovation.'' To correct national police operations be curtailed? Does It is hard to foresee such a man prevailing these problems, he called for re-examination national security mean that the President in Washington any more. There is still too of "every regulation or regulatory policy that must have no constraints placed on his ex­ much hunger for charisma and grandeur to contributes to inflation.'' tensive powers to police international af­ match that marble whiteness. It is no accident that government regula­ fairs? tion of the economy produces negative re­ The Senate's Church Committee and the sults. Liberal reformers who believed other­ House's Pike Committee are grappling un­ wise in the nineteen twenties learned a 'happily with these weighty questions, and REGULATORY AGENCIES lesson which modern liberals-and their Re­ the Congress is watching them with increas­ p1.l.blican imitators-must now re-learn. ing unhappiness. Press leaks of garish deadly Frederic G. Howe, a progressive who had been goings-on in the C.I.A. and lawbreaking in HON. BILL ARCHER in the Wilson Administration, wrote in 1925 in his Confessions Of A Reformer that he the F.B.I.. have apparently surfeited the OF TEXAS public with illustrations of what these agen­ had become distrustful of the government cies should not be doing-namely, breaking IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and he now "viewed it as the source of ex­ the law. But there is little discussion of what Thursday, February 26, 1976 ploitation rather than the remedy for it." they should be doing. Woodrow Wilson also understood the prob­ Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, one of the lems of government control of the economy. At the end of the month, in fact, the biggest problems our country faces is the In 1912 he declared: "If the government is excessive regulation of our economy by to tell big businessmen how to run their House voted to forbid publication of the business, then don't you think that big busi­ Pike Committee's C.I.A. report until the rules and regulations of the Federal Gov­ nessmen have got to get closer to government President (meaning, of course, the C.I.A.) ernment. Although promoted as benefi­ than they are now?" had removed material he considered damag­ cial to consumers, these restrictions The failure of government regulatory ing to national security. This was an extraor­ hamper our economy by limiting the op­ agencies is something which, in recent days, dinary retreat for a Congress which had erati on of the free market and harm con­ has become a reality accepted as true even come to Washington a year ago declaring, in by the strongest proponents of such bodies. Congressman Brademas's words, that it was sumers by forcing prices up. I have wel­ comed an examination of this problem Consider, for example, the record of the going to run the Government. Now it was Civil Aeronautics Board. If you a.re flying making the President its own censor. and the recent discussions on regulat-0ry reform. I wish to call to the attention of between Los Angeles and San Francisco, your Most of the report's juicier tidbits, of plane ticket will cost you $23 if you purchase course, had already been published in press the Members of the House an excellent it in New York (subject to federal control), leaks, which made the House vote doubly article by one of our colleagues, PHIL but only $16.50 in California. intere.sting. What alarmed the House was CRANE, who has been a leader in the bat­ The Los Angeles-San Francisco fare comes not the publication of the secrets, but the tle against excessive governmental regu­ possibility that Congress could be blamed for out to 4.6 cents a mile compared with 9.9 spilling them. It did not want to assume pub­ lations over our economy. The author cents between Boston and Washington, D.C. lic accountability for intervening in C.I.A. provides a background of these regula­ There is this simple difference: the Los tions and carefully examines the harm­ Angeles to San Francisco route is within a affairs. The best guessers I could find believe single state. An airline such as Pacific South­ that after the investigations and the uproar ful effects. The article entitled "Regula­ west Airlines, which operates only within subside, Congress will leave all the old ma­ tory Agencies" appeared in the January chinery intact. one state, is not subject to federal i·egulation. 1976 issue of the Journal of Social and Interstate airline flying the same route are Which brings us to the ultimate question Political Affairs. · of the imperial Presidency. Is it really dead, forced to ask the Civil Aeronautics Board to as the conventional wisdom proclaimed when The article follows: let them lower their rates in order to com­ Nixon was routed back to California? -. Morris REGULATORY AGENCIES pete with the unregulated intrastate airline. Udall, the House Democrat, who understands (By PHILIP M. CRANE, Member of U.S. The Boston to Washington, D.C. route is part power in Washington, says that it is. Henry Congress) of "interstate commerce.'' All of the airlines Kissinger constantly laments that it is, and flying it' are under federal regulation-and Prior to the advent of the New Deal in the consumer pays more. considering how brusquely Congress has un­ the nineteen thirties, with a number of spe­ done so many of his international ventures cific exceptions, the United States pursued Professors Peter Passell and Leonard Ross this past year, he would seem to know what a policy of support for the free market based of Columbia University write their "economic be is talking about. upon a belief that economic freedom and estimates suggest that, without the Civii I was not persuaded during my call on political freedom went hand in hand, as well Aeronautics Board, you could fly from New Washington. I saw a Congress that no longer as the idea that under a system of free en­ York to Los Angeles for $95, from Washing­ trusted Kissinger making it clear they didn't terprise the nation's goods and services ton, D.C. for $33. Current fares on the two trust him. I saw a President with no mandate would be most widely and most equitably runs are $168 and $52 respectively. In gen­ to govern being treated like a President with distributed. eral, it seems clea.r that without the CAB, air no mandate to govern. Since the advent of the New Deal, Ameri­ fares could be considerably lower throughout But the imperial Presidency remains in­ cans have pursued a policy of government the United States and abroad.'' tact. Congress has passed no significant law intervention in and regulation of the na­ Rather than trust the question of air fares to dismantle any of the powers built into tion's economy. The initial reason for this to the market · plabe, declare Professors the Presidency under Roosevelt, Truman, departure was the hope that such interven­ Passell and Ross, "Congress set up inde­ Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon. tion could help us avoid the difficulties which pendent regulatory commissions wlth bi­ Press and television still focus most of their occurred in 1929 with the. beginning of the partisan membership and lengthy terms. light on the White House and ignore Con­ Great Depression. Together, these 'expert agencies' preside over gress. And, most importantly, all thought and In every instance, the advocates of inter­ 10 per cent of the national economy, includ­ discussion centers on the monumental ques­ vention and regulation have advanced the ing interstate railway, truck, barge and ship tion of who the next President, the genuine, vie-w that their policies would best serve the transportation; communications by tele­ elected President, will be. "public" interest. Now, as we face a period phone, cable, radio, and television; electric After so much devastation, one thinks, of economic decline and are confronted by and atomic power; banking, the stock market something basic should have changed, and an economy in which inflation and recession and cattle investment trusts." yet very little has. Although Watergate has are occurring simultaneously, after a genera­ No interstate airline can operate without ruined men, the apparatus of the Super­ tion of unprecedented intervention and a certificate from the CAB declaring its presidency (along with the machinery of nor­ regulation, we are provided a. unique oppor­ "public interest, convenience and necessity." mal government) is still there, and public tunity to test the assumptions of the inter­ This means that no one can enter the airline expectations of the office still seem to make ventionists and regulators. business unless the CAB decides that the Americans hunger for an ideal man to fill it, In an important speech, unusual for a fed­ "public interest" requires it. Interestingly, which, finally, is what makes our Caesars eral official, the chairman of the Federal since it was established in 1938, the CAB fatten. Trade Commission, Lewis A. Engman, at­ has yet to find that the "public interest" Most persons I talk to this year still seem tacked federal regulatory agencies-specifi­ would be served by the entry of a single new to be dreaming of the perfect President, that cally including the Civil Aeronautics Board competitor to the ten major airlines. amalgam of Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln and the Interstate Commerce Commission­ Air travel, we often forget, is an inherently and Roosevelt who will one day appear out as protecting the industries they regulate in cheap commodity. According to statistics of the tube to save us. One might have an unhealthy relationship that raises costs compiled by Aviation Wee1c magazine, the 4688 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Februm·y 2U, B · j direct operating costs of a 747 are about Each year, hundreds of companies apply dustry to do what no unregulated private one cent per seat mile, or about $25 from for operating rights and are turned down industry is permitted by law to do-set its New York to Los Angeles. Professor Micha.el by the ICC. Robert Gallagher, a New York own prices. Interstate rates are established E. Levine, a former CAB staff member, noted attorney specializing in transportation mat­ by 148 "rate bureaus," which a.re regional that, "The board has ... operated an im­ ters, notes that, "The ICC has a disturbing associations of truckers. perfect cartel for the benefit of the industry." tendency to be protective of large carriers. " The rates which the trucking industry sets What is the answer to high air fares and In an important article, "Highway Rob­ for itself are put into e.ffect automatically lack of competition? Professors Passell and bery-Via the ICC," Mark Frazier, writing unless an aggrieved party goes to the expense Ross state that it is to "Allow free competi­ in The Readers Digest, reports that the ap­ of asking the ICC to intervene. John Snow tlon. Abolish the board's power to fix mini­ plication of Checker Transportation and of the Department of Transportation says mum pl'ices, and permit any responsible Storage is a case in point. He writes that, of the truckers that, "They are in a situation carrier to fly on any domestic route." "Checker has hauled household goods in that almost every industry would like to be In recent testimony before a U.S. Senate South Carolina for 27 years, using licenses in. They can sit down and veto the rates subcommittee, Dr. William A. Jordon, a owned by a number of giant van lines. Each of their competitors." leading critic of air regulation, declared that time the company makes an interstate trip, Any tl'ucker who tl'ies to lower his rates air fares in the U.S. are 40 to 100 per cent it must pay an average of ten per cent of finds that his position is almost impossible. higher than necessary because of the in­ the revenues to the big van companies that Mr. Frazier reports of the example of the dustry's regulation by the Civil Ae1·onautics hold the permits it needs. In August, 1972, Poole Trucklines of Alabama. "When Poole Board. He contended that, besides making Checker asked the ICC for a modest inter­ told customers that it was reducing by 35 air travel unnecessarily expensive, regula­ state license of its own. A half-dozen nation­ per cent its rate on hauling paper products," tion by the CAB has sharply cut into airline wide van lines and one regional competitor he 1Nrites, "the Southern Motor Carriers Rate profits by reducing employe productivity and who already held such permits :filed imme­ Conference protested to the ICC that the forcing the airlines to purchase unneeded diate protests. Checker had to spend $5,000 action was 'unjust and unreasonable.' The equipment. in legal fees to present its case. None of commission agreed, forcing the firm to can­ Dr. Jordon, a professor of managerial eco­ these complainants challenged Checker's cel its reduction." nomics at York University in Toronto, has service or denied the charge that they Since 1970, the ICC has exacted more than worked for four airlines over a 27 year shunned the short-haul interstate traffic $3 million from carriers and their customers period. He based his estimates on a number Checlrnr specialized in. through the courts for charging less than of detailed comparisons of federally regu­ Nevertheless, the con1mission, after a wait rate bureau fees. lated airlines with those opera.ting within of 20 months, rejected Checker's applica­ It is high time that free enterprise be Texas and California, which do not come tion-thus, forcing the line to continue pay­ permitted to work in the trucking industry. under CAB regulation. The studies also com­ ing virtual kickbacks for the right to haul Professor Thomas Gale Moore of Stanford pared the performance of CAB-regulated goods in interstate commerce. . ." University notes that when ICC regulations airlines with those in Canada and with With regard to the ICC's power to deter­ were removed from frozen vegetables in the transport planes operated by the Defense mine what a trucker can and cannot carry, 1950s, shipping rates dropped 20 per cent Department. we see a situation in which, according to and more. He predicts savings of billions The studies show that short-haul fares Mr. Frazier," ... some truckers are permitted of dollars a year if all rates were to be set probably are between 40 to 70 per cent higher to carry only unexposed film; exposed film by the free market. than they could be without CAB regulations, must be hauled by somebody else. Other Unfortunately, the trucking industry and Dr. Jordon said. This means that, without truckers may transport plastic pipe but not the Teamsters Union, which has 125 full­ regulation, the New York to Boston or New metal pipe. Officials at Quaker Oats, starting time staff members in Washington, D.C., York to Washington fare would be $15 to $17 a new pizza-making plant in Jackson, Ten­ profit by the regulations promulgated by the rather than the $25.93 and $27.78 that is nessee, have had to face problems with certifi­ ICC. The regulators themselves seem to have charged. cate-hobbled truckers. Trucks hauling tomato a good deal to gain by their continued serv­ For flights of medium distance, Dr. Jordon paste to the plant from California are not ice to the trucking industry as well. Of the estimated that existing fares were 75 to 100 allowed to carry pizzas back. Trucks bring­ 14 commissioners who have left the ICC for per cent higher than they would be without ing pizza crusts from Denver must also re­ new employment since 1958, 12 found jobs regulation, while transcontinental fares were turn empty." rep1·esentlng the industry they once con­ "around 100 per cent higher than they would Mike Parkhurst, a former trucker who now trolled. The Nader report argues that job­ be without regulation." He said that the edits the trucking magazine, Overdrive, notes switching between the ICC and the trucking total actual savings to all consumers of an that, "It's as if American Airlines could only industry has become so frequent tl1at "de­ end to the CAB's regulatory function would carry people from east to west, while United ferred bribes" have become the norm. amount to $3.5- billion. took passengers from west t.o east." It is not only with regard to trucking that Equally dramatic in its failtll'e to serve the The unfortunate fact is that cargo restric­ the ICC has done serious harm to the hi­ public interest is the record of the Interstate tions serve the trucking industry by creat­ terests of the public. Its activities relating Commerce Commission. ing a need for more trucking aetlvtty, and to railroads have been equally damaging. Originally establishd in 1887 to protect harm the consumer, by dramatically increas­ One dramatic example of the manner in customers and rail lines from discriminatory ing costs. By limiting what one carrier may which the ICC has ca.used significant harm p1·icing and rate wars, the agency today has ca.ITy back to his point of origin, the ICC by its interventionist policies may be seen more than 2,000 employes in 78 offices across also increased the demand for truck drivers, by examining the case of the Rock Island the country. Not only railroads, but inter­ which is something the Teamsters Union, Line, which currently is in serious financial state trucking and barge-lines have been needless t.o say, strongly favors. It is only difficulty. Its difficulties have been the result brought under the agency's jurisdiction. Its eonsumers who are harmed by the ICC, which not of the failure of free ente!prise, but of stated goal was to end "cut-throat competi­ serves the interest of the industry and the the refusal of government regula.tors to per tion" and serve the public. What it has done workers being regulated, not the "public" in­ mit free enterprise to work. is end competition entirely and serve the terest. It is estimated that regulated truckers Aware that it faced an untenable economic joint interests of the large companies and today travel empty an estimated 30 per cent situation if it continued to operate on its labor unions. of their miles, triple the percentage for un­ own, the Rock Island Line petitioned the Looking at the record of the I.C.C., Sena­ regulated caiTiers. These figures are spelled ICC in 1964 to approve a merger with the tor William Proxmire (D-Wisconsin) stated out in a 1970 report on the ICC co-authored Union Pacific. After considering the matter that, "The ICC has become a captive of the by Robert Fellmeth and members of the for ten long years, through countless hear­ transportation industry itself. Instead of reg­ Ralph Nader research staff. ings and 200,000 pages of transcripts, the ulating transportation to a.void monopoly Equally detrimental to the public is the ICC finally granted "conditional" approval and increased prices, it hM established ICC policy of establishing hundreds of thou­ of the merger. It is estimated that it will monopolies, reduced competition, and or­ sands of routes, often specifying to the mile take two to four more years to receive final dered high and uneconomic rates to cover where an individual truck may go. Agency ICC approval. the costs of inefficient producers." rules, for example, require Cedar Rapids Steel But, as the Rock Island waited, it eu­ The example of the ICC's regulation of Transportation-hauling sixty truckloads a countered the economic failure which it had the trucking industry is clear in illustrating week to Chicago from St. Paul-to 90 miles anticipated. During the past eight years it the manner in which the public is seriously out of the way, through Clinton, Iowa. Be­ has lost money, including a. record $22 mil~ harmed by its intervention in what would cause truckers are often prevented from tak­ lion last year. Now, in a desperate effort to otherwise be a free market. ing the quickest and most economic route to stay alive, the line, which has a. 7,500 mile The ICC has the power and authority to their destination, the cost to the consumer rail system and provides primary hauling :for (1) Dictate which truckers can go into in­ is increased, as is the use of much-needed at least 185 companies in the S't. Louis area, terstate business; (2) Determine what a. energy resources. Conservation groups such has asked its 10,000 employes to make volun­ commercial trucker can and cannot carry; as the Sierra Club estimate that tens o! mil­ tary loans to keep its trains running. It has (S) Decide what areas truckers may serve; lions of gallons of gasoline are wasted each also requested the U.S. Railway Association, and (4) Permit the trucking industry to fix year as ~ result of ICC regulations. the new federal planning organization cre­ its own pnces. Finally, the ICC permits the trucking in- ated by tbe Railroad Reorganize.ti.on Act,, !0,r Februa1·y 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4689 a $100 million loan and has been turned sumers." Another: the bankruptc;. of nu­ rlod of time. Thus, we will at least use the down. merous rail lines. ava.ilable supply. Discussing this situation; the St. Louis In precisely the same way in which the 2. Ownership will be complete (no renewal Globe Democrat editorially stated the fol­ Interstate Commerce Commission and the licensing) and only misuse by obscenity, etc. lowing: "Think of it. Fifteen years to com­ Civil Aeronautics Board limit competition will be grounds for losing one's license. plete action on a merger of two railroads that and serve the industries they are meant to 3. Sale of stations or even portions of a shouldn't have taken more than a few regulate, rather than the public, so the Fed­ station's frequencies will not be restricted, months! Compared to the ICC, the three­ eral Communications Commission tends also provided the buyer is technically competent toed sloth moves like a cheetah. If the ICC to serve the regulated industry rather tl1an to operate a station. had been in existence when the West was be­ the consuming public. 4. Copyright privileges will be extended to ing built by the railroads, the West would The Communications Act of 1934 which cover television in the same way as written still be Indian country.'' establishes the F.C.C. allows that body to re­ material. The rights may be sold or given to Rep. Brock Adams (Democrat-Washing­ strict licensing, oversee programming, and whomever the originator wishes. ton) recently reviewed the classic case of the strictly regulate pay-television. The regula­ 5. Cable television will be freed of restric­ Southern Railway System. In 1961 this rail­ tions enforced by the- F.C.C. maintain the tions other than copyright and obscenity road came up with a new, 100-ton aluminum monopoloy of the major television netwo1·ks, laws. covered hopper car called Big John, an inno­ and prnhibit any real competition in this 6. Subscription fees and/or advertising will vation intended to replace the old 50-ton field. be allowed for any over-the-air broadcasting. wooden boxcar whose side doors made it These restrictions state that (1) No sub­ 7. -To guard against future unnecessary in­ hard to load and whose many cracks and scription television may exist unless four tervention, the FCC direction to work for crevices allowed rain and weevils to get in "free" stations already exist in a given area; "public convenience, interest and necessity" while large amounts of grain spilled out. (2) Subscription television cannot show will be interpreted only in the sense o! tech­ The new car developed by Southern con­ series programs (e.g. "All In The Family"), nical quality. veniently loaded through the top and quickly movies which a.1·e two to ten years old, or Sena.tor Brock's proposal should receive the unloaded by opening bottom hoppers, and sports which ha.ve been on "free" television serious consideration it deserves. The public was totally sealed from the elements. Its in the last five years; and (3) Subscription interest, by any standard, J.s being served prospects were so good, in fact, that South­ television must show a certain amount of poorly by the FCC, although the major net­ ern petitioned the ICC for permission to free programming. works are being served well, since the FCC lower its rate for hauling grain by 60 per cent. The restrictions specifically deuy subscrip­ works to protect their own monopoly stand­ The ICC, however, turned the request tion television, whether cable or over-the-air, ing. down, claiming it would be unfair competi­ the cha.nee to compete with "free" television When the current chairman of the FCC, tion fo1· truck and barge lines. It took South­ for popular programming. Perhaps even more Richard E. Wiley. was asked to identify his ern four years of fighting in the courts-up important, they compromise our First major achievements during his year as chair­ to the Supreme Court itself-to force the Amendment rights. Freedom of speech and man, he produced a list of 25 items. includ­ ICC to allow it to exploit the advantages of of the press seem not to apply equally to ing final action on a long-standing case deal­ the new car. the electronic media and the printed media. ing with land mobile communications (mo­ It would be possible to fill pages with ex­ In fact, the Department of Justice calls the bile radios for business firms) , conclusion of amples of the manner in which the ICC has FCC's jurisdiction over cable television a four-yeai:s study of children's television worked against the public interest. In 1973, "highly questionable," and states that some and creation of task forces to cut down regu­ to cite an additional case in point, the ICC of its rules have "no reasonable basis." lf lation of cable television. issued an order forbidding railroads to carry changes were made in these arbitrary rules, Mr. Wiley conceded. that the commissiol} more than 20 percent of the grain, which was it is certain that every community in the takes too long to decide cases. "People are then moving in huge amounts to the nation's nation would have more choice with regard concerned in this country about regula~ry ports, ill highspeed 'Wlit trains,' which pro­ to television viewing. The result would be delay," he said. "If you get sent to ~earing vide the most efficient method of transpor­ the kind of diversity which a free society today, unless you're a rich guy it's alm9st tation. should welcome. like losing. It will take years." In fa.ct, the At that time, the ICC's reasoning was that Another major area in which added di­ hearing process a.t the F.C.C. commonly takes these trains travel only on ma.in lines and versity is possible is that of frequency auo.. from two to six years. this would prevent country grain elevators cation. Under current regulations, the F.C.C. What the federal government has done in from having their grain hauled. allocates stations on the basis of the Com­ this area., beginning with the Radio Act o1 When the irrationality of this order was mission's own evaluation of the public in­ 1927, is to nationalize the airwaves. In eiiect, discovered, the National Commission On terest. The i·esult has been the scattering of the federal government has taken title to the Productivity asked the ICC if it ha.d studied stations in an inefficient manner so that ownership of all radio a.nd television chan­ the possibility of using tntcks to get grain only two areas, th& Los Angeles a.nd New nels. It then proceeded to grant licenses for from the country elevators to the main lines. York metropolitan areas, have siX VHF sta.r­ use of the channels to various privately The ICC replied that it had not. It said that tions while it is technically feasible !or every owned stations. its job was to protect shippers, not con­ community to. do so. An entirely different, Stations, since they receive the license cern itself about the efficiency of the trans­ and more beneficial, result would occur if the grants, do not have to pay for the use of air­ portation system. free market. not a government agency, could waves. Thus, the stations receive a signifi­ Adding all of this up, the Globe-Democrat restructure the distribution of frequencies. cant form of subsidization, something which declared that, "The list of the ICC's blunders There are many ways to correct the prob­ they, just as the truckers and airlines. seek could go on and on. Nearly everyone who lem. One would be to auction all presently to maintain. The federal government. as the has looked into its labyrinthian labors agrees available television frequencies to the high­ licensor, asserts the right to regulate the that this tired old bungler should be cash­ est bidder. The industry, through the price stations in every aspect of their business, iered. The ICC is a costly, paralyzing anach­ system, would be allowed to decide how the including editorial content. Over the head ronism-a very heavy load on the transpor­ frequencies should be distributed. Beyond of each station ls the threat of nonrenewa.l tation industry and the American public. this. the FCC should relinquish its control or suspension of its license. Freedom of It should be assigned to the scrap heap." over cable television and permit the tele­ speech on radio and television is, as a result, This, of course, is nothing new. According vision industry to operate competitively. always questionable. to a study by the Brookings Institution, the It is clear that many interests would op­ Contrasting the manner in which televi­ economic loss resulting from ICC regulation pose such reforms as these. One of these, of sion and radio is controlled by the FCC with in 1968 alone ranged from a low of $3.78 bil­ course, is the National Association of Broad­ a similar form of hypothetical control over lion to a high of $8.79 billion. While it is a casters, which has waged an expensive cam­ newspapers, Prof~ssor Murray Rothbard, in story which many have understood for some paign against pay-television. So-called "free" his Important book. For A New Liberty, time, there is now some hope that the fla­ television costs consumers $4.1 billion an­ writes the folloWing: grant abuses of the ICC, when considered in nually in advertising fees. Pay-television will "What would we think, for example, if light of our current economic difficulties, will only work if it provides the viewing audience all newspapers were licensed. the licenses to prove even less acceptable than they were with programming for which it is willing to be renewable by a Federal Press Commission, in the past. pay. Obviously, as is the case with the air­ and with newspapers losing their licenses if The latest annual report of the President's lines and the trucking industry, the tele­ they dare express an 'unfair' editorial Council of Economic Advisers, notes that vision networks now in existence prefer a opinion, or if they don't give full weight. to ICC regulation of the transportation indus­ government-controlled monopoly to free public service announcements? ... or oonsi­ try allows exemptions from the anti-trust competition. Again, only the public is the der ff an book publishers had to be licensed laws, presents serious baniers to entry into loser. and their licenses were not renewable if their the trucking business and promotes costly To correct the problems inherent in the book lists failed to suit a Federal B<:>oks inefficiencies in the railroad freight trans­ conduct of the F.C.C .• Senator W1lliam Brock Commission? . . . An abstract constitution portation, all of which are "inconsistent with has proposed an act to "de-regulate" televi­ guaranteeing 'freedom of the press' is mean­ an efficiently organized transport sector." One sion. Its main featm·es include the follow­ ingless in a sociallst society. The p<>int is :result of the present ICC regulations, accord­ ing: that where the government owns all the ing to the report: "windfall profits to more 1. All remaining stations will be auctioned newsprint, the paper, the presses, etc., tbe efficient truckers and higher prices to con- to the highest bidder over a reasonable pe- government--as owner-must deeide bow to CXXII--297-Pa.rt 4 4690 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1976 allocate the newsprint and the paper, and drugs by approximately four years. leading regulation are not available," the council what to print them on. The solution for to higher prices "on the order of $200 t o $300 saicl, "but existing evidence suggests that this radio and television? Simple: treat these million a year.'' may range up .to 1 per cent of the Gross media precisely the same way the press and Dr. Weidenbaum declares that, "A second National Product, or approximately $66 per book publishers are treated ... the govern­ managerial revolution is now under way­ person per year." ment should withdraw completely from any a. silent bureaucratic revolution, in the course The President's economic advisors stated role or interference in all media of expres­ of which the locus of much of the decision that there has been a marked trend in recent sion. In short, the federal government should making in the American corporation is shift­ years toward more rather than less govern­ denationalize the airwaves and give or sell ing once again-from the professional man­ ment intervention in directing the operations the individual channels to private owner­ agement ... to the vast cadre of govern­ of many companies. In the process, federal ship." ment regulators." regulators have tended to protect those firms If television stations became privately The price of the typical new 1974 passenger already in business at the expense of innova­ owned and independent, the large networks automobile is about $320 higher than it tion and at increasing cost to consumers. To would no longer be in a position to put pres­ would have been in the absence of federal­ prevent bankruptcies, the council said, regu­ sure upon the FCC to outlaw the competi­ ly mandated safety and environmental re­ latory agencies "are thus prone to protect tion of pay-television. Discussing the concept quirements. The same is true with regard to firms from competition-frequently to the of "free television," which is advanced by many other products. Professor Weidenbaum detriment of efficient service." the networks to defend their own monopoly believes that attention should be focused on As an example, the council cited the Civil position, Professor Rothbard points out that this route to inflation for two reasons: "(1) Aeronautics Board, established in 1938. No "free television" is not really free. He writes The government is constantly embarking on major airline has gone bankrupt since then, that, " ... the programs are paid for by the new and expanded programs which raise although several airlines "at the brink of advertisers, and the consumer pays by cover­ costs and prices in the private economy and · bankruptcy" have merged with stronger ing the advertising costs in the price of the (2) Neither government decision makers nor lines. Regulation by the CAB, said the coun­ product he buys ... The television advertiser, the public recognize the significance of these cll, has resulted in air service that is below for example, is always interested in (a) gain­ inflationary effects. Literally, the federal gov­ optimum standards in both quality and ing the widest possible viewing market; and ernment is continually mandating more in­ price. With fares regulated in Washington, (b) in gaining those particular viewers who flation via the regulations it promulgates. airlines tend to compete only on a basis 01· will be most susceptible to the message. These actions of course are validated by an scheduling, over which the CAB has no con­ Hence, the programs will all be geared to accommodating monetary policy.'' trol. The council declared that, "The result the lowest common denominator of the Rather than burden the public treasury is 'excess ·capacity,' and efforts to raise the audience, and particularly to those viewers with the full cost of cleaning up environ­ regulated fares in order to assure a return most susceptible to the message; that is, mental pollution-which would mean a Con­ on investment greater than the industry's those viewers who do not read newspapers or gressional vote for added expenditure-we perceived cost of capital serve only to set magazines, so that the message will not now require private firms to devote addition­ the stage for further battles over how to fill duplicate the ads he sees there. al resources to that purpose. Similarly, in­ all the empty seats." "As a result, free television programs tend stead of spending federal funds to eliminate In the current regulatory environment, the to be unimaginative, bland, and uniform. traffic hazards which, again, would require a Council of Economic Advisers stated, the air­ Pay-television would mean that each pro­ vote by members of Congress for huge ex­ lines have not earned windfall profits nor gram would search for its own market, and penditures, we require motorists to purchase suffered dramatic losses, "but the traveling many specialized markets for specialized vehicles equipped with various safety fea­ public has paid higher fares because of the audiences would develop-just as highly tures that appreciably increase the selling regulation-induced excess capacity," de­ lucrative specializetl markets have developed price. veloped at a time when the CAB encouraged in the magazine and book publishing field." Exactly the same is true with regard to the more competition on many routes than there It should be clear to all those who will · effect of regulations promulgated by such was business to support. look objectively at the data that regulatory bodies as the Occupational Safety and Health This excess capacity, the council argued, bodies such as the Civil Aeronautics Board, Administration and the Consumer Safety provides more frequent departures, less the Interstate Commerce Commission and Commission. Concerning these, Professor crowding and a better chance of getting the Federal Communications Commission Weidenbaum notes that, ". . . every time seats on preferred flights, but at a value to serve not the public interest, in whose :name OSHA imposes a mdre costly, albeit safer, the nation's economy "almost surely less they were created, but, instead, the very method of production, the cost of the result­ than its cost." private interests they were intended to ant product will necessarily tend to rise. In surface transportation, the council crit­ regulate--the truckers, the airlines, and. the Every time that the Consumer Safety Com­ icized the lack of challenges by the Inter­ radio and television networks. mission imposes a standard which is more state Commerce Commission to truck rates Just as government regulation directly costly to attain, some product costs will tend set by cartels that have anti-trust immunity. harms the public in these fields, so a host of to rise. The same holds true for the actions If the trucking industry could be opened up other government regulations, imposed by a of the Environmental Protection Agency, the to new firms with free rate competition, said number of different government agencies, Food and Drug Administration, and so forth.'' the council, the result would be lower ship­ harm the public in other ways-both directly While many believe that imposing costly ping costs. and indirectly. regulations upon private business somehow Railroads present the opposite problem-a The fact that government regulations, aids the public without costing it anything, lack of freedom to exit from the business. even in those areas where some possible ICC regulation, the council concluded, has benefits may be found, cost the · taxpayers this is not the case. The higher prices which are paid by consumers throughout the Amer­ prevented rail firms from dropping unprofit­ billions of dollars each year is something able services that truck competition brought which many Americans do not understand. ican economy represent the "hidden tax" which is simply shifted from the taxpayer to about and "impaired the overall financial A study published in February, 1975, Gov­ position of the railroads." ernment Mandated Price Increases by Pro­ the consumer. Dr. Weidenbaum concludes that, "As these government-mandated costs For financial institutions, Mr. Ford's coun­ fessor Murray L. Weidenbaum of Washington cil s:""'een a shift to more, rather Concluding that existing controls by such ported the concept of government regulation than less, government intervention and, if agencies as the Interstate Commerce Com­ of various aspects of our economy are now this reduces innovation and productivity, it's mission and Civll Aeronautics Board are admitting that such regulation has been a something to be concerned about." "imposing significant costs on the economy," failure. One of the areas dealt with in the study ls the council advocated the formation of a In an editorial entitled "The Need For that of drugs. Regulations imposed by the national commission to study the question Regulatory Review," the Washington Post, in Food and Drug Administration, according to of regulatory reform. its issue of February 10, 1975, notes that, "We the study, delay the introduction of effective "Precise estimates of the total costs of suspect that much of this regulation no February .:26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4691 longer serves the purpose for which it was provide migrant workers with the same Only when the American people recognize created and needs to be either eliminated or amenities as permanent workers-100 square that this is the inevitable result of govern­ drastically changed. The ICC, for example, feet of living space (the present state stand­ ment regulation will we begin to really solve was created in 1887 primarily to protect the ard is 60 square feet) , flush toilets and show­ the problem. public against the monopoly power of the ers in each room. Some Illinois strawberry The regulatory agencies which we have at railroads. For a long time now, its primary farmers concluded that the capital invest­ the present time are, in fact. remnants of the role has been to protect the railroads against ment required could not be justified for a philosophy of the Progressive Movement, competition from other carriers of freight two-week harvest. According to James Mills, which dominated the American scene in the . . . the ICC may be a classic example of a.n an official with the Illinois Department of years from the turn of the century to U.S. agency that has outlived its useful life by Public Health, a. basic problem is the lack of entrance into World War I. several decades. As far as we can tell, only it distinction under OSHA regulations between Discussing this movement in his book, and the industries over which it has jurisdic­ long-term and short-term migratory farm The Bewildered Society. George Roche III tion defend the way in which surface trans­ worker housing. Centralia farmers, he was writes that, "The Progressive Movement, portation is now regulated." quoted as saying, "just can't compete and, which dominated the American scene in the The Post declares that, "The economic if OSHA pnts the pressure on them, they'll years from the turn of the century to United problem of this kind of regulation is stag·ger­ get out of the migrant business completely States entrance into World War I, was not ing. There is a grnwing body of data that and go strictly U-Pick," where consumers primarily a liberal movement ... in con­ suggests it costs far more-not just to the pick the fruit for their own use for a fee. trast to former American efforts at reform, government but in unnecessarily high prices The very men and women meant to be progressivism was based on a new philosophy, for consumers-than the value of the bene­ helped by OSHA regulations such as this have p~tly borrowed from Europe, which empha­ fits the regulation brings. The President's been the ones most clearly hurt-by losing sized collective action through the instru­ economic report says one study puts the costs their jobs. All Americans are hurt by the mentality of the gove1·nment." of government regulation of the surface higher prices they a.re forced to pay. Now, Dr. Roche states that, "The new political transportation industry alone at $4 billion to OSHA has assigned a social scientist to ex­ theory of the Progressives borrowed most $9 billion a year." plore the idea of extending occupational heavily from bureaucratic thought. The ideal Despite the temporary dislocations which health surveillance to management person­ was to achieve a professional staff of gov­ an ~nd to, or radical reform of, government nel, supposedly to consider psychological ernment workers who presided over the op­ regulatory agencies might. entail, the Wash­ stress among executives. NAM Repo-rts for erations of society in an essentially non­ ington Post believes that this is the time to­ July 29, 1974, indicates that the National partisan manner. The old distinctions sepa­ proceed. The Post concluded its editorial by Institute for occupational Safety and Health rating executive, legislative and judicial stating that, ''. .. this seems to us to be the has recommended that it test and certify all functions we1·e now to be set aside in favor time for Congress to get on with it. ·If it is personal protective equipment, thus exclud­ of 'the public man,' the leader who could true ... that the hand of government reg­ ing competent private laboratories from the take charge of a modern, highly specialized ulati<>n is now a. major drag on the economy, testing process. The institute's proposal also government. Constitutional interferences and it certainly appears to be true in some calls for an "absolute guarantee" that a prod­ which stood in the way of this public man areas. ways can be found to ease the tran­ uct it had tested would not fail in the mar­ were regarded as anachronisms from a previ­ sition of business back toward a less regu­ ketplace. ous and less enlightened age." lated situation. To ·do t.hat, Congress may In the name of environmental control and What the Progressives seemed not to prop­ have to upset some of the theories that have safety, federally mandated costs average $320 erly understand was that the more they used dominated government policies for decades per new automobile. With new car purchases political authority to defend or restore indi­ and will have to face up to some of the totalling about 9 mlllion for 1974, American vidual values, the more they created a polit­ entrenched special interest groups. But we motorists paid approximately $3 billion extra ical and social condition which le.ft steadily can think of few greater contributions this for the governmentally imposed require­ less room for the individual. Dr. Roche de­ Congress could make to a. proper celebration ments. In addition, the added weight and clares that, "The Progressives were bound to of the nation's Bicentennial than a full dress complexity of the mandated features have fail in their attempt to destroy a power mo-. reappraisal of what government is doing in increased the opera.ting costs of vehicles, par­ nopoly by creating a power monopoly." the way of regulating free enterprises and of ticularly the fuel costs. The cost of the new In 1912 Woodrow Wilson expressed the why it is doing it." catalytic converters that will be required hope of the Progressives this way: "When The fact that the Washington Post and on 1975 automobiles is estimated at $150 per we resist the concentration of power, we are other liberal publications and legislators vehicle. There is, in addition, recent infor­ resisting the powers of death, for concen­ have now come to understand the regressive mation indicating that the converters are trated power is what always precedes the de­ nature of our regulatory agencies, and the themselves failures, causing more problems struction of human liberties." This is a senti­ manner in which they work against rather than they correct. ment with which Americans today Should than in behalf of the public interest is cer­ It seems clear that government regulation find themselves in agreement. Yet. today, the tainly to be welcomed. Hopefully, they will of industry, particularly in the safety area, concentration of power which we face is in come to understand that such agencies are has been insensitive to the notion of discov­ the hands of the very government to which not accidentally negative but are inherently ering the least costly way of achieving objec­ the Progressives looked for an answer. so. Unfortunately, some advocates of "regu­ tives. Professor Roger L. Miller of the Uni­ The effect of the regulatory agencies estab­ latory reform" mean by this term not a re­ versity of Washington has described the lished initially during the Progressive era has turn to the free market but, instead, the problem in these terms: "Now they seem to not been to serve the public, but to serve the creation of new regulatory agencies to over­ be insisting that Detroit should begin pro­ vested interests they were created to regulate. see the ones we have at the present time. ducing what amounts to overly expensive A number of historians have made it clear Those who advance this viewpoint should tanks without giving much thought to some that the primary effect of the new regulatory remember that government regulations, even alternatives that are just as effective, while agencies was to give dominant business before they are actually administered, have less costly to society. Modification or removal groups a greater control over their respective economic interests than they had previously a im­ of roadside hazards might eliminate as many negative effect upon the economy. One enjoyed. In fact, Professor Gabriel Kolko, ill pact of federal regulation is what has become a,s one quarter of all motor vehicle fatau.:. ties. Another 10 per cent or so occur when his volume, The Triumph Of Conservatism, known as the "announcement effect." For insists that it was the dominant business some time, economists have pointed out the automobiles collide with bridge abutments, or with pier supports overpasses.'' groups themselves who shaped and promoted existence of this effect with regard to gov­ or the "Progressive" reforms as a means of con­ ernment spending or taxation. What happens In addition. 60 per cent of drivers in fatal, tinuing their own dominance. ls that potential government contractors m~y single cm• crashes are drunk, as are 50 per Professor Kolko writes that, "It is business start preparing to bid on a project even be­ cent of the drivers at ·fault in fatal crashes control over politics (and by 'business' I fore Congress has appropriated funds for it, involving two cars or more. Professor Miller mean the major economic interests} rather or consumers may increase their expenditures asks the obvious question: "Why should the than political regulation of the economy that while a tax cut is still being debated. many who purchase autos end up paying for is the significant phenomenon of the Progres­ The role played by the Occupational increased safety in order to prevent fatalities sive era ... Political capitalism is the utili­ Safety and Health Administration provides a involving the drunken drivers?" He sug­ zation of political outlets to attain conditions case in point. In Illinois, the rumor that gests that a far less expensive alternative of stability, predictability and security-to OSHA might impose more stringent stand­ might b~ more vigorous legal prosecution of attain rationalization-in the economy." ards for migrant worker housing caused drunken drivers and drunken pedestrians. In the Progressive era, government became strawberry farmers to reduce their produc­ Whether we are discussing the Consumer an ally rather than a foe of entrenched in­ tion. The St. Louis Post Dispatch of June 11, P1·oduct Safety Commission, the Environ­ terests, both those of big business and of the 1974, quoted Lester Pitchford, the largest mental Protection Agency, OSHA, the CAB, large labor unions. Political regulation of grower in the Centralia. area, as stating that, the ICC, the FCC, or any of the myriad of economic affairs proved to be designed in "We don't know if OSHA is coming or not, other governmental regulatory agencies we most cases by the very interests presumably but when it was even rumored, it put straw­ find a similar story-regulation in behalf of to be regulated. That is why, when 'M>day we berry production out." the public which, in the end, costs the public discuss the possibWty of eliminating such · The basis for the concern in this case was a great deal of money and does the public a agencies as the ICC, that the major defeJJde:rs the possibility that farmers would have to significant amount of harm. of this agency ru·e the trucking industry and 4692 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1976 the Teamsters UD.ion-the groups to be regu­ abusing the power of the state for its spe­ the worldwide Scouting movement. Re­ lated who have ·turned that agency into one cial purposes, where prices and wages lqse cently the museum received a contribu­ which pursues their own interests, and op­ their mobility except in an upward direc­ poses the "pubiic interest." tion, where no one wants to adhere to the tion of a set of Scouting unifarms from The ·classic symptOms of monopoly have reliable rules of the market any more, and Iran, and the supporters of the museum been ( 1) An absence of price competition, where consequently nobody knows any longer would be very interested in obtaining and (2) An inability for new competitors to whether tomorrow a new whim of the legis­ similar Scouting artifacts from across enter the marketplace. Nothing could be a lature will not upset all calculations, an the Nation or from other foreign coun­ more accurate description of a government­ economic system in which everyone wants tries. regulated industry. As we have already se~n. to live exclusively at the expense of the com­ My colleagues and their constituents agencies such as the FCC do nothing more munity and in which the state's budget fi­ are cordially invited to visit our fine than permit the already established giants nally comes to about half of the national in the communications field an absolute mo­ income: a system of this kind is not only Scout Museum at 708 Seminary Street, nopoly of the area by means of government bound to become unprofitable and thus the next time they have the pleasure of licensure. The CAB does precisely the sa.me bound to intensify the scramble for the re­ visiting the city of Rockford. thing for the airlines, and the same can be duced total profit, but it will moreover in discovered in other regulated sectors of our the end suffer a complete breakdown. This economy. is usually called the crisis of capitalism and Discussing this unfortunate situation, Pro­ is used as an occasion fOr new and revolu­ THE GIRL SCOUTS, U.S.A. fessor Yale Brozen of the University of Chi­ tionary interventions which complete the cago states that, "The regulatory agencies not ruin and corruption and finally present us only prevent those in the transportation in­ with the inexorable choice of either return­ HON. WILLIAM H. NATCHER dustry from competing with each other­ ing to a reasonable and ethical market sys.:. they also protect those in the industry from tern or of plunging into the collectivist OF KENTUCKY the entry of additional competitors. You can­ adventure.'' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not get into the trucking business, the air­ The American society has the opportunity Thursday, February 26, 1976 line business, the bus business as you would to turn away from its self-destructive poll· enter reta111ng or manufacturing. You must cies of governmental regulation of the eco­ Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Speaker, no group be certified by the CAB if you wish to enter nomy. The place to begin, many in Washing­ is as highly held in the affection of the the airline business. The CAB has not certi­ ton now believe, is with the abuses of the American public as our Girl Scouts-the fied an additional scheduled airline in. the regulatory agencies, some of which have been Girl Scouts of-the United States of Amer­ continental United States since it began op­ discussed here. Unless we take these steps erating in 1938. The ICC will certify an addi­ now, it may cost us much more to do so in ica. Their national week begins this year tional common carrier truck company to op­ the future. With our economy headed down, on March 12 and I am sure my colleagues erate on a given route only if it can be with unemployment and inflation mounting here today will want to join me in trib­ demonstrated that adequate truck service is at the same time, we can 111 afford the coun­ ute to our country's largest organization not available on the route in question. The ter-productive role being played by regula­ for girls as they observe this annual only major city in which you can start a taxi tory agencies in Washington. Hopefully, an event.· business simply by applying for a taxi license aroused society, carefully ·examining the It has been 64 years since Juliette Gar-· and demonstrating that you f the stirring history of different, Mr. Speaker. In 1976 the Girl February 26; 1976 EXTENSIONS_OF REMARKS 4693 Scouts, as their contribution, are ac- agencies can be working at cross-pur­ the great amount of i·egulation. They . tive in all types of community service. poses: If a company follows one agency's have neither the staff nor the finances to They seek to protect our environment. regulations, it may soon find itself run­ be able to handle the great amount of They work to conserve our national re­ ning afoul of another agency's rules. regulations. The result is some are forced sources and·strive for better understand­ Agencies even find themselves running tO clO.se their doors. They are unable to ing among all our people. afoul of their own regulations. Dr. Mur­ oompete with big business in various Resilient and determined, irrepressible ray Weidenbaum, a respected economist, areas. This has been particularly true in and funloving, our Girl Scouts of the tells how the Consumer Product Safety the defense industry. United States of ·America are one of our Commission bought 80,000 buttons to en­ In the past several years 300 to 350 greatest assets. As they go now into courage toy safety. The buttons were · foundries have closed, many of which their 65th year, I offer my best wishes decorated with lead paint which can be were smaller ones unable to meet Fed­ a.nd pledge them my contin,ued support. lethal if licked by children. The Com­ eral regulations. These closings resulted mission had. to get rid of its own buttons. · in more unemployment in those areas Some regulations are ridiculous. Last affected. year it was reported that OSHA had reg­ For too long Government regulation THE HIGH COST OF FEDERAL ulations covering spittoons. has been viewed as a positive force with REGUI.JATION Other agencies have run into problems little questioning of its costs and effects. with each other. The EPA restrictions on It is necessary to find out what the costs pesticides harm some Department of ·and benefits of regulations are ·and by Agriculture programs to eradicate cer­ that yardstick determine which are HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK tain insects. A number of other examples needed. OF OHIO exist. The issue is clear. A number of pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Recent studies have also questioned posals have been made and bills intro­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 the efficacy of much Federal regulation. duced by myself and others. It is up to Last year a study on "Regulation of the present congressional leadership to Mr. ASHB;EtOOK. Mr. Speaker, almost Pharmaceutical Innovation" had the fol­ start taking action on these to give proof 200 years ago this Nation was founded lowing to say on the 1962 drug amend­ that the Congres;; is facing up to its re­ on a number of principles. One of the ments: sponsibility in this whole area of over­ main ones was the concept of limited Treated as a group, consumers seem clearly powering and overcostly Government government. to have lost on balance from the amend­ regulation. The virtues of limited government ments. Their annual gains and losses break seem to have been forgotten by many down as follows: political leaders. Government bureauc­ (1) missed benefits (consumer surplus) racy has grown. Regulations stifle more from the reduced fl.ow of new drugs, produc­ CHARLES CARROLL OF and more aspects of life. Regulation by ing a loss of $300-$400 mlllion; CARROLLTON Government has taken on awesome di­ (2) reduced waste on purchases of ineffec­ mensions. Proof of this can be seen in tive new drugs, producing a ga.in of under $100 million; and HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON the regulatory agencies. (3) higher prices !or existing drugs be­ Federal agencies have steadily grown cause of reduced competition from neiw OF MARYLAND in number, in size, in complexity and in drugs, producing a loss of $50 million. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES the number of regulations issued forth. These measurable effects add up to a net Thursday, February 26, 1976 Just stop and think a minute. There is loss of $250 to $350 mlllion; or about 6 per­ the EPA, FCC, F'PC, FTC, ICC, EEOC, cent of total drug sales. There are additional Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, there has OSHA, CAB, CPSE, FAA, and the SEC. gains from the screening, through added been a great deal of publicity recently And this is only a partial list. I am sure testing, of especially unsafe ne\v drugs from regarding various Revolutionary War the market and additional losses from delay heroes and signers of the Declaration of that if you gave a few more seconds in marketing especially bene.ftcial innova­ thought, you easily could add another tions. Since neither type has been proposed Independence. One of the most impor­ half dozen to the list. or marketed since 1002 and their proba:ble tant signers was a distinguished citizen of Since first being elected to Congress I incidence without the amendments is diffi­ Maryland, Charles Canon of Carrollton, have opposed burdening the American cult to measure, the gains and losses must who laid his life and his fortune on the taxpayer with unnecessary regulation. I be conjectural. If an inoidence of one of each line in July 1776. . have opposed those bills creating new type per decade is assumed, and the amend­ There have been several important agencies which in my opinion had more ments are assumed to eliminate all espe­ displays in the Washington-Baltimore cially unsafe drugs, the gain is well under area in this Bicentennial Year regarding costs than benefits. It is heartening to $50 m1llion and the loss about $200 million see that others in Government are be­ annually. The latter :figure is conservative, the life and works of Charles Carroll of ginning to realize these problems. given the rate at which unusually beneficial Carrollton. I think, however, that it is In this Congress I offered an amend­ drugs were introduced before 1962 and the important to remember that the appela­ ment and introduced legislation that magnitude of existing major health prob­ tion, "Charles Carroll of Carrollton," was would create a precedent to make agen­ lems. a result of Mr. Carroll's estate in Fred­ cies responsible for damages as a result Another study, completed in 1973, even erick County, Md. This fact has not, per­ of wrongful actions. questioned the regulation of advertising haps, received adequate exposure. · The costs of Federal regulation are by the FTC. The author of the study Ellen Hart Smith's biography, Char_les astounding. It has been estimated that wrote: Carroll of Carrollton, states: Charles Carroll of Annapolis made over to Government regulations and restrictions On balance, one may doubt whether the cost American consumers $130 billion or his son Carrollton Manor, a large tract of benefits from the commission's efforts to pre­ land in Frederick County. He also put the about an average of $2,000 per family. vent false advertising actually exceed the entire estate at his disposal; but this manor Even some of the agencies doing the costs. was peculiarly the younger Carroll's own, regulating admit that their agencies add The great abundance of Government and from it he took the title-Charles Car­ more dollars to the price tags of goods roll of Carrollton-which he needed at once and services. Last summer a special staff regulations harm the consumer and the to distinguish him from the :flock of Charles · report of the Civil Aeronautics Board businessman. When business is faced Carrolls in and around Annapolis. Thus he had this to say on airline fares: with the costs of meeting Government signed his letters almost from the day of his arrival in Maryland. The present system of regulation causes regulations, those costs are passed on to higher than necessary costs and prices, which the consumer. The consumer pays for the Maryland and the Nation are justly in turn suppress demand. The undesirable regulations in two ways: In higher prices proud of his contributions to American etrects outweigh the benefits of such regula­ for products and more of his tax dollars tion. history. Charles Carroll of Carrollton going to pay for the bureaucracies neces-· 1·isked the largest fortune in America to Numerous ''snafus'' can and do result. sary to carry out the regulations. It costs support the Revolution. He added his One section of an agency can be ordering more than $4 billion a year to fund all great intellectual talents and business one action that another part of the same the regulatory agencies. skills to the benefit of the young strug­ agency then outlaws. Or two different Small businessmen also are harmed by gling country he helped to found. His 4694 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1976 connections with Frederick County, Md., trends-and the Soviet trend is clearly up not ignore inflation where it applies to the played an important part in the f ormu­ while ours is distinctly down. If there is an defense budget, while citing it constantly as lation of his life.and his works. arms race, it is ha.rd to see that we are a crucial cause of higher outlays in every running fast, as Wohlstetter brings out. other case. Nor shoulq we cynically dismiss "This is_not to say that the United States as just the usual budget-time propaganda is now militarily inferior to the Soviet Union, those analyses showing the desheet ments primarily to allies and to other areas Roosevelt, did devise fresh pathways through as American companies do. In simple where American foreign policy and security the economic underbrush. Far from being language, these foreign countries are en­ interests were felt to be at stake. Later, idle dreamers, they wel'e pragmatic men who gaged in dumping their products on the Congressional opposition reduced arms gifts created solid ground for the needy, the poor, American market at artificially low to the vanishing point. But cash sales, es­ the disenfranchised to stand on. prices. sentially out of control, soared to levels many Despite today's problems, the Republicans Once again in this area we see the times higher than the gift shipments Con­ will have a chance to go to the voters for gress found objectionable. another mandate in 1976, but I don't think double standard. While American com­ A little over a year ago, under the Nelson they'll get it. The Democrats have an excel­ panies are prohibited from such practices Amendment , the Congress asserted the right lent chance to regain the White House. The in this country and in foreign countries, of prior review and veto over the bulk of key is party unity no split between reformers foreign countries can get away with them. American arms sales abroad, which have and regulars. If Ted Kennedy and Gene Mc­ While other countries feel free to restrict tripled since 1973. But arms sales continued Carthy had given more help to Humphrey in American products in their own lands, to rise. Congress exercised its veto power 1968, we could have beaten Nixon. I think they bitterly oppose being treated the only once, in the projected sale of Hawk either Humphrey or Muskie would be the same way in this country. It is long past anti-aircraft missilEll' to Jordan. The more strongest consensus candidates. Labor likes extensive review authority voted by the Sen­ them, and bread-and-butter issues should time that this country should put up with ate last week in the new Arms Export Control dominate the campaign. such practices which rob American work­ Act is also likely to be insufficient. When the Democratic Convention opens at ers of their jobs. A more effective way for Congress to reduce Madison Square Garden next summer, I am I urge the President to support the participation in the arms trade by the United hoping to be appointed a delegate-at-large recommendations of the International States is to impose a ceiling on export li­ from New York. If that happens, I'll be there Trade Commission. Those recommenda­ censes. The version of the Senate bill ap­ when the gavel comes down. There are always tions are, at least, a step in the right di­ proved last week by the House International delegates coming to me for advice, and I'll be Relations Committee would do just that. It around to give it--as I've done for 50 yea-rs. rection. would limit the yearly transfer of American­ made weapons to foreign countries to $9 bil­ lion. That figure is still far too high, but it ARMS SALES CEILING SUPPORTED is a beginning toward sanity. PROTECTING AMERICAN JOBS IN A statutory limit would force the Admin­ istration to request Congressional authoriza­ THE SPECIALTY STEEL INDUS­ tion if it wants to go above the ceiling, some­ TRY HON. DON BONKER thing that either house then could block. OF WASHINGTON Under the present law and the new Senate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bill, both houses of Congress have to pass a HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK concurrent resolution to veto any individual OF OHIO Thursday, February 26, 1976 arms contract. That is difficult to achieve, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, surely one except· in unusual circumstances. But with an overall ceiling, this capability might Thursday, February 26, 1976 of the more important components of prove sufficient. the House bill on security assistance that Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, since At present, Congress must act withii:1 we will be taking up shortly concerns twenty days to veto an arms sale. The Sen­ first being elected to Congress I have the matter of arms sales. The House ate's new bill would extend Congress's veto sought to protect basic American in­ Committee on International Relations, power, hitherto limited to government-to­ terest.s. One of the most basic is Ameri­ of which I am a member, has recom- · government transactions, to commercial arms can jobs. mended extending the Nelson amend­ sales, which reportedly have tripled to $2 A number of American industries have ment-which permits disapproval by billion in the past year as a result o! efforts seen their domestic markets shlink be­ concurrent resolution of certain pro­ to avoid Congressional review. It would per­ cause of foreign imports. The result has mit Congress, as well as the President, to posed arms sales-so as to cover all arms veto the resale of American arms to third been a loss to American workers and sales. Reporting requirements would be countries by the original recipients. And it business. tightened and broadened. But above all, may impede bribery in weapons deals abroad In particular, the specialty steel indus­ the House bill would set a ceiling on the by requiring all gifts, fees and commissions try has been hard hit on a double front. total amount of arms sales that our Gov­ paid in connection with overseas weapons Last fall liberals in the Congress once ernment or commercial concerns may sales to be reported to the State Department again attempted to reimpose the ban on transact. and Congress. Rhodesian chrome which is used in the I am proud to have cosponsored this All these reforms are badly needed, and manufacture of American specialty so is the ceiling voted by the House com­ measure during committee markup. Un­ mittee. steels. We were successful in fighting off fortunately, arms sales could still amount this attempt. to an exorbitant $9 billion-last year's If it had been successful, this country level-but it would certainly be an im­ NATIONAL FFA WEEK would have become dependent on Soviet provement, and hopefully just a first chrome at higher prices. The result step. would have been less American jobs­ I want to commend to the attention of right here in our own 17th Congressional my colleagues an editorial in yesterday's HON. EDWARD MF.ZVINSKY District in such places as Mansfield and New York Times supporting this posi­ OF IOWA Coshocton. As I previously stated, the tion: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American specialty steelworker has also CUTTING ARMS SALES Thursday, February 26, 1976 been under attack from unfair foreign The shameful expansion of American arms Mr. MEZVINSKY. Mr. Speaker, this competition. In the words of the U.S. In­ sales a.broad from less than $1 billion in ternational Trade Commission's report, 1970 to an estimated $12 billion in the fiscal week has been chosen National Future foreign imports were "a substantial cause year ending next June raises political and Farmers of America Week. This is an al­ of serious injury to the domestic indus­ moral issues neither the Administration nor together fitting tribute for a fine orga­ try." the Congress can ignore. nization. What is happening is all too painfully The United States has become the muni­ FFA members learn by doing-whether clear. The American specialty steel in­ tions king of the world, selling to virtually it is practical work experience, competi­ dustry has been faced with high unem­ all non-Communist buyers. With profits and tive livestock judging, or learning how to the balance of payments the chief guide, the take a leadership role in the community. ployment. At least part of the blame can United States now sells more arms abroad be placed at foreign producers. than all other countries combined. It also They perform all the tasks that they can -Foreign countries have exported their has become a major supplier of beth sides expect as farmers in an increasingly so­ unemployment to this country. It is es­ in both of the Mideast's dangerous arms phisticated agricultural environment. timated that more than 70 percent of the races-that between the Arabs and Israelis Iowa's program has been outstanding, Feb1·iw/ry 26, 1976 EX'I:ENSIONS OF REMARKS 4697 a fact that is underscored by its growth. proper the payments to representatives" more than two years ago with the hope and Now in its 48th year, Iowa FFA mem­ is ignored. expectation that Soviet officials would allow Grumman did use brokers in arrangh1g him to follow her to Jerusalem. bership has surpassed 13,000. I remember also the beautiful 72 year old I commend the FFA and their con­ the sales of F-14's to Iran. These were mother-in-law of Vladimir Slepak. I had met tribution to the goals of their theme-a proper arrangements and similar to ar­ this dear lady in Israel in August, 1975. She future for America. rangements the company made else­ came sick and alone to Israel leaving her where in the world. It is a form of com­ married children in their native Russia, mission agreement that most Long Is­ whose government has consistently denied landers would recognize as similar to them the right to emigrate. This valiant SENATOR CHURCH SAYS HE IS paying a broker's commission on the sale woman's plea to the Brussels conference for ABOUT TO ANNOUNCE HIS CANDI­ the relief of her children reminded some ob­ of a house. servers of Rachel and caused almost every DACY FOR PRESIDENT The result of the publicity could be the listener to shed tears. cancellation of contracts, the loss of hun­ I remember the dynamic Stanley H. Lowell, dreds of millions of dollars to Grumman, the Chairman of the U.S. National Confer­ HON. JOHN W. WYDLER the loss of thousands of jobs on Long ence on Soviet Jewry, speaking to the 400 OF NEW YORK Island and a disaster for the Long Island American delegates on the first mornlng of economy. the conference, reminding them that it was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the First Brussels Conference precisely five Thursday, February 26, 1976 All so that FRANK CHURCH can run for years ago that was the direct and to some President? Would not the better way be extent the exclusive reason why 115,000 So­ Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, Senator to tun1 over any evidence of wrong-doing viet Jews have been able to emigrate from FRANK CHURCH says he is about to an­ to the Attorney General for prosecution? Russia since that time. nounce his candidacy for Democratic Or informing the Defense Department to One could go on enumerating all of the candidate for President. There are so recover any funds that were improperly dramatic, moving and unforgettable scenes many such potential candidates that he paid? Perhaps, but that apparently is not and experiences of Brussels II. But the is lost in the crowd. Many of these poten­ the stuff on which Presidential cam­ presence of some 40 Christians at Brussels II tials are Senators, but CHURCH alone should not be omitted. At Brussels I, a del1b­ paigns are based. e1·ate decision was taken to make that gather­ seems to be basing his candidacy on his An appropriate cartoon for this Bi­ ing an all-Jewish meeting. The Christians unrelenting, headline-seeking investiga­ centennial Year would be Senator who were invited to Bn1ssels II composed tion of our country's CIA and other se­ CHURCH banging Uncle Sam over the and issued a statement of solidarity and sup­ curity agencies and his destructive ex­ head with a hammer marked "Senate port which reinforced the compelling state­ posure of American business interests Committee" and the caption being Uncle ment made by the 1500 delegates on the last ·overseas. Sam saying: "I wonder why I don't feel day of the conference. One can hope that It is true that not much of this im­ the Christian presence at Brussels II is a so good?" foreshadowing of another more intense Chris­ presses the public unless it makes a daily tian-Jewish involvement in Soviet Jewry. headline. Otherwise, it is quickly forgot­ I would like to report on the three issues ten. But the effects of this could have SECOND WORLD CONFERENCE ON that dominated Brussels II-(1) the success dramatic effects on our economy-not SOVIET JEWRY which the conference has already had. (2) only on our Nation's economic health in the implLcations of the Helsinki agreemeu-t general, but on the loss of thousands of of August 1, 1975, signed by Russia, the jobs on Long Island and the destruction HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN United States and 33 other nations, and (3) of our aerospace business. the future of the Jackson-Vanik Amendment OF :MASSACHUSETTS as a technique to accelerate the emigrat!.on The Church committee, having bruised of Russian Jews. and battered the intelligence community, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has turned to attack the business com­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 BRUSSELS II IS ALREADY A SUCCESS munity and it.s overseas operations. On February 20, the day after Brussels II Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I was hon­ ended, the Soviet Union published a 4,000- In the manner in which it has operated ored to be a participant in the Second word article in the Communist paper, Pr.avda, in pointing out payments made by U.S. World Conference on Soviet Jewry held seeking to J stify the Kremlin's performance companies overseas, the committee has in Brussels on February 17-19. on human rights. The highly authoritative sent a number of friendly governments I would like to share with my col­ article sought to refute the charges of the reeling and will likely cause the collapse leagues some of my reflections on this Communist parties in Italy, France and Brit­ of more than one. The successor govern­ ain that the repression in the soviet Union historic gathering: is a reflection of the Marxist concept of the ments will surely be unfriendly to us. REMARKS BY ROBERT F. DRINAN Some large American companies have "dictatorship of the proletariat". As the chartered flight with 180 Ameri­ The editorial in Pravda talked about the been adversely affected and a few face cans ma.de its final approach through gray, hitherto unmentionable trials of political possible bankrupt.cy. leaden skies and landed at Brussels, the in­ dissidents and their commitment to mental The charges concern the payment of tense and immense security forces became hospitals without medical cause. money by American concerns to persons apparent to everyone. Heavily armed soldiers Pravda sought to reject all these allega­ in the countries where the American and groups of police officers surrounded the tions as slanderous and reasserted once again firms are doing business. plane and the buses waiting for its passen­ the ca.nard that 98.4 percent of those who Some of these payments are legal and gers. I felt acutely at that moment the fear asked to emigrate between 1970 and 1975 had and anger which inevitably arises in the been allowed to leave. proper. Some may not be. But the present heart of any Jew who attends an interna­ Another indication of the growing sen­ procedure of lumping the good and bad tional conference where almost certainly sitivity of the Kremlin to the charges of together is a smear on the business com­ there will be the presence or the threat of repression in the USSR can be seen in the munity that can only hurt our country. violence by Arab demonstrators or the Pales­ recent slight reduction of the cost of exit The payments made must be judged tine Liberation Orga.nJ.zation (PLO). Many visas. Another indication ls the announce­ by the laws of the country in which they reports had clrcUlated in Brussels for several ment in Moscow that 18 Western newspapers are made. If a foreign country 1·equires weeks that the PLO would have a counter­ will be available in Russia; only a token a domestic partnership, there is no rea­ conference during the dates of February 17- number of copies has as yet been reported, son for our businessmen to leave the busi­ 19 when more than 1200 Jews from 34 na­ but at lea.st Russia is conscious of the obliga­ ness to other nations. tions attended the Second World Conference tion imposed by the Helsinki agreement to on Soviet Jewry. The PLO group did not . permit freedom of access to all types of in­ We have found that we cannot force materialize but announced that they had formation. other nations to adopt our form of de­ postponed their "conference" until the Just before the Brussels conference, Rus­ mocracy, and we cannot force others to spring. sian officials granted a number of visas to abide by our business laws or customs. The participants in the Brussels confer­ Soviet Jews. One individual With whom I The classic case is Grumman. It has ence will have indelibly on their minds some spent an evening in August, 1976 in Moscow, been accused of "something" and its unforgettable vignettes of the moving events Dr. Alexander Luntz, was finally given per­ contracts with in danger of this global gathering. I recall at one sup­ mission to leave. soviet authorities undoubt­ Iran are as a per a four year old boy whose father is a edly knew that fUl'ther agitation about result. The fact that it has :flatly stated Russian refusenik and whose mother came Dr. Luntz would have been made by myself that "all Grumman actions have been from Israel with little Jacob to plead for and others at the Brussels conference. n may legal and that a U.S. audit has found freedom for her husband, whom she left be, of course, that the KGB, whose agents 4698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Feb1"uary 26, 197d pursued Dr. Luntz relentlessly, may have rec­ The participating states agreed in the Hel­ sels is the repeal or modification of the con­ ommended his departure, since he was a sinki document to implement the provisions gressionally imposed ceiling of $300 million natural leader who brought remarkable unity of the agreement through unilateral, bilateral in credits to Russia through the Export­ and spirit to the 180 Moscow refuseniks. and multilateral action. Although no formal Import Bank. The Senate added this Steven­ The deep concern of the Kremlin over the mechanism for supervision or enforcement son-Packwood Amendment in order to give adverse impact on Russia of the publicity exists until after the next meeting of the 35 the Congress some control over the amount coming out of Brussels n prompted Soviet nations in Belgrade in 1977, each state at of subsidized trade that would be available officials to stage a press conference a few this time is free to adopt its own method of to Russia. The limitation was designed to days before Brussels opened, at which seven monitoring the implementation. support and supplement the Jackson Amend­ Soviet Jews who had journeyed to Israel pro­ I am happy to say that I am a cosponsor ment rather than to supplant it. Under­ claimed to the world that they had made a of a bill in the House of Representatives standably, the USSR looks upon the $300 mistake and were delighted to be back in (H.R. 9466) that provides for the establish­ million ceiling as a discrimination against Moscow. ment of an appropriate watchdog commit­ Russia and as an insult to a super-power. The consensus at Brussels was that these tee. When I was in Moscow in August, 1975, the seven individuals were "plants" and had in The sentiment at the Brussels conference hostility of highly-placed Russian officials to all probability emigrated to Israel with in­ was not to wait for the meeting next year in this limitation was vehement. structions by the USSR to collect informa­ Belgrade before seeking to monitor and to Brussels II ended on what appeared to tion on the unfavorable aspects of Israeli implement the provisions of the Helsinki many as an uncertain note. No specific strat­ life with a view to publicizing these after covenant. The Soviets obtained in the Hel­ egy was agreed upon by the conferees or the their planned return to Moscow. Elie Wiesel sinki document the legitimization of the e~ght sponsoring organizations. Clearly, the movingly stated at Brussels that one of the geographical boundaries of Eastern nations­ delegates at Brussels were uneasy about de­ most heinous things which a totalitarian an objective sought for many years by the tente; every unfavorable reference to detente government can do is to force Jews to tell Kremlin. But these provisions are inseparable brought enthusiastic applause. But dissatis­ mistruths about their fellow Jews. from the guarantee of the right to emigrate, faction with detente does not automatically Despite the signs, however, that Brussels . which the USSR also agreed to. It must con­ produce a more promising alternative. II has had some impact, the dim fact remains tinuously be pointed out, therefore, to the But if Brussels II ended without any great that according to the best estimates, 165,000 Soviets and to the entire world that detente, list of strategies to emancipate Soviet Jews, Soviet Jews are waiting for visas. Israel has which motivated the Western nations to the determination to bring about this objec­ extended 285,000 invitations to Russian Jews. validate the boundaries of Eastern European tive was deepened and intensified. The reduction in the number of exit 'permits countries, will be seriously jeopardized if the The finale of the World Conference on has been drastic; from 33,000 in 1973, the Soviets continue to defy the important Soviet Jewry heard these dramatic words by number was reduced to 20,000 in 1974 and to humanitarian measures to which they com­ Golda Meir: 13,000 in 1975. mitted themselves at Helsinki. "We cannot accept that teaching Hebrew is The forthcoming 25th Congress of the So­ Mr. Brezhnev, in other words, should be counter-revolutionary. We cannot accept that viet Communist Party has been reminded reminded regularly of the following state­ three million Jews have no right to have a dramatically that close to one-fourth of all ment which he made at Helsinki: theater, have no newspaper. The second of the Jews of the world reside in Russia. "We assume that all countries represented greatest power in the world-what are you The question kept recurring at Brussels why at the conference will implement the under­ gaining from this policy?" Russia, with one-sixth of the earth's surface takings reached. As regards the Soviet Union, The former Israeli Prime Minister con­ and a country of 250 million people speaking it will act precisely in this manner.'' cluded: 100 different ethnic tongues, with an economy Brussels II was a pageant, a great drama, "We just refuse to disappear. No matter that produces more coal, oil, cement, and and a spectacle for the world. But underlying how strong and brutal and ruthless the forces steel than the United States, must in the all of the drama was an exhaustive discus­ against us may ·be-here we are. Millions of 59th year of Communist rule insist that the sion in countless workshops of the several bodies broken, buried alive, burned to death. three million Soviet Jews cannot be allowed immensely important implications of the But never has anyone been able to succeed to emigrate to the unique nation of Israel. Helsinki agreement. The people of the world in breaking the spirit of our people." Soviet officials can be proud of what they will always be grateful to Brussels II because Mrs. Meir's dramatic words were echoed in hiwe achieved in Russia since November 7, almost for the first time it focused global the final declaration of Brussels II. The 1917. They have transformed the most back­ attention on the plight of Soviet Jews. The statement was a call to action as well as a ward nation in Europe to a super-power. Will world will always be grateful for Brussels II warning to all of humanity. The declaration they now understand that there is no need because it was the first worldwide conference said in part: to deny the right to emigrate to Soviet Jews which alerted humanity to the possib1lity "We call on all men and women of con­ who constitute less than one percent of the that the agreement reached by 35 nations on science, and all governments cherishing hu­ total population of the USSR? August 1, 1975 might possibly be as im­ manitarian ideals, to spealc out on behalf of THE PROMISE AND POTENTIAL OF THE HELSINKI portant as the Magna Charta or the American Jews in the USSR. We have the right and AGREEMENT Bill of Rights. duty to say to them, a generation after the holocaust, that they dare not remain silent When President Ford spoke to the world in SHOULD THE JACKSON-VANIK AMENDMENT in the face of renewed threats confronting Helsinki on August 1, 1975, he bluntly re­ BE MODIFIED? the Jewish people. History has taught that minded the Russians that "history will judge In a press · conference after a brilliant these threats imperil human rights every­ this conference not by what we say today, address to the Brussels conference, Senator where.'' but what we do tomorrow-not by the prom­ Frank Church stated that the Jackson The influence and impact of Brussels II ises we make but by the promises we keep". Amendment, designed to force increased have hardly yet begun. There ls rea.<1011 to Russia and the 34 other signatories agreed emigration by Soviet Jews, had been a mis­ hope that the Brussels conference in 1976 to "act in conformity with the purposes and take. Senator Church noted that the adverse may have dramatized those moral principles principles of . . . the universal declaration Soviet reaction to the Jackson-Vanik Amend­ from which the liberation of Soviet Jews can of human rights". That universal declaration ment had cut down on Jewish emigration. be brought about within the near future. states in Article 13-2 that "everyone has the There was, however, no unanimity on this right to leave any country, including his question at Brussels. Mr. Stanley H. Lowell, own, and return to his country". the Chairman of the U.S. National Confer­ Although it is true that the Helsinki docu­ ence on Soviet Jewry, stated in his address ESTONIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY ment is not a treaty in the formal sense, it that "there are those who say that the is, nonetheless, a solemn declaration of in­ Jackson Amendment was counter-produc­ tent in which the participating states prom­ tive". Mr. Lowell then goes on to state that: ised, for example, that they "will respect, "But the history of the last 50 years, and of HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH recognize, promote . . ." the provisions of the mankind from the beginning of recorded OF NEW JERSEY agreement. One of the last sections of the time, demonstrates that one must stand IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Helsinki declaration states, moreover, that strong to achieve results". Indeed, Senator "all the principles . . . are of primary sig­ Frank Church, himself, cited an excellent Thursday, February 26, 1976 nificance and, accordingly, they will be equal­ example where the U.S. stood firm against Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, February ly and unreservedly applied, ea.ch of them discrimination in Russia and won. In 1911, 24, 1976, was the 58th anniversary of being interpreted. taking into account the the United States abrogated a potentially others". Estonian Independence Day. Commemo­ lucrative U.S.-Russian trade accord because this At Helsinki, Leonid Brezhnev, himself, the Czarist Russian government refused to ration of event is marked by sobriety stated that the principles of the document grant visas to American Jews. for, as we know, Estonian freedom was m.ust be "made a law of international life, Any modification of the Jackson-Vanik short lived. As Americans begin their not to be breached by anyone". In a speech Amendment appears to be most unlikely at Bicentennial celebration, I urge them to in Warsaw subsequent to the signing of reflect upon the Estonian experience. the Helsinki agreement, Brezhnev criticized this time. Only a plausible alternative to the those who "pick out little bits and pieces" approach followed in the Jackson Amend­ The size of Estonia's land area is in of the Helsinki agreement which happen to ment could win the votes of the U.S. Congress. sharp contrast to the immense spirit be "ta.ctlcally convenient" to various states. One proposal put forth before and at Brus- possessed by her countrymen. Since June Feb1·uary 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4699 17, 1940, the indigenous people have con­ tral questions that he outlines about our so furmidable a threat to its survival. As i·esponse to the growth of our potential then, the military balance is deteriorating, tinued to preserve their national iden­ but the trend in large measure goes un­ tity. Courage and patience have and will enemies' defense posture simply must be noticed because the Soviets today, though withstand political oppression, economic reckoned with in the real world of today. expansion-minded, speak in lees bombastic exploitation, religious persecution, Rus­ I commend his essay to you as ab­ and threatening terms than the Nazis did. sification, and the destruction of human solutely necessary reading: The economies in the industrialized nations rights. [From Fortune Magazine, February 1'976) are now more vulnerable to external pressure Today, the area of Estonia may claim A TESTING TIME FOR Ar.rERICA than in the 1930's. The growth of economic interdependence, notably in energy supply, the highest national income per capita (By James R. Schlesinger) implies that the industrailized world can­ in the Soviet Union. Ch1istopher Wren, A specter is haunting Europe: not the not survive without imports, massive in vol­ journalist, has written, "Estonia is west­ specter of Communism evoked in these fa­ ume, from the less developed nations. These ern in its cultural and architectural tra­ mous words by Karl Marx ln 1848, but the nations are no longer under Western political ditions despite 35 years of Soviet rule." specter of Soviet hegemony. That specter control and are exhibiting increasing hos­ Enough tiibute cannot be paid to the arises from the steady expansion of the mili­ tility to the Western world and Western con­ perseverance displayed by the Estonian tary power of the Soviet state. But it remains cepts of governance. The harsh words med people. Their achievement in the face of contingent upon the faltering of American in the United Nations are but a surface purpose, as America, wounded by the inter­ manifestation of this growing Western adversity is as commendable as their nal travail and external setbacks of the last vulnerability and, at base, reflect a percep­ circumstance is tragic. As w'e call to mind decade, becomes preoccupied with its inter­ tion of growing Western powerlessness. the glorious American Revolution, let us nal problems and internal divisions. Economic difficulties, once again, afllict all not forget the sacrifice and suffering still Other margins of the Eurasian continent­ the industrialized nations-and are again endured by Estonians today. Japan, Korea, the Middle East-are similarly the principal preoccupation. Driven by the exposed to the growing reach of Soviet mili­ dramatic change in the price of oil, the un­ tary power and the psychological aura it in­ avoidable deficits incurred by oil-importing creasingly conveys. Such power may be em­ nations imply a. fundamental disequilibrium SCHLESINGER'S THOUGHTS ON ployed directly for intervention or seizure, in payments balances, placing the interna­ NATIONAL DEFENSE but is more likely to be exploited indirectly tional financial mechanism under severe to extract political, economic, or military strain. Structural problems result in unac­ concessions. To avoid such concessions, de­ ceptable rates of inflation accompanied by HON. JOHN J. LaFALCE terrence through countervailing military a level of unemployment probably incon­ power remains an indispensable require­ sistent with long-run political stabllity. Yet OF NEW YORK ment. In the area of the Persian Gulf, the the gravest danger remains a mixture of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES resources of which remain critical to the fatalism and complacency regarding this Thursday, February 26, 1976 economies of the industrialized world, the congeries of interrelated problems facing the possibilty of Soviet military preponderance Western world. Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. Speaker, I would poses not only a direct threat, but also TAKING SECURITY FOR GRANTED like to take this opportunity to call to through potential control of energy supplies, an indirect threat to the independence of For too many Americans, security-not the attention of my colleagues an impor­ only the physical security of the United tant article contributed to Fortune by the economies and the social order of the industrialized world. States and its closest allies, but also the former Secretary of Defense James R. security of the delicate web of economic rela­ Schlesinger-February 1976 issue. I The decade ahead will be a testing time for the Western democracies. The outcome tions-has come to be accepted as the order . rarely submit articles for the RECORD, but will critically depend on the role the United of nature. For more than a decade no prob­ I believe Mr. Schlesinger's commentary States assumes, on its ability to attain re­ lem of international conflict other than Viet­ and the issues he raise here warrant the newed consensus and common purpose, and nam, which was perceived as an American close attention of every Member of Con­ on its willingness to maintain a sufficient error and excess, has deeply penetrated the gress . .A1:3 Mr. Schlesinger notes, the Soviet margin of military power to preserve a mlli­ American consciousness. The Cuban missile tary balance in those sectors of the Eastern crisis, the last episode to galvanize the devote at least 15 percent of their nation­ American public, now seems remote. The al effort to defense activities while the Hemisphere vital to our security. Concern about the implications of Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 was all percentage of U.S. expenditures on de­ mmtary and political power has waxed and too readily dismissed with regard to its fense, both as a percentage of GNP and of waned in the years since 1945. It started with longer-run implications for East-West rela­ ·total Government expenditures, has been the overrunning of Eastern Europe, the coup tions. The fundamental confiicts in the declining steadily. In our efforts to trim in Czechoslovakia, and the Berlin blockade. Middle East, which resulted in the 1973 war needless spending from the Federal budg­ In that now distant epoch, however, the task and the subsequent oil embargo, are widely oet, we should pause to consider Mr. of countering Soviet power was far simpler. believed to be on the way to resolution Schlesinger's thesis that we are taking The United States a.lone possessed nearly half through a change in American tactics and of the world's productive capacity; it pos­ diplomatic stance. our national defense for granted and that Security has too widely been viewed as the day may come when we will not be sessed a monopoly of nuclear weapons; and the Soviet Union, backward and badly dam­ given. America's involvement in the external able to respond to aggression in a limited aged by World War II, had but a fraction of world, on which our amenities and satisfac­ tactical capacity, increasing the risks tions are so dependent, has appeared to be a the potential military power of the United matter of simple choice reflecting nothing that the limits of our Defense Establish­ States. The direct milita1·y threait therefore us more fundamental than our tastes or moral ment will leave only the last resort of remained manageable. The fundamental task preferences. Too little is it appreciated that was of nuclear retaliation or a policy of appease­ to stabilize the societies Western the stability we still enjoy is a reflection and ment. Europe, to revive their economies, and to legacy of past American involvement and provide the prospect of economic growth and I do not endo1·se the acquisition of mili­ ~ctive leadership. For the younger genera­ tary might for the sake of power alone. trade expansion in occupied Japan. tion in particular, security has appeared to However, the possession of power is nec­ Nonetheless, in the period of the Marshall be a matter of right, rather than something essary if its use is to be unnecessary. If plan and the formation of NATO, concern earned through continuing effort. we do not realize that, we are not ful­ remained deep. Though the problems were As with other legacies, this one is being tractable, the solution required a transfor­ consumed improvidently. Worldwide sta­ filling our responsibilities as recipients mation of previous American attitudes and bility is being eroded through the retrench­ of the public trust. We can no longer af­ a major commitment of American power. ment of American policy and power. This ford to view the U.S. defense posture in That alteration in attitude did occur. The growing instability reflects visible factors a vacuum-we must realistically appraise American commitment was made, and a re­ such as the deterioration in the military the strength of our potential opposition markable degree of stability was attained. balance, but also, more immediately, such and make some difficult decisions about THE WEST IN DISARRAY invisible factors as the altered psychologi­ whether we are devoting enough of our Yet in tha.t time Barbara Ward could write cal stance of the United States, a nation ap­ national resources to the national de­ a book entitled The West at Bay. Today, parently withdrawing from the burdens of fense. despite a widespread complacency, condUions leadership and power. .. I do not feel that Mr. Schlesinge1"s are inherently worse. The West is clearly 1n The political mechanism, as in all democ­ disarray, and within a few years could actu­ racies, remains the sensitive barometer o! the oommentary is uncontestable on every ally be at bay. Our current problems are in­ public mood. The illusion is widespread that Point. For example, his limited focus on a herently less tractable than those of the America can obtain the benefits of interna­ strictly bipolar world and his underplay­ early postwar years. tional order without paying the costs. Ameri­ ing of American economic might detract The underlying reality is that at no point cans are comforted either by a belle! that .somewhat from his analysis. But the cen- $ince the 1930's has the Western world faced t he nation's power 11as not declined or by a 4700 EX'fENSiONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1976 belief that its power can decline without un­ and idealism. Given all that the Western and regarding the prospects of detente. Histori­ toward conseq~ences. democr~tic w.orld. has . to protect, only cally the business community, focusing on These soothing notions represent a flight through the security afforded by . adequate the narrower problems of production and from re~l.ity. The external world and the military strength can we assure reasonably sales, has been inept in politics .generally, weight of responsibility unavoidably placed free play to our own aspirations. . and insensitive to the clash of .social forces­ on the United States will not disappear mere­ Disenchantment with Vietnam has led to the central feature of interest to Communist ly because the American public has become the view that errors of policy, presumed to party elites. For the Soviets the innocence of tired or has become absorbed in its domes­ be the result of excessive strength, could be Western businessmen (reflected in the gibe tic concerns. The foreign and security policies avoided _through weakness. Whatever the attributed to Lenin, that the bourgeoisie of the United States require painstaking at­ limitations of a position of strength, how­ would gladly contract to sell the rope with tention and careful thought--something ever, a position of weakness prov-ides a wholly which to hang themselves) re.mains a byword more than a post-Vietnam recoil from the unsati&factory substitute. Countless nations and a source of steady amusement. policies and posture of the last quarter cen­ in the course of history have learned to their Trade is no panacea for achieving inter­ tury. sorrow the consequences of weakness. Lord national stability. History is replete with in­ The United States today still represents Acton's dictum th:at power tends to corrupt stances of nations going to war with m,ajor the only potential counterweight to the mili­ has, to be sure, an abiding relevance for the trade partners-perhaps most prominently tary and political power of the Soviet Union. actions of individual men and of institutions. Ger.many and Russia in two world wars. The There is no one else waiting in the wings. Yet, in the larger context of the affairs of failure to fatten up the profit-and-loss state­ There will be no deus ex machina. That the nations, it is readily misapplied, for it ne­ ment through the sale. of technology to the United States alone has the power to serve glects an equally important truth. Weakness Soviets may be a loss to an individual com­ as counterweight to the Soviet Union con­ also corrupts-and can do so fatally. pany; it is not likely to be a loss to the West. tinues to be an ineluctable fact-just as it American ambivalence_ on the subject of The sale of refrigerators, soft drinks, or con­ has in the entire period since 1945. We may power is long-standing. Power must continu­ sumer goods generally will solve no political resent that fate or accept it soberly, but it ally be justified in relation to the specific problems. It is scarcely a substitute for a remains the fundamental reality of global uses to which it will be put. By contrast, So­ stable balance in the "correlation of forces." politics. viet leaders have consistently valued power The gi·avest problem for the Western world. For a great power such as the United in general, aside from specific uses, and have is without question the loss of vision, of States, refraining from action carries con­ steadily sought an increase in their nation's moral stamina, of national purpose. It is also sequences as surely as taking action. The relative power. In the Soviet Union there important, however, to examine the trend in failure of the United States to bear the re­ is keen appreciation of the relationship be­ the physical instruments of power-i.e., the sponsibility, which it a.lone can bear, would tween power and influence. It is deeply military component of the "correlation of create a void into which Soviet power would etched in party doctrine, and is evident .in forces." In the United States during the last move. And, despite the brief respite afforded the emphasis on "objective factors." For the decade, the defense effort has been cut ap­ by a period of quiescence, the longer-term Soviet leadership, the accretion of military proximately in half, on a proportional basis. problem will become intensified. Unchecked power is an indispensable element in the This declines has been reflected in every rele­ expansion of Soviet power would create a success of the Soviet state. It is reflected in vant measure-share of G.N.P., share of gov­ psychological momentum, and most nations the persistent rise in real Soviet military ex­ ernment spending, and so forth. in the Third World and, indeed, some of our penditures-at 3 or 4 percent per year. That A DRAMATIC REORDERING OF PRIORITIES erstwhile allies will prefer to be with the steady growth has continued in recent years The share of public spending that this apparent winner. despite the spirit of detente-just as it d1d nation devotes to defense, for example, is at Global realities have trust us into a role in the spirit of Geneva, the spirit of Camrp the lowest point since two years be.fore Pearl that we might have preferred to avoid. But David, the spirit of Glassboro. Nor should it Harbor. While some profess to believe that unless we are prepared gradually to withdraw be at all surp.rising that the actions of the the share-of-G.N.P. data convey little in to the Western Hemisphere and ultimately Soviets match their doctrinal views. terms of military capability, the sharp rela­ to the North American continent-to become CONFRONTATION IN ANOTHER GUISE tive decline in defense spending in the last in the process a beleaguered and mean­ In the Soviet view, detente itself is a decade points to a dramatic reorienting of spirited nation-we shall have to face tip to consequence of the growth of Soviet power, priorities. It points also to a major reduction these global realities as they are and not as which has forced the West to grant conces­ in the share of the total labor force devoted we might wish them to be. We shall be sions. Detente reflects the shift in the "cor­ to defense activities-a. reduction far too judged in the future, not on the basis of our relation of forces"-the estimate of the ob­ severe to be offset by an increase in produc­ irrelevant or petulant preferences, but rather jective factors, incorporating political and tivity. These trends are reflected in the 'data on how well we acquit ourselves in.discharg­ economic elements in addition to the military on military manpower, Army divisions, tac­ ing our unavoidable responsibilities. balance. Far from sharing the Western view tical air squadrons, and Navy ships. The destiny for this nation was shaped in of detente as gradual reconciliation, with Since fiscal year 1968, U.S. military man­ the aftermath of World War 11 by the evolu­ hope of ending the possibility of conflict, power has declined by 1.5 million men. It is tion of world politics, by the decline of the the Soviets view detente as rich with oppor­ now approximately 600,000 men below the European powers and Japan, and by our own tunities for major gains-in short, as con­ pre-Vietnam level. Indeed, it is almost 500,- decisions. It is not a destiny about which one frontation in another guise. There is little 000 men lower than during the Eisenhower C'an express much jubilation. The mood it here of a live-and-let-live attitude-with yea.rs, when the nation possessed overwhelm­ entails is markedly different from the ex­ principal emphasis on vistas of expanding ing nuclear strength and declared its reliance uberance that characterized the nineteenth­ trade and peaceful exchanges. To the con­ upon a military strategy of massive retalia­ century vision of manifest destiny. Indeed, trary, the Soviets bluntly declare that detente tion. Even during the pell-mell demobiliza­ from the standpoint of historic American requires an intensification of the ideological tion following World War II, and during aspirations it is an odd and unenviable fate. struggle. 1949-50, when Secretary of Defense Louis Yet it must be faced soberly; there is no In bilateral relations with the United Johnson was "cutting fat and not muscle" escape. States, that struggle, of course, may be covert before the Korean war, this nation main­ WEAKNESS, TOO, CAN CORRUPl' rather than overt. Elsewhere the ideological tained a higher ratio of its population under Power remains the ultimate sanction in contest is intensely pursued-vigorously so arms. dealing with potential conflict. Where power in western Europe, but even more violently Defense investment, which covers procure­ exists and is respected, it will not have to be in the support for "wars of national libera­ ·ment of new equipment, research and de­ exercised. Through power one can deter the tion" in Southeast Asia, in the Middle East, velopment, and construction, is perhaps the initiation of an unfavorable chain of events. or in Africa. On Christmas Eve, 1975, an edi­ most revealing figure. Excluding, as it does, To be sure, military power is not the only torial in Izvestia succinctly expressed the current operations and personnel compen­ form of power, but it remains an irreplace­ Soviet view: "Detente does not mean and sation, it suggests the direction for the de­ able element in the total mix of power; with­ cannot mean a freezing of the social status fense establishment in the future. In con­ out it, the disadvantageous turn in events quo . . . Support of national liberation stant dollars, defense investment has shrunk would be swift and sure. movements is one of the most important to '.less than half of the 1968 level and 35 Nations that cannot deter the Soviet principles of Soviet foreign policy." percent below the pre-Vietnam level. Union either on their own or with om· sup­ Soviet action in the political realm or in THE CARRIERS NEVER 'REACHED THE SCENE port will, of necessity, conciliate the Soviet the economic realm (the encouragement of Union by making concessions, initially at the the oil embargo in 1973-74, for example) as The strength of the Navy is perhaps t~e expense of our interests and ultimately at well as the persistent expansion of Soviet most dramatic case in point. In the face of a major expansion of Soviet naval forces, the expense of their own. To the extent that military power pose a continuing challenge which has altered the character of the naval we fail to deter the soviet Union, either to the West. Yet leadership groups in the jointly with c,thers or on our own, we shall west have not fully appreciated. the more balance, the size of the U.S. fleet has di­ suffer continuing losses, as the process of subtle challenge in tq.e absence of the bom­ minished sharply. In fiscal year 1968 th& accommodation continues. Contrary to a bast of the Khrushchev or Sta.Un periods. Navy had 976 ships. This fiscal year it will be newly fashionable view, there is no incom­ Among our leadership groups, the business down to 483 ships. The shrinkage reflecttf patibility between a strong military posture community has been particularly utopian the disappearance from the fleet of vessels February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4701 constructed during the World War II period, the Soviets outspend the United States in evaporated. Yet here again we have been in­ some thirty .years ago. It also refle.cts the dollar equivalents by about 45 pel'cent. In :fiicting damage on ourselves. We have had postponement of naval construction during this era of conjoined illusion. and skepticism, revelations not only of questionable activi­ tlle Vietnam war, and the present lack ot the hope has been expressed that such esti­ ties but also of sources and methods of intel­ shipyard capacity. Naval commitments in the mates are on the high side. To the contrary, ligence collection that it took a great invest­ Far East and in the Mediterranean have not my own experience in developing these esti­ ment of time and cost to acquire. Again we shrunk commensurately. . As a. result, the mates suggests that the procedures employed have improvidently been eating into capital. smaller fleet of today ls overworked in the are highly conservative-and undobutedly The ability to use our resources wisely, attempt to maintain those commitments. The result in understatement of the Soviet effort. the ability correctly to assess the threat, in consequence has been a distr~ssing decline of For . one thing, the Soviet ·defense ministry fact, the very ability to monitor arms-control the material readiness of the fleet. receives a lot of external support. Soviet agreements is in pi:ocess of being compro­ The decay in the condition of the fleet was industry bears the cost of the massive i·e­ mised. At the very moment when we need dramatically underscored during the response serve establishment. Other ministries absorb accurate intelligence more than ever, we to the Mayag1tez incident. The thirty-one­ much of the costs of health, education, and have chosen to indulge in a destructive yea.r-old carrier Hancock, which had been housing for defense personnel-costs that orgy-endangering our own assets, compro­ opera.ting without one of its four shafts, are internal to the U.S. Department of De­ mising our relationships, and weakening the limped belatedly from Subic Bay toward the fense. Inclusion of such items would appreci­ entire intelligence effort. It has caused de­ Gulf ·Of Thailand at twenty-three knots, but ably increase the estimate of the Soviet de­ light and derision among our potential f-0es, never reachrd the scene. The helicopter car­ fense effort relative to our own. concern among our friends, and wonderment rier Okinawa, with part of its boiler plant Even more significant, however, t han the on the part of all. off the line, crept along at thirteen or four­ existing discrepancy in expenditures are the Intelligence is our nation's first line of teen knots; it also never arrived at the relative budget trends. From th~ American defense. It would seem imperative therefore scene. The escort vessel Holt, the first ship standpoint, these have been highly adverse. that we start now to rebuild a structurally at the scene, had power supply problems, While the Soviet Union has been increasing sound and operationally .secure intelligence and consequently its main battery was down its military expenditui"ss in i·eal terms at 3 establishment. the night before the engagement. Clearly, percent or more per year, the United States A PREFERENCE FOR BLINDERS this nation cannot for long tolerate the pres­ has in i·ecent years been .shrinking its ex­ The basic facts regarding the current sta­ ent readiness condition of the U.S. Navy, it penditures at approximately the same rate. tus and the comparative trends in Soviet we are to continue to rely on it for rapid re· Because the estimate for the Soviet Union and American defense efforts would seem to sponse. . is necessarily an approximation, one can be plain enough. No1ietheless, there exists a. As the American defense establishment's question the precision of the figures for. any widespread disposition to bury one's head in manpower, force structure, resources, and single year. No one, however, can validly the sand, to believe in the continuing pre­ support have dwindled, how has the Soviet challenge the overall trends or their long­ ponderance of American po.wer, to assume Union responded? By steadily expanding its term implications. A continuation of such that, irrespective· of our own actions, Amer­ forces both qualitatively and quantitatively. trends over a period of years would leave the ican military strength will remain "second Since 1960, Soviet military manpower has United States markedly inferior to the So­ to none." Why is this? grown from approximately three million men viet Union in gross mlllfary power. Undoubtedly, in the existing political cli­ to 4.4 million-more than twice the size of The United States, of course, is not alone. mate, many people really do not want to the U.S. military establishment. The Soviets Its NATO allies maintain forces far more know the facts. Acceptance that the balance devote at least 15 percent of their national potent than the forces maintained by the is indeed tipping implies difficult decisions. effort to defense activities. This is one area Soviet Union's Warsaw Pact allies. In terms It might require this nation to do something in which they have never skimped. in every of the overall balance, moreover,. the es­ that many would prefer not to do: to main­ category of military h!'l-rdware ·.except heli­ trangement between the Soviet Union and tain or enhance our military posture rather copters they are outproducing the United the People's Republic of China has probably than reduce the .defense burden. To review. States--dramatically so in the area of been the single most significant strategic the c<;>mparative statistics without blinders gJ,'ound forces equipment, in which the re­ development of the last decade. It has meant runs a.gainsit tlle grain of the prevailing com­ tios run about six to one. Even leaving aside that the worldwide military balance has not pulsion to cut defense spending and to ig­ the massive Soviet reserve structure, the So­ yet been upset. But it has made the Western nore the implications. viet combat ground forces outnumber those position dependent upon continuing Soviet­ Does the tipping of the military balance of the United States by roughly three and a Chinese tensions. At the same time, the ap­ matter at all? In the age of detente, can we half to one. parent American weakness since the fall of not rely upon Soviet goodwill and forbear­ The United States continues to have a sig­ Vietnam has made the Chinese increasingly ance? Such questions provide the ultimate nlfi.cant qualitative edge in tactical air. Yet wary of dependence on the United States, rationalization for allowing th& military bal­ in recent years the Soviets have begun to for they quite naturally value us only as a ance to deteriorate fm·ther. The answer re­ deploy newer types of aircraft such as the reliable counterweight. We have lately seen lates once again to the inescapable element Flogger, Foxbat, Fencer, and Backfire in sub­ the first tentative signs of a possible Chinese in the current structure of world power. The stantial numbers. By the end of the decade reconcmation with the Soviet Union. The United States remains the indispensable their tactical-air order of battle will be an irony is that undue American reliance on the counterweight to Soviet mllitary prepon­ impressive one. In fighter aircraft, produc­ China connection reduces its. value to the derance in the Eastern Hemisphere. Without tion rates exceed those for the U.S. Air Force Chinese and so increases the likelihood of its the strength and support of the United by a factor of four. (The USAF this year pro­ weakening. States, no combination of nations can pro­ cured a total of 181 aircraft of all types: at EATING INTO CAPITAL vide the requisite military power to with­ that rate it would be unable to maintain a The shifting of the military balance and stand Soviet political and military pressures. modernized fighter inventory.) In addition Even the nations of Western Europe are but the Soviets have been upgrading their airlift the implications of the adverse trends are increasingly clear to other nations, i:t' not a collection.of small and medium-size states capabilities as part of a dramatic improve­ that require the help of American power to ment of their mobility forces, which in the to ourselves. The policy inferences should be obvious. There should be no further attrition serve as both the backbone and the adhe­ future will be able to intervene well beyond sive -of the Alliance. By themselves they can­ the boundaries of the Soviet Union-in areas of the U.S. force structure and readiness pos­ ture. We should be prepared to increase the not counter the full weight of the Soviet such as the Middle East. superpower. Since 1965 the character of the Soviet Navy real program value of our defense effort by 2 or 3 percent per year, and to maintain, But to sustain the margin lands of the has been altered in significant ways. Previ­ Eura,sian continent--in Ew·ope, the Middle ously it had been designed primarily as a approximately, the share of .national output going to defense. In the longer term, policy East, a;nd Northeast Asia,-the United States coastal defense and interdiction force. Now, must be able to operate over distances of with the introduction of more cap~ble classes · should be governed both by future Soviet actions and by the course of Sino-Soviet re­ many thousands of miles and close to t he of ships, it. has become a formidable blue­ sources of Soviet power. If one views the map water navy challenging that of the United lations. Currently the United States operates on a from the perspective of a plan11er in the States. Soviet fleets operate increasingly in Kremlin, it will convey how fragile the mili­ the Indian Ocean, have begun to edge out the narrower and narrower mllitary margin. With the alteration in the m111tary balance, the tary balance can become on the margins of United States in the seas around Japan, and the }i!Urasia.n continent. in certain respects have become a match for latitude for error has dwindled. As the United States devotes less and less to defense rela­ As the military balance tips more directly tile U.S. Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean, towa.i·d the Soviet Union, its neighbors will formerly an American lake. tive to the other superpower, there is in-. creased need for accurate information both increasingly recognize the imbalance <>f TitOUBLING BUDGET TRENDS to assess the nature of the mllitary capabili­ power and some will become m<>re willing to .According to intelligence estimates, the ties arrayed against us and to avoid the mis­ acquiesce in demands or to o1fer conce661ons. Soviets now outspend the United States ln use of our own resources. It should be obvi­ Deterrence ha.s thus been weakened. The virtually all major categories of defense RC­ ous that the value of intelligence has in­ gradual disappearance of American strategic tlvlty. In the aggregate, the CIA estimates, creased as our preponderance of power has nuclear superiority has already reduced the 4702 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1976 inhibiting influence on Soviet policy those strength, Western civilization will not sur­ examined the Lesko Study and analyzed the forces provided. The unavoidable corollary, vive. formula used to estimate the current illegal if an adequate deterrent posture is to be Mexican alien population of the United maintained, is increased reliance on the other, States. In our opinion the estimates of. the nonstrategic components of the force struc­ IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZA• current illegal alien population shown in the ture-the so-called general-purpose forces, study are based on weak and untenable as­ mainly conventional. TION SERVICE CAUTIOUS WHEN DESCRIBING "NUMBERS OF ILLE­ sumptions, and add very little to our knowl­ Under the circumstances, further weaken­ edge of the size of the illegal alien popula­ ing of American and allied genera.I-purpose GAL ALIENS" IN OUR COUNTRY tion. forces relative to those of potential op­ The overall .estimate of 8 million for the ponents implies acceptance of a rising level illegal alien population residing in the United of risk. In addition, it also means that we HON. HERMAN BADILLO States, derived by using the Delphi prOWALL STREET JOURNAL In my State of Hawaii, where no one t1·ue sailors." culture or ethnic group constitutes a ma­ Herb Kane, a founder of the Voyaging So­ jority, the peoples of Asia and the Pa­ ciety and skipper during inter-Island train­ HON. JOHN BRADEMAS cific have combined with those of Euro­ ing cruises when the canoe was introduced OF INDIANA to the public this past summer, said yester­ pean background to form that special day, "I'm just delighted with Kawika's selec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES kind of person, the Hawaiian American. tion. He'll do a superb job. He's got a tre­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 It is therefore fitting that a Hawaiian mendous amount of deepwater sailing ex­ bicentennial event should commemorate perience." Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I be­ the beginning of our State's history. Kapahulehua grew up speaking Hawaiian lieve that Members of the House of Rep­ I refer to the voyage this year-voyage as his :first language. He moved to Niihau resentatives and Senate will read with plans to begin sometime during April­ with his family when three months old. He interest the following essay by Arthur May 30-of Hokule'a, a 60-foot double is employed by Western Airlines as a cargo Schlesinger, Jr., the distinguished Albert sales and service representative. Western has hulled canoe that will sail from Hawaii granted him a leave of absence so he can Schweitzer professor of the humanities to Tahiti, using only the ancient naviga­ participate in what is an official bicentennial at the City University of New York and tional aids of wind, wave, star, and bird. project. winner of Pulitzer Prizes in history and The canoe will be piloted by Elia K. Ka­ Kapahulehua is a long-time associate of biography. wika Kapahulehua, a fullblooded Ha­ Hawaii catamaran designer Rudy Choy, and Professor Schlesinger's article appear - waiian from the island of Niihau, with has sailed cats with Choy for more than 25 ed in the February 25, 1976 issue of the David Lyman, a part Hawaiian and years. At present, Kapahulehua is skipper of Wall Street Journal of the board of the Ale Ale Kai V catamaran on sunset din­ contributors of which he is a member. descendant of a missionary from the big ner cruises for Choy. He holds a 100-ton mas­ island of Hawaii, as his assistant. They ter's license from the Coast Guard, and is on The article follows: are now in the process of training a crew the board of directors of the Pacific Maritime REF ORM OF THE CIA? for their historic voyage. Academy as well as the Voyaging Society. (By Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.) Kokule'a is sPonsored by the Poly­ He said, "We are going to move the crew to The nation is in debt to the Church a nd nesian Voyaging Society. This is a non­ Molokai in March for extensive training, plus Pike Committees for forcing the administra­ profit group, formed in our State of Ha­ isolating everyone in order to get used to the tion to come up with a reorganization of the waii for the sole purpose of proving that food to be used on the trip." national intelligence business. The White Lyman, relief skipper, was graduated from House has known about the CIA abuses for a more than 1,000 years ago, the Poly­ Punahou and the California Maritime Acad­ nesian ancestors of today's Hawaiians very long time. Anot her sort of President emy. He holds a Coast Guard license as mas­ would have proposed remedial action many deliberately chose to sail across unknown ter for vessels of any tonnage, any ocean. months ago. Had Mr. Ford done so, he could waters to find new land. In addition to have averted the frustration that came to not using any mgdcrn instruments, the pervade the congressional hearings. It was Hokule'a crew will subsist only on the this frustration that led some of the con­ same provisions for the sea, roots, fruits, HOUSE DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP gressional side to turn to leaks as a means nuts, fish, and water-filled gourds as did COSPONSORS KENNEDY-CORMAN of creating pressure for reform. But Mr. their Polynesian forebears. HEALTH SECURITY ACT Ford chose to delay. For all we know, he Mr. Speaker, I think my colleagues will might never have done anything at all with­ agree with me that this is a most excit­ out the committees barking at his heels. HON. JAMES C. CORMAN The President's proposals, though belated, ing Bicentennial event. It will not only are considered and deserve a careful hear­ prove--and disprove--many scientific OF CALIFORNIA ing. He was emphatic-and rightly so--about theories regarding Polynesian naviga­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the importance of the intelligence commun­ tion, but will also perpetuate the spirit of Thursday, February 26, 1976 ity. Of course we mu.st have something like '76 as displayed by those American-and the CIA, with capability for covert political Polynesians-who dared to challenge Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am very (but not paramilitary) action as well as .for tne unknown. pleased to announce that House Majority intelligence collection. He was less emph1:1.tlc 4704 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1976 about the w'°y the agency has misused its Operations Advisory Group. The new group, predecessors. If Mr. Ford wants to define power. perhaps because he thinks enoug~ like the. old, will consist of overworked and new crimes, he would be better advised to re­ has been made of this elsewhere. perhaps be· harried officials whose primary responsibil­ quest a law making it a crime when an cause he does not feel all that strongly a.bout ities mainly lie elsewhere. One hopes rather official authorizes a covert operation in vio­ it himself. Indeed, he plainly displays a. good wanly that the formalization of the process lation of the procedures set forth in his deal more indignation about congressional may induce them to take these decisions .executive order. Nor, so far as I can see, is leaks than about CIA abuses. This may not more seriously than they have done in the there any provision to strengthen the inspec­ be the best mood in which to approach the past. One hopes too that the CIA wm submit tor-general system that has performed so problem. Surely any dispassionate observer all covert operations to the new group. It has lamentably in the past. Nor does the Ford is bound to conclude that the. abuses hav.e not bothered to do so in the past. plan do much to make government safe for harmed the Republic considerably more than Then there will be the three outside wise whistle-blowers. the leaks. men. The Intelligence Oversight Board, one Moreover, the President totally ignores the The problem of oversight must be con­ gathers, will not be a fulltime job but will most effective way of bringing the CIA unde1• sidered in three levels. One level is con­ meet periodically to review control mechan­ control. That is, of course, to cut its budget. gressional oversight. Here Mr. Ford wisely isms and to receive reports from inspectors­ For the obvious fact is that the intelligence recommends a single oversight committee, general. The basic idea here is sound, but it community has far too much money. One thereby agreeing with Sen. Church rather loses credibility when it is exclusively a pres­ consequence of having too much money is than with Sen. Tower of his own party. But idential instrument. It would be a far, far the temptation to rush into bizarre and prof­ he insists on the right to control the over­ better idea if it had a statutory base and if ligate projects, like Howard Hughes and the sight committee's use of classified infor­ the statute required bipartisan representa­ Glomar. Another consequence is a lot of peo­ mation .•This would have the practical ef­ tion on the board and senatorial confirma­ ple sitting at a lot of desks and trying to fect of making the committee informed but tion for its members. Such a statute should justify their existence by thinking up things impotent. Sen. Church's bill (S. 2893) pro­ also, as Mr. Ford's executive order does not, to do-like, for example, dusting Castro's poses a different procedure. If the commit­ explicitly enjoin employes who think their shoes, in case he left them outside his hotel tee thinks that the national interest re­ agencies may be violating the law to carry room, with thallium salts in the expectation quires disclosure of classified information, their suspicions to the Oversight Board and that this would cause his beard to fall out the President is given 10 days to explain assure them thorough protection when they and destroy his charismatic appeal. All the do so. They would of course be rather more why he MAINE pass some laws. These laws, far from re­ . newspaper article that his agency had a re­ ducing the scope of CIA activities, would lationship with a Chicago gangster. Even IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES give the agency new power and protection. then he was given to understand that the Thursday, February 26, 1976 He spoke peculiarly in his press conference projects had been terminated, though in fact about statutes providing "judicial safe­ they were continuing. No one, within the Mr. EMERY. Mr. Speaker, I call to guards agatnst electronic surveillance and CIA or without, appears to have known at your attention an editorial by Howard mail openings"; but his legislative propos­ all times all the things the CIA was doing. Flieger in the March 1, 1976, issue of als in fact seek judicial safeguards /01' U.S. News & World Report, outlining the these things, and his executive order expands MR. BUSH'S QUALIFICATIONS CIA authority in other ways. In this connection, I must dissent from incredible fear campaign being waged Most ominous is his call for legislation those who question George Bush's qualifi­ throughout the country against H.R. to make it a crime for those with author­ cations for the CIA job. He has, in my 2966, the Child and Family Services Act. ized access to intelligence secrets to reveal judgment, the right qualifications--and I Many of my constituents, out of con­ such information improperly. This sounds mean not just his service at the UN and in cern for the welfare of their children, plausible enough on the face. However, it Peking but also his service in the House of have written me about this bill. These assumes the infallibility of the system of Representatives and even at the Republi­ people do not understand the intricacies security classification. Yet, if we know can National Committee. What the CIA of the legislative process, and are not anything, we know government's penchant needs above all is top leadership responsive for the misuse of classification to conceal to Congress and to public opinion and both remotely familiar with either the bill's not only official schemes that could hardly accustomed and committed to our demo­ contents or its sponsors. They have been survive the light of day but incompetence cratic process and constitutional order. The horribly misled and cruelly frightened by and even corruption. Think for a moment trouble with professional intelligence opera­ a fanatic campaign designed to convince what Messrs. Nixon, Haldeman and Ehr­ tives-William Colby was a refreshing excep­ parents that they will surely lose influ­ lichman could have done with Mr. Ford's tion-is that their p1·0Ionged immersion in ence over their children, and that their law! Throughout American history aggrieved the isolated, self-contained, self-justifying, moral and religious standards will be government employes have felt themselves hallucinatory world of deception and secrecy dictated by the Government. morally justified in violating a system of tends to sever their links to reality. One reads secrecy invoked (as they have conscien­ with concern that Mr. Bush's new respon­ Certainly, no responsible Congressman tiously believed) by government against the sibilities will leave the day-to-day manage­ would ever support such a bill if it ex­ national interest. In many of these instances ment of the agency in the hands of his deputy isted. The point is, it does not. history has vindicated those who thought director. I trust that this does not mean the There are many reasons why I could that Congress and the people ought to know recapture of operational control by the pro­ not support the Child and Family Serv­ what their government was doing. fessionals. ices Act in its present form-the expense The only excuse for Mr. Ford's proposal In sum, this does not appear a very im­ is simply too great for this Congress to would be a dil·e and desperate state of na­ pressive plan of reform. Would Mr. Ford's fund. However, I am appalled at the tional emergency. Yet we went through changes have in fact prevented the abuses many untruths that have been circulated the Civil War and two world wars without the Church and Pike Committees have so about this bill. I believe that legislative such a law. No disaster resulted. If we did usefully put on the record? The answer is decisions must be based on facts and not not need it in those infinitely more danger­ probably not. A Nixon Intelligence Over­ on hysteria. ous times, we certainly do not need it now. sight Board might well have facilitated the The editorial follows: A second level of oversight is within the Watergate cover-up. No penalty is proposed Executive Branch. Here Mr. Ford proposes for those who ignore the clearance process, FALSE ALARM to formalize and tighten the process by as it was so flagrantly ignored in the past; (By Howard Flieger) which covert operations are authorized, re­ the assassination projects, for example, never Every now and then a reader writes us in placing the old Forty committee by a new came up before the Forty Committee or its words of terror to warn that a Marxist plot Februa1''Y 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4705 is afoot in Congress to "nationalize" our FULL EMPLOYMENT AND THE ·them the notice, esteem and applause of children-take them a.way from the protec­ REDUCTION OF CRIME their peers. Others rip off society to punish tion or control of their parents and destroy it for bypassing or excluding them. And, the American family, utterly and forever. many are just trying to survive. The volume of mail received here is not a The issue is not one of supporting or patch on the sacks of it that have been HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL approving such activities, but rather one of hitting some congressional offices. OF NEW YORK dealing with reality of fact. If we are to solve The writers are alarmed over what they've our current problem of rising crime, we will been informed is an insidious scheme to give IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have to find a solution to the increasing youngsters the legal right to disobey their Thursday, February 26, 1976 poverty that is a structural feature of our parents, and thus become pawns of Govern­ economy. ment-an all-powerful Big Brother to mold Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I am We must confront the issues directly and their training, conduct and beliefs. pleased to share with my colleagues an coherently and beware of analyses that offer Strange. article that appeared in the Boston Globe simplistic solutions. One such analysis is that It is strange because there isn't a word of on January 3, 1976, that deals with the increases in crime indicate the police are t ruth in it. No such legislation is before this correlation between unemployment and not doing their job. The fact is that the more Congress, or ever has been. crime. The author Paul Parks-who is people decide to break the law, the less The specific bill that has so many people effective the police become. If the number of disturbed is "The Child and Family Services the secretary of educational affairs in crimes per police officer rises, the apprehen­ Act of 1975." Its authors are Sen. Walter Massachusetts-does a fine job of de­ sion and deterrence rate falls. Mondale (Dem.) , of Minnesota, and Rep. scribing the phenomenom of a rising The problem we face is an economic and John B:-ademas (Dem.), of Indiana. It is crime rate which is caused by our pres­ social one and its solution is dependent on "S. 626" in the Senate, "H.R. 2966" in t he ent economic condition. changing the chronic inequities that are at House. Read it before you panic. Mr. Parks points out the need for a the root of our present economic conditions. In its present form, the legislation is both Government policy that embraces full The tap root is current employment policy. innocent and impotent: innocent because it There is no economic or social solution with­ would do none of the things attributed to it; employment. As you know, I am a co­ out full employment. Those who would think impotent because it isn't going anywhere. sponsor of H.R. ~O the full employment otherwise ignore the reality that the mah).­ Briefly stated, the proposal is to make bill which would provide a job for every tenance and stability of our democratic so­ federal funds available to help States and American willing and able to work. I be­ ciety depend on the progressive elimination communities provide certain public services lieve that this is the kind of legislation of the forces that make for a permanent for children and their families. that Mr. Parks is calling for. Full em­ population of have-nots. These would include such things as pre­ ployment is the key to a reduction in our Realization of a full employment policy natal care, food where needed, part or full­ does not obviate the necessity to pursue time day care for children of working Nation's crime rate. vigorously the reduction of crime. We have a mothers, tutoring a.t home where deemed I commend Mr. Park's article to the responsibility to secure a safe environment useful, medical examination and treatment attention of all my colleagues: for all. But we must remember that a society for certain handicapped children, and FuLL EMPLOYMENT POLICY VITAL TO that allows the numbers of have-nots to training for parents and about-to-be-par­ REDUCTION IN CRIME approximate the numbers of haves has al­ ents. (By Paul Parks) ready sown the seeds of destructive individual There is nothing compulsory about the behavior and ultimate revolution. legislation now before the Congress. Even if "Things aren't bad; they are worse than No one will long work and do without in the bill were enacted, anyone who felt like it bad." order to allow others to enjoy the good of could ignore each and all of its provisions. This often-heard remark raises further society. The imperative is to provide equal Nothing in it says-or implies-that questions. Why is the crime rate rising at access and means to enjoy society's goods youngsters have a legal right to disobey their such a dramatic pace? Why is unemploy­ and services to all people. Not to do this is parents or guardians. ment escalating so rapidly? What is the to say we believe in self destruction. Nowhere does it forbid parental guidance, cause of the inflation we all feel? advice or preference in religious training. While I don't have a simple solution to the The subject isn't mentioned. rising crime rate, I feel there is a relation­ ship between it and spiraling inflation and In fact, it says in specific words: V. 0. FIGGE "Nothing in this a.ct shall be construed unemployment. or applied in such manner as to infringe We live in a. society which, as a matte1· of upon or usurp the moral and legal rights practice, equates the worth and value of a HON. EDWARD MEZVINSKY and responsibilities of parents." person with the "things" that he or she has So why a.U the excitement? It is puzzling acquired. Those who do not have the com­ OF IOWA to Senator Mondale, one of the chief spon­ modities and services that give status are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES made to feel valueless. The feeling of value­ sors, who says the measure "is being sub­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 ject ed to one of the most distorted and dis­ lessness spreads and rises as more people, out honest attacks I have witnessed in my 15 of work or left with shrinking real income, Mr. MEZVINSKY. Mr. Speaker, V. 0. years of public service." find that the "things" that they need and Figge is almost an institution in eastern There is another practical thing to keep wish to acquire are out of their reach. We are now in the throes of a recession Iowa. The president of one of the largest in mind about The Child and Family Serv­ banks in the area, he is considered by ice Act: It would cost a lot of money. Esti­ that may mask the real structural problem. mates are that an initial annual expense of For it is the upper middle and upper income many to be a financial wizard. 150 million dollars would grow to almost 2 groups that will rise to the surface, if and I respect V. O. Figge's opinion on any billion by the third year of operation. when the current recession eases. The poor issue, whether I agree or not, and when This present Congress is in no mood to and lower-middle to middle income groups he talks about fiscal responsibility, I will rise much more slowly, if at all. The think it is worth sharing with my col­ add such a burden on taxpayers who al­ effect will be that significant numbers of ready are making angry noises a.bout waste people who historically have had goods and leagues in the Congress. I have excepted a~1d t he high cost of Government. Since this services within easy reach will find them in­ the following remarks from what I con­ is election year, t he measure probaibly has creasingly impossible to acquire. sider to be a rather unique annual state­ less chance now t han a year ago, when it Black people, who had briefly begun to ment to his stockholders: was introduced---and that means practically make economic progress during the late 1950s This country cannot afford to provide all none. and the 1960s, wm continue to slide back into things for all people, either at home or Also, remember the President is demanq­ poverty, anger and frustration. Many poor abroad. There must be priorities, and those ing that Congress do more to hold the line and middle income people are beginning to priorities must be adhered to. There surely on spending. It is a keystone of his cam­ ask why they should accept their economic is a limit to our ability to carry the load. paign to be against this bill, and any like it. conditions while others have all the things Politicians and statisticians are suggest­ So everybody can stand at ease. they dream of having. Their judgment is that ing that inflation is being brought under The bill doesn't provide all those wild there is no justification for such deprivation control. Perhaps as a direct result of the current recession, there has been some easing things the letter-writers fear. It has no and consequently no reason to support or in its impact for the moment, but, to prove realistic chance of adoption. And even acquiesce in the system that condones their should it overcome its rating as one of the that it is still with us, all the average in­ deprivation. dividual has to do is to check the everyday longest shots in history and somehow be The phenomenon of a rising crime rate living costs for himself and his family­ enacted by Congress, it would be vetoed rests in part on just such judgments. Young­ clothing, food, and all of the necessities of almost the minute it reached the White sters, black and white, steal to acquire the life-and including, last, but not least, the House. things they feel can provide them status and cost of a respectable roof over his head. The furor is a false alarm. Forget 1t. equality. They steal things that will give There a.re basic principles in banking, and OXXII--298-Part 4 4706 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1976 there are also basic principles in the han­ organizations, agencies and individuals. On September 11, 1975, the Depart­ dling of our government's affairs, our corpo­ Perhaps the most persuasive argument ment of Defense transmitted to EPA, llll­ rate affairs, and, surely, our personal affairs that EPA has exceeded it.s authority in der the signature of George Marienthal, as well. I! there ts any straying far afield from those time tested rules or principles, drafting these propased guidelines was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense the penalty will be found to be severe. made recently by Senator JENNINGS for Environmental Quality, the follow­ RANDOLPH, my distinguished colleague ing legal analysis of EPA's authority to from West Virginia and chairman of the promulgate container guidelines: · Senate Committee on Public Works, . . . A review of the Resource Recovery Act LEGISLATION TO BLOCK IMPLE­ which drafted the Resource Recovery Act as well as a thorough investigation of (the) MENTATION OF EPA BEVERAGE of 1970. Recovery Act's legislative history, confirms the conclusion which we reached in our 6 CONTAINER GUIDELINES On January 29, 1976, Senator August memorandum-that EPA has no au­ RANDOLPH wrote EPA Administrator Rus­ thority pursuant to section 209 to promul­ sell Train. In his letter. the Senator said: gate these regulations. HON. ROBERT H. MOLLOHAN As the principal author of the Resource The basis for the conclusion of the above OF WEST VIRGINIA Recovery Act of 1970, I reemphasize that the referenced memorandum was an analysis ... management authority provided in Section which focused on the key words in section IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 209 was never intended to encompass such 209 which described the regulations which Thursday, February 26, 1976 guidelines. While agency lawyers interpreting it authorized to promulgate, viz. "guidelines the statute find the authority in their analy­ for solid waste recovery, collection, separa­ Mr. MOLLOHAN. Mr. Speaker, on sis of its words, I stress that such an inter­ tion and disposal systems." January 29, 1976, I introduced H.R. 11616 pretation was not our intent. The analysis applied section 205, the def­ to prevent the final publication and im­ The evidence presented to the Agency, to­ inition section of the Act, to the key words. plementation of beverage container gether with your own understanding of the In so doing, it became clear that section guidelines that were printed in proposed situation demonstrates that this is indeed a 209 limited the regulations which it au­ form by the Environmental Protection far-reaching step with ramifications which go thorized EPA to promulgate to regulations Agency-EPA-on November 13, 1975. beyond the guidelines. Such a policy issue which p1·escribed some form of treatment of is therefore one which the Congress itself solid waste, that is, discarded solid materials. Mr. MCEWEN and Mr. RISENHOOVER should address. Hence, we concluded that salable items (as joined me as original cosponsors of H.R. In view of the prospect tha. t the Congress well a-s their packaging) were not regulable 11616. will consider Solid Waste-Resource Recovery under section 209. Every Member should be aware of legislation during the 2nd Session of the these proposed guidelines and what they 94th Congress and the likelihood that a Yet, despite this very thorough Depart­ represent because their short-term and container proposal will be voted on, I urge ment of Defense analysis and despite long-term ramifications pose a very you to withdraw the proposed guidelines. the fact that the chairman of the Senate genuine threat to business, labor, indus­ Public Works Committee has emphati­ Senator RANDOLPH'S contention is sup­ cally pointed out to EPA that it does not try, labor, and consumers in every part ported by the Department of Defense, of the United States. have the authority to issue these guide­ whose battery of lawyers have thoroughly lines, the Agency pushes blindly forward The short-term effect of these guide­ researched this matter in view of the lines, Mr. Speaker, is to ban the sale of with them like an uncontrolled jugger­ tremendous impact mandatory imple­ naut. beverages in nonrefillable containers in mentation of these guidelines would have all Federal facilities and installations. EPA insists that the guidelines, as on the military establishment. published in proposed form, do not rep­ And from this stepping stone could At my request, the Department of De­ evolve an attempt to to develop a na­ resent a ban on the sale of beverages in fense has estimated what it would cost nonrefillable containers. Yet, in the tionwide ban on the sale of beverages in the Department to comply: one-way cans and bottles. introduction to the proposed guidelines, The Department of Defense thru its mili­ there is this pearl of EPA contradiction: As it.s authority for drafting these tary exchanges, commissary stores, and clubs guidelines, EPA cites the Solid Waste and messes experiences appxoximately $300 Both refillable and nonrefillable containers Disposal Act of 1965-Public Law 89- million in annual beverage sales. This rep­ may be returnable. However, it is recom­ 272-as amended by the Resources Re­ resents over 95 % of all beverages sold on Fed­ mended that Federal facilities comply with covery Act of 1970-Public Law 91-512- eral facilities and less than 3 % of national the guidelines by utilizing refillable con­ beverage sales. tainers, because a system for their return is and specifically sections 209 and 211 of presently in operation and because such a the amended act. In addition, EPA cites We anticipate that, as a matter of conven­ ience, customers who have historically pur­ system is the most satisfactory means of section 211 and executive order 11752. achieving the objectives of the guidelines. as making the guidelines, upon final pub­ chased beverages on Federal property will lication, mandatory upon all Federal turn to the easily accessible and unaffected What does this mean? Simply this: commercial market. This action will not only While EPA pays lipservice to the fact agencies. do little to achieve the objectives of the Section 209(a) of Public Law 91-512 guidelines but will also have a significant that nonrefillable containers can be re­ directs the Administrator of the Envi­ impact on the sales and profits of the military turned and recycled, EPA, in its foun­ romnental Protection Agency: resale system. tain of collective wisdom, has decreed ... to recommend for appropriate agencies We have estimated the first year costs of that the best way for Federal agencies and publish in the Federal Register guide­ fully implementing the guidelines to be $30.1 to meet the proposed guidelines is not to lines for solid waste recovery, collection, million to the Department of Defense. Spe­ permit further sale of beverages in non­ separation and disposal systems. cifically this economic impact is broken down refillable containers. as follows: The Agency has tried to lowkey the Furthermore, sections 209 and 211 of [In millions] the act specify that EPA has jurisdiction Element: Cost impact of these guidelines by stresshJ.g Additional space requirements ______$5. 8 that beverage sales on Federal facilities over "solid waste recovery, collection, Additional personneL______8. l constitute only about 5 percent of the separation and disposal systems." Breakage and pilferage______3. 5 total volume of annual beverage sales. By such specific enumeration of juris­ Cooperage (initial deposit outlays)__ . 9 Thus, according to the Agency propa­ dictional areas, other areas are, by legal Profits Loss on Sales Loss ______p. 8 ganda line, the implementation of the tenet, excluded from EPA jurisdiction guidelines will have a negligible effect on under these paragraphs. EPA has not, in Total ------30. 1 canners, bottlers, distributors, brewers these sections, been given jurisdiction In. addition, an initial investment will be and others involved in producing or over generation of waste, marketing pro­ required to convert vending machines and marketing nonrefillable beverage con­ cedures, or containerization. Yet, these the associated cost of storage i·acks. This tainers. regulations, as proposed, restrict sales has been estimated at $16 million. These While this may be true, in general, and marketing procedures and contain­ increased costs and losses in profit will re­ EPA is very conveniently overlooking the erization; they exceed the authority duce by a like amount the funds available fact that in some areas, the impact on granted to EPA by the specified provi­ for welfare and recreational activities for bottlers, canners and distributors would the military. sions of the law and, thus, are neither Defense personnel, military and civilian, be quite severe, pa1·ticularly in the in accordance with the intent of Con­ will not enjoy being virtually the only Amer­ vicinity of major military installations, gress nor the letter of the law. icans subject to these rules. The adverse ef­ such as San Diego, Norfolk, Charleston, EPA's legal authority to issue these fect on morale, while unmeasurable, is in­ S.C., and so forth. guidelines has been challenged by many deed anticipated. The immediate impact of these guide- February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4707 lines is cause for genuine concern, but tionwide ban on nonrefillable containers. wonder why EPA has chosen to fight on this Bottlers, canners, steelworkers, brewers, particular battleground. of equal consideration is long-range im­ According to a variety of expert estimates, pact and implication. Quite simply, Mr. distributors, aluminum workers, glass beverage containers make up only 6 % of total Speaker, the guidelines represent the companies, military personnel, commis­ municipal solid waste-and the last count first step in the development of a nation­ saries-all of these groups, and more, done on solid waste generated by Federal wide ban on the sale of beverages in non­ are the victims of EPA's arbitrary and facilities alone showed only 3% of that was refillable containers. unjustified beverage container guide­ the beverage container pile. EPA will try to dance a semantic jig lines. And, with $300 million in beverage sales when you ask whether the Agency actu­ Therefore, I urge my colleagues to ex­ annually (through mainly commissaries, post amine this matter closely. I am hopeful exchanges and vending machines) the De­ ally supports a nationwide ban on the fense Department is presumably, says EPA, sale of nonrefillable beverage containers. that many of them will join me in chal­ 95 % of the bottle-and-can source. (In turn, But no matter how many fast shuffles the lenging EPA's unwarranted usurpation Defense Deputy Secretary William Clements Agency tries to pull, the fact remains of power by supporting H.R. 11616. has told EPA Administrator Russell Train, that EPA would like nothing better than For Member's further information, the "We in Defense do not have a significant to see the nonrefillable beverage con­ text of H.R. 11616 is printed below. Fol­ litter problem on military installations.") tainer removed from the marketplace. lowing that is a very excellent article SIDE DOOR EFFORT The proof of the pudding is in the fol­ called "EPA's Mandatory Deposit Rule: What the critics suspect is going on is that lowing statement made by EPA Deputy Tempest in a Pop Bottle," which ap­ the "bottle deposit" advocates in-and on Administrator John R. Quarles on May peared in the February 1976, issue of the outside pressuring-EPA are trying to 7, 1974, before a Senate Commerce Sub­ Government Executive. I believe my col­ "slip a fast one past the intent of Con­ committee: leagues will find it a very balanced, thor­ gress." Snorts the National Soft Drink Associ­ ation (NSDA), "Both in intent and enact­ We would ... favor the adoption on a na­ ough and disturbing overview of the is­ ment, it represents a devious and appalling tionwide scale of a mandatory deposit system sues surrounding EPA's proposed bev­ standard of Federal conduct." to eliminate differences in beverage con­ erage container guidelines: The authority EPA is acting under in pro­ tainer programs from State to State and to H.R. 11616 assure a uniform and equitable program for mulgating their guidelines ls the Solid Waste manufacturer, bottler, laborer and consumer A bill to amend the Solid Waste Disposal Act Recovery Act which, in 1970, called for EPA: alike. · to prohibit the promulgation of certain " ... in cooperation with appropriate regulations respecting beverage containers State, Federal, interstate, regional, and local My colleagues should keep in mind sold, offered for sale, or.distributed at Fed­ agencies, allowing for public comment by that "a mandatory deposit system" is eral facilities. other interested parties . . • recommend . . . just another euphemism for "ban-the­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House guidelines for solid waste recovery, collection, can" and "ban-the-bottle" legislation. of Representatives of the United States of separation and disposal systems." - America in Congress assembled, That sec­ Congress added that Federal agencies, as The detrimental economic conse­ the "largest single institutional consumer in quences of a nationwide ban on non­ tion 209(a) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 3254c(a)), relating to recom­ the Nation," should "exercise leadership" in refillable containers would truly be mended guidelines, is a.mended by adding the carrying out the law's intent. Further, Con­ something to behold. If this were to come following at the end thereof: "Notwithstand­ gress defined solid waste as "garbage, refuse to pass, we in the Congress would have to ing the preceding provisions of this subsec­ and other discarded materials." approve a special "impact aid" bill to tion, no rule or regulation (including any SHOTGUN APPROACF.( bail out communities where glass, steel final rule or regulation promulgated on the While all that seems clear enough, the and aluminum plants would be crippled basis of proposed solid waste management turmoil seems to start from EPA's interpre­ or closed down. guidelines published on November 13, 1975 tation of how far back up the consumer cycle The Department of Commerce, in a (40 Fed. Reg. 52968)) may be promulgated it can go, in its search for solid waste. In 1974 report entitled "The Impacts of Na­ under this subsection respecting the sale, of­ short, it has added to "recovery and collec­ tional Beverage Container Legislation," fering for sale, or other distribution of bev­ tion" something called "source reduction," erage containers at any property or facility i.e. cutting down on the sources of waste be­ estimates that banning nonrefillable to which section 211(a) applies; any such fore they even enter the stream of commerce. containers would cost the economy at regulation promulgated before the date of If successful in this "returnable bottle" least 82,000 jobs in the bottle and can the enactment of this sentence shall cease program, of course, EPA could conceivably manufacturing industries and in the to app~y upon such date of enactment.". go _after just about every product line in metals and fabrication industries. America. The push has not been entirely Such a ban would also require an out­ EPA'S MANDATORY DEPOSIT RULE: TEMPEST IN their own doing. (Even today, in EPA, there lay of between two and three billion dol­ A POP BOTTLE are executives who think the agency ought lars to convert plants into the sole pro­ HIGHLIGHTS to be concentrating on far more important chunks of the Nation's garbage.) duction of refillable containers. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) To many environmentalist groups, bever­ And what would we save by banning proposed guideline will require a 5-cent de­ age bottles and cans have become a symbol nonrefillable containers? A paltry $70 posit on all beer and soft drinks sold in of the "irresponsible throw-away society" million per year, according to EPA's :fig­ bottles and cans on Federal facilities. they'd like to shake. In 1974 in California, ures. That would include a doubtful $35 EPA may not have the authority to impose it; the claimed reduction in litter will be three of them (The Sierra Club, National Re­ million annual savings in litter control, minimal at best; and the alleged cost and en­ sources Defense Council, and Environmen­ $15 million annual savings in solid waste ergy savings are probably just the reverse; tal Action, Inc.) filed suit in California coui·t, management and perhaps a $20 million but they're charging ahead anyway. demanding they publish bottle-and-can annual savings in energy costs requh'ed With almost no one on their side, EPA's at­ guidelines. for production of nonrefillable contain­ tempts to impose a "forced march" may well EPA got a postponement of the district ers. earn them the "long term damage" their own com·t judge's decision by promising they On this issue, EPA is clearly venturing Deputy Administrator, John Quarles, has would. But they were, and still are, faced cautioned them to avoid. with a serious obstacle. First, nothing in the into waters not charted by Congress and Act even suggests, as both Defense and Com­ is taking it upon itself to map its own The "Returnable Beverage Container" guidelines EPA (Environmental Protection merce Departments have pointed out, that course of action. That is why I firmly be­ Agency) proposes to impose on the rest of they have authority to go after something lieve this issue must be addressed legis­ the Federal Government--and urge State and until it has actually been discarded. latively. local governments to adopt--have stirred up Secondly, the law governing EPA, itself, The bill I have introduced is forth­ a storm of protest. places limits on its ability to wheel through right and uncomplicated. It would pre­ Defense, Commerce, General Services Ad­ society, wielding its i·egulatory power in vio­ vent EPA from promulgating these ministration, Veterans Administration, Fed­ lation of the democr-atic process. Even EPA eral-employee consumers, the AFL-CIO and Deputy Administrator John Quarles said guidelines in final form. My bill also has recently: a retroactive feature that would render individual unions including steel and alumi­ num workers and glass bottle blowers and, "If this agency attempts to impose a wide the guidelines null and void should they of course, the Nation's brewers and soft drink range of forced-march changes on society be published for effect prior to passage manufacturers all have objected, many with on a strictly legal or regulatory basis, over­ of the legislation. considerable bitterness. riding in some instances general public dis­ Mr. Speaker, nearly every Member of Considering the large and mounting image approval and resistance, then the long term this body has constituents who would be problem EPA has already (see Government damage is likely to outweigh any immediate adversely affected by these proposed Executive "Free Enterprise" series, started in benefits." guidelines or by development of any na- October, 1975), many of these angry crltiCs And, of more than 1000 bills introduced 4708 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February r.!} , 1D76 in State and local legislatures since 1970 to In Vermont, retail handling charges have tration begins its review of the election restrict beer and soft drink packaging, gone up 24 cents a case; retail premium beer "bottle bills" have passed in only Oregon, prices increased an average 15 cents a six­ law, particularly its review of political Vermont and South Dakota (the la.tter to pack; and wholesale handling charges 34 action committees operated by corporate take effect in July, 1976.) cents a case to cover their additional costs­ managers, one of its goals will be to Evidently, say critics, EPA has opted to all in addition to the deposit charge. insure fairness and equal opportunity in end-run that resistance by getting Federal Moreover, in Vermont's bottle bill's first political fund raising. agencies on a returnable bottle economy, year, packaged beer sales dropped 23 % ; Ore­ As the selected figures below indicate hoping it will then spread into local com­ gon's per capita consumption of beer and the labor unions have not seemed t~ munities. Indeed, an EPA inter-office mem­ soft drinks went down even though popula­ have any difficulty in assembling enor­ orandum proposes: tion increased. Cans vil·tually disappeared mous amounts of money under the .cur­ "Another possibility is to focus on a state from Oregon retail shelves as did nearly all which has a large numbe1· of commissaries foreign beer brands. rent law. The more than $2 % million dis­ and exchanges, and which is a prime candi­ As to EPA's claim of energy savings, the seminated by organizations on this list date for returnable bottle legislation. Cali­ U.S. Brewer's Association points out "less occurred in a nonelection year. The near­ fornia is such a State." than 1h of total national energy usage goes ly $4 million on hand will, of course be "Discriminatory," Defense has snapped. into making beer and soft drink containers"· greatly increased in this election year. But the morale problem is more than that so "any energy savings would be infinites!: The table follows: . to the military. Total beer/soda drink sales mal." Adds Clements, "I am not convinced in military exchanges, commissaries, vend­ that a program directed solely at the Fed­ EXAMPLES OF UNION CONTRIBUTIONS TO PRES!DFNT IAL ing machines and clubs and messes were eral agencies will achieve any meaningful AND CONGRESSIONAL CANDIDATES LAST YEAR, AND $305 million last year. energy savings." FUNDS ON HAND AT THE BEGINNING OF 1976 Requiring a ·s-cent-a-bottle-or-can de­ Moreover, a whole range of experts contest posit, they estimate would cos·t them $68.2 EPA's building its cost and energy-saving 1975 On hand million in sales or $11.8 million in profit-­ economies on an estimated 10 times a bottle political Jan. l, and the profits from these operations are would be returned. Oregon experience, they spending 1976 used to pay for welfare and recreational point out, has been more like five or six­ programs. Moreover, military-base women's and a Commerce Department study done last United Auto Workers ______$148, 652 $978, 184 October says, without at least a seven-time Co~munications Workers of America____ 231, 315 178, 910 clubs, Boy Scout troops, etc., pick up addi­ Manne Engineers ______173, 384 273, 113 tional operating income collecting recyclable return, the whole idea is a net loss. Marine Engineers Pensioners______401, 982 78, 784 cans which probably would disappear if a EPA's proposed guidelines have attracted International Association of Machinists__ 238, 893 256, 269 "bottle regulation" were enforced. a batch of other strong objections: severe Teamsters ______53, 975 7, 394 limit on consumer· choice; Federal creation Seafarers International Union______138, 457 69, 353 EPA counters that it is not prohibiting Masters Mates & Pilots______37, 536 491, 293 the use of throw-away containers (directing of market advantages for beer-and-can com­ United Transportation Union______185, 884 411, 705 procurement practices has been ruled be­ petitors (powders, ades, etc.); sanitation United Steelworkers______71, 075 458, 225 yond its authority, anyway); only that all problems; several billion dollars in capital National Education Association______107, 699 176, 385 investment for brewers and soft-drink bot­ United Mine Workers ______5, 839 17, 486 containers must carry a deposit. That, say International ladies' Garment Workers__ 223, 926 229, 717 commissary operators, "is a specious argu­ tlers to comply if "returnables" became a Amal~amated Clothing Workers______30, 495 45, 000 ment." national standard (and the likelihood they American Federation of Teachers______6, 763 64, 566 would simply drop out of the military mar­ AFL-CIO Committee on Political Action__ 614, 116 51, 431 For one thing, they point out, when American Federation of State, County & ket if that's all the farther the guidelines Municipal Employes______50, 525 Oregon passed its bottle bill, the percent of progress). 12, 082 the market served by aluminum, steel, and LITTER TRANSFERENCE bi-metal cans dropped from 30% to 3 % • Source: Federal Election Commission. For another, closer to home, "If our cus­ Commerce even pointed out that the guide­ tomers can't buy something here at less cost lines, as currently written, don't distinguish and greater convenience than they can in between "returnable" and "reusable." The the local market, they'll go to the local result of this, they said, "would appear to be market." less litter in one place and more in another, HOMER AND MYRTLE MACY REGIS­ EPA's answer: "Our analyses show that the place where the containers are finally TER MORE THAN 6,000 PEOP~E beverages sold in refillable bottles are less discarded." · expensive to the final consumer than bever­ And, they add, "The 5-cent deposit is not ages sold in one-way containers. Therefore, explained or justified" as related in any way a shift by military exchanges towards selling to some economy involved. "Apparently HON. SAM STEIGER more refillable bottles should reduce over­ then" it was picked "merely because of its OF ARIZONA all cost to military personnel." nuisance value." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Another largely ill-considered problem, That, says Defense, is like looking at a Thursday, February 26, 1976 mountain through a microscope. For one critics say, are unattended vending ma.chines. thing, while the bottle re-used may be less How does the customer get his deposit back Mr. STEIGER of Arizona. Mr. Speaker, costly, more total bottles would have to be when he returns "the empty" to a machine that is serviced maybe once a week by a the retirement community of Sun City put in the pipeline. Reason: peaks and val­ Ariz., has one of the highest voter turn~ leys, the "fioat" in professional vernacular, delivery man coming around to refill it? At Government Executive presstime, the outs of any city in America, and much of can't be predicted day to day with any deadline for final submission of comments the credit must go to Homer and Myrtle precision. to the proposed guidelines was due. Con­ Macy, who have registered more than For another, that doesn't cover the cost cerned organizations had asked for an ex­ of building additional storage space, pay­ 6,000 persons to vote in the past 4 years. tension, including a request for public hear­ This husband-wife team achieved this ing additional personnel for hauling and ings, primarily because consumer, i·etailer security, breakage, etc.-an estimated $15 and wholesaler groups were complaining remarkable record, which I su.spect is a million-plus annually-would have to be they have had no chance to be heard. EPA world record, by simply devoting a tre­ added in to the operation. So, they say, turned them down. mendous amount of hard work to the would $22.4 million in estimated labelling task. costs-to make sure the PX was paying Mr. and Mrs. Macy donate 6 hours back a nickel only for the bottles it sold in the first place. evei·y Thursday to registering voters in (EPA, in claiming the labelling cost ELECTION IMPACT OF LARGE the Thunderbird Bank in Sun City, and could be "as low as $1 mlllion," belied its UNIONS they also register voters in their home. naivete about the can-and-bottling market When they were approaching the 6,000 by stating most returnable bottles are mark, Mr. Macy redoubled his efforts. already identified that way-which they are HON. BILL FRENZEL He went door to door for 2 weeks, work­ not.) OF MINNESOTA ing 6 to 7 hours a day, for 4 days per POOR COST BENEFITS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES week to find unregistered voters. The commissary operators' argument seems I want t.o emphasize that in Arizona, to ha.ve oeen born out in both Oregon and Thursday, February 26, 1976 a deputy voter registrar is a voluntary Vermont. Coca-Cola wholesale and consumer Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, there Js nonpaying job. A i·egistrar is required by prices 011 returnable bottle soft drinks in other "Coke" domestic subsidiary. (Port­ an excellent article on union election law to register voters of all political oi·egon are substantially higher than in any influence in the March 1, 1976, issue of parties. While Mr. and Mrs. Macy are land's wholesale price, for instance, is 30% U.S. News & World Report which in­ Republica.ns, they are totally impartial higher than the retail price Chicago con­ cludes the following table. in their voter registration activities. s\uners pay.) As the Committee on House Adminls- Mr. Macy, who is i·etired from Sears, February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4709 & my support and I am pleased to be able Yes, 8 pe1·cent; no, 90 percent; undecided, Roebuck Co., is a firm believer in the 2 percent. American system of government and citi­ to join in sponsoring it in the House. 4. In view of the shortage of oil, would you zen participation in that government by It is alarming to note the insensitivity favor an effort to increase the use of coal working in the political parties . characterizing rate increase procedures as an energy producer where possible? He is active in the Sun City Republi­ in question here. Again and again the Yes, 89 percent; no, 9 percent; undecided, can Club and has signed up more than price of electricity has gone up without 2 percent. 170 members in that organization since even perfunctory consideration for con­ 5. Do you agree that deficit spending poli~ sumers. Yet, the burden of these costs cies of the Federal Government are the major the first of the year. contributors to inflation? I want to recognize the fine work done has grown heavier, almost to an intoler­ Yes, 85 percent; no, 9 percent; undecided, by Homer and Myrtle Macy and to share able point in recent months. It is difficult 6 percent. my enthusiasm for their fine work with to even pick up and read a national paper 6. To fight inflation, would you support others. without hearing of some utility seeking substantial reductions in Federal spending or obtaining a significant rate increase. programs, even if it meant holding down Our people know they cannot cope with spending on some popular Government pro­ HEARINGS BEFORE UTILITY RATE this situation. Their utility bills remind grams? HIKES them of this truth monthly. Yet, instead Yes, 84 percent; no, 12 percent; undecided, 4 percent. of seeking greater consultation and con­ 7. Should the United States maintain a. HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI sumer input, the industry, with the aid position of military superiority in the world? from the Federal Power Commission, has Yes, 87 percent; no, 11 percent; undecided, OF NEW YORK sought to lessen public input. In this day 2 percent. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and age, such a syndrome is both inex­ 8. Do you support America's foreign aid Thursday, February 26, 1976 cusable and intolerable. People cannot program? and will not put up with such policies. It Yes, 15 percent; no, 80 percent; undecided, Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. Speaker, in the is my hope that the Congress, knowing 5 percent. past several years, utility rates have risen 9. Do you believe the Federal Government this to be a nationwide problem of serious should assume financial responsibility for and risen again all across the Nation, proportions, will act accordingly and striking with particular severity at the cities like New York whose own spending make this legislation a public law. programs have brought on bankruptcy? elderly, the unemployed and the average Yes, 12 percent; no, 83 percent; undecided, working person. In my district, tens of 5 pe1·cent. thousands of working families and people 10. Do you believe there is too much gov­ on fixed incomes have been hard hit by ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE ernment regulation of business and indus­ such price hikes for utility services. RESULTS try? What is particularly unacceptable to Yes, 62 percent; no, 33 percent; undecided, me is that often such utility price in­ 5 percent. 11. Should Government employees be given creases have been processed and put into HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG the right to strike? force without any kind of required public OF FLORIDA hearings in many jurisdictions around Yes, 12 percent; no, 83 percent; undecided, IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES 5 percent. the Nation. 12. Would you support pending legislation Usually, it is proper procedure for a Thursday, February 26, 1976 to prohibit abortions? utility to file a request for price hikes Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, Yes, 25 percent; no, 66 percent; undecided, with the appropriate agency, in this case last month I mailed questionnaires to 9 percent. the Federal Power Commission, which 13. Would you support bills which have residents of the Sixth Congressional Dis­ been introduced in Congress to prohibit or possesses authority to pass on these re­ trict of Florida. This questionnaire con­ restrict ownership of hand guns by private quests when the sales of power are inter­ tained 13 questions on subjects most of­ citizens? state by nature. Public hearings are then ten asked of me at appearances in r..-_y Yes, 43 percent; no, 53 percent; undecided, scheduled. However, in this process,· the district. Mr. Speaker, as you can see, in 4 percent. Federal Agency seems to almost always some cases the questions were very spe­ grant the price increase as requested and cific. In some others, because specifics move it along through the proper have not been established the question of LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE channels. necessity was somewhat general, but in The purpose of these public hearings either case knowing the general feelings is to discover whether or not the price of the people of my district makes me HON. ALPHONZO BELL rise is justified. It is also to allow all a far more representative Congressman. OF CALIFORNIA parties to make their arguments, pro and These questions represent an excellent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES con, in a proper forum before any deci­ sampling of some of the current issues Thursday, February 26, 1976 sion is rendered. What is actually hap­ before the Congress and also of import­ pening, then, is a series of events which ance to the American people. Mr. Speak­ Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, I recommend increasingly are making a mockery out er, more than 38,000 people responded to for the attention of my colleagues the of the concept and intent of the public my questionnaire with each question­ following resolution adopted on the 58th hearing process. In more than a few naire being individually hand-tabulated anniversary of Lithuanian independence cases around the Nation, price hikes have by volunteers working out of my district by the Lithuanian Americans of the Los gone into force before hearings have been office. Angeles area. held. Citizens of various jurisdictions I would like to share with my col­ The complete text of the resolution have found themselves in the position of leagues the responses of my constituents follows: being hit with a higher utility rate with­ to these questions. The questions and [Lithuanian American Council] out ever having had a chance to protest tabulation are as follows: RESOLUTION the company request and take full ad­ ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE We, the Lithuanian Americans of the vantage of legitimate adversary proce­ 1. Should the United States relinquish its Greater Los Angeles area, assembled this dures. treaty rights of jurisdiction and control over 15th day of February, 1976 at John Marshall Legislation has been introduced to pro­ the Panama Canal Zone: High School, 3939 Tracy Street, Los Angeles, hibit the Federal Power Commission Yes, 6 percent; no, 90 percent; undecided, California, to commemorate the restoration from granting any rate increases for 4 percent. of Lithuania's independence, do hereby state interstate sale of electricity by gener­ 2. Should secret activities of Government as follows: ating companies without first holding agencies like the CIA and FBI be made pub­ That February 16, 1976 marks the 58th public hearings. The intent of this bill is lic? anniversary of the restoration of independ­ Yes, 12 percent; no, 86 percent; undecided, ence to the 725 year old Lithuanian State, to provide all electric utility consumers 2 percent. which was won and protected by the blood an opportunity to hear and give testi­ 3. Do you agree with those Members of sacrifices of the Lithuanian people during mony before the average consumer is Congress who feel they have the right to the wars of independence of 1919-1920, and asked or required to pay higher rates. reveal cla.sslfled and top secret ·national se­ recognized by the international community This long overdue piece of legislation has curity information? of States; and 4710 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1976 That the Republic of Lithuania was Act. Much of this mail has been genel'­ In closing, letme repeat that I oppose forcibly occupied and illegally annexed by ated by an unsigned fiyer circulating the Soviet Union in 1940, in violation of all this bill. Its cost to the already overbur­ the existing treaties and the principles of throughout the country purPorting to dened taxpayer is excessive. It would international law; and outline the purposes and e1f ects of this make Uncle Sam the Nation's baby­ That subjection of peoples to alien dom­ legislation. sitter. It would allow HEW to exercise ination and exploitation constitutes a denial I am opposed to H.R. 2966. I voted control from Washington over standards of the right to self determination which is against similar legislation in 1971, and of looal child care services. It is poorly one of the fundamental human rights; and I will do so again. It places responsibili­ drawn legislation that should be defeated That such an act ls contrary to the Charter ties on the Federal Government which I of the United Nations and to the stipula­ on the basis of facts and not fiction. tions of the Helsinki agreement, and ls an do not believe are the Federal Govern­ I would commend to my colleagues a impediment to the promotion of world peace ment's responsibilities. It would make the recent article by Howard Fliege:r in and cooperation; and Federal Government responsible for vir­ March 1, 1976 issue of U.S. News & World That so many countries under foreign co­ tually all the health and nutritional Report entitled, "False Alarm!' It puts lonial domination have been given the op­ needs of the children involved in the in proper perspective the correct current portuntity to establish their own independ­ Federal day care program. It would put status and true intentions of the Child ent states, while Lithuania, having enjoyed the Federal Government increasingly and Family Sevices Act. I respectfully the blessings of freedom for centuries, ls into the baby-sitting business. now subjugated to the most brutal Russian insert this excellent article in the oppression and ls nothing but a colony of The potential cost would be virtually RECORD. Soviet empire; and unlimited. Indeed, no less an authority [From U.S. News & World Report, Mar. 1, That through the continuing efforts to than the director of the Congressional 1976} change the ethnic character of the popula­ Budget Office, Ms. Alice Rivlin, stated in FALSE ALARM tion of Lithuania and suppression of reli­ a letter to the Washington Post in 1971 gious freedom the Soviet invaders have not that the funding for such a program (By Howard Flieger) been able to suppress the aspirations of could rise to as much as $10 billion Every now and then a reader writes us in the Lithuanian people for freedom and the annually, words of terror to warn that a Marxist plot exercise of their human rights, is afoot in Congress to "nationalize" our Now, therefore, be it resolved, That we de­ Certainly, I am aware of the need to children-ta.ke them away from the protec­ mand that the Soviet Union withdraw its provide adequate child care for the chil­ tion or control of their parents and destroy military forces, administrative apparatus and dren of working mothers. I am aware of the American family, utterly and forever. the imported Russian colonists from Lith­ the fact that many mothers now on wel­ The volume of mall received here is not a uania and allow the Lithuanian people to fare would have some incentive to go to patch on the sacks of it that have been hit­ govern themselves freely; work if they knew their children were ting some congressional offices. That we demand inmmedlate release of receiving proper care and nourishment. The writers are alarmed over what they've all Lithuanians who are imprisoned for po­ been informed is an insidious scheme to give litical or religious reasons, and who for years However, I do not believe this legislation youngsters the legal right to disobey their are lingering in various Soviet jails and con­ is the solution to those problems. Cer­ parents, and thus become pawns of Govern­ centration camps or kept in psychiatric tainly, if it is a solution, it is a solution ment-an all-powerful Big Brother to mold wards; which under present financial circwn­ their training, conduct and beliefs. That in expressing our gratitude to the stances the Federal Government cannot Strange. United States Government for its firm posi­ afford to undertake. It ls strange because there isn't a word of tion of non-recognition of the Soviet occu­ If there is a Federal role in assisting truth in it. No such legislation is before this pation and annexation of Lithuania, we re­ working mothers with child care prob­ Congress, or ever has been. quest an activation of the non-recognition lems; a more constructive alternative to The specific bill that has so many people principle by stressing at every opportunity disturbed ls "The Child and Family Services the denial of freedom and national inde­ H.R. 2966 would be to allow working Act of 1975." Its authors are Sen. Walter pendence to Lithuania and the other Baltic parents a tax deduction for child day Monda.le (Dem.), of Minnesota. and Rep. countries; care a.s a legitimate business expense. In John Brademas (Dem.), of Indiana. It is That the Soviet Union, in seeking a policy that way, parents would have the free­ "S. 626" in the Senate, "H.R. 2966" 1n the of detente with the United States, shall be dom of choice in selecting child care House. Read it before you panic. requested to demonst1·ate its good faith and centers plus a :financial incentive. In its present form, the legislation is both good will by restoring freedom and national If there are to be standards for child innocent and impotent: innocent because it independence to Lithuania, Latvia and Es­ would do none of the things attributed to it; tonia.; care centers, they should be State stand­ impotent because it isn't going anywhere. That we a.re sincerely grateful to the ards rather than Federal standards. We Briefly stated, the proposal is to make fed­ House of Representatives of the United States have seen to often the hardships created eral funds available to help States and com­ for passage of a new resolution expressing a by Federal standards when individual munities provide certain public services for sense of the House relating to the status of States standards would have been more children and their fa.milies. the Baltic States, and we ask the President fiexible and dealt with the peculiar These would include such things as pre­ and Members of Congress of the United needs and problems of individual States. natal care, food where needed, part or full­ States for their support of the cause Yes, I am opposed H.R. 2966, and I time day ca.re for children of working of freedom for the Lithuanian nation; to mothers, tutoring at home where deemed That this resolution be forwarded to the will make every effort to persuade my col­ useful, medical examination and treatment President of the United States, and copies leagues to adopt a more rational ap­ for certain handicapped children, and train­ thereof to the Secretary of State to the proach to the problems this bill is sup­ ing for parents and about-to-be-parents. United States Senators and Members posedly designed to solve. However, I There is nothing compulsory about the leg­ of the House of Representatives from the cannot condone efforts by unknown op­ islation now before the Congress. Even l1 the State of California, and to the news media. ponents of this legislation to spread false bill were enacted, anyone who felt like it V. CEKANAUSKAS, information about the contents and ef­ could ignore each and all of its provisions. Chairman. fects of this bill. The unsigned circular Nothing in it says-or implies that young­ BR. DUDA, sters have a legal right to disobey their par­ Secret ar y . alleges that if this bill is passed, parents ents or guardians. will not be allowed to i·equire their chil­ Nowhere does it forbid parental guidance, dren to go to Sunday school and church advice or preference in religious training. The or to take out the garbage. There are no subject isn't mentioned. CHILD AND FAMILY SERVICES ACT such provisions as these in this bill. In fact, it says in specific words: This false and unsigned fiyer has "Nothing in this act shall be construed or applied in such ma1111er as to infringe upon HON. JAMES T. BROYHILL alarmed the citizens of my district con­ . or usurp the moral and legal rights and OF NORTH CAROLINA siderably. J;?,egretfully, they have fallen responsibilities of parents." easy prey to those utter fabrications be­ So why all the excitement? It is puzzling IN T HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cause their confidence in Government is to Senator Mondale, one of the chief sponsors, Thursday, February 26, 1976 at an alltime low. This lack of confidence who says the measure "is being subjected to one of the most distorted and dishonest at­ Mr. BROYHILL. Mr. Speaker, I am is due in part to the difficult economic tacks I have witnessed in my 15 years of sure that my colleagues have in recent times our Nation has experienced, and public service... weeks been deluged with mail from their in part to the fact that so often their There ls ap..other practical thing to keep in constituents expressing opposition to Government has promised more than it mind about The Child and Family Service H.R, 2966, the Child and Family Services had the resources to deliver. Act: It would cost a lot of money. Est imates February 26, 19'1'6 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4711 are that an initial annual expense of 150 are trained to gather comprehensive data filiate with the IUE-CIO, although we also million dollars would grow to almost 2 bil­ on the status of each child remainiing had offers of a charter from other Unions as lion by the third year of operation. well. in the court's jurisdiction for use in the Starting out in a store front, which wasn't This present Congress is in no mood to add annual review. Storage of the data in such a bm·den on taxpayers who already are even our own, Local 463 IUE began to op­ making angry noises about waste and the a computer assures complete review of erate. We had no treasury, no office equip­ high cost of Government. Since this is elec­ all cases under the courts' jurisdiction ment of our own, and I was the only full tion year, the measure probably has less when the data is asked for. time Union official. Dues were collected by chance now than a year ago, when it was In the process of reviewing each child's hand, out of which we paid our expenses and introduced-and that means practically none. situation and needs, the possible alterna­ per capita from the start, and we have been Also, remember the President is demand­ tives for permanent placement in the paying our own way ever since. ing that Congress do more to hold the line community are examined and empha­ On the occasion of this 25th Anniversary on spending. It is a keystone of his cam­ sized. This has the effect of speeding up of that victory for patriotism, we also cele­ paign to be against this bill, and any like it. brate the Bicentennial of the American So everybody can stand at ease. the movement of children from foster Revolution, and the Colonists' victory over The bill doesn't provide all those wild and institutional care to permanent home another form of foreign political tyranny. things the letter-writers fear. It has no real­ status. It also increases consideration of We fought to establish a Union based on istic chance of adoption. And even should older and impaired children for adop­ American trade union principles, with it ove1·come its rating as one of the longest tion. Finally it permits improvement of democratic rank and file control, and shots in history and somehow be enacted by a temporary placement when a child is dedicated to the economic interests of the Congress, it would be vetoed almost the workers. The extent to which we succeeded suffering. in achieving those goals, over the last quar­ minute it reached the White House. Mr. Speaker, in this era of even more The furore is a false alarm. Forget it. ter Century, can be seen in the pages that leaning on government for the resolu­ follow. They depict the highlights of the tion of social ills I speak with pride of activities in which we engaged, and in which Judge Steketee and his volunteers in we are still very much involved. Kent County and their self-help efforts Over the last 25 years we have substan­ CONCERN FOR CHILDREN IN to relieve the plight of neglected and tially improved the quality of life of our PLACEMENT Membership and their families. We believe dependent children through the concern that our record is truly one of "25 years of for children in placement project. Pioneering in Progress." It hasn't been easy. It required hard work, considerable tension HON. RICHARD F. VANDERVEEN and sometimes much sacrifice for our mem­ OF MICHIGAN bers. We don't expect that formula. for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SILVER ANNIVERSARY AND BICEN­ achievement to change much in .the years TENNIAL CELEBRATION OF LOCAL ahead. We have lived through two wars, Thursday, February 26, 1976 463, IUE, AFL-CIO survived four Recessions since 1951, and even Mr. V ANDER VEEN. Mr. Speaker, I now are suffering from the latest and worst would like to call the attention of my Recession and Unemployment since the HON. LESTE.R L. WOLFF Great Depression. colleagues to the outstanding efforts put Born in struggle, built through struggle, forth by the people of Kent County, OF NEW YORK Local 463 continues the struggle for a better Mich., in developing a project to improve IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES life for our people, our Nation and in the the care of, and planning for, children Thursday, February 26, 1976 - world. who must be placed in foster homes or I want to express my thanks to that small institutions. This project entitled "Con- . Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, during this dedicated band of pioneers who were with cern for Children in Placement" was in- . Bicentennial Anniversary of the Colon­ me 25 years ago. And thanks also to the many augurated in Kent County under the ists' victory over foreign tyranny, we all who have joined us over the years since then. leadership of juvenile court Judge John must look around to observe the same Th-e accomplishments we celebrate tonight battles lingering today. · are those all of us have achieved together. P. Steketee in 1971. Now, with the aid With pride in our past, together we look of a $200,000 grant from the Edna Mc­ Twenty-five years ago, James Trenz forward confidently to even greater progress Connell Clark Foundation, it has .been led members of the former UE Local in the future. expanded to a national program involv­ 1227 in a revolt against this formerly Fraternally, ing 12 courts under the aegis of the Na­ Communist-dominated organization. JAMES TRENZ, tional Council of Juvenile Court Judges. From the depths of rebellion has grown President. We are all aware of the thousands of Local 463 IUE-CIO, a union based upon unfortunate children in the United States Ame1·ican trade union principles. who are dependents and wards of our I was able to participate in, and speak judicial system, who, through some at the silver anniversary of the Local 463, OUR RICH HERITAGE tragic circumstance are deprived of their UE, AFL-CIO. This anniversary and Bi­ birth right, a warm secure position in centennial celebration brought to view HON. TOM HARKIN their own families. It is possible for de­ the similarities between the birth of our OF IOWA linquent, dependent, and neglected chil­ democratic country and the union's suc­ cess over tyranny. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dren to remain for many years in court­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 ordered placement, foster care, or insti­ Since its inception this new, democrat­ tutions without a judicial review of their ically run and ruled union has been Mr. HARKIN. Mr. Speaker, in this status. These children may be shuttled guided by its president, James Trenz, Bicentennial Year, we are hearing a lot . through a succession of foster homes or who was the original fighter and or­ about our Bicentennial heritage. Brian institutions never knowing a permanent, ganizer of the local. The following is Mr. Bergquist, a senior at Abraham Lincoln secure family life and to all intents and Trenz' silver anniversary message as High School in Council Bluffs, Iowa, has purposes forgotten by the society which founder and president: done one of the best jobs I have seen of set out to help them. 25 years ago I had the high privilege of explaining the importance of that rich Seeking to change this pattern Kent leading the rank and file revolution against heritage. Communist domination in the old UE, which Brian is the statewide winner in the County Juvenile Court Judge John P. resulted in the founding of Local 463 IUE­ Steketee in 1971 emphasizing two ·facets CIO. The breaking point for us was the is­ Veterans of Foreign Wars' Voice of of a child care program. The first was sue of "support for our boys in Korea," which Democracy contest, in Iowa, this year. annual judicial review of the case of each we demanded the UE Local endorse. Purged I would like to share his speech with m.v child remaining a ward of the court; the for our patriotism, my associates and I were colleagues, as he explains so well whv second was to focus on finding perma­ even barred from an appeal to the Member­ we are all proud to be Americans. nent placement for children remaining ship, thus destroying the last pretense of The text follows: trade union democracy in the UE. As a for­ in foster homes or institutions. mer Business Agent, I led the disaffiliation OUR RICH HERITAGE The annual review is accomplished by from UE Local 1227 of 1,000 workers in 20 (By Brian Bergquist) melding the technological efficiency of shops in a single dramatic operation. Deter­ Hundreds of years a.go, the first Europeans the computer with the humane insights mined to return to the mainstream of the landed on the shores of North America, after of community volunteers. The volunteers American Labor Movement, we chose to af- fleeing from religious persecution in their 4712 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Febrtt9,ry 26, 19?6 homelands. They set up towns and colonies, last for at least two hundred more. I know competing with citizens and legal resident and lived and grew together in peaceful t.hat never before has a country achieved a.liens for jobs, and generating extl'a demand harmony. They learned to love their new such heights of liberty, brotherhood, free­ for social se1·vtces. The a.liens themselves are :found freedom. and ca.me to cherish it more dom, and friendship as these United States. vulnerable to exploitation because they can­ than life itself. They formalized their com­ I know that my country will forever help not complain of substandard working condi­ mitment to freedom two hundred years ago, the less fortunate, the oppressed, and the tions without risking deportation. by creating a nation, our nation, a nation enslaved. I know that my government and of free and independent people, working our people will continue to function success­ In a concurring opinion in Brignoni. together unselfishly for the good of all fully as I grow to take my part in the Justices White and Blackmun noted the mankind. future. ineil'ectiveness of cwTent Federal efforts Looking back over these two hundred It can be summed up very simply. No to intercept the "millions of aliens who years, one quickly realizes that no specific matter where I a.m in the world, no matter enter and remain illegally in this coun­ incident shows every facet ot the American who I am with, I can think of the sta,rs way. Each is unique and shows a certain and stripes, of the men who fought and died try," and added that: aspect of America.. Also, our heritage is not for our country, of our founding fathers Perhaps the Judiciary should not strain simply an event of the past, but a continuing and their great foresight and wisdom, and to accommodate the requirement.a of the legacy for our future generations. can confidently say, I am proud of my Amer­ Fourth amendment to the needs of a system The past and the future of this great and ican heritage, and I am proud to be an which at best can demonstrate only minimal unique country are entwined in the very American. effectiveness as long as it is lawful for busi­ essence of each and every American. For ness firms and others to employ aliens who instance, our traditions are not restricted to are illegally in this country. those of a single nationality, but span the THE SUPREME COURT AND entire spectrum of customs and folklore. The Consequently, the need for legislation reason tor this is simple. America. has always ILLEGAL ALIENS to control the illegal alien problem has welcomed the immigrant with open arms, been recognized by all three branches of and as they ca.me to these shores, they Government, and I am hopeful that H.R. brought with them the smells, tastes, feel­ HON. JOSHUA EILBERG 8713 which represents a reasonable and ings, and love of freedom that has ma.de our OF PENNSYLVANIA humane approach to the problem will be country what it 1s today, a country abound­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES enacted into law during the 94th Con­ ing tn h8i)pines, variety, and success. gress. No other country in the world can claim Thursday, Febroary 26, 1976 near the success that the United States has had. Our businesses profit both the owner Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, in a de­ and the worker, something unheard o! in cision handed down yesterday, DeCanas WORLD BANK LOAN TO CHILE many. places 1n the world. Our educational against Bica, the U.S. Supreme Cow·t facWties ar& open to every child, and free. held that a State can constitutionally Their quality 1s undeniable. Our people live legislate prohibitions on the employment HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON in conditions unsurpassed in any segment of of illegal aliens. Although the decision Oi' MASSACHUSETTS the globe. They eat their fill, enjoy a good raises some question as to the desirability IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESE?-l""TATIVES life, and can go to bed safe in the knowledge of diverse State laws on the subject as Thursday, February 26~ 19'l6 that when they wake up, they will have just opposed to a uniform Federal approach as much to look forward to as they did the Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, the day before. to the illegal alien problem as contained to 8713 recent U.S. vote in the World Bank Of course, this success did not occur over­ in H.R. which has been favorably loan $33 million to Chile for the i·ehabili­ night, or Without bloodshed. Our forefathers reported by the Judiciary Committee, the designed a government that could stand the case does indicate that the State of Cali­ tation of the nation's copper industry is trials of time, that could change as the world fornia has a strong governmental inter­ the most recent indication of the con­ changed. It has lasted through sca.nda.ls and est in protecting the job security of its tinued U.S. determination to strengthen depressions, drouth and disaster, and it 18 residents. and preserve the Chilean Junta. still going strong, repairing it's fault.s, and Indeed, if we consider the record of the working to promote freedom for all. In the opinion delivered for a unani­ World Bank loans before, during, and Many Americans were Willing to fight for mous Court, Justice Brennan described after the Allende regime, we notice a very this freedom, and, although the battle was the nature of the illegal alien problem as familiar pattern. While the loans nego­ usually on foreign soil, our fathers, our follows: tiated in 1969, before the establishment brothers, and our sons were willing to give Employment of 1llegal aliens in time of their very lives so that others would have a high unemployment deprives citizens and le­ of the Allende Government, total almost cha.nee to take a deep, sweet, clean breath of gally admitted aliens of jobs; acceptance by $20 million, there are no additional Bank freedom. illegal aliens of jobs on sub-standard terms loans until the 1974 Technical Assistance Americans are also willing to sacrifice in as to wages and working conditions can seri­ Loan of $5 million. And the policy rever­ other ways. They are willing to give away ously depress wage sca.les and working con­ sal continues in 1975 with an extension food so that others may eat. They are willing ditions of citizens and legally admitt;ed of $20 million for agricultural credit. The to spend yea.rs of their lives in foreign coun­ aliens; and employment of illegal a.liens recent allocation of $33 million rein­ tries teaching illiterate farmers and peasants under such conditions can diminish the ef­ forces this substantial upswing. how to grow crops, and how to find the fectiveness of labor unions. These local prob­ better life. lems are particularly acute in California. in Certainly, the rationale that the Al­ Perhaps that is one of the greatest things light of the significant infiux into that State lende loan applications were denied be­ about America, the fa.ct that we are willing of illegal aliens from neighboring Mexico. cause Chile's economy was "not credit­ to show others how to grow crops, and how worthy" is equally applicable at pres­ to :find. the better Ufe. The Court also pointed out that the ent, when we consider the current rate Americans a.re a truly great race. We are employment of illegal aliens in Califor­ of Chilean in:fia tion in excess of 300 per­ willing to give, yet at the same time we must nia has had a deleterious effect on the cent, and thus we are led t.o the conclu­ take criticism, both from within and with­ State's economy and on the efforts of sion that political rather than economic out. That is one of the things ou:r fore­ that State to protect its "fiscal interests fathers wanted. It we can take this criticism, considerations substantially infiuence we Will never bix:ome too proud. Therefore, and lawfully resident labor force." The World Bank: decisions. we must never allow our liberty of free Court's views on the scope of this prob­ These actions reflect a similar pattern speech to be taken away from us, or harmed lem are entirely consistent with the find­ set by U.S. bilateral aid policies t.o Chile in any way. It is a gift from the pa.st, a gift ings of my Subcommittee on Immigra­ during the same period. Chile's present that is more precious each time we use it, tion, Citizenship, and International Law status as the prime recipient of U.S. eco­ tOday, tomon·ow, and on into the next cen­ as a result of 3 years of extensive hear­ nomic aid in the hemisphere stands in tury. ings on the subject. All of these things a,re part of my heritage, stark contrast to the meager aid aggre­ and all make me feel a certain deep satis­ The Supreme Court also discussed the gate provided for the Allende regime. faction. This satisfaction, however, is not a.II illegal alien problem at length in the Both records l'eveal an obvious intent to tha.t I get out of my bicentenn1a.l heritage. case of Brignoni-Ponce which was ren­ destabilize the Allende Government and I get a definite warmth and glow; a posi· dered last June. In that case, the Court to prop up the present junta. tive reaction to the pride and faith I have 1n described the magnitude of the problem I would like t.o take this opportunity America. in the following manner: to familiarize my colleagues with the I know that my country has lasted two Whatever the number, these aliens create most recent Chilean aid allocation by in­ hundred years, and am confident that it will significant economic and social problems, serting the World Bank discussion of the February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4713 loan along with commentaries offered by His visitors told him that the loan would Despite promises to ease its cruelty, it con­ Mary McGrory and Anthony Lewis on help stabilize the regime, exactly as with­ tinues to practice torture and holds thou­ holding of loans had helped to "destabilize" sands of political prisoners who have not this issue: the Allende government. The $33 million been charged with any crime. $33 MILLION LOAN FOR CHILE'S COPPER would be another step toward legitimacy and Inside the World Bank, the proposed loan INDUSTRY REHABILITATION respectability for a government which tor­ to Chile is a sensitive subject. Embarrass­ The World Bank has approved a $33 mil­ tures its own people as a matter of policy, ment is evident in some quarters. But there lion loan to assist in financing a project is committed to "up-rooting" all dissidents, is also an understandable hesitation about aimed at maintaining, rendering more effi­ outlaws political parties and forbids union having the bank apply political standards to cient and, in a few cases, slightly expanding meetings. its loans. Chile's existing capacity to process copper ore McNamara told them that the determina­ "That is dangerous territory," one ranking and by-products. tion had been made on "purely economic figure at the bank said-"ma.king loans de­ The loan will support investment subproj­ grou nds." The World Bank, by its charter, is pend on a regime's political character. On ects to be undertaken by two Government forbidden to be "political." that basis Tanzania. might not get any loans agencies, the Chilean Copper Corporation He stopped the paramount question: Why now, because the United States does not like (CODELCO), and the National Mining Com­ yes to the generals after so many noes to its Government's atttiude." pany (ENAMI). Under the project, technical Allende? The bank has followed the practice of tall{­ assistance will also be provided to strengthen McNamara related that upon Allende's ing in strictly economic terms. Its reports both agencies' management and to improve succession, he had sent a message assuring are "sanitized," in the words of the staff, to planning and policy-making to help formu­ the newly elected president that he would keep out politics. But of course the line be­ late an overall development strategy for the find no ideological hostility at the bank. In tween economics and politics is not always sector. Total investments by both CODELCO 1973, he met Allende and conferred with so clear. If those guiding the bank are and ENAMI are estimated at $76.8 million. him about a loan request that was pending. strongly antagonistic to the particular gov­ Implementation of the overall project is ex­ "It was a disarming perfo1·mance," Prof. ernment, it may be denied credit on the pected to be completed by early 1979. Falk related, "rather like what he did on ground that it is inefficient or a bad risk. The copper industry accounts for approxi­ Vietnam. He said one set of things privately World Bank lending to Chile stopped mately 75 % of the country's foreign exchange to assuage his conscience while doing an­ abruptly when Salvador Allende's left-wing earnings. Chile is currently the world's third other set of things in an institutional :role Government took office in 1970. The stated · largest producer of copper, after the United to carry out the logic of his career." reason was Mr. Allende':; failure to negotiate States and the Soviet Union, with about 12 % Allende's applications, somehow got stalled with the former owners of nationalized prop­ of world production. In 1974 Chile was the among the technocrats of the World Bank. erty, in violation of a bank requirement. But world's second largest copper exporter, slight­ They were never quite 1·ight-perhaps be­ it is also true that the United States put on ly behind Zambia, and its exports of 860,000 cause he refused to discuss the indemnifica­ heavy pressure to delay any loans to Chile. metric tons accounted for about 20 % of net tion of the US owned copper mines, which One is said to have been under consideration world copper exports. Chile's copper markets the loan will help to rehabilitate. when Mr. Allende was killed in 1973. are well diversified and about half of its ex­ The junta application, which was post­ At some point a government plainly could ports go to Japan, West Germany, the United poned twice because of a certain squeamish­ be brutal enough to affect the bank's at­ Kingdom and the United States. Decreased ness inside the bank, fared better. titude toward it, whatever the explanation. demand in the world copper market has af­ Bank apologists protested that it is unfair The bank would not lend to a Hitler, efficient fected Chilean foreign exchange income. Ex­ to say that the loan was an extension of though he might be. It has not in fact made pectations of a gradual economic recovery us policy toward Chile. No US official has any loans to Uganda since Idi Amin took over in industrial countries would help raise ever criticized the excesses of the junta, and his mass murders became known. Some copper prices from their present low levels, which the British Foreign Secretary recently would regard the behavior of the Chilean and Chile's economic position would improve called "uncivilized," and every effort has junta as of similar character. a.ccordingly. Once completed, the World been made to ease its path with loans and But the proposed loan to Chile also raises Bank-supported project is expected to raise grants. important questions in terms of the bank's "It was simply regarded as a good invest­ own lending policy. Mr. McNamara defined foreign exchange earnings to over $100 mil­ ment," says the defender. lion a year by 1980. that in a speech in Santiago in 1972, setting Allende was turned down because his econ­ out two major aims. He said the bank must Note.-Money figures are expressed in U.S. omy was in a downward spiral-a spiral, the dollar equivalents. encourage both economic growth and "more defender failed to add, that was vigorously equitable income distribution" in developing $33 MILLION FOR BRUTAL CHILE REGIME assisted by the CIA, which spent $11 mil­ countries, to improve the lot of the poorest (By Mary McGrory) lion to strangle the economic life of the first 40 percent. What counts in the end, he said, WASHINGTON.-The night before the World elected communist government in the west­ is "improvement of the individual lives of Bank sanctioned a $33 million loan to the ern hemisphere. the great masses of people." brutal government of Chile, bank president Actually, the junta has fared worse, and The World Bank staff report on the Chile Robert s. McNamara. received a visit from might have been turned down, on the merits, loan, approved by Mr. McNamara, does not eight American citizens who tried to talk in the absence of US pressure. dwell on how it may benefit lower-income him out of it. The inflation rate is double the worst of people. The report recites economic develop­ They were: Rep. Tom Harkin (D. Iowa), the Allende years. Unemployment is some­ ments since the 1973 coup, with no reference where between 18 and 24 percent. to the accompanying human realities. It Rev. Thomas Devlin, a Holy Cross priest who On Tuesday, the boa.rd of directors voted spent 16 years in Chile; Esteban Torres of the is all so dry that one expects to find a note for the $33 million, amid a record number about the trains running on time. U.A.W., Tom Quigley of the U.S. Catholic of abstentions from our West European al­ Conference, Rev. Joseph Eldridge, a Metho­ The report and a supporting memorandum lies: England, France, Holland Belgium, do make reference to economic privation in dist minister and former missionary in Chile; Italy, Portugal and Spa.in. The United States Tom Jones of Amnesty International, Jack Chile today. Industrial production is down has the largest voting block, 22.71, and car­ 22 to 25 percent from a year ago, and unem­ Conway of the American Federation of State, ried the day with the help of Japan, Canada, County and Municipal Employees, and Prof. ployment in the Santiago area is at 16.6 Latin America, Africa and India. percent. But the report argues that there Richard Falk of Princeton. The World Bank bas decreed that Chile The meeting was arranged by Conway, who is no better alternative economic policy. is just another little Latin-American coun­ "Heavy sacrifices are being required of the knew McNamara from another life. Conway, try trying to get along. That's what Allende Chilean people," the report says. But its cold often negotiated labor contracts with the tried to tell them, but he was a threat to the recital omits a fundamental truth: Priva­ then Secretary of Defense. "balance of power" that is the moral base fo? tions of the kind being suffered by Chileans It was the kind of group that McNamara US foreign policy. today can only be imposed by repression of wishes to think well of him, and he was cor­ a severe kind. dial, although not to be quoted. A LOAN FOR CHILE? In any event, it would be ha.rd to argue He explained that his son, over his objec­ (By Anthony Lewis) that such a loan to Chile under present tions, had gone to work in Chile during the WASHINGTON.-The World Bank has before circumstances would be likely to reduce in­ brief rule of Marxist Salvador Allende. He it a proposal to lend $33 million to the come disparities or help the poorest 40 per­ expressed his own antipathy to the repressive Chilean Government for investment in cop­ cent. That most conservative British weekly, junta now in charge. per-mining facilities. The bank's president, The Economist, wrote recently that the But, he said, the loan was a drop in the Robert S. McNamara, has recommended the junta's "heavy-handed" economic policy had bucket of the $1.2 billion in financial assist­ loan. It is scheduled to go before the board "brought many thousands to the brink of ance that Chile is receiving from other of directors for final approval next Tuesday. starvation." sources such as the United States and tbe Some will find it surprising that a respected It is said of judges that they must not be United Nations. The money would free $100 international institution should want to as­ blind to what all others can see, and the million in foreign exchange, enabling the sist a regime just described by the British same rule might apply to the World Bank. generals to provide food for the poor-mem­ Foreign Secretary as "uncivilized" and "bru­ A loan now, awarding a badge of respecta­ bers of that 40 percent of the deprived to tal." The military junta that governs Chile bility to the Pinochet Government, would whom McNamara has pledged allegiance. has made murder and torture its policy. come at a moment when there is some pres4 .4714 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February £6, 1976 sure for change. Members of the junta itself the viewing audience. If it has any basic core of every major candidate's economic are reportedly trying to force General Pino­ message, that would be the importance poli{)y. That's not at issue. chet out and moderate policy. Eduardo Frei, of the family as a unit; the ·need for its America's dilemma is that unemployment the Christian Democratic leader, has just is too high for anyone's good, and the nation opened an attack on the regime, and par­ members to achieve understanding is paying billions of dollars in unemploy­ ticularly on its economic policy. through communication; the concept ment benefits and in welfare benefits to peo­ In the World Bank, as elsewhere, bureau­ that the generation gap can be bridged ple who would rather be working. If these cratic momentum has its effect. Chile's Fi­ if people are willing to listen; the idea people were in jobs they could be accom­ nance Minister, Jorge Cauas, formerly headed that while, in certain circumstances it plishing things and projects for the benefits the bank's Development Research Center and may not be possible to forget, it is nec­ of all. The public works bill was one attempt has given strong support to this loan. The essary that one forgive. to reach that end. board of directors rarely withholds approval "Family" is a series which will both The bill had faults. It proposed to pay top when a loan proposal has come so far. But union scale wages to all workers on jobs it economic considerations along with others bring laughter and tears to all who watch supported. That meant fewer workers would urge that, this time, the bank think again. it. Today, when one of our greatest prob­ be able to benefit from the measure. Also, lems is the breakdown of the family the legislation's biggest employment impact unit, this series may well serve to keep would come when the jobless rate had de­ intact many families which may be on clined. "FAMILY," A NEW TELEVISION the verge of breaking up but which may But the bill's faults and the President's SERIES be afforded new insight, new tolerance, veto have in no way reduced the urgency o:f finding answers to the nagging national prob­ new incentive to live and let live-to­ lem of jobs. gether. Even White House economists' optimistic HON. THOMAS M. REES "Family" is a credit to television, to forecasts do not envision a quick end to the OF CALIFORNIA ABC, to Spelling-Goldberg Productions, nation's acute shortage of jobs--not even if IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to all who worked so diligently to make the economic recovery proves stronger than expected. The private job market simply can­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 the 6 hours of the series come alive. I, for one, hope that "Family" will be on not absorb more than 8 million seekers o:f Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, at this time the air next season and for many seasons work in a matter of months. It will take when television is under constant attack years. to come. I cannot help but believe that Now Senate Democratic leaders are said to for ills both real and imagined and par­ those of you, as well as the viewing audi­ be working on another public works bill that ticularly for programing which many ence, will share with that hope, once they think will win the President's support. consider unsuitable for family viewing, you have been privileged to see this ex­ Good. Ford owes the nation a forceful at­ may I take this opportunity to call your ceptional series. tempt to rec:J.uce unemployment. He could attention to a new television series titled start by admitting that unemployment is a "Family,'' which will be televised by the problem, and that government action is ABC Television Network beginning needed to solve it. March 9 at 10 p.m.-eastern time-for 6 PUBLIC WORKS JOB BILL successive weeks. Rarely has any television program or series of programs boasted as awesome an HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS DON'T STOP METRO NOW array of creative talents as that which OF CALIFORNIA is responsible for "Family." Its executive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. JOSE.PH L. FISHER producers, Aaron Spelling and Leonard Thursday, February 26, 1976 Goldberg, head one of the industry's OF VIRGINIA most successful production companies. Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Its producer, Mike Nichols, is acknowl­ like to submit the following editorial Thursday, February 26, 1976 printed in the Los Angeles Times on Feb­ edged to be one of the foremost producer­ Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, recently directors of stage and screen today. ruary 23, 1976, for the consideration of my colleagues in the House. The editorial the question of whether to restudy the "Family" marks his first entry into tele­ appropriate length for the Washington vision. discusses Mr. Ford's successful veto of the Public Works Employment Act and Metro subway has become a topic for The series' story consultant, Jay Pres­ public debate. As someone who has been son Allen, is considered by many to be calls on the President to admit at last that unemployment is a problem of suffi­ involved with the Metro project from its our leading feminine screen writer, two start both as a county official and Metro of whose notable successes in recent years cient magnitude to require Government action. As the Members prepare a new board member and now as a Member of having been the screenplays for "The Congress, I have a great interest in this Prime of Miss Jean Brodie" and "Caba­ public works employment bill, I hope they xet." Also involved are Mark Rydell, a will consider this editorial's admonitions. issue. I commend to my colleagues an director whose motion picture credits The article follows: editorial that appeared recently in the JOBS: PEOPLE AND POLITICS Washington Star opposing a further include "Cinderella Liberty,'' "The study as a costly, and possibly fatal, Rievers," and D. H. Lawrence's "The President Ford engaged in some distortion Fox," and Harry Morris, an editor who last week alter his veto of the $6.1 b1llion delay in this much-needed project: has won the Emmy, the highest award public works employment bill was narrowly DON'T STOP METRO Now given by the National Academy of Tele­ upheld in Congress. That mordant old coot, Ambrose Bierce, Speaking at campaign appeara1rnes in New could have compiled his Devil's Dictionary vision Arts and Sciences. Hampshire, Ford said the defeated legisla­ with little more raw material than the his­ The cast of "Family" includes two no­ tion was "pork barreling of the worst kind" tory so far of our rapid-transit adventure table stars of stage, screen and television, and "election-year politics." here. Sada Thompson and James Broderick, as On the contrary. The bill had its faults and "Re-study"-as in the recent clamor over well as an exceptional young talent, John its excesses, but it proposed no pointless whether the entire system should be built Rubinstein, who both composed the score handouts or make-work schemes. It was one after all-he might have defined as: "The and is importantly seen as an actor. In­ way t o get useful and needed work done on desperate refining of yesterday's late decision cidentally, he is the son of our greatest construction of lasting projects for state and to send for a doctor into tomorrow's assertion local governments. that the deceased had lost his enthusiasm living piano virtuoso, Artur Rubinstein. The bill was shaped by many persons' con­ for life anyway." "Family" deals with the problems, cerns over the depth and the durability of It would be redundant to say that the hopes, fears and joys of an American America's unemployment problem. So in an Metro system is in crisis. It was conceived mother, father and their three children. incumbent President's denial that jobless­ in crisis and scarcely has known a placid It js intelligently written, skillfully di­ ness is still a major problem for millions of month during infancy. It is accurate to say Americans. that the financial pressures on the transit rected and produced and masterfully "The best and more effective way to create agency are probably as severe as yet faced. acted. It pulls no punches when it has new jobs," Ford said, "is to pursue balanced But that this could be seen as invalidating something of import to impart. In short, economic policies that encourage growth ot the concept and design of the 100-mile rapid it is honest and true to life. What the private sector without risking a new transit system, with 46 miles already built 11Family" seeks to do--and does-is to round ot inflation. This 1s the core of my or under construction, is a queer bit of logic. provide empathy for every member of economic policy." Of course it is. It is the The problems which Metro was, at best, to February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4715 alleviate have not significantly changed-if surance Co.'s "Agent of the Year." In a useful competition. Moreover, the tour­ anything, the rapid-transit role in our trans­ company which is as large and as com• nament provides a setting for the devel­ portation network has become more impera- petitive as the Lincoln National Life In­ opment of international goodwill, fra­ tive. · ternity and friendship which can serve Francis Francois, of Prince Georges County, surance Co., such a distinction is cer­ was installed a-s chairman of the Council of tainly in the tradition of the American as building blocks to future world under- Governments last month, and promptly free enterprise system. standing. · called for a re-study of the system, though I have known Mr. Grasberger for a I congratulate the organizers and not persuasively, in our view. That mts­ number of years and consider him to be sponsors of the ice tourney on their vi­ chievous notion was derailed Wednesday a good and personal friend. It is particu­ sion and purpose. On a personal level, I when COG instead approved only a rapid larly appropriate that Mr. Grasberger offer my deep congratulations to the review of ways and means to complete the should receive this honor during his members of the Hamden scholastic system. hockey team and to Coach Lou Astorino Then there popped up a quick study, com­ company's most successful year and that missioned by Representative Roma.no Maz­ the honor is being presented during our and his assistants, and to the members zoli, D-Ky., who chairs the House DJstrict Bicentennial Year. I can think of no in­ of the West Haven scholastic hockey subcommittee on fiscal affairs. Representa­ stance which better illustrates the fund­ team and to Coach Art Crouse and his tive Gilbert Gude charged that the study wa-s amental principles of the American con­ assistants for the honor they have secretly commissioned and was tipped toward stitutional system than Mr. Grasberger's achieved for themselves personally and a conclusion against Metro by the use of con­ profession and of his work within that their schools in being chosen as repre­ sultants who favor the automobile over mass profession. The honor reflects on the city sentatives of the great State of Con­ transit. It recommended that construction be necticut and our Nation to the tourna­ halted for six to nine months until a closer in which he lives and in which he has study can be made. Studies beget studies. served as a member of the city council. It ment. The further financial strain that would be also brings honor to the 11th Congres­ Let me say that these selections were generated by the six to nine-month delay­ sional District which I am proud to rep­ well deserved. The Hamden High School which quite likely would stretch to double resent. hockey team has won the Connecticut that period-would be formidable. I am told, Mr. Speaker, that Mr. Gras­ State interscholastic hockey champion­ The Mazzoli study claims that by 1990 only berger will have the further recognition ship in 9 of the last 12 years, including one in five workers will use re.pid rail transit, of having his name engraved in granite the last 3 in a row, and was in the final as compared to the one-of-three ridership at the company headquarters in Fort playoff game in the remaining 3 years. predicted by Metro. Buit to dismiss even the Since 1960, Coach Astorino has compiled one-of-five ridership-assuming it 1s any­ Wayne, Ind. Additional accolades will where near precise-could be the difference be accorded him dming the company an impressive record of 222 wins, 85 between a bearable transportation crush and convention in Florida. I have no doubt losses, and 2 ties. Similarly over the last a near breakdown of daily urban movement. that his example will serve as a standard few years, the West Haven High School The Washington Center for Metropolitan and an incentive to the thousands hockey team, under Coach Art Crouse, Studies a few weeks ago reported that in the of Lincoln National representatives has compiled one of the most impressive first five yea.rs of this decade, car ownership throughout our country and especially winning records in Connecticut and has in the metropolitan area increased dramati­ been in the State championship playoffs cally: "The number of households with two to the several hundred representatives cars at their disposal increased by 31 per cent. in northern California. many times. These records are a tribute The number with three or more cars approxi­ The award to Mr. Grasberger was pre­ to the skills of the skaters, to their dedi­ mately doubled. Meanwhile, the number of sented in a special ceremony on Febru­ cation to the hockey program, to the households without a car decreased. So did ary 13, 1976, at the St. Francis Hotel coaches, and to the support of the schools those with only one automoblle." Those addi­ in San Francisco by Mr. Gathings Stew­ administrations, students, and parents tiOltlal cars are not purchased to sit in art, president of the Lincoln National and friends of the players. garages. Life Insurance Co., and Mr. Howard E. Mr. Speaker, I also want to express my Finishing the rail system will be expensive. admiration for the people of Hamden But it is an expenditure we cannot afford not Steele, president of the Lincoln National to make. President Ford's tepid endorsement Sales Corp., both of Fort Wayne, Ind. and West Haven who not only provided of Metro has been disappointing, though we encouragement to the home teams dur­ will take tentative reassurance in Transpor­ ing the season but also after a success­ tation Secretary W1lliam Coleman's recent ful season rallied the support needed to comment that it would "be a breach of faith" CONNECTICUT'S HAMDEN AND make the overseas trip possible. to the people of the metropolitan area if tlie WEST HAVEN HIGH SCHOOL Mr. Speaker, I extend my best wishes federal government does not exert itself to HOCKEY TEAMS TO COMPETE for a successful tournament to the Ham­ see the system completed. den and West Haven High School Transfer of interstate highway money, as hockey teams and to all participants in has been done in the District, appears to be a HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO feasible course. Maryland has demonstrated a this exciting event. I know they will give willingness in this direction. Virginia has OF CONNECTICUT the spectators a demonstration of good been marvelously unhelpful-Richmond is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hockey and fine sportsmanship. much farther from Washington than a crow's Thursday, Februm·y 26, 1976 fiight plan indicates. For years, we have urged construction of Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, from the full rapid-rail system. We see no reason March 8 through March 17, Connecti­ COAST GUARD ENFORCEMENT OF to amend that thesis. Representative Maz­ cut's Hamden and West Haven High 200-MILE LIMIT zoli's subcommittee next week will hold pub­ School hockey teams will compete in an lic hearings on Metro construction. We hope international tournament in Sweden, that the debate over a new study will be per­ HON. NORMAN F. LENT functory, and progress can be made to ham­ sponsored by the Swedish-American mering out a solid and expeditious financing Hockey Association. OF NEW YORK procedure. The selection of these two schools to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES represent the State of Connecticut in the Thursday, February 26, 1976 international tournament is, first of all, LEWIS GRASBERGER, AGENT' OF entirely appropriate in view of the Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, within a short THE YEAR teams' extraordinary winning records time, legislation to establish a 200-mile over the years and, second, a source of economic zone will become law. The en­ tremendous pride to my constituents actment of this law can only have posi­ HON. LEO J. RYAN and to me for I am privileged to have tive results if the Coast Guard is given OF CALIFORNIA both Hamden and West Haven in the adequate means to enforce it. Regret­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Third Congressional District which I tably, the proposed budget for fiscal year represent. 1977 provides, in my estimation, too little Thursday, February 26, 1976 This event has a twofold significance. money for Coast Guard airborne patrol Mr. RY~. Mr. Speaker, it has been The tournament brings together young capabilities. The Subcommittee on Coast brought to my attention that Mr. Lewis athletes from Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Guard and Navigation of ·the Committee J. Grasberger of Millbrae, Calif., is being Finland, Russia, Germany, and the on Merchant Ma1ine and Fisheries is honored as the Lincoln National Life In- United States in healthy, vigorous, and presently considering H.R. 11670, the 4716 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Feb-tuary 26, 1976 Coast Guard authorization bill, and I But the Coast Guard has not asked for 200-mile zone. This is a relatively small price include in the RECORD at this point my money to procure additional Cl30-type air­ to pay for the imp1·oved protecton of Ameri­ statement before the subcommittee on craft. Instead, they and the Department of can fishermen and sailors, and for the con­ the 200-mile limit issue: Transportation have asked for ftmds to in- servation of our marine resources. 1 stall a piece of equipment known as side­ If the United States asserts jurisdiction to STATEMENT looking radar, which Will greatly expand the 200-miles, we must enforce that limit. "Pe.­ (By Representative NORMAN F. LENT) Coast Guard's ability to patrol large expanses per" enforcement, like a "paper blockade," Re H.R. 11670, to authorize appropriations of water. Side-looking radar is a technical will only provoke contempt and violations for the U.S. Coast Guard to insure ade­ innovation which modifies standard front­ by foreign vessels. Congress has legislated quate patrol capabilities in the 200-mile looking radar to pick up shadows from either an extended limit, and I believe the Congress economic contiguous zone. side of the aircraft. I am advised that this has a concomitant responsibility to author­ Thank you for allowing me this opportunity new radar can discern not only ships or ize sufficient Coast Guard strength to main­ to address the matter of Coast Guard prep­ aircraft out to a range of 30-50 miles, but tain and enforce that limit. aration for enforcing the law in the 200-mile can also distinguish between relatively economic zone which becomes effective next rough, normal water, and calmer patches of year. water covered With oil. While I note that the Administration ap­ Under the assumption that the Coast PANAMA CANAL: THE STRUGGLE pears to have planned for the increased need Guard could have as many Cl30 aircraft TO PRESERVE U.S. SOVEREIGNTY for Coast Guard surface capabilities, by in­ equipped With side-looking radar as were necessary to patrol the whole 200-mile zone, AND JURISDICTION WILL CON­ creasing the requested authorization for TINUE medium and high endurance cutters from it would appear that with a side-looking $47,500,000 to $49,000,000, I am concerned range of approximately 40 miles on each side over the dollar amount requested for Coast of the plane, a total of 11 such rada.r­ Guard airborne patrol captt.bilities. equipped Cl30's could regularly patrol the HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN The bulk of the patrol duties which will zone. Two would be required for the East OF MISSOURI Coast, two for the Gulf Coast, and seven for fall to the Coast Guard once the 200-mile IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES limit becomes effective will be carried out by the Pacific. This figure represents an opti­ aircraft, and of these duties, the most de­ mum capability. Obviously, because of budg­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 manding will be those patrols to monitor et constraints, lead times in procurement, and eventual need to acquire more modern Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, the pollution in the 200-mile zone. Patrol duties people of the United States have been related to fisheries, I am told, are relatively high-endurance aircraft, the Coast Guard simple, even in an expanded fisheries juris­ will have to move gradually toward this op­ concerned about the fate of the Panama diction, primarily because fish follow estab­ timum capability over a period of years. The Canal for many years. That concern lished seasonal migratory patterns, and fish­ initial request for authorization by the Coast has been magnified in recent months ermen, of course, follow the fish. This makes Guard and the Department of Transporta­ due to a number of revealing public the Coast Guard's job that much easier, and tion for four side-looking radar units in Fis­ events, including the eruption of polit­ accounts for the fact that the Coast Guard's cal Year 1977 represents the first phase of ical turbulence in the Republic of Pan­ need fo1· more equipment is not proportion­ this capital procurement project. In my own evaluation of the amount re­ ama, the recent visit of Panama's chief ately increased with the expansion of Ameri­ of government with Fidel Castro and can jurisdiction over fishing areas. quested to be authorized by the Coast Guard From a budgetary point of view, it is for these four radar units, I found it in­ continued speculation about the prob­ unfortunate that the same does not hold true structive to examine how the figure of four ability of a new draft treaty extremely for the Coast Guard's responsibilities in units was arrived at. Including the four side­ disadvantageous to the United States. monitoring pollution by vessels in +.ransit looking radar units which the Coast Guard There are many of our countrymen through the 200-mile zone. The American and DOT have requested, a total of 17 air­ interested in the Panama Canal who are ooast is dotted with ports and harbors, and craft would be required for ocean patrol over searching for answers to some important the tonnage of goods entering these harbors the 200-mile zone. Of these 17 aircraft, four questions: has been increasing every year. With the pros­ would be equipped With the new radar, while pect of new deep-water ports, and expanded 13 would be conventional Cl30's. At this level Does the recent political turbulence drilling for oil and gas on the outer con­ of patrol capability, the Coast Guard would in Panama signal a turn to the extreme tinental shelf, the possibilities of such pol­ have sufficient equipment to patrol over left and a more clamorous position for lution are also increasing. Unlike the case ocean waters, and still provide two aircraft the Government of Panania in treaty with fishing vessels, where violations can be for patrol dues over the Great Lakes, with negotiations? monitored on the basis of established pat­ two aircraft held as back-up craft during Does that political turbulence fore­ terns, violations of the pollution standards by other Cl30 "down times", or available in the shadow more anti-U.S. rhetoric in commercial ships are more surreptitious, and event of an emergency. Panama? generally occur outside of established ship­ The Administration's Office of Manage­ ping lanes. The need for vigilance in the com­ ment and Budget, however, cut in half the What was the meaning of Fidel plete expanded area of American coastal Coast Guard and DOT's request for four Castro's offer of unconditional support jurisdiction is obvious. units. Under the OMB figures, 19 C130's for the canal objectives of Panama's How, we may ask, Will the Coast Guard dis­ would be required for ocean patrol, leaving Gen. Omar Torrijos? charge its responsibilities in conducting these two aircraft for patrol on the Great Lakes Does the Communist Party and its wide-ranging pollution monitoring patrols? and no back-up capabilities whatsoever'. members in Panama have an increasing The American coast line is 12,383 miles long, This, of course, means deferral of mainte­ influence on the present Panamanian and this means the Coast Guard will be re­ nance, or spotty patrol surveillance, and Government? quired to patrol an area of 2,467,600 square raises the possibility that the Coast Guard miles of water. might find itself in an emergency situation Will a new draft agreement leave the The obvious answer is for the Coast Guard requiring a plane with radar capability for United States with all the liabilities of to expand f.ts current airborne pollution pa­ a search and rescue mission without any the canal and very little of the influence trol activities, and the Coast Guard already available craft. over it? has a workhorse suitable to the task, the C130 While OMB's actions are undoubtedly These are just a few of the people's aircraft. taken in the spirit of economy, it occurs to important questions. The citizens of this The Cl30 high-endurance aircraft has a me that the costs in future years of mainte­ country expect us in this body and the patrol range of approximately 3,000 miles, nance deferred on the Coast Guard's reliable, which, by way of perspective, is sufficient for but aging, C130's may eventually offset what­ other body to get the answers to these trans-Atlantic flight. Assuming a generous ever budget economies we might realize by questions. At the same time, the people visibility range of 15 miles on each side of deferring installation of the two extra units of this country are equally anxious that the aircraft, it would require 28 Cl30's to pa­ of side-looking radar until next year, or the we express their deeply held belief in the trol the whole area of the 200-mile oone at year after that. absolute necessity of U.S. sovereignty and any given time. Assuming further th81t the The Department of Transportation and the jurisdiction over the Panama Canal and Coast Guard will seek to minimize fuel con­ Coast Guard obviously felt similarly on this Canal Zone. sumption by flying their patrols in fixed matter in requesting four units rather than The colloquy in which Members of this areas, rather than by moving their aircraft two, and I would urge that the Committee Chamber engaged on December 9. 1975, a.bout, say from North Atlantic patrol to seriously consider the trade-offs in both pa­ South Atlantic patrol, to Gulf Coast duty, trol efficiency and deferred maintenance in­ stands out as a particularly important and so on, under this scenario it would re­ volved in the OMB cut, and take action to occasion in the articulation of the neces­ quire 6 C130's to patrol the East Coast, 4 for restore the cut of $·856,000 to allow the Coast sity for U.S. sovereignty and jurisdiction. the Gulf coast, and 18 for the Pacific coast, Guard to complete installation of four side­ On that occasion the scholarly gentle­ including Ala.ska. At present, the Coast Guard looking radar units which are necessary to man from Pennsylvania (Mr. FLOOD) has only 21 C130 aircraft. ~nsure adequate patrol capabiUties in the presented a moving address entitled February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4717 he says, but "the canal and its indispensable of other human beings, human beings ,who "Panama Canal Surrender Proposal: A protective framework of the Canal Zone are collectively form the tiny nation of Panama.. Major Geopolitical Pearl Harbor". The both the objects of monstrous propaganda These factors are among the intangibles address of the gentleman from Pennsyl­ assaults in the United States spearheaded by necessitating an immediate change in our vania, and the remarks of his colleagues our own Department of State." dealings with Panama. My children would here in this Chamber, cover in a com­ not wait. Neither will theirs. plete fashion the major points in the Mr. Speaker, one of the surest evi­ Mrs. IRVIN H. MASON. canal equation. dences that the Panama Canal issue has Reston, Va. As far as I know, no major U.S. news­ not been dismissed by the general public is its continual appearance in "Letters to BETHESDA, MD., paper reported on the December 9, 1975, Jan. 22, 1976 . colloquy in this Chamber. I was happy to the Editor" columns in newspapers all LETTERS TO THE EDITOR see, however, that on December 24, 1975, over the country. I have received a copy The Star, the Times of the Americas, a Washing­ of one very thoughtful and particularly Washington, D.C. ton, D.C., newspaper with a wide cir­ pertinent letter on the Panama Canal DEAR EDITOR: Despite the fact that a mul­ culation in Latin American countries, question. This letter was written by Mr. tiplicity of reliable polls have shown that Robin Ficker of Bethesda, Md., in re­ 80% of Americans oppose giving our sover­ presented the highlights of the colloquy. eign territory, the Panama Canal, to Pan­ In order to bring this news story to the sponse to one by Mrs. Irvin Mason which appeared in the Washington Star. Since ama, Mrs. Irvin Mason (Letters, Jan. 17) attention of all the Nation and to remind says she is "so deeply ashamed of our role our citizens that their beliefs about the one of these two letters illustrates the in the subjugation" of the "tiny nation of Panama Canal will not be forgotten, I misconceptions and pseudologic on the Panama." am inserting the news article at this canal issue which characterize the think­ The facts are that Panama Pobrecita re­ point in my remarks: ing of a few Americans, and since the ceived during 1974 more than $236 million, other clears up these misconceptions and directly or indirectly, from the Canal opera­ [From the Times of the Americas, Dec. 24, tion and the amount wlll be larger this year 1975) poor logic, I am inserting both here for the Congress and the public: and increase in the future. From 1947-1974, FLOOD FIRM IN HIS STAND ON PANAMA inclusive, it received from the "Yanqui Op­ A staunch United States stand on the [From the Washington Star, Saturday, pressor of the North," upwards of $342 mil­ Panama Canal has no more articulate or Jan. 17, 1976) lion in foreign economic and military aid. consistent champion than veteran Congress­ "I AM So DEEPLY ASHAMED , , ." Thus the total benefits to Panama from those man Daniel J. Flood of Wilkes-Barre, Penn­ As an American citizen, I bitterly resent two sources exceeds a quarter of a billion sylvania. He spoke out again on the floor of the conditioned reflex of the military which dollars each year. the House on December 9, and some of his causes it to spew forth diatribes every time Added to the above, must be the lavish colleagues took the opportunity to join in the words "Canal Zone" or "Panama" ap­ amount bestowed upon Panama and its peo­ bis remarks. Congresswoman Leonor Sulli­ pear in print. I, for one, am so deeply ple by the United States as the result of the van, Missouri Democrat, and Chairman of ashamed of our role in the subjugatiion of an 1936 and 1955 revisions of the Hay-Bunau­ the House Committee on Merchant Marine entire nation of human beings that I must Varilla Treaty of 1903, plus what Panama and Fisheries, said that "those who have raise my voice in protest. extorted during World War II from the U.S. studied the history of the Panama Canal Citizens of Panama are human beings. in payment for military base sites acquired know that its successful construction, main­ They see, hear, taste, touch and smell. They by the U.S. to defend the Canal Zone and tenance, and usage are dependent upon the bear families, have homes, wishes and de­ the Canal. full exercise of U.S. authority. Those with a sires, just as we. Their aspirations parallel In my opinion, Mrs. Mason and the Star, total perspective on this issue know that the ours. with reference to the propaganda now ema­ continuance of U.S. authority is an impor­ Yet, for a period in excess of half a cen­ nating from the State Department concern­ tant test for the nation." tury, these same human beings have been ing the Canal, would profit greatly were they Republican Orval Hansen of Idaho said subjected to an elite group of Americans, to read Stanza 8 of Alfred Lord Tennyson's that "the people of the Nation consider it to the majority being American military per­ lines in The Grandmother: be as American as the Statue of Liberty." And sonnel, who have lost all sense of reality. Democrat John J. Murphy of New York says An arrogance, an insensibility, exists which "That a lie which is half a truth is ever the "there can be no compromise on the Panama would be intolerable if flaunted before their blackest of lies, Oanal. It is as simple as that." countrymen here at home. That a lie which is all a lie may be met and But it is still Mr. Flood himself who, I would ask how many of us would tol­ fought with outright, through the years, has maintained vigil over erate the daily sight of magnificent quarters, But a lie which is part a truth is a harder the U.S. presence in the Zone, and who has servants, the best of merchandise at oost­ matter to fight." made his stand on the issue clear and all within walking distance-and be for­ Thank you. unvarying. bidden to enter them, let alone use them? · Sincerely, "In a realistic sense, the Panama Canal I would ask how many of us would tolerate ROBIN FICKER, is not only a part of the coastline of the foreigners forbidding us to enter our own Attorney-at-Law. United States but also the jugular vein of territory, without their express approval? the Americas. Its existence and efficient oper­ How many of us would tolerate a portion Mr. Speaker, I hope that my remarks ation have shortened the distances of the of our country belonging to foreigners who will remind our policymakers that in my world and greatly strengthened the commer­ subjected us to their laws if we entered­ opinion the people and the Congress will cial ties of Europes, the Americas and Asia." indeed could arrest us, try us and ship us to not now or ever compromise the integrity Some 70 percent of its traffic, reported Mr. another country to prison if we should vio­ of the very important principles-sover­ Flood, either originates or terminates in the late their laws? Suppose their laws were in eignty and jurisdiction-which have al­ United States. And Canal costs have been direct oontravention to ours. Yet, this enormous. The 1970 widening of the Gail­ analogy relates to what can be done to citi­ ways been the basis of our construction lard Cut, for example, from 300 to 500 feet zens of Panama by Canal Zone officials. It and opetation of an interoceanic canal. cost $95 million, which means that moderni­ happens all the time. zation costs have climbed to $171 million. Perhaps our grandparents were subjected Total Panama Canal costs since 1904, based to injustice which led them to settle in on an estimate of the Secretary of the Army, America. Their deeds enabled our parents to CONGRESS' ROLE IN REGULATORY total $6,880,370,000. toil to free us sufficiently to implant dreams REFORM For that amount of money, in Mr. Flood's in our children-and our youngsters have opinion, we must have bought something. risen up in anger against injustice. Is it so And be cites an impressive list of thirteen strange that other human beings to the HON. TOM HARKIN south of us have evolved in the same pat- . impressive reasons why he ls sure we did. OF IOWA There's a 1922 treaty with Colombia,, for tern? And is it so strange that their young­ example, in which that country recognized sters will no longer tolerate the conditions IN THE HOUSE' OF REPRESENTATIVES the title to the Panama Canal and Railroad their own grandparents labored to over­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 as vested "entirely and absolute." throw? And there are two later treaties with Yet the United States military, acting in Mr. HARKIN. Mr. Speaker, this past Panama in which "the basic sovereignty my name (and in yours), refuses to enter January I held a series of small business rights and obligations under the 1903 treaty the new era. The status quo is too .com­ conferences in my congressional district were twice reaffirmed": The 1936-39 Hull­ fortable. Decency, honor and in~grity are to provide an opportunity for Iowa busi­ Alfaro Treaty, and the Eisenhower-Remon not to be extended to others living on an­ nessmen and businesswomen to meet with Treaty of 1955. other part of this globe. Congressman Flood has never wavered in We should long ago have discarded as representatives of various Federal Gov­ bis insistence that U.S. rights in this Zone unworthy the mentallty that insists on ernment agencies. The conferences were remain intact. Pearl Harbor is quiet today, maintaining a country club at the expense well attended and furnished some valua- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Februm·y 26, 1976 · ble communication between our local ests of consumers and small businessmen never registered for the d1·af t in protest business communities and Government in Federal regulatory proceedings in again.st. the Indochina war, but still face officials. Washington. a PoSsible sentence of 5 years in prison Out of these conferences emerged a Most of these propasals have already and a $10,000 fine. very widespread and growing concern been introduced in Congress or have at They a.re at least 7,500 American men among the participants: Government least been discussed from time to time. who acquired Canadian citizenship, and power to control and influence the deci­ It is clear to me, however, that because it about 15,000 who have acquired citizen­ sions of business threatens the very ex­ was Congress who created these Federal ship in other nations. These people can istence of many small business firms. regulatory agencies in the first place, be permanently excluded from entering There is a very strong feeling that Wash­ Congress must now begin to reevaluate the United States even if they are not ington is snatching much of the vital the performance of ou1· regulatory sys­ charged with any "crime" simply on the decisionmaking power away from busi­ tem and make necessary changes so basis of their new citizenship and a sec­ nessmen and businesswomen and hand­ these agencies can become more effective tion of the Immigration and Nationality ing it over to a growing Federal bu­ and efficient, and thereby reduce the Act which excludes as undesirable aliens reaucracy. The big problem, they point pressures on small businessmen and busi­ those foreign citizens who appear to have out, is that more and more of the deci­ nesswomen, as well as on consumers. left the United States to avoid or evade sions of business management that affect Too often, I am afraid, Congress estab­ service or training in the Armed Forces. profit and loss are being controlled and lishes laws which do not take sufficient They are 8,619 persons who have al­ influenced by Government agencies account of the possible unfavorable con­ ready been convicted for Indochina-era which are insulated from the pressures of sequences on the marketplace. Selective Service violations and who need management responsibility. These people What is far worse, however, is that for their convictions expunged from the rec­ are concerned, and rightfully so. too many years Congress has abdicated ord. Yet, the majority of those I have talked its lawmaking authority to the Federal In addition, they are hundreds of thou­ with do not advocate merely abolishing bureaucracy. Congress passes legisla­ sands of civilians who hold Federal fel­ those agencies which they find to be the tion almost daily which instructs the ony or misdemeanor records for acts of most burdensome. Instead, they honestly agencies to make their own rules, in opposition to the war. These people may believe that some Gove1·nment regula­ effect interpreting the intent of Congress. have destroyed draft files, failed to ob­ tions a.re necessary in certain areas. But Far too many times the intent o·f Con­ tain proper permits for demonstrations they want to see the manner in which gress is entirely changed by these bu­ or have violated one of several other Fed~ rules and regulations are proposed and reaucratic rules and regulations. Before eral statutes relating to demonstrations adopted improved in a way that will take we can make an honest effort to return a in opposition to the Indochina war. sufficient account of their own problems greater amount of decisionmaking to Many resisters who are in exile have in the operation of their businesses. businessmen, we must halt this pro­ gathe1·ed in Canada and in Sweden, and To make necessary changes, according cedure. The steps I have outlined above have worked in concert toward a just to those with whom I have spoken, it indicate the action Congress must take Indochina peace and toward amnesty for must be the Congress who plays the to reverse this trend. an Indochina era resisters. They are not major role. For Congress to do this, I alone, for in America tens of thousands see the following steps as most im­ of people from all walks of life, includ­ portant: ing Vietnam Gold Star mothers and fa­ NATIONAL AMNESTY WEEK First. Creation of an independent thers, hard-hats and p1·ofessors, Repub­ "Regulatory Refo1·m Commission" which licans and Democrats have worked for a would study the Federal regulatory agen­ HON. BELLA S. ABZUG just and complete amnesty. cies for a period of time to determine the The Presidential Clemency Board cre­ impact of their rules and regulations up­ OF NEW YORK ated by President Ford was merely a on small businessmen, State, and local IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES token gesture and proved to be a failure. governments and consumers, and to pre­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 Of the more than 113,000 individuals sent a list of proposals to make necessary deemed eligible for clemency under the Ms. ABZUG. Ml·. Speaker, February Presidential edict, only 19 percent ap­ changes. 22-28 is National Amnesty Week, so pro­ Second. Congress must then take steps_ plied, and many were rejected. Fewer claimed by State Governors and mayors than 15,000 have been granted even a to reassert its control and responsibility throughout the Nation. In New York City over the operation of our Federal regula­ limited or conditional amnesty. More and San Francisco, Baltimore and De­ than 1,500,000 American men and wom­ to1-y agencies. To do this, Congress troit, Charlottesville, Va., and Louisville, should: en would be affected by a general am­ Ky., Americans are holding seminars and nesty. F.stablish continuing oversight of ad­ workshops, meetings, and rallies to pro­ ministrative rulemaking, whereby cer­ When young men write to me asking mote an Indochina amnesty. why our Government opened its heart tain rules and regulations proposed by After each American war, there has Federal agencies could not take e:ff ect for and its pursestrings to the Vietnamese been an amnesty for wa-r resisters and refugees and welcomed them to our a period of time during which either the deserters. It is ironic that after the most House or Senate could disapprove of the country, but shows no similar compas­ l.lllpopular foreign war in American his­ sion for American wai· resisters, whose proposed rules by simple i·esolution. tory-a war eventually repudiated by the Require that all congressional com­ lives were completely disrupted by the American people and the Congress­ war, I cannot but agree with them that mittees include in their legislative re­ those who resisted our involvement in this is deeply unfair. ports on a specific bill a statement which Indochina have to remain in exile, in I am the author of one of the several estimates the projected extent and cost hiding, or in fear of prosecution. of Federal paperwork which would be bills now in the Congress which would Who are the people in need of am­ grant amnesty. My bill, H.R. 1229, grants generated by enactment of such a bill. nesty? They are 637,000 veterans who Provide periodic review of the per­ received less-than-honorable discharges total amnesty for all those who violated formance of each existing federal regu­ from the military because of prot.est American law for engaging in any non­ latory agency so that problems which against the Indochina war. Most of these violent activity or activity justified b;y arise in the operation of that agency can discharges were given administratively, deeply held moral or ethical belief in op­ be dealt with on a regular basis. with no semblance of due process, and pasition to the involvement of the Unit­ Provide a similar mechanism for ter­ the great majority were for "o:ffenses" ed States in Indochina. I agree with Ver­ minating federal regulatory agencies that have no parallel in civilian life. non Jordan, a member of the Clemency after a stated period of time unless they They are 4,200 persons still classified Board, that the only fah· solution is a can demonstrate to Congress that they as "deserters at large" by the military. general and unconditional amnesty. My have served and will continue to serve a However, the actual nwrber of those still bill will provide a restoration in full of legitimate public need. in exile because of·dese1·tion is estimated all civil, political, propercys and other Establish an independent organization to be up to 40,000. righb; for Indochina war dissenters. that would actively represent the inter- They are up to 500,000 people who The war in Indochina prodUced the February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4719 greatest number of dissenters of any Keith Sevedge, 17, of Kansas City, Kan., for be to take over Chile by direct military first place. Sevedge won a $2,000 scholar­ force? American war. Now that the war has ship and Cusack received a $1,000 scholar­ been over for a year, now that we cele­ ship for second place. All the ingredients are there. Peru is brate the 200th anniversary of our found­ Joe C. Bishop of Albany, Ga., took first the first country in the Western Hemi­ ing as a free nation, it is certainly time among the Explorers, making a more effec­ sphere, outside of Cuba, to receive Soviet to heal the wounds and to restore this tive American Heritage theme presentation, military assistance. Begun 2 years ago, very large group of Americans to a place in the opinion of six judges, than Joan Mc­ Peru is still cashing in on Soviet military in our society. Elvenny of Braintree, Mass. credits, having already received large "This exemplifies what scouting really quantities of modern, highly sophisti­ means, getting the expression of youth," said cated weapons. For example, our State one of the graying executives, Ernest B. Department estimates Peru to now have RUNNER-UP IN THE NATIONAL Hueter of Kansas City, Kan. "As far as I'm concerned this nation needs more of this. 250 Soviet T-54/55 tanks. In comparison, PUBLIC SPEAKING COMPETITION There's too little press given to the good Chile's 76M-4 Sherman tanks are no and too much to the bad." match. The Boy Scout organization, now 66 years In fact, Peru has an overwhelming HON. JOHN J. RHODES old, is changing. The corporate name still is superiority in military material over OF ARIZONA Boy Scouts of America, but members now Chile. This is true not only in armor, are called Scouts because of resentment to where the superiority is about 6 to 1, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the word "Boy" in inner cities, officials said. Thursday, February 26, 1976 Scouts also are called "young adults" in­ but also in terms of submarines and air­ stead of "teen-agers," and women have been power. All of Chile's planes, for example, Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, it was with admitted to the ranks of Explorers. Much are subsonic, while Peru has Mirage a great deal of pride that I received in tradition remains, including yesterday's visit bombers capable of conducting raids on my office yesterday Mr. Joseph T. Cu­ to the White House for the annual meeting Santiago from Lima. The only area sack, of Scottsdale, Ariz., who w~s run­ with the President. where Chile is on a par is in terms of ner-up in the national public speaking "It's awesome, meeting the President," naval power where its surface fleet may competition sponsored by the Boy Scouts Bishop said enroute to the White House. "I even have a slight advantage. of America. kind of put the President on a pedestal­ Peru's military superiority coupled Now in its 66th year, the Boy Scouts of it's not like he's another human being." In the. White House, President Ford shook with Cuba's obvious willingness to com­ America is an organization dedicated hands with each of the Scouts, with rou• mit troops becomes particularly ominous to building young men strong in both tine greetings, and in front of press cameras, in light of our present stance regarding body and spirit. At a time when some received a report on this year's achievements military assistance to Peru and Chile. Americans are cynical about the coun­ of Scouts. He told the press that scouting The President's request for foreign se­ try and the system, the Boy Scouts h~ve was important to him. curity assistance contains $20 million consistently represented all that is good for Peru this year, but nothing for Chile. and noble about the United States. I+ is In addition, actions by the Senate and an organization of high ideals, one that the House International Relations Com­ does important work for the country. A COMMUNIST TAKEOVER OF mittee would ban all military aid to I am proud of Scottsdale's Joe Cusack CHILE? Chile in this year's security assistance for his outstanding achievement and ex­ legislation. The Senate version would tend to him my personal congratulations ban not only credit sales, but any private for a job well done. HON. LARRY McDONALD sales and even cash sales contracted for At this point, Mr. Speaker, I an in­ OF GEORGIA 2 years ago. This includes a cash contract serting into the REfJORD an article by - IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES for 18 Northrop F-5E jet fighter planes Mr. Ron Shaffer which appeared in the Thursday, February 26, 1976 which are indispensable if Chile is to Washington Post yesterday: retain air power anywhere near that of ScOUTS, IN TIME OF CHANGE, ACCENT NATION'S Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Peru. TRADrrIONS Speaker, the role of Cuban troops in the Thus we have the absolutely incredible (By Ron Shaffer) ·Marxist takeover in Angola makes it clear situation of the United States teaming Joseph T. Cusack, a 17-year-old member of that Cuba has moved beyond exporting with the Soviet Union and Cuba to build the Boy Scouts of America visiting Washing­ revolution by subversion. Communist up a vast military machine for a leftist ton from Scottsdale, Ariz., didn't sleep well revolutions are now to be effected by di­ military dictatorship, while at the same Monday night. rect military action, with Cuba supplying He was "pretty well nervous," he said yes­ time denying a neighboring country any terday while waiting at the Washington Hil­ the troops and the Soviet Union supply­ means of protecting itself from aggres­ ton Hotel to stand in front of 200 executives ing the weapons. The extent of the pres­ sion. Considering that Chile is the most of the scouts to try to win the organization's ence of Cuban troops in foreign countries pro-American country in Latin America annual public speaking contest. is summarized in the following article, and Peru possibly the most hostile, this Sitting at the head table, while some of "Castro's Globetrotting Gurlmas," from situation is absolutely outrageous. the executives introduced each other, Cu­ time magazine of February 23. At the very least we ought to allow sack fidgeted a little." I wiped my hands on Cuba's new display of military aggres­ Chile to purchase military equipment on my trousers so much I think it got stains sion raises serious questions about our on them," he said. He ignored his lunch. a cash basis. Chile is in no condition A spotlight focused on him for the intro­ foreign policy, particularly with respect to engage in aggression against any for­ duction. He launched into the speech h~ had to Latin America. As Time points out: eign country and no one has even sug­ memorized and written and already delivered The obvious question is where will they gested such a possibility. Peru, however, victoriously in local, area, regional and na­ move next? Latin American leaders are con­ is. And we have no business sending them tional semifinal competition against other vinced that some of Havana's troops will military equipment, on credit no less, scouts. soon be helping their revolutionary brothers while denying such assistance to Chile. Cusaclt, in his neatly pressed olive drab much closer to home. One possible target The Time article follows: uniform, talked about the goals of our fore­ could be Peru, which already has a left-wing fathers and the decline of morals in Ameri­ military junta. Cuba maintains a mysteri­ [From Time magazine, Feb. 23, 19761 ca. Speaking intensely to an audience of ously large embassy staff in Lima, and the CASTRO'S GLOBETROTTING GURI~HAS mostly somber-looking men over 40 years old, foresighted Cubans are training Peruvian "The M.P .L.A. did not score a military vic­ he talked about the fall of Rome and the pilots at San Antonia de los Banos and Yuri tory [in Angola J," said Henry Kissinger at need for each American to uplift morals. Gagarin air bases outside Havana--just in a Wasl1ington press conference last week. Then he told the audience that the coun­ case Lima decides to buy some MIGs from "Cuba scored a military victory, backed by try's 200th anniversary is next year. Moscow. Peru, in one scenario, could even be the Soviet Union." On the eve of a nine-day, Cusack got his years mixed up, he said the springboard for a new Gurkha maneuver six-nation visit to La tin America, the Secre­ later, because he wi·ote the speech last year all the way along South America's west coast. tary of State implicitly raised a question that · and forgot to update it. is bound to be asked at every stop along "As soon as I said it I looked down at the Well, most of South America's west the way: What is the meaning--and the Judges and tb.ey started writing things down; coast is occupied by Chile, an historical potential danger--of Cuba's armed interven­ I thought "There it goes." Cusack finished enemy of Peru. Since "Allende's Marxist tion in Angola? strongly, but lost out to his competitor, experiment" failed, will the next move Havana's African display of military 4:720 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 19'l6 prowess dtsturbs many Lath1 American lead­ CIA-are under the stern control of Raul that nation and Inspired at the same time the ers, including some who had only recently Castro, Fidel's younger brother and the coun- Indoamerican people to fight colonialism argued that the danger of subversion from try's defense minister. The Cubans are still which vigorously helped bring about the Re· Havana. was over. Venezuela, for example, eager to export their brand of Marxism, but public. Now thanks to the aforementioned led a. fight withJ,n the Organization of Ameri­ they no longer attempt to create a. revolu- · bill you and your colleagues Reuss and Hum­ can States to drop hemispheric sanctions tlonary atmosphere, as Che Guevara tried phrey have placed the United states in the against Havana. Now President sses may have an impact at home, where ly large embassy staff in Lima, and the fore- to the Chicanos has aroused even more en­ only within the past month have Cubans sighted Cubans are training Peruvian pilots thusiasm, that is, the return of those lands 'been formally told by Premier Fidel Castro at San Antonio de los Banos and Yuri Gaga- of which they were di.sposse.ssed more than a what their men have been doing for nearly rin air bases outside Havana-just in case century ago. Those in the U.S. of Mexican a year. Lima decides to buy some MIGs from Moscow, descent a.re your best fl'iends. Much of the fighting force was airlifted, Peru, in one scenario, could even be the We wish to point out that the "Pull Em­ despite some notable logistical handicaps. springboard for a new Gurkha maneuver all ployment Bill" assures the rights of the In1t1a.lly, Cuban planes refueled for the long the way along South America's west coast. Mexicans who live in the United States. rtransatla.ntic fiight at Barba.dos, but the U.S. The relations between the people of dif- pres.sured that island's government to stop ferent nations often become difficult because such military flights. The Portuguese govern­ of the fact that the progressist groups in ment eventually refused to let the Cubans FULL EMPLOYMENT each nation do not know one another. We 'l'efuel in the Azores. Meanwhile, ottawa has know that the most important, forceful a.nd been mildly embarrassed by reports that active group for the advancement of civil Cuban planes la.nding to refuel at Gander HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS rights in the United States is the "'Black Airport in Newfol.mdla.nd are ferrying home OF CALIFORNIA Caucus" that is, the 17 black Congressional the dead a.nd wounded from Angola. While members of whom you are one of the most Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau has stressed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES outstanding. that Gander is not being used as a Cuban Thursday, February 26, 1976 We consider that the "Black Caucus" and "staging point," Canadian officials have not other sectors of the people in the United gone a.board the planes to learn if the stories Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I would States will be interested to know what Lie. iare true. like to call the Members• attention to the Jose Lopez Portillo, candidate of the "Partido SPECIAL FORCES following letter from Dr. Benjamin Revolucionario" (Revolutionary Party) for More than 2,000 Cubans are on loa.n to Afri­ Laureano Luna, the distinguished presi­ the Mexican Presidency stated on October 5: can nations other than Angola. Troops pro­ dent of the Executive Federal Council of The right to work is the right to ea.·t, to vided by Havana form pa.rt of PresideDJt the Mexican Front for Human Rights, clothe oneself, the right t-0 a decent life, the Sekou Toure's bodyguard in Guinea. CUban which expresses this organization's en­ right to enjoy social security, educate one's bureaucrats supervise government operations children, and the right to participate in cul­ thusiasm for H.R. 50, the full employ­ tural and recreational activities. The full in both Equatorial Guinea and Somalia. In bill, Tanzania., 500 Cubans are reportedly train­ ment equal opportunity and its belief exercise of those social rights logically leads ing guerrillas to harass the Rhodesian gov­ that this legislation will have interna­ to the expansion of the internal market and ernment. In the Congo (Brazzaville), 150 tional benefits: encourages new investments and savings. It others form a rear echelon for Angola; in MEXICAN FRONT FOR HUMAN transforms needs into effective demands. It Guinea-Bisseau, says a. grateful govenment RIGHTS: AN ORGANIZATION THAT creates justice and prepares the necessary basis for self-sufficiency." spokesman, "they showed us how to make the COLLABORATES WrrH THE U.N., terrain work for us and against the Portu­ ExECUTIVE FEDERAL COUNCIL, The aforementioned "Consejo F'ederal guese." Ejecutivo del Frente Mexicano Pro Derechos Mexico, D.F., January 9, 1976. Humanos" respectfully wishes to know Cubans are also active in a number of U.S. Cong1·essman AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS, Arab states. They train Polisario guerrillas whether the "Black caucus" and, in par­ Chairman, Subcommittee on Equal Oppov­ ticular, you, as chairman of the subcommit­ from Western Sa.hara in Algeria. In South tunities, Washington, D .C. Yemen, there are more than S,000 advisers tee on Equal Opportunities desire to invite 1 DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The "Consejo Federal Lie. Jose L6pez Portillo to Visit the U.S. ' and special forces, including MIG-flying Ejecutivo del Frente Mexicano Pro Derechos pilots. By far the largest detachment is in Congress for the purpose of strengthening Ruma.nos" (Executive Federal Council of the the relations between our two peoples and Syria: 3,500 to 4,000 men, including an en­ Mexican Front tor Human Rights) is a non­ tire armored brigade (with 94 Russian T-62 further the development of the human rights governmental organization that was created which is an essential part of democracy, ta.nks), two commando battalions, perhaps in Mexico in 1951 for the purpose of spread­ 30 or more MIG pilots. friendship and peace. ing, developing, carrying out and defending With cordial greetings, I i·emain. RADICAL HOSTS the principles of the United Nations Univer­ Yours, One disturbing aspect of the Cuban pres- sal Declaration of Human Rights for which reason we are interested in all sorts of activ­ BENJAMIN LAUREANO LUNA, 1 ence is the vast amount of military hard­ President. ware that the Soviets have been sending ities that a.re related to the fundamental to Syria. Some intelligence experts believe rights and freedom of man. Of course, it always has been our concern the weaponry is far in excess of what Syria THE SELLOUT AT CBS could possibly use in another war with Israel. to assure each individual of his right to work. Thus, these experts contend, Syria has be­ We know that you are the person who started come a sort of stockpile from which Soviet the effort to guarantee each person in the United States the right to work, a right that HON. MICHAEL HARRI GTO planes, guns or tanks can be drawn for serv­ is considered a human and inalienable right. OF MASSACHUSETTS ice in trouble spots like Angola. The Cubans Your H.R. 50 "Full Employment Bill" has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES go along to man the equipment. U.S. Ambas. attracted our attention. The bill has been co­ sador to the United Nations Daniel P. Moy­ sponsored by the well-known members of the Thursday, February 26, 1976 nihan recently described them as "the Gur­ U.S. Congress Hubert Humphrey and Henry S. Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Spoo.ker, the kha.s of the Russian empire," a reference to Reuss. Central Intelligence Agency appea1"S to the fierce Nepalese soldiers who for long We believe that you and the cosponsors moved about t11e world to fight on Britain's Congressman Reuss and Senator Humphrey be scoring a major victory in its area behalf. are not only fighting for the prosperity of the of prime expertise-the manipulation of Havana's overseas forces-as well as as people of the United States but that also the opinion and events by skillful use of the Middle Eastern and African intelligence op­ people of Mexico will profit from your bill. mass media. What is remarkable is that erations, handled by Section V of· the Di­ Two hundred years ago the Revolution in this public relations coup is occuning rection General de Intelligencia, Cuba's the United States led to the independence of not in some obscure banana republic but February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4721 here in the United States, where a vigor­ ment, or that of anyone; and that he at least tise necessary to plan, install, and operate ous free press has historically prided it­ thought he was precluding a "profit" even for waste treatment plants. Implementation The Village Voice. self on its resistance to Government pres­ The other major question concerning pub­ grants and loan guarantees would then sure. A year that began with sensational lication of the committee report is whether be targeted for the actual construction exposes of intelligence agency abuses has Mr. Schorr should have turned it over to The of the energy recycling systems. In addi­ ended with editorial outcries against con­ Voice in any circumstances. Did not the tion, the Environmental Protection gressional "security leaks" and with a House vote to keep it secret? Has not George Agency would be directed to place in­ major news organization suspending one Bush, the new C.I.A. director, said publica­ creased emphasis on their research, de­ of its finest reporters for taking the first tion damaged national security? velopment, and demonstration efforts in In fact, Mr. Bush took refuge in the ancient amendment too seriously. governmental dodge of saying, in effect, "if the waste recovery area. That Daniel Schorr has become the you only knew what I knew ... but of course Clearly, this approach has been nnder­ target of a witch-hunting House of Rep­ I can't tell you what I know." When the utilized in the United States. Trash­ resentatives is certainly no great surprise. Government made the charge about publica­ fueled electricity and steam-generating This Chamber has shown its colors tion of the Pentagon Papers in 1971 that the plants have been successfully producing clearly enough in its decades of kowtow­ national security had been damaged in ways power from municipal and solid waste ing to national security bureaucrats. it could not publicly discuss, Federal Judge for as long as 20 years in Europe and Murray Gurfein was unable in a secret ses­ What is harder to fathom or forgive is sion to elicit from Government witnesses a Japan. Unfortunately, as a result of our the equally shabby treatment of Mr. single specific instance of actual damage to Nation's abundant fuel supplies prior to Schorr at the hands of his own CBS. With the national security. the Arab oil embargo, little effort has the network's news chief Richard Salant This history, of course, proves nothing been made to utilize this resource. ducking and running in this fashion, we about the committee report except that A quick examination will indicate ex­ have the clearest signal yet that the jour­ statements like Mr. Bush's should be re­ actly how valuable this technology can nalistic retreat which began with the garded with much skepticism-particularly be to the United States. since (a) most of the report's major points :flacking of the Welch assassination has had previously been published, so that at Given an all-out effort by the Federal now gone into full swing. worse any security damage already had been Government, the equivalent of 400,000 In an excellent article in the New York done; (b) other reasonably knowledgeable barrels of oil per day could be converted Times of February 24, Tom Wicker dis­ persons, including the House committee and from municipal solid waste. On a nation­ cusses the Schorr episode with a welcome its staff, believed that, as Mr. Schorr said, it wide basis, this alternative source of fuel respect for the facts. I am inserting his contained "nothing more of national security could supply more than 6 percent of the observations in the RECORD at this point significance, certainly nothing that would energy needs of this country's utilities. in the hope that some of my colleagues endanget" any individual." My home State of New Jersey alone could Besides, Mr. Bush himself, appearing on will renew the effort to shift the intelli­ "Meet the Press," conceded that "the funda­ receive 9.2 percent of its energy supply gence debate back to where it belongs­ mental question is that Congress voted by for power generation from refuse. to questioning the activities of the CIA: almost two-to-one that the report not be Other States would do just as well, or DEFENDING DAN SCHORR made public, and it was made public . . . better. California could receive 11.6 per­ (By Tom Wicker) that's just plain wrong." This is the basic cent; New York, 13.6 percent; Minne­ charge against Mr. Schorr, but it is George In suspending Daniel Schorr from his sota, 10.3 percent; and Massachusetts, Bush who is just plain wrong. 12.9 percent. Had resow·ce recovery sys­ reporting duties, CBS News has succumbed How Is it different for the House to vote to a campaign launched within the Ford to suppress a. public docwnent than for a tems been operating in standard metro­ Administration to picture the Central Intelli­ President to suppress it? If President Ford, politan statistical areas-SMSA's-in gence Agency as an erring but basically for example, had decided not to make public 1971, the equivalent of 390,000 barrels of worthy victim of those who leak its vital the report of the Rockefeller Commission he oil could have been recovered from solid secrets and reporters who print them. appointed to study C.I.A. abuses, would that waste. This is equivalent to 5.5 percent lVfr. Schorr has conceded that he made a have made it "just plain wrong" for a good copy of the House Intelligence Committee's of the fuels conswned by all utilities in reporter like Dan Schorr to get hold of it 1970. The U.S. Environmental Protection report available for publication in The Vil­ and put it on the public record? lage Voice, a New York weekly. The charge Of course not, for to say so would be to say Agency estimates that the equivalent of against him is that he "sold" a document that either a President alone or the House 400,000 barrels of oil could eventually be that not only disclosed national security by majority vote can decide what a free press recoverable from trash. information but which the House of Repre­ may or may not publish. I11 the Pentagon This development would improve our sentatives had voted not to publish. The Papers case, the Supreme Court specifically "selling" charge arises from Mr. Schorr's sug­ balance of payments. The U.S. deficit ruled against any such doctrine-contraven­ would be decreased by about $1. 7 billion gestion that The Voice make a contribution ing, as it would, the First Amendment-al­ to the Reporters' Committee for Freedom of on an annual basis for the 390,000-barrel though it left open the possibllity that some figure. Eventually, this figure could top the Press. narrowly specified matters might be of such Anyone who knows Daniel Schorr knows immense and immediate security importance $2 billion and mean the equivalent of also that it is absurd to suggest that he as to warrant "prior restraint." 500,000 barrels of oil daily. sought to profit materially from publication No one has suggested that the House com­ Moreover, U.S. cities would gain by this of the House committee report. The facts mittee report is even remotely such a development at a time when many are in are that Mr. Schorr did not suggest payment matter; and after a year-long investigation for himself, but to a cause he considered financial straits. The plight of New York conducted at public expense, it was in fact a is known to us all, but other cities-De­ worthy. He first determined, as a. CBS report­ document that belonged where Dan Schorr er, that the broadcast possibilities of the re­ put it-on the public record. troit, New Orleans, and San Francisco-­ port had been exhausted. When the possi­ are also in financial dange1·. One reason bility of book publication fell through, Clay is annual expenditures for trash disposal. Felker, publisher of The Voice, offered to The National League of Cities and the print the report. U.S. Conference of Mayors reported that "I had then to consider," Mr. Schorr wrote H.R. 12106 the editors of The New York Times, "since in 1973 it cost $6.4 billion to dispose of taking money was unthinkable to me, wheth­ their garbage and trash; this means er Felker should be the sole beneficiary. If HON. MATTHEW J. RINALDO about 135 million tons of solid waste. our system inevitably creates profits, should OF NEW JERSEY Presently, less than 1 percent of the re­ Felker enjoy them exclusively? So, I sug­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sources in municipal waste is being re­ gest?d it would be appropriate for him to claimed. The rest of the solid waste goes make some gesture to the free press idea. Thursday, February 26, 1976 into dumps, landfills, and incinerators­ which had animated me by a 'voluntary' Mr. RINALDO. Mr. Speaker, I have or out to places like the "Dead Sea" off contribution to the Reporters' Committee." introduced legislation something effective to help solve the world energy problem. significant way to help meet urgent needs We believe that any planning for electrical of peoples throughout the world. Conserving power generation using plutonium is mis­ In conclusion, the United States should energy can be accomplished in mamy ways, guided. The key issues a.re not technical or seek solutions for the energy problem through including: decentralizing energy systems, economic but social and ethical. conservation, development of renewable en­ thus permitting fuller utilization of energy; ergy sources, decentralization of power sys­ using renewable sources including solar; set­ NUCLEAR RADIOACTIVE WASTE tems, and consideration of global energy ting more stringent standards for insulation; Storage of radioactive wastes for thou­ needs. PrOduction of power by nuclear fission developing new building techniques to cut sands of years is so far an unsolved problem. involves unacceptable risks. International energy requirements further; total energy At present, .about 100 mililon gallons of control of nuclear energy should be strength­ planning for com.nmnlties, industrial plants, high-level radioactive waste, half liquid, half ened and attention should be focussed on office buildings, and major public fac1lities: solid, are stored in the United States. At steps toward nuclear and conventional dis­ developing mass transportation and carpool- Hanford in the state of Washington some armament. February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4725 WILL THE FEDERAL PAPERWORK Other sources expressed concern, since the tug from recession, has reached an all-time BURDEN BE CUT? membership of CFP is drawn from diverse high. and sometimes antagonistic areas such as Public hearings by CFP in the field the Congress, the Office of Management and throughout the country are likely to stimu­ HON. TOM STEED Budget, the General Accounting Office, State late public clamor to cut the paperwork OF OKLAHOMA and local governments, and indust1·y, that burden. CFP may encounter difficulty in reaching Considering that the total an nual S40 bil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agreement on what should be done about lion paperwork expenditure is nonproductive Thursday, February 26, 1976 paperwork. and inflationary and, further, that the Gov­ Considering the enormity and the com­ ernment share of $20 billion is borne by the Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, the following plexity of the problem, one can readily un­ taxpayer and the private industry share of article by Henry A. Robinson, general derstand the apprehension of these observ­ $20 billion is being passed on to the con­ counsel of the House Committee on ers-part icularly since the problem, which sumer, one can reasonably expect that the Small Business, sets forth facts on the had not been solved in all these years, has general public will join the small business opening phase of the activities of the been compounded by a spectacular increase sector in dremanding a change. Commission on Federal Paperwork. in the paperwork load within the past decade. An aroused public interest is bound to put In 1965, there were 3,803 different Govern­ the CFP project into high gear soon-most He recommends a course to readers ment reports required of U.S. citizens and likely within this election year. that I would like to see generally businesses---excluding income tax returns. In addition, there are a number of ot her adopted-that they contact the Commis­ By 1971, the figure had grown to 5,298 and visible signs which forecast success in CFP's sion and provide brief statements on the is presently estimated to run over 6,000. mission. Federal reporting forms that pose the The annual cost to the private sector of First and foremost is tb.e fact that the worst problems and their suggestions for filling out Federal forms was officially re­ Congressional membership of CFP consists ported at $4 billion in 1965 and had doubled of four dedicated advocates of small business change. by 1968 to $8 billion. One budget estimate As one of the two House members of who understand and are sympathetic to the of the cost to business today comes to $18 problems of small business. They are Rep­ the Commission-the other is its distin­ billion a year. resentatives Tom Steed and Frank Horton guished Chairman. FRANK HORTON-I The General Services Administration re­ of the House and Senators Thomas J. Mc­ commend this article and its suggested cently calculated that the annual cost to Intyre and Bill Brock of the Senate. course to Members, to small business business for filling out Federal agency forms Representative Steed is the Ranking Ma­ friends, their associations and trade runs more than $20 billion a year-and that jority Member of the House Small Business groups and indeed to all who feel the it costs the Government another $20 billion Committee. Srenator Mcintyre is a high­ a year to read them. ranking majority member of the Senate effect of unnecessary Federal paperwork. The task of CFP may be a Herculean one­ Mr. Robinson's article appears in the Select Committee on Small Business and but we all must disagree with those who is also a member of the Small Business Sub­ February edition of Personal Selling To­ doubt that the job can or will be done. committee of the Senate Committee on day, the publication of the Direct Selling Apparently, the skeptics have overlooked Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs. Repre­ Association. or underestimated the power of public opinion and indignation, particularly when sentative Horton was a Member of long­ WILL THE FEDERAL PAPERWORK BURDEN BE it hits the American taxpayer and the small standing of the House Small Business Com­ CUT? businessman in the pocket. mittee and is the Ranking Minority Mem­ (By Henry A. Robinson) It can be expe.cted that the investigations ber of the House Committee on Government As soon as the recently established Com• and hearings of the CFP will reveal that a Operations. Senator Brock also serves tlle mission on Federal Paperwork ( CFP) became good deal of the reporting by businesses can interests of the small business community as operational last October, observers began to be dispensed with without affecting in the a Member of the Senate Select Small Busi­ express a dim view about its ultimate success. slightest the security, the economy, and the ness Committee. They agree that there is a need to control well-being of our Nation. Under their stewardship, CFP is bound to the number of reports, forms and question­ For example: Social Security Form 941 is succeed. naires that individuals and businesses must one on which employers must list-4 times Another favorable indication of ultimate fill out for various Federal departments and a year-the name, Social Security number, ·CFP achievement is the policy which it estab­ agencies, but predict that the CFP efforts wages, and status of each and every em­ lished at the outset to examine each specific will be futile. ployee. Admittedly, this information is problem separately and prescribe the remedy The writer of an article in U.S. News and neither needed nor utilized for tax purposes. immediately instead of waiting until the World Report cautions "don't get carried It merely helps the Social Security Adminis­ comp1etAon of its ove·rall study to report rec­ away by your expectations." He predicts that tration figure out benefits. ommendations. This technique proved effective in obtain­ the Commission's work will last two years, In December 1975, just prior to the Con­ cost at least $4 million, and expire in frus­ gressional Christmas recess, the Congress, ing Cong.ressional enactment and Presiden­ tration. tii!.1 approval of the Social Security Form 941 in response to strong protests by small busi­ reform. A member of the Paperwork Commission ness groups over a period of many years, en­ likewise appears to be pessimistic. In his In line with this policy, CFP has just an­ acted legislation which eliminates the un­ nounced that it will have at least six more testimony before a Subcommittee of the duly burdensome portions of Form 941 This House Small Business Committee last De­ proposals for change before the end of Janu­ legis1ation, which was spearheaded by the ary. cember, he described the enormous paper­ Congressional CFP Members T~m Steed and work deluge and compared the CFP to the Frank Horton in the House and Thomas J. Another good sign is the June 1975 state­ little boy "who is going to put his finger in ment of the President that he wants "very Mcintyre and Bill Brock in the Senate, was desperately to have small business freed from the hole in the dyke." approved by the President on January 2, 1976 Other skeptics base their views on the lack the excessive Federal paperw()(l'k." Adminis­ (Public Law 94-202) to become effective in tration and Congressional accord should be of willingness of the Executive agencies to two years. This legislative enactment will adopt any meaningful reform or to curtail helpful to CFP in its efforts to obtain legis­ save business firms an estimated total of lative and administrative changes. the proliferation of the paperwork. They $250 to $275 million a year. point to the failure of the Executive agencies This good outlook does not mean, however, to implement the provisions of the existing Continued small business complaints and that the small businessman can now sit back, statute-the Federal Reports Act enacted by clamor are expected to inspire further leg­ relax, and wait for changes to take place. the Congress in 1942. islative reform and admlnistrative changes Much more ls needed to be done-and with­ In 1973, a Senate Subcommittee headed as the work of CFP progresses. out delay. by Senator Thomas J. Mcintyre, now Co­ An informed source recently expressed the One of the main functions of CFP is to Chairman of the CFP, concluded that the view that CFP investigations will probably identify those reporting requirements and 1942 Act was ineffective because it did not reveal that a great deal of the reporting re­ particular forms which are unnecessary or cover the Internal Revenue Service which quired by the Federal depa1·tmeI].ts and unduly burdensome and then to make recom­ generates some 35 % of Federal paperwork agencies goes for naught--that many forms mendations for their modification or elimi­ and because the Office of Management and which individuals and small businesses have nation. Budget, charged by law with responsibility sent to the Government under penalty ot This will not be easy. CFP will need all the to carry out the Federal Reports Act, had law, were never recorded or failed-and that help it can get from the private sector to do not adequately implemented that law. some were not even opened. Also, that in the job quickly and effectively. A report issued in July 1975 by the Gen­ inany instances, forms are duplicative, redun­ In this connection, both the small inde­ e1·a1 Accounting Office, the Government's dant and serve little if any useful, valid or pendent contractor and the large man'Ufac­ housekeeper, criticized the Office of Manage­ essential Government purpose. tui·er in the di!'ect selling field can do their ment and Budget and the Department ot The paperwork burden is hurting small part by writing to their Congrees!ll4'n and Labor for inadequate administration of the business badly-more than. ever before. The Senators and CFP in support of the OPP 1942 Federal Reports Act. mounting cost to sn1all business, still reel- program. Thef.r letters should briefly set fo1·th 4726 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Febr·ua-ry 26, 1976 a statement regarding those reporting forms for· buffering and protection, are the Arches coastline is currently owned or whiicih present the greatest problems to them dominant concerns of H.R. 11706: administered by 2 State agencies, 1 and theil" suggestions for corrective action. The Point of Arches and Shi Shi Beach 26 The address of CFP ts 1111-20th Street, N.w.. county government, and private in­ Washington, D.O. 20582. · coastal area, a 7~-mile stretch of wild dividuals or corporations. The immedi­ In so doing, members of the direct selling seascape that encompasses the last sec­ ate Point of Arches area is a registered industry, large a.nd small, will be assisting tion of the Olympic Peninsula coastline national nature landmark. The State of CR> in tt.s task for the benefit of not onD.y that is still both largely untouched by Wa-shington has jurisdiction over lands their own industry, but also the entire small man, and available for public acquisition. and waters below the mean high tideline. business community, the taxpayer, the con­ A narrow strip of buffering uplands The scores of offshore islands, seastacks, sumer, and the Nation's economy. would also be included in this proposed and rocks are managed by the U.S. Bu­ additjon, bringing the total acreage in­ reau of Sports Fisheries and Wildlife as volved to about 2,520. part of the Flattery Rocks National It is here that timely congressional ap­ Wildlife Refuge. OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK proval is of the essence. In the absence Inclusion of this coastal strip within of indications that acquisition will move Olympic National Park will simplify ad­ forward, logging operations could begin ministrative complexities and insure HON. DON BONKER this summer to harvest the old growth more effective use of and protection for OF WASHINGTON western red cedar, Sitka spruce, and its scenic and natural assets. A step will western hemlock that grow on much of also thereby be taken toward the inter­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the coastal strip lands. The natural qual­ governmental management agreement Thursday, February 26, 1976 ities that now qualify these lands so that the National Park Service has wise­ Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, the Olym­ eminently for inclusion in the park ly proposed. pic Peninsula of Washington State 1s a would be lost. The delineation of the exact boundary unique and isolated landmass, an area The shoreline of Lake Ozette-the of the proposed Lake Ozette addition to of rugged mountains, coniferous rain largest lowland coastal lake in the State the park was provided for in general forests, wildlife, glaciers, lakes, streams, of Washington-Lake Ozette is of na­ terms in H.R. 11706 to allow ample time and seascapes that constitute a national tional significance as one of the few for full consultation with affected prop­ treasure house of natural beauty. bodies of water of such character and erty owners and governmental agencies. Since its creation by Congress in 1938, magnitude that remains essentially un­ The Secretary of the Interior would be Olympic National Park has been the marred by the presence of man and is, authorized to set the precise Lake Ozette prime protector and custodian of the therefore, still suitable for inclusion in line and to revise the park boundaries land and water features of national sig­ the national park system. accordingly within 180 days after notifi­ nificance on the peninsula. The lake is about 9 miles long. The cation to Congress and publication of a The National Park Service describes eastern shoreline, comprising something detailed description in the Federal Reg­ the park a.s "conceived in controversy, less than half of the total, is already ister. born of compromise and developed within Olympic National Park. H.R. Lake Ozette and its shoreline are out­ amidst constant confiict." This year, via 11706 would add the remaining shoreline standing physical features that qualify H.R. 11706 and its identical companion to the park, along with an upland buffer on their own merits as a suitable addi­ measure, H.R. 12075, Congress has the strip of at least 200 feet that, in total, tion to the park. The high scenic and opportunity to resolve the confiict, to could not encompass more than 1,500 recreational potential of the lake could still the controversy and, through a acres of private land. An exact boundary lead to impairment of its cw·rent quality genuine compromise of competing inter­ has not yet been determined, although and down-grade the existing Olympic ests, to complete at last the 38-year his­ the intent is to include no more land than National Park lands nearby without the tory of the building of Olympic National is minimally necessary to buffer and to unified management that National Park Park. protect the lake resources. Preliminary Service administration of the entire Although scenic qualities unique in the calculations suggest that 1,000 acres or shoreline would provide. United States are at stake, the park less would be required. As the Washington Environmental boundary revisions proposed are modest. H.R. 11706 al.so provides for four other Atlas published in January 1975 by the Some 4,600 acres would be added to the additions to and nine deletions from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers notes:· park, and nearly 2,300 acres would be Olympic National Park. All are recom­ The shores of Lake Ozette have been sug­ deleted. The net gain-about 2,300 gested for preservation. Lakefront develop­ mended in the propased Olympic Na­ ment outside the park is underway and acres-is equivalent to less than three­ tional Park master plan either to facili­ tenths of 1 percent of the current park eventually will progress to the point that the tate park administration or to provide lake will bear too much traffic for enjoy­ size of 896,599 acres. commercial-quality timberlands that ment. Increased traffic will also affect the Park expansions involving 10 to 20 could be used to minimize the economic National Park shores with eventual detri­ times as much land have been seriously and timber supply impacts of the pro­ mental effects. Every effort should be made to suggested. by many Washington State posed park acquisitions near Point of put all of Lake Ozette within the National residents to accomplish the aims of H.R. Arches and around Lake Ozette. Park boundary. 11706, but the tn•gent need for speedy action prompted. a willingness to com­ Although the Point of Arches upland Logging clearcuts are within one-half promise in retw·n for a proposal that strip is na1Tow-running generally not mile of the lakeshore and could com­ could c;lo the job in timely fashion. more than one-fourth to one-half mile promise the current lake quality in the The result is a package, cosponsored and never more than 1 mile inland-it foreseeable future if inclusion in the by all Members of the Washington con­ provides a scenic backdrop that is vital park is not accomplished now. gressional delegation, which reflects a to the beaches themselves and encom­ H.R. 11706 contains important safe­ series of related compromises between passes one especially important natural guards for private owners of property to major corporate landowners and conser­ ;feature, the virgin stands of western be acquired. They would, of cotn·se re­ vationists. These oft-conflicting inter­ red cedar around the shores of Lake ceive market value compensation' for ests support this bill, as does Gov. Dan Willoughby. their lands, along with opportunities to Evans of Washington State, who helped Large cedars will be extinct on non­ participate in the appraisal process. prepare it. Regrettably, time pressure park lands on the peninsula within a few Individuals with existing, noncommer­ precluded involving all affected property years. Almost all the stands now pre­ cial single family residences would have owners in its drafting. However, a sig­ served within the Olympic National Park the option of continued use of these nificant number have since expressed coastal areas are scraggly and stunted by homes for 25 years or life, whichever support for it, and I am determined to the ocean winds. Lake Willoughby is suf­ proves longer. see that all are heard before the bill is ficiently far inland to permit these trees A 3-year deadline for property acqui­ reported. to attain their full magnificence. sition is included to minimize the dis­ Two proposed additions to Olympic Between the Makah Indian Reserva­ ruptions that uncertainty can pose for National Park, along with no more ad­ tion on the north and the existing park personal lives and corporate planning. jacent land than is minimally necessary boundary on the south, the Point of Every owner of lands to be acquired February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4727 would also be protected from loss in A WATERGATE CoVERUP BY THE MEDIA about GOP sophisticated survelllance tech­ values due to changes in land use regu­ (Reported as a Public Service by Accuracy niques now being used for campaign pur­ in Media-AIM) · poses and of an interesting group here in lations. New York where some of this "intelligence" To add flexibility on consummating A 1·ooently published book reveals that there is evidence that officials of the Demo­ activity is centered. The Information comes land exchanges that would serve to re­ cratic National Committee and gossip col­ from a counter-Wire tapper who helped me duce the economic impacts of the pro­ umnist Jack Anderson were among those who once in a very difficult situation in Michigan posed park additions, the U.S. Forest had knowledge of the Watergate bugging and who had come to me highly recom­ Service would be authorized to partici­ many weeks before the break-in of June mended from two lawyers, Gallagon (sic) and pate in such exchanges. The Washington 17, 1972. Shapiro. State Legislature is also considering The book is At That Point in Time and the "Can you have s~roeone call me so you similar autho1ity for the State depart­ author is Fred D. Thompson, Chief Minol'ity can get the info first hand and take what­ Counsel of the Ervin Committee, the special ever actions you deem necessary. If you ment of natural resources. committee created to investigate the Water­ want, I wlll go a. little deeper into the sit­ Finally, to reassure Olympic Pen~n­ gate scandal. uation, but I would prefer that you evaluate sula residents concerned about contm­ Thompson devotes an entire chapter to the same information I have received, and ued expansion of Olympic National Park, the intriguing evidence that the victims of from the same source, before taking further the bill abolishes the authority given the the Watergate bugging were warned several steps." President in 1938 to expand the park weeks in advance of what was planned. This O'Brien turned the matter over to a mem­ evidence was developed by the minority staff ber of his stafi', John Stewart, the DNC's boundaries by proclamation up to a ceil­ director of communications, appending this ing of 898,292 acres. Henceforth, enlarge­ of the Ervin Committee. Sworn testimony was taken in executive session from three note to Haddad's letter: "Could you follow ment of the park would require congres­ officials of the Democratic National Commit­ up on the attached and put in a call to sional approval. tee, columnist Jack Anderson, and the two Bill?" Although only 19 days elapsed between individuals who gave the warningi A. J. Wool­ Stewart had phone conversations with the introduction of H.R. 11706 and its ston-Smith, a New York private detective, both Haddad and Woolston-Smith. A meet­ initial hearing before the Parks and Rec­ and William F. Haddad, a former official in ing with them was arranged in Haddad's reation Subcommittee, my office and I the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations. New York office on Aprfi 26, 1972. It was have worked diligently to provide all in­ The staff prepared a summary of its find­ attended by Stewart, Haddad, Woolston­ ing, but it was never included in the final Smith, and Ben Winter, the vice president terested parties with copies of the bill, report of the Ervin Committee. The majority of a New York bank who was a friend of maps of the areas involved and explana­ did not think the findings were sufficiently Haddad's. Haddad said Winter had nothing tory materials. Such packets were mailed conclusive. We have learned that a copy of to do with the matter. He just happened promptly to 3.11 identified property own­ the summary fell into the hands of a reporter to be in his office, and he invited him to sit ers, and contacts were made with a broad for CBS News, but that news organization in on the meeting "to hear something fas­ 1·ange of local and State government offi­ chose not to divulge the story. cinating." cials and other interested individuals The transcripts of the secret testimony WHAT WAS KNOWN and organizations. became available to the public, and AIM ac­ Woolston-Smith testified that Haddad did I personally visited the Olympic Penin­ quired a set, but the major media sh.owed no most of the talking. Haddad testified under interest in them and the story they con­ oath that the discussion included plans of sula after the introduction of H.R. 11 706, tained. We have discussed the story with the Republicans to bug the Watergate offices discussed its provisions with Olympic Na­ many people, including a number of report­ of the DNC, the involvement of Cuban.Ci, ways tional Park personnel, toured the Point ers. The reaction is always one of astonish­ which the funding of the espionage operation of Arches and Lake Ozette areas by air, ment and interest. But, with one or two ex­ might be traced, and a Republican organiza­ held an open public meeting with con­ ceptions the reporters have failed to probe tion in New York called the November Group stituents in the vicinity at Forks and the evidence and inform the public about it. that had some connection With G. Gordon was generally available during several WHO WAS IN THE KNOW? Liddy. He also said that the name of former other gatherings on the peninsula. H.R. We will give you the story in some detail Attorney General John Mitchell had been 11706 has also received extensive cover­ so that you may judge its newsworthiness for mentioned. yourself. Woolston-Smith's sworn testimony als-0 age in the Washington State press. First. we must point out that those who indicated that these were among the mat­ Mr. Speaker, the Point of Arches coast­ dug into this matter were frustrated by wit­ ters discussed, but he did not mention John line hangs in the balance with this pro­ nesses who contradicted themselves and each Mitchell's name being brought up. He did, posal. Only here is a critical deadline other, who had incredible lapses of memory, however, say that James McCord, who par­ faced, although in the years ahead the who claimed to have kept no records or poor ticipated in the Watergate burglary, had been threat of physical alteration looms large records of important matters, and who mis­ mentioned at the meeting. Woolston-Smith placed important documents. But it is pre­ claimed that nearly everything discussed by . for Lake Ozette, too. The basic package cisely the obvious effort to conceal and con­ of compromises embodied in H.R. 11706 Haddad was based on his information except fuse on the part of the witnesses that for the Cuban involvement. He thought offers the only vehicle for timely action. strengthens the conclusion that there was that information could have come from We cannot risk losing what could be the some real fire beneath the clouds of smoke Haddad's friend, Jack Anderson. final opportunity to acquire these scenic that some of the witnesses were blowing. Ben Winter, the banker, recalled that treasures for the people of the United If investigative reporters had devoted a Woolston-Smith had dispJayed a "sophisti­ States. fraction of the time they spent on other cated bug" at the meeting and had handed aspects of Watergate to investigating how it to Stewart and Haddad. Winter thought the Democrats and Jack Anderson found out Woolston-Smith's information appeared to about the bugging in advance, it is conceiv­ COVERUP OF JACK ANDERSON'S able that they might have uncovered either be hard evidence of surveillance, not just a WATERGATE INVOLVEMENT? a double agent, some counterbugging, or even theory. Woolston-Smith himself tried very an unindicted co-conspirator. hard to put the investigators off with an in­ credible story that he had presented nothing Here is the story, partly as told by Fred HON. LARRY McDONALD Thompson, but supplemented by our own but a theory. He changed his tune when in­ analysis of the once-secret testimony. terrogated a second time, but the staff never OF GEORGIA felt that he had given them a true statement A private detective in New York named A. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about the source of his information. He in­ J. Woolston-Smith apparently became aware sisted that he did only "defensive wiretap­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 of the Republican plai1s to bug the Demo­ ping," i.e., detection of bugging. The bug he crats as early as December 1971 or January exhibited at the meeting, he said, was only Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. 1972. He conveyed ti1is information to Wil­ a fake model intended to show the type of Speaker, on February 4, 1976, Accuracy liam F. Haddad, publisher of a small New equipment available in the market. in Media ran a full-page ad in the Wash­ York weekly, the Manhattan Tribune, who Two days after this meeting, Haddad ad­ ington Post to call public attention to the had previously given Woolston-Smith assign­ dressed a letter to John Stewart, saying th.at amount of evidence that columnist Jack ments to detect suspected wiretapping. Had­ Woolston-Smith lud "good information" and Anderson and top officials of the Demo­ dad had held high positions in both the that it was his judgment "that the story is cratic Party had prior knowledge of the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations. Sat­ true and explosive." Seeming to answer a Watergate break-in and bugging. isfied that Woolston··Smith had reliable in­ question from Stewart about whether Wool­ formation, Haddad sent this letter to his ston-Smith wanted to be paid for continuing The AIM report contains a compilation friend Lawrence O'Brien, then Chairman of his investigation, Haddad wrote: "Yes, he of evidence which I feel my colleagues the Democratic National Committee, on did want to cover expenses.... " Haddad should take note of, and for their benefit March 23, 1972: said: Instead of pursuing this with money, attach the text: "I am hearing some very dJsturbing stories I decided to see what a good investigative 4728 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1976 reporting operation could do with it now. So gate that he would admit tha.t and then By strange coincidence, Anderson had a I went ahead a.long these lines. If they draw only as a possibility. Stewart also had trouble very close friend in the Cuban community a. bla.nk, I'll be back to you on how to pro­ remembering the letter Had.dad. had sent to who knew a great deal about the Watergate ceed, and I'll keep you informed." him dated April 28, right after the meeting matter. He was Frank Sturgis, a member of Haddad testified that he made copies of in New York. The letter characterized Wool· the burglary teMn who was caught in the all the material in his file and sent it to col­ ston-Smith's story as "true and explosive," Watergate on June 17. Anderson went per­ umnist Jack Ande1·son with a. covering letter. but Stewart had no recollection of ever hav­ sonally to the Washington, D.C. jail to see Strangely, neither Anderson nor Had.dad ing seen it, even though he was sure that he Sturgis as soon as he heard of the Watergate could locate any copies of the material Had· must have. arrests. In fact he got there before the jailers dad sent or of the letter. It had all mysteri· Stewart insisted. repeatedly that his only even had Stmrgis's correct name. He was still ously vanished. Haddad says he sent Ander­ meeting with Woolston-Smith was after booked under the alias he used, Anderson· son his "file," everything he had. Anderson Watergate. He claims to have forgotten about testified, and he had a ha.rd time finding him. said all he received was a. one-page letter. him, but after the burglary he recalled hiS Anderson said he leairned of Sturgis's arrest warning. He had his assistant find his name from the papers, and this would suggest that WHAT WAS DONE and number and give him a call. He arranged the press had printed his correct name before Having been warned that there were plans t o meet him in New York, together with the jailers became aware of it. afoot to bug their offices, did the Democrats Haddad. Anderson tried to get Sturgis released to notify the police, have the office swept for While Haddad and Woolston-Smith fre­ his custody, but he did not succeed. He bugs, hire a night watchman, or even ask the quently gave the impression of being fuzzy visited him at his home in Miami while Stur­ staff to take precautions? and less than candid in their testimony, gis was out on bail, and he also testified that The a.nswer is that they did none of these. Stewart seemed to go to unusual lengths to he had telephone contacts with him during Officials have given various explanations for downplay his meetings and conversations that period. On the eve of Sturgis's trial, An­ the seeming total lack of reaction to the with Haddad and Woolston-Smith. His testi­ derson was at the Arlington Towers Apart­ warning. Stanley Griegg, then Deputy Chair· mony was so lacking in credibility that one ment one night while the Cubans were dis­ man of the National Committee, said that is bound to wonder what he was afraid of. cussing whether they should plead guilty. John Stewart had told him that Woolston• Would an admission that they took the ad­ Anderson testified that he did not participate Smith had warned that there might be elec­ vance warning seriously be so damaging? in that discussion, but from time to time one tronic survemance and possibly brea.klng and The answer is probably yes. If they took of the participants would emerge and report entering, but that what he said was very the warning seriously, they would have had to him on what was happening. He offered to fragmentary. Griegg said he told Stewart that to have known more aibout the source of the bring Sturgis's Wife to Washington and have he could not conceive of the opposition con­ information. No one has been willing to come her stay in his home. He visited Sturgis twice cluctlng that type of campaign. He said he up with a credible story about how Haddad in the Rockville, Md. jail. He stayed in con­ told him that they did not have money to and Woolston-Smith managed to assemble tact with Sturgis's attorney after Sturgis was hire guards or buy sophisticated security such accurate information in advance. sent to prison in Danbury, Conn. All of this is equipment. Thompson and his staff were strongly in· based on Anderson's sworn testimony. They took great pains to create the impres­ clined to suspect some leak from the CIA. Why this intense interest in Frank Sturgis? sion that they did not really take the warn­ Or did they have access to information Anderson said he was trying to get an ex­ ing too seriously, and that they could not obtained by electronic surveillance? Or was clusive story. He was trying to find out what afford protective measures. No one seems to there a double agent within the ranks of the Sturgis was up to at the Watergate. have asked why they did not complain to the CRP group? Suspicions have fallen on Mc­ But actually Jack Anderson published very authorities, but the answer would probably Cord, who bungled the break-in, confessed little in his column about Watergate. Despite have been that they lacked ha.rd evidence of to Judge Sirica and ended up serving very his unique connection with Fra.nk Sturgis, any crime. However, the fact was that they little time in jail. They have fallen on he seems to have contributed nothing to the did have evidence of crimes. Mr. Griegg testi· another member of his team, Alfred Baldwin, breaking of the Watergate story. Indeed, the fied that the office had been broken into and the lookout man who was never prosecuted. first column that he wrote on the subject documents and checks stolen in the first Baldwin was a flop as a lookout, and he was that we were able to find was not published week of Ma.y. On another occasion there had also the source of extensive information until August 25, 1972, more than two months been an unsuccessful attempt to force the about the Watergate operation that provided after the break-in. It dealt with funds used locks. Under these circumstances, total inac• the basis for a press conference by Larry to finance the bugging having been traced to O'Brien on September 7, 1972, according to a Minnesota businessman who had also been tion with regard to the bugging warning Fred Thompson's book. Thompson was in­ would be strange. No one has admitted it, a financial backer of Hubert Humphrey. That clined to doubt that Baldwin was a double 1s not the sort of thing Sturgis would have but it is conceivable that a search was made agent only because he had done so many for bugs and that one was found in Larry known about. things that risked compromising the opera­ 1972 1973, O'Brien's office. The break-in on June 17 was In December and January made because that bug was not functioning tion. Anderson did publish three columns about Finally, if the DNC took the warning the pressure on the defendants to plead properly. Perhaps it did not die a natural guilty. and he intimated that they might death. seriously, it would be harder to explain why no obvious defense measures were taken. reveal. embarrassing secrets if they did not ELATION AFTER BREAK-IN Woolston-Smith did not accept the idea that get more help. This appears to have been the Woolston-Smith testified that the DNC's there was no money for security. He pointed only journalistic harvest Anderson reaped interest in his information continued right out that field force meters could have been from all his attention to Sturgis. up to the time of the June 17 break-in. He acquired to detect bugs at little cost. He said he was in regular telephone contact with DID ANDERSON MISS THE BOAT? noted that while the committee was saying Anderson's unusual reticence in the treat­ John Stewart-once or twice a week. He said it could not afford money for security, it was his last discussion before the break-in was ment of the Watergate story raises an intrigu­ spending $45,000 for a motor launch as a gift. ing question. Was he quiet because he knew along the line of "something is about to hap· His conclusion was that they had a plan to pen." He also said that after the break-in so little, or was he quiet because he knew let t he bugging take place and capitalize on so much? Stewart called him and was "elated." Asked it. what he was elated about, Woolston-Smith If he had heard in the spring of Cuban THE ANDERSON ANGLE involvement in the bugging plans, Sturgis said: ''Elated that we had more or less called Haddad, as we noted above, says he turned it the way it happened." would have been the logical person to whom his file on the bugging plans over to Jack he would have turned for information. When asked to elaborate further, Woolston Anderson, expecting that he would be able Anderson testified that the first he knew of Smith said: "This enthusiasm seemed to to develop more detailed information. Ander­ Sturgis's involvement in the Wate1·gate bug­ have been, well, we may not have this elec­ son admitted that he received some informa­ ging was when he read his name in ~he paper tion, but boy, we have got them in real great tion from Had.dad in an article he published Qfter the arrests. But he also testified that position." He said this was because Stewart in Parade magazine July 22, 1973, a little he had, by chance, met Sturgis at National thought there was definite involvement of more than a year after the break-in. He also Airport in Washington, D.C. on June 16, 1972, the Committee to Re-elect the President. He mentioned it in a book he wrote. as Sturgis was arriving from Miami to par­ added: "They are expecting the newspapers Anderson claimed that he was not able to ticipate in the break-in. to develop it.'' develop any information on the basis of what This was an innocent chance encounter, John Stewart pai11ted a very different pic­ Haddad had given him. He claimed he ran the way he described it. But there was a ture. According to his testimony, his contact into a stone wall and just dropped the mat­ question about why Mr. Anderson was at the with Woolston-Smith was extremely limited, ter. Unfortunately neither Anderson nor airport. Here is how the testimony went. and he really obtained no defi11itive informa­ Haddad produced the documents tha;t Had­ Q: And were you at the airport to travel tion from him. He indicated that he had dad says he sent to Anderson. Haddad says yourself, you were leaving town? only one telephone conversation with him that he would have given him everything he A: Yes, I was on my way to keep an engage· before Watergate. He could not remember any had. That would have included the name of ment in Cleveland. meeting with him prior to June 17. It was McCord. It would have included information Q: A speaking engagement? only when he was told that the others had about CUban involvement, if, indeed, that A: Yes. testified that Stewart had met with Haddad, information had not originated with Ander­ Q: Where was that? Woolston-Smith and Winter prior to Water- son, as Woolston-Smith seemed to think. A: Cleveland. Febt·uary 26, 1976 · EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4729 Q: Where in Cleveland? Howard Baker thought there was nothing to his hair, setting on his feet with lawn A: I do not recall. I have been to Cleveland the story. That collfl.icts with what Fred chairs, beating him in the back, it only three or four times to speak. We have a very 'r'hompson says, and he was close to Senator took a few minutes before the hecklers enterprising paper there, the Cleveland Press, Baker. and they are always arranging speaking en­ An investigative reporter for The Washing­ decided the battleline was just too much gagements for me. ton Star expressed amazement and interest for them, so they sank back into the A spokesman for the Cleveland Press denied when the story was outlined to him, but he crowd and gave up. Only then did the that it had sponsored or arranged for a reported back that his editors had dismissed ladies settle back down to hear President speaking engagement for Mr. Anderson in it as "old stuff." He could not say when The Ford. Elsie and Parker Stuart, Louise June 1972, or at any other time. A search of Star had ever said a word about it. Emerson, and an unidentified lady were their files did reveal that Mr. Anderson had A reporter for The New Yorlc Times re­ the heroes of the sea of gray attack and spoken in Cleveland on June 1, 1972, at the acted similarly. He was very excited about the Park Synagogue. The Cleveland Press had story, especially since he had ;ust written a are to be commended for their action in ca1Tied a big story about the affair on June 2. story about Bill Haddad getting a. new job quietly remedying the situation without But there was no similar evidence of a speech for the New York State Legislature which in­ any major damage to anyone other than by Mr. Anderson in Cleveland on June 16 volved investigating such things as electronic the fact that Elsie lost the heel of one of or soon thereafter. If Mr. Anderson did not surveillance. But his interest apparently her good green pumps. have a speaking engagement in Cleveland on waned quickly. The New York Times owns I commend them for standing up and June 16, why did he say that he did? Why Quadrangle, the publisher of Fred Thomp­ protecting their own rights to hear the did he say the Cleveland Press arranged for son's book. That gave them access to the the speech? What was he doing at National galley proofs of the book and the right to President of the United States speak. It Airport that day? Those are questions the a scoop on any news it might contain. Not appears to me that since little has been Ervin Committee investigators did not get only has The Times not done a news story done officially to protect the rights of around to asking. on the book, but as we go to press it has not the majority who attend functions to The mystery deepens when one notes that even published a review of it. (The same hear speakers, the people are taking into The Washington Post of June 22, 1972, quoted iS true of The Washington Post). their own hands the task of remedial Anderson as saying that he "happened to News is what the editors decide is news. action. I call the attention of my col­ bump into Sturgis at the airport just several As with Senator Goldwater's story about leagues to the article and believe they days before the bugging incident." Asked KGB activities on Capitol Hill, the editors about this on a Washington television pro­ seem to have decided with virtual unanimity ·will find it most interesting. gram, Mr. Anderson stuck to the June 16th that the "prior knowledge" side of Watergate [From the St. Petersburg Times, date for the encounter and denied that he shall not be treated as news. It may be in­ Feb. 26, 1976] had ever given a different date. teresting. It may be intriguing. It may be of IN THIS SEA OF GREY, IT'S NOT WISE 1·0 R OCK The June 22nd article discussed a column historical importance. But news it is not. The THE PRESIDENTIAL BOAT Anderson had published two days before that Times, The Post, the wire services, the net­ (By Dudley Clendinen) had carried highly confidential information works and the news magazines have so de­ about the expense accounts of Lawrence creed. In a moment of inspired conservative vio­ lence, four little old ladies and a silver­ O'Brien, Chairman of the Democratic Na­ It is an illustration of a point Leopold tional Committee. It stated that a spokesman Tyrmand makes in his provocative article, haired gent in a good club tie attacked a mountainous young radical whose bellows for the Committee said the information in "Media Shangri-La," in the winter 1975 issue the column could only have come from a file of Americar. Scholar. He writes: were interrupting President Ford's speech in that was missing from the Committee's head­ "It took the bloody atrocities of the totali­ Williams Park Saturday morning, thrashed him soundly, destroyed his banner and drove quarters at the Watergate. Democratic of­ tarian movements to enforce the unanimity him from the crowd. ficials also noted Anderson's close ties to of their communication system in the name Frank Sturgis. Anderson denied that the in­ of faith and orthodoxy. The American media Politics and questions of due process aside, formation had been provided by Sturgis. achieved like-mindedness by entrenching it was a stirring sight to behold, a moment that will quicken the arteries of the elderly THE PRESS DOES NOT PRESS themselves as a separate power in the name here for some time. Fred Thompson titled his chapter on the of freedom and variety of opinion. This cartel It came in the middle of Ford's speech, on prior knowledge aspect of Watergate, "Un­ of solid, preordained thinking is a threat to a calm, bright morning, to perhaps the answered Questions." Some of the un­ democracy, all the worse because it occurs in largest geriatric gathering of the presidential its name, speckled with bogus paraphernalia, answered questions he listed were these: campaign, a crowd of more than 10,000 of the democratic in word but not in spirit." 1. Did McCord deliberately leave the tape city's grey-haired elder citizens and winter on the door? visitors, jammed shoulder to shoulder to lis­ 2. Did someone alert Shoftler (one of the ten to their President stand four-square for arresting officers who was voluntarily working Social Secu1·ity. overtime when the call about the Watergate SEA OF GRAY It began as a political protest to call atten­ break-in came over the radio) ? tion to the plight of former University of 3. Did the information pass from Sturgis to Florida teacher Robert Canney, who was con­ Anderson to Haddad to the DNC, or had the HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG victed for resisting arrest in an anti-war rally offices of the November Group been bugged, in another city park five years ago. But the with information from conversations of Mc­ OF FLORIDA protesters had picked the wrong audience. Cord or Liddy, or both, combined with Had­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Immediately it became a clash between dad's "other sources" to put the story to­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 young and old, between the different political gether before June 17? manners of two generations spread 50 years 4. Or was it some combination of these Mr. YOUNG of Flo1·ida. Mr. Speaker, apart. It ended in a riot. things? an article in the St. Petersburg Times It was the young man and his partner 5. And why had Jack Anderson been so Sunday, February 15, 1976, carried the holding the banner who broke the respectful mysteriously quiet? silence of the crowd. But in their outrage at headlines "In This Sea of Grey, It's Not such a breach of decorum, it was the kindly, Thompson said: "We agreed that we had Wise To Rock the Presidential Boat." rock-ribbed Republican elderly, gentle ladies come close but that we had fallen short. To During Pl.·esident Ford's visit to St. Pe­ and a gentleman all, who turned violent in borrow still another Watergate expression, tersburg some hecklers tried unsuccess­ an instant. we had been unable to find the smoking gun The cries of "Shame" and "Quiet" from in anyone's hands." fully to disrupt the speech and make it difficult for the thousands attending to the crowd nearby turned to cheers as the True enough. But the major missing in­ ladies bent to their task. Veteran reporters gredient was the la.ck of interest on the part hear the President's remarks. People ob­ of the national press corps and a number of of the press. Thompson's small staff was not viously are getting tired of this kind of policemen turned their backs on the Presi­ up to pursuing every lead and forcing a re­ tactic, and in this particular case, four dent to see the fray. The police consulted conciliation of every contradiction. They let elderly ladies and a silver-haired gentle­ their walkie-talkies and kept their distance the matter drop, with many intriguing ques­ man in a club tie and blue blazer took it and syndicated political columnist Roland tions unanswered, "and with a gnawing feel­ upon themselves to squelch the hecklers. Evans, stooped in conversation nearby with ing in our stomachs." The ladies in gi·ay beat the heckler with a green-sweatered old man, stood and The investigative reporters who pursued 90 watched in rapt amusement, a smile :flicking other Watergate stories so doggedly, showed his own banner, a lady of pounds took at the outline of his mouth. no interest in probing :tor the answers to on the task of quieting the heckler-all "The nature of a civilization's advanoo can Thompson's questions. Indeed, they had no 250 pounds of him. be measured in the treatment of its senior interest in even reporting the existence of The young man was bewildered that citizens," said the President from the band­ the questions. A reporter !or The WasMngton he was being subdued by a group of shell. Post told us that he had not pursued. the silver-haired ladies and a distinguished Evans, who has heard all this before, was matter because he understood that Sena.tor looking gent at 75. They were pulling more interested in how many of these Repub· 4730 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1976 licans listening to Ford preferred Ronald and blue blazer, the husband of the woman It has been gratifying to me that Repub .. Reagan. "Any Reagan supporters .a.round who had pulled out his hair. licans and Democrats in the House and Sen­ here?" Evans asked the man in the green Spectacles flaishing, the silver-haired gent ate have co-sponsored legislation to elimi.. sweater. iassumed the On Guard position, and threw nate some of the weaknesses in this costly Unaccustomed to such lightning political a punch at the mountainous young man, federal program. Citizens from throughout assessments, the old man shifted on the pad whose face began to assume a look of crazed the country are recognizing the fraud, he had placed on the hard wooden bench. disbelief. abuses, and skyrocketing costs in this pro­ "Nooo," he said, staring toward the middle "Free Bob Canney" he yelled in defiance. gram and are demanding action from their distance. That did it for Elsie Stuart. She bent down. elected representatives to make major "Not any Reagan supporters?" Evans stepped out of one of her good, green pumps changes to cut back food stamps. persisted. and began to beat him on the back with the The fact is that the food stamp program "Nooo," said the man, a little wide-eyed in heel of her shoe. has become the fastest growing welfare pro­ thought. "I think it's time people stopped running gram at the federal level and the program has "Where do you come from?" Roland Evans down America," the President said from the been plagued with a whole series of wasteful aslced. · bandshell. aspects adding to the costs and the number "I'm from St. Pete," said the man. The mountainous young man and his part­ of recipients receiving food stwmps. Off to the right, two young men in blue ner gave up and sank back through the A mere patchwork approach will not solve denim pushed their way through an a...c::sort­ crowd. The yells grew softer and then died the problem. Fundamental reforms must be ment of little old ladies in necklaces, canes away. made if we are to utilize this federal assist­ and umbrellas, and raised up their banner. Louise Emerson resumed her seat, and ance program to help the truly needy while "Free Bob Canney," it said. when Elsie Stuart put her shoe back on, she ending abuses and providing relief for the "Free Bob Canney," bellowed the moun­ discovered she'd broken the heel. taxpayers. tainous young man later identified afl Ronnie Afterward, St. Petersburg Police Chief Food stamps began as an experiment in Lowe. Mack Vines was philosophical about the the early 1960's costing about fourteen mil­ President Ford looked toward the noise, matter of the constitutional right Ose greater self­ President, a . Congregational Ininister in Con.. people, hardening the arteries of our national discipline upon ourselves and desist in over­ necticut included Jefferson in his prayers be­ life, affecting our capacity to think and to playing unbridled freedom. Liberty is at the fore his Sunday congregation. "0 Lordi" he reason, st1·aining the heartbeat of this people. heart of America., but absolute liberty is intoned, "wilt Thou bestow upon the Vice­ God knows, there is widespread social dis­ anarchy and ultimately tyranny. "The abso­ President a double portion ot Thy grace, for integration, corruption, immorality. Vulgar­ lute freedom of one man," it has been said, Thou knowest he needs it." Could it be that ity seems to be the highest level to which "me·ans the serfdom of another." A noted his­ om· prayers should be so burdened, beseech­ many aspire in their minds, if not their torian of ancient Greece brings to our atten­ ing God at this juncture to give us a double mouths. Cheapness, crudity, coarseness are tion, this: "When the freedom they wished portion of his grace, because "Thou knowest in the saddle, while loyalty, steadfastness, for most was freedom from responsibility, tee need it."? and principle have been thrown. Violence is then Athens ceased to be free and was never A parallel has been noted between our pres­ almost the American way of life, and our free again." "A life without self-discipline ent condition as a nation and that of im­ citizens are armed to the teeth because they is not worth living," and a society without perial Rome as it moved toward its demise. no longer trust society to protect them. It's self-discipline cannot survive. Earlier this month scholars gathered at the been suggested we ought to say less about our Third, we need greater understanding of Woodrow Wilson International Center in Gross National Product and more about our the importance of law in a civlllzed eoeiety. Washington. They reftected upon Edward Product of National Grossness! Of course ln Law is all that stands between ws and. sav­ Gibbon's great work, the first volume of one way, we've gone Rome one better. We've agery, butchery, and barbarism. It ls life at 4732 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Feb'ruary 2 6, 19 7 6

the mercy of the mob. Law orders the traffic AMNESTY WEEK Wh ereas: Our Prisoners of War have r~ of life so that everyone might have a chance. t urned; and The protection of law, imperfect though it Whereas: The United States has given ref­ may be, is the monumental achievement of HON. MICHAEL HARRI NGTON u ge to 100,000 Vietnamese; and the centuries-of ancient Rome, of the OF M:ASSACHUSETTS Whereas: Many hundreds of thousands of Magna Carta and Common English Law, of Americans and their families still suffer the the Decla;ration of Independence, the Con­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES effects of that war either by separations or stitution, and the Blll of Rights. Thursday, February 26, 1976 social stigma; and Destroy it, and centuries of struggle and Whereas: Throughout our 200 year his­ achievement Will go down the drain. So Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I tory amnesty has been declared after wa.rs treasure it. Honor it. Uphold it. It's the price think most of us in Congress and in the in which Americans have fought; and of a civilized world! Nation at large have come to regard our Whereas: President Nixon was pardoned Fourth, we need a greater civic sense as involvement in Vietnam as a tragic error for acts committed while serving as Presi­ over against the excessive emphasis upon me of monumental proportions. Whether f.or dent; and and mine. This is statesmanship, with pragmatic or for moral reasons, we now Whereas: The wounds of that war will be everyone a statesman. It means a larger vi­ realize that Vietnam was one of the healed, and we will remember those who have sion and a longer view. It means an overrid­ perished and seek peace with those who ing concern for what we call back in Massa­ United States most unfortunate adven­ remain; chusetts the Commonwealth. It means tures. The cost was enormous, the cause Now, therefore, I, Michael S. Dukakis, Gov­ striving for a just society, a compassionate dubious, and the execution disastrous. ernor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, society, a sane society in which everyone has But now the question arises, who paid do hereby proclaim the week of February 22- a chance. The disparity between the rich and for our national mistake? 29, 1976, as "Amnesty Week" and urge all the poor in present-day America is an omi­ Obviously those who sacrificed their citizens of the Commonwealth to take cog~ nous sign. There is too little concern for oth­ lives were the primary victims. But an­ nizance of this event and to participate fit­ ers, too much for me and mine-my group, tingly in its observance. my type, my business, my neighborhood. "I other group paid and continues to pay a tremble for my country," wrote Thomas Jef­ staggering price: the American military ferson concerning slavery, "when I reflect and civilian war resisters. Is it possible that God is just; that his justice cannot that we are persecuting the very people SUMNER PIKE, STATESMAN sleep forever." We need a broader and greater whose actions of conscience finally civic sense transcending our private inter­ ests. awakened the Nation? We owe our even­ Fifth, we need a greater love for our coun­ tual disentanglement in part to these HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN try-yes, patriotism-as opposed to what ap­ people, but ironically we have burdened OF MAINE pears to be the prevailing attitude just now them with exile, prison sentences, and IN T HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES most accurately, if somewhat indelicately, that lingering stigma, the less-than­ described as "Who the hell cares?" It's true, honorable discharge. That we acknowl­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 things have happened in recent years to give edge they were right but persecute them Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, funeral patriotism a bad name. There has been an inexcusable dereliction of duty throughout anyway is a national disgrace. services were held in Lubec, Maine, Tues"'.' the ranks. This has given rise to national On September 16, 1974, President Ford day for Sumner T. Pike, former member self-criticism; but self-criticism is one thing, proclaimed a program of limited clem­ of the Securities and Exchange Commis­ suicide ls another. Said someone of enormous ency for some of those who resisted the ion, an original member of the Atomic wisdom: "I ain't much, but I'm all I've got." war. Citing a "national commitment to Energy Commission, and the beloved Apply that to our nation. We've made our justice and mercy," the President said he elder statesman of Washington County, mistakes, but our nation, our country, our would throw the weight of his office "on Maine. republic is all we've got. It deserves our de­ votion, a hea1·t-warming sense that ''This the side of leniency" in the hope that Mr. Pike, who passed away over the land is my land, this land is your land." At such action would "bind up the Nation's weekend at the age of 84, served a dozen the Rocky River Post Office this past week, I wounds." years in Washington during the Roose­ overheard a postal clerk describe the ten­ Unfortunately, the President's concep­ velt and Truman administrations. But he cent stamps he had in stock. He said, "The tion of leniency required an admission of was at heart a Maine man, and when he American flag is all I've got." He spoke a guilt and 2 years of "alternative service"; returned to Maine in 1951, he was home greater truth than he knew! 82 percent of the very limited number of to stay. Sixth, we need a greater place in our lives In an interview with Washington cor­ for religious faith as the ordering, chasten­ resisters classified as eligible chose not to ing, empowering force of a free people. What accept this penance. And literally hun­ respondent Donald R. Larrabee last has taken over in recent times is a wishy­ di·eds of thousands of other resisters spring, Sumner Pike declared- washy, vague, relativism that holds nothing were not even extended the offer. The 1 never got infected with Washington· together. There's been no toughness to it. It's President's clemency program, however fever. If anything, I had a Washington al­ been limp and spineless and sentimental: well intended, has boiled down to feeble lergy. I always felt I was camping out there. faith without substance and without cost. lipservice which has reached no more Once back in Maine, Mr. Pike re­ We're needing morel We're needing a faith than 5 percent of Vietnam resisters. And that disciplines us and holds us up to our mained active in government, serving on best, the kind of faith our forefathers had even that 5 percent have been branded the Maine Public Utilities Commission as in mind when, in their wisdom, they spoke with a special form of punishment in chairman and in the State legislature. of the fear of the Lord I addition to the terms required by the Whatever his position, he remained a re­ These are the traits, the qualities of a President's program: the "clemency dis­ spected adviser to his Washington Coun­ healthy nation and a wholesome society that charge." Already the Arizona State Legis­ ty neighbors and State officials. America needs from us, now! lature has passed a law which bars hold­ Two years ago I viewed the remnants of ers of this "nonpunitive" release from Mr. Speaker, in fond memory of Sum­ Hadrian's Wall along the northern frontier ner Pike, I am inserting here an obituary of England. It was built by Emperor Hadrian publicly funded jobs, and other less than of Mr. Pike that appeared in the Bangor around the year 122. It marked the northern enlightened employers can be expected to Daily News, and the column Don Larra­ most edge of the vast empire, but Rome follow suit. Under the circumstances, bee wrote last spring after his visit with would go no further, and within the next few then, it would seem that the President's Mr. Pike. These stories tell not only what centuries Rome declined and finally fell. I program to "bind up the Nation's mused among those ruins: "Could a similar wounds" has been a fiasco. Sumner Pike did in his life, but who he fate await America?" I asked. was as well. The answer? It lies with a few perhaps-a In recognition of this intolerable situ­ The articles follow: few who are, a few who understand, a few ation, and as part of the ongoing struggle to [From t he Bangor (Maine) Daily News, May who persevere, a few never cease holding up truly heal the still festering wounds 31, 1975] the higher traits of a healthy nation and a of Vietnam, this week has been declared wholesome society. Following the Civil War, Amnesty Week by Governors and mayors THE REAL POWER the College of William and Mary was closed across the country. It is to my State's (By Donald, R. Larrabee) for seven years, but every morning President credit that the Honorable Michael Duka­ LUBEC .- Sumner Pike, elder statearnan Ewell rang the chapel bell. No matter, there kis is among them. His declaration and citizen of the world, sat in wonderful were no students. No matter, there was no follows: · · serenity looking out a window at the birds faculty. No matter, the abandoned buildings A PROCLAMATION-1976 who gather at his feeder constantly. we were leaked rain. President Ewell still rang the both 20 years younger when we last talked bell. America needs such today, need them (By Michael S. Dukakis) over dinner at the Metropolitan Club in now! America needs those who will ring the Whereas: The Indo-Chlna War has ended; Washington. He seemed even wiser now. bell for the best and the finest I and At 84, Sumner Pike is mentally as sharp February g6, 1076 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4733 as ever. It was a treat to reminisce in the liv­ anywhere in the world, we couldn't resist Maine to become part of the state govern­ ing room of the family home. I had come to asking Sumner Pike about the energy that ment scene. Washington County, first time ever, to give lies within reach. They've been talking about He was chairman of the Maine Public Utili ~ the commencement address at the University the Quoddy tidal power project since he was ties Commission from 1953 to 1956. He alsc.;) of Maine in Machias and to visit the Roose­ a young man. Did he think Quoddy would served on Gov. John Reed's Advisory Com­ velt Campobello International Park. Sumner ever become a reality? mittee on the Passamaquoddy Bay and St. Pike-all the Pikes-have contributed to the "We ought to keep it alive," he said, "but, John Hydroelectric Project, Gov. Clinton preservation of FDR's "Beloved Island" and no, I doubt if it will ever be built. With the Clausen's Committee on Atomic Develop­ to the beauty of this place. cost of oil as high as it is, that helps the ment, Gov. Edmund Muskie's Committee on In my talk at Machias, I noted that most benefit-cost ratio of the project but, of Interstate Cooperation and in numerous people in government are immersed in their course, you've got higher construction costs, consultant positions. own impOl"tance and it is the happy, success­ too. And the impact on the fisheries·is some­ Pike served two terms in the Maine Legis­ ful public figure who learns humility at the thing that will concern Canada, perhaps now lature in 1960 and 1964. Since 1964 he had start and somehow manages to keep it. The more than ever." been in retirement at his Lubec home at 2 best thing Washington-types can do is re­ Rad Pike remarked later that his brother Church St. mind themselves that the real power of seemed a bit too pessimistic about Quoddy. In retirement Pike continued to be active America lies not within the geographic Rad wouldn't write it off just yet. in various organizations such as the Ocean­ bounds of the Federal City but with the peo­ The jury also still seems to be out on a ographic Commission of the National Sci­ ple who live beyond it. refinery for the area-but the Pikes clearly ence Foundation and the Campobello Com­ Sumner knew power in Washington. He would just as soon not see it come to their mission. was there for a dozen years, on the Securities b : loved Bay. Sumner is slightly amused with Funeral services will be held Tuesday ~t and Exchange Commission and with the the heavy-almost complete-emphasis at the Christian Temple in Lubec. Atomic Energy Commission in its formative environmental hearings on the impact of period in the early years of the nuclear age. oil spills from such a project. We wondered if he missed all that excite­ "The Pitston people would bring in Mid­ ment. dle East oil for desulfurization. The refinery would emit a chemical which when mixed RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN "I never got infected with Washington EMPLOYMENT POLICIES fever," he replied. "If anything, I had a with the fogs around here would become sul­ Washington allergy. I always felt I was just furic acid and that would be sprayed all over camping out there." the countryside." HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS When he came back to Maine, Pike served Rad Pike winced at the thought. He has in the legislature, resisted temptation to found rare ferns and mosses, bushes and OF CALIFORNIA ~eek the governorship and found pleasure shrubs, blossoms and berries in the unique IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ecology of their homeland that would suffer in such pursuits as serving on the Interna­ Thursday, February 26, 1976 tional Campobello Commission. Along with possible extinction from the daily emissions Sen. Edmund S. Muskie and Franklin D. of such a refinery. Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, for the Roosevelt, Jr., he was appointed to the orig­ And it comes as a disturbing thought also to a first-time visitor who saw Spring come benefit of my colleagues I would like to inal Commission ten years ago. insert a statement into the RECORD made Last December, physically restricted from to the Nation's Capital a few weeks ago­ traveling far from home, he tendered his but never with anything like the beauty of by Carlton B. Goodlett, Ph. D., M.D., resignation to President Ford. Somehow, the its arrival in Washington County. The clean, president, National Newspaper Publish­ fact that he had resigned escaped public clear unspoiled grandeur of this garden spot ers-the Black Press of America, to notice last winter. Curtis Hutchins, Chair­ is worthy of the dedication of its native Clarence Kelly, Director of the Federal man of the Board of Dead River Co., was songs and daughters-the Pikes and their Bureau of Investigation on January 12 named to fill the vacancy. neighbors and friends. 1976: • Sumner unfolded a letter from President No wonder Sumner Pike never let Wash­ ington, D.C. get to him. He had Washington REMARKS BY CARLTON B. GOODLETT, PH. D., Ford: "The Commission has benefited greatly M.D. from your experience and judgment and I County to come back to-and preserve. Little am sure it will continue to benefit frdm your wonder, too, that FDR shed a tear when he Mr. Clarence Kelly, Director of the Fed­ counsel as a neighbor and friend of the realized he could no longer sail these waters eral Bureau of Investigation: Parli::." and tramp the woods, bogs and beaches of As President, National Newspaper Publish­ Of that, there can be no doubt. Sumner his "Beloved Island." ers Association-The Black Press of America, may not venture far from the old homestead we appreciate this historic meeting. My as­ but he has many ways to communicate his (From the Bangor (Maine) Daily News, sociates have indicated clearly the disparity ideas, not the least of which is through his Feb.23, 1976] between the FBI's performance and the man­ date of the Federal Equal Employment Op­ devoted brothers and his sisters who are all Ex-AEC CHAffiMAN, SUMNER PIKE, DEAD close enough to gather in the living room portunities statutes. We shall not repeat for "cocktails" every day at 5·. Sumner LUBEC.-Sumner Tucker Pike, former mem­ these data describing the FBI's racial doesn't indulge any more, but he enjoys the ber of the Securities and Exchange Commis­ discrimination in employment policies. fringe benefits. sion, chairman of the Atomic Energy Com­ 25 million Blacks-USA are the 26th largest We had the delightful experience of get­ mission under Harry S. Truman, and a for­ nation in the world with 158 other nations ting to know Radcliffe (Rad) Pike, roughly mer representative in the Maine legislature, having smaller populations. Blacks-USA are 72 and filled with the joy of living. Rad had died Feb. 20 at his home here. He was 84. more numerous than 33 of the 36 nations just returned from London where he con­ Pike was born in Lubec, attended Hebron comprising the North and South American ferred with fellow-naturalists and horticul­ Academy and was graduated from Bowdoin Con~inents, i.:. White-USA (186 million), turists .. He is an adviser on landscaping at College in 1913. He started courses at Harvard Brazil (91 milllon) and Mexico (45 million). the Umversity of New Hampshire and rank­ Business School, but as he put it "my money Black people· in the USA have long been ing authority on the flora and fauna of ran out just before the Harvard-Yale game." aware of the insensitivity and the evil atti­ Washington County and nearby Campobello. His career in finance and utilities began tude.of former FBI Director, J. Edgar Hoover, Rad was executive secretary of the Park when he signed on as a $50-a-month book­ in his repeated promulgation that the FBI Commission, now serves as naturalist con­ keeper for Stone and Webster, a light and was interested only in law and order and con­ sultant. power firm in Boston. sidered justice irrelevant. The long period of Another brother, Moses Pike, at 78, still During World War I he served as an artil­ covert and overt harassment and character operates the most successful sardine and fish lery officer and officer candidates instructor. assassination carried on by Hoover and the canneries in an area which has seen them Immediately following the war he sold gaso­ FBI were not unknown to knowledgeable go down the drain, one by one. He is active line station equipment in the southwest part blacks in the USA years prior to Watergate. in business, loves ice fishing and hunting. of the country. Blacks have always considered the FBI an Alger Pike, 76, is the gardener of the family He became associated with the securities institution established to maintain the status with a host of interests as varied as thos~ section of Continental Group Insurance in quo. However, with President Johnson's Re­ of his brothers. Sister Marjorie (Mccurdy) the early 1920s. In 1928 he joined an invest­ port on Civil Disorders (the Kerner Report), is 79-"just a girl," says Rad. ment firm, Pomeroy and Co. where he worked the nation's sickness, racism, was identi­ When Rad is away, Linnea Calder comes his way up to vice president and director. fied and defined for all times, for all US citi­ in to cook the meals and keep an eye on In 194Q, President Franklin D. Roosevelt zens to see, and the USA was identified as a appointed him to fill a vacancy on the Securi­ nation of two people, the white majority and things in the Lubec home. Mrs. Calder, who ties and Exchange Commission, a post Pike grew up in the Campobello world of the the black minority, separate and unequal. held until 1946. Blacks know that a racist society hones its Roosevelts where her mother was the house­ He returned to Lubec only to be called on keeper, is practically a member of the Pike every instrument, and especially its law en­ to serve as chairman of the newly formed forcement agencies, to respond to the man­ family. · ,Atomic Energy Commission by President Here at Passama-Quoddy Bay, where the dates of racism; even prior to the Kerner Re­ Harry Truman. After serving on the atomic port blacks knew the FBI was a microcosm tides move quickly and more powerfully than energy panel for fl ve years, Pike returned to of racism reflecting the endemic sickness of 4734 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 26, 1976 the nation. Many black visionaries and non­ This new covenant between the FBI and World Peace Council and the organiza­ pragmatists believed that the Kerner Re­ Black-USA is eagerly awaited. Such a dec­ tions which follow it.s lead promote port's diagnosis of racism as the national claration of conscience and principle by you malady would lead to constructive efforts to reassuring us that under your directorshtp peace-a Communist totalitarian state­ eliminate this cancerous condition from the the FBI will become an instrument dedicated when they promote the Vietcong, the body politic. _ to the proposition that justice must be the Khmer Rouge, the MPLA in Angola, or Eight post-Kerner Report years have dem­ umbrella under which law and order shall the aims of the Cuban-backed Puerto onstrated. that the nation still abounds prevail. As regards the enforcement of the Rican Socialist Party in this country. with racism, and the two groups, the white law, Black USA expects no special treatment; In the spring of 1975, with the with­ majority and the black minority, are more Black USA shall accept no less than equal drawal of U.S. support for the non-Com­ separate and more unequal. treatment. We demand that the FBI permit As a behavioral scientist and a physician, its deeds to approximate the na'tion's creeds. munist government.s in Southeast Asia, I know that racism, unattended, will destroy Only when blacks have seen manifesta­ the Soviet-controlled "peace movement" t he political organism as surely as cancer, tions of this new FBI will it be incumbent. in this country launched a drive to dras­ unattended, will destroy the human body. upon us, individually and collectively, as tically slash the defense budget with the As in medicine, radical measures, including spokesmen for 25 million blacks, to elevate excuse that America needed huge domes­ surgery, are needed to destroy cancer. Racism the FBI and its associat.ed law enforcement tic welfare spending programs, not over­ which afll.icts the white majority will re­ agencies to the high pedestal which it once seas bases. The Communist Party, U.S.A., quire such heroic measures. Unfortunately, occupied: a federal agency serving the inter­ CPUSA-administered U.S. section of the instruments of government--executive, ests of the people, to preserve the law, to legislative and judiciary-continue to reflect preserve order, under the mandate of justice. the World Peace Council held a Con­ endemic racism, covertly and overtly, in ference for a Drastic CUtback in Military every governmental act. Spending in April 1975, in Chicago, and Because of the revelations of misdeeds by set up a national center to promote that the FBI in the Watergate scandal, the assas­ goal in the WPC's New York offices sination of President Kennedy, collusions in ANTIDEFENSE LOBBYISTS TARGET staffed by CPUSA and WPC members the murder of Fred Hampton, the murder of CAPITOL HILL: THE AD HOC Pauline Royce Rosen and Frances four Black -Panther members in the Los Angeles and San Diego area, and the FBI COALITION FOR A NEW FOREIGN Bordofsky, also known as Fran Bordos. machinations against the "U.S." and the POLICY In June, 1975, the Ad Hoc Coalition for Panthers in Southern California, and the a New Foreign Policy, CNFP, operating collusion of the FBI with Southern mob from 110 Maryland Avenue, NE., Wash­ Klansmen in the Freedom Rides of the HON. LARRY McDONALD ington, D.C. 20002 202/546-8400 emerged 1960's-and more especially, J. Edgar Hoover's OF GEORGIA from the former Coalition to Stop Fund­ efforts of vilification and attempted charac­ ing the War with the goal "to keep the ter assassination of the late Martin Luther IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pressure on Congress during this key King, Jr. These events, and many crimes yet Thursday, February 26, 1976 undisclosed have led to a crisis in Black-USA, transition period for U.S. foreign policy." in its apperception of the continued role of Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. In their Legislative Update, dated the Federal Bureau of Investigation vis-a-vis Speaker, a coalition of radical left or· spring 1976, the Coalition for a New For­ Black-USA. ganizations which were for the most part eign Policy states: While we come to this meeting with an previously active in supporting the Viet­ The peace movement is consolidating its attitude of forbearance, the Black Press of namese Communist.s has shifted its focus forces for a major campaign to cut military America requests of you a fl.rm, clear, un­ spending and reorient U.S. foreign policy. equivocal stat.ement on the basic philo­ in line with changed conditions. Their In the past, peace activists have attempted sophioa.l direction and the organizational goal for 1976 .is to slash the U.S. defense to change specific foreign policies by attack­ procedures which the FBI plans to take in budget with an eye toward ending the ing their funding support in Congress. So it its efforts to build a renewed confidence and U.S. role as a world power counter· was with the Cambodia bombing cutoff trust in Black USA for the Federal Bureau of balancing the Soviet Union and t.oward amendment in 1973, and the series of anti­ Investigation. We demand a statement from establishing a new U.S. foreign policy aid amendments which cut almost a billion you that under your leadership the FBI will which would rule out any American in­ dollars out of Nixon's 1975 military assistance not be a continuing instrument of oppres­ tervention to assist our allies. request for Saigon. sion in a racist society against all black Now, instead of isolated policies, activists leaders, black organizations and ordinary My colleagues will no doubt l'ecall that must target broad foreign policy goals and black citizens who are determined to con­ the so-called "peace" and "disarmament" the entire military budget. In this way, the tinue the struggle against the blight of movement arose in the late 1940's at the momentum of recent victories can build and racism, which daily beclouds the black beginning of the Soviet Union's cold war contribute to an expanding peace movement. existence and experience, so as to eradicate of aggression against the non-Com· from the nation all economic racism, edu­ munist world. The Soviet strategists had The CNFP exactly parallels the cational racism, housing racism ~nd racism CPUSA's line in it.s front.sand in it.sown in the administration of justice. to devise ways of on the one hand nullify­ ing our atomic weapons advantage and editorials when they state: We await with some concern such a deftn1· preventing American and free world as­ The three issues of new foreign policy, cuts tive statement. The National Newspaper in military spending, and increased funding Publishers Association-The Black Press sistance t.o countries and governments for domestic programs are inextricably of America,-with 140-odd newspapers pub­ resisting Communist aggression, such as linked. They form the basis for a broad lished in more than 90-odd cities, offers to in Korea. movement which can unite many constit­ the FBI a vehicle by which your statement One of the countermeasures was the uencies which have traditionally not worked on these pressing matters might be conveyed development of a worldwide propaganda together. In this potential unity is the his­ to the black masses in the USA. As hereto­ apparatus under the control of the World toric opportunity for major change in the fore, we shall continue to sup.port the FBI direction of American foreign policy. in the exercise of its statutory mandated Peace Council-WPC. The WPC has used fm1ctions, and with renewed dedication we the specter of nuclear destruction to The "new allies" sought by the Coali­ shall concern ourselves in the monitoring manipulate pacifist, religious, and other tion for a New Foreign Policy are speci­ of activities of this important executive organizations to take a "better Red than fied as including some of the major agency. dead" position. At the same time, the unions, including those who have anti­ Moreover, through the Congressional Black WPC apparatus has denounced every communist socialists among their lead­ caucus we shall urge that the term of Di· nonnuclear American countermove to rector of the Federal Bureau of Investiga· ing officials. The CNFP feels that it.s calls tion shall be limited to a term of from 6 to Soviet-backed Communist appression as for major domestic spending programs 8 years, with nonreappointment, so that "imperialist" and "increasing the will attract support from the United the individual occupying the directorship of dangers of war." Auto Workers, Amalgamated Clothing the FBI will be beholden to no one, be they But then we all certainly recall that Workers, Textile Workers, United Steel­ President, or Members of Congress, or any the Marxist-Leninist.s believe that war workers, United Mine Workers, Ameri­ other powerful figures, but only to his own is the inevitable product of capitalism can Federation of State, County, and conscience and his or her will to develop a Municipal Employees, as well as the Federal Bureau of Investigation which re­ and that peace will only be achieved with flects in its deeds a dedication to the cause the destruction of the class society and CPUSA-dominated International Long­ of the people-that evil shall not thrive the imposition of the dictatorship of the shoremen's and Warehousemen's Union. amongst us. proletariat under communism. So the The coalition has directed its orga- February 26, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4735 nizers to approach "additional unions eliminate controversial weapons sys­ True, some of the shaky governments com­ that should be open to joining a local tems-B-1 bomber-and to alter ·costly pletely dependent on U.S. aid would col­ campaign" such as the American Federa­ foreign policies-aid to dictators." lapse; but that is on the agenda in any tion of Teachers, Building Trades Un­ On February 2, 1976, Earl C. Ravenal, event. ions, Communications Workers of Amer­ now a p1·ofessor at the Johns Hopkins CNFP states one of its chief goals is ica, the International Ladies Garment School of Advanced International Affairs heading off any further foreign military Workers Union, National Farmers Union, who was previously associated with Rich­ adventures-by which they mean any use Service Employees International Union, ard I. Barnet at the Institute for Policy of U.S. troops in a-ny part of the world Transport Workers Union, United Farm Studies, IPS, testified on behalf of the to assist our allies. CNFP characterizes Workers, and the CPUSA-dominated Ad Hoc Coalition for a New Foreign Pol­ its opponents as "those who pin their Hospital Workers Union, Local 1199. icy before the House Budget Committee. hopes for America's future on our ability The CNFP opportunists clearly show A swnmary of the Ravena! testimony to repress and control the turbulent their bias as they target new groups to prepared by the CNFP states: changes occurring all over the world." be brought into their campaign. Under rt is feasible, within five ye-ars, to con­ Clearly CNSS opposes U.S. assistance to the command, "join with community and sider a Pacific posture with no bases west non-Marxist governments resisting So­ public interest groups," the coalition of Guam and no military assistance to any viet, Chinese or Cuban backed subversion orders its local organizers: of our client states in Asia. In Europe, al­ though the process of disengagement neces­ and terrorism. In a world in which the A wide range of community and public sarily will be more delicate, all 200,000 troops United Nat.ions forum hails terrorists as interest groups oppose the squandering of could be withdrawn and deactivated over a "fighters for national liberation," in a scarce resources on foreign military adven­ ten-year period. tures and an expanding military budget. They world in which the U.S.S.R. and its satel­ know that only when we rid ourselves of the For Ravena! and his cohorts, American lites finance and train terrorists in many · present interventionist foreign policy will allies are mere "client states," and no countries and send brigades to conquer Americans begin to focus on problems at doubt the "delicacy" of a total American Angola for the local Communist guerrilla home. · withdrawal from Europe is due to what movement, the United States certainly The CNFP then lists as "among those CNFP members term "outmoded anti­ needs to be able to exercise when neces­ most likely to be interested" in joining communism" of American and European sary control over turbulent changes. leaders. The spring campaign by the Coalition them: for a New Foreign Policy calls for first Black and Minority Organizations Ra venal and the CNFP call for cutting Environmental and Consumer Groups "only an additional 860,000" U.S. troops. pressuring the House and Senate Budget Public Interest Research Groups This would be a cut of over 40 percent Committees "to increase domestic pro­ PTA's, School Boards and Teachers Asso­ of the total U.S. defense force. The Soviet grams and decrease military spending.'' ciations Union currently has 4.4 million men in The CNFP "activist strategy" directive League of Women Voters its armed services and the number has states: NOW (National Organization for Women) Pressure Armed Services and other relevant Chapters been steadily increasing despite the criti­ cal labor shortage in the U.S.S.R. committees to lower their spending esti­ Senior Citizens Clubs mates to be submitted to Budget committees. Food Cooperatives, Health and Day Care Ravenal asserts that the massive U.S. Cente• disarmament would save $12 billion and The coalition also has a program call­ Welfare Rights and Tenants Groups that "$4% billion would come from the ing for local CNFP supporters to send Chambers of Commerce complete withdrawal of all U.S. forces delegations t-0 our district offices during Kiwanis, Lions and Rotary Clubs. from Korea, and termination of military the April recess and to organize for ftoor The coalition also has targeted local assistance to the Park regime." Total U.S. amendments to the first budget resolu­ political figures who are looking for mas­ withdrawal from South Korea and com­ tion "aimed at lowering ceiling on mili­ sive Federal funding to help them out of plete cessation of economic and military tary spending.'' financial difficulties as potential allies. assistance to the South Korean people is After recess, the coalition intends to being supported by a number of U.S. The coalition states that it is a lobby­ organize telephone and telegraph cam­ ing effort "by national religious, social groups which exhibit a pro-North Korean paigns from local "community and or­ bias. ganizational leaders." They state: action, education and peace organiza­ One of these, the Center for Defense tions" which intends "to insure that Con­ Generate pressure as your Congressperson Information, a project of the Fund for to support fioor amendments to eliminate or gress recognizes the widespread grass Peace which also runs the Center for delay particular weapons systems (B-1 Bomb­ roots sentiment supporting a funda­ National Security Studies, a project do­ er, Trident, ·AWACS) and reduce troop levels mentally new foreign policy." ing its best to destroy the intelligence abroad. . Despite the fact that the Ad Hoc Co­ agencies, is calling for U.S. detente with alition for a New Foreign Policy is pri­ The CNFP lists its staff and partici­ the North Korean Communists and as­ pating organizations as including: marily a lobbying organization, it ad­ serting that any new North Korean at­ vertises the fact that the United Method­ Administrative Committee: Co-chairper­ tack on South Korea should be viewed sons: Edward F. Snyder, Friends' Committee ist Church Board of Church and So­ as purely Korean and "be separated as on National Legislation; Joyce Hamlin, ciety is acting as a tax deductible con­ much as possible from great power in­ United Methodist Board of Global Ministries, duit for contributions. volvement." And this as if Kim n Sung Women's Division. The CNFP asks: could exist without Soviet and Chinese Ira Arlook, Campaign for a Democratic How can we forge a successful national support. Foreign Policy. campaign to reorient U.S. foreign policy and The object of the Coalition for a New Carol Clifford, Friends' of Indochina Or­ substantially cut the bloated military Foreign Policy is clear. They ·note that ganizing Committee. budget? Sanford Gottlieb, SANE. our drastically reduced military stance John Isaacs, Americans for Democratic As we learned during the last two years "would force the United States to rely Action. of the Indochina war, we must surface the on other means for exerting its influence progressive tforeign policy sentiment of mil­ Don Luce, Clergy and Laity Concerned. lions of Americans and focus that sentiment internationally.'' John McAuliff, American Friends Service The coalition notes that if we dis­ Committee. on Washington. When Congress votes on Legislative Committee: national spending priorities in the First armed "friendship and trade would be­ come possible with a large number of Jacqui Chagnon, Vietnamese American Budget Resolution (April 26-May 15). every Reconciliation Center. Member must know that the American peo­ countries which we are presently at­ Carol Clifford, Friends of Indochina Or­ ple support a new foreign policy that will, in tempting to isolate as a result of existing ganizing Committee. turn, "allow" for a major reduction in mili­ foreign policy." No doubt CNFP refers tary spending and a transfer of funds to John Isaacs, Americans for Democratic domestic programs. to such Communist nations as Cuba~ Action. Vietnam, Cambodia, North Korea, and so Gary Porter, Indochina Resource Center. CNFP states that having achieved forth. Edward F. Snyder, Friends, Committee on "unity within the peace movement Then with a fine sense of the Marxist­ National Legislation. around a common sti.·ategy," the activists Leninist theory of "inevitable progress of Edith Villastrlgo, Women Strike for Peace. will "put more pressure on Congress to socialism," the CNFP notes: Staff: Jack Nicholl, Brewster Rhoads. 4736 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE March 1, 1976 Representatives of the following orga.niza... REVENUE SHARING SHOULD BE tions are cooperating in the program: about 15 percent of all Federal aid to Action for World Community. RENEWED State and local governments. American Ethical Union. Any discontinuance of these funds American Friends' Service Committee. would have a devastating impact. Essen­ American Humanist Association. HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK tial projects and services would either Americans for Democratic Action. OF OHIO have to be discontinued or funded Bach Mai Hospital Relief Fund. through higher taxes and/or increased Business Executives Move for New National IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES indebtedness. Some units of government Priorit ies. Thursday, February 26, 1976 Campaign for a Democratic Foreign Policy. would be pushed toward financial chaos. Church of the Brethren. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, in 1972 In short, the question in many cases Clergy and Laity Concerned. our Nation initiated the general revenue boils down to one of solvency or bank­ Disciples of Christ, Department of Church sharing program. This program was en­ ruptcy. and Society. acted in recognition of the fact that the Revenue sharing has also made it pos­ Episcopal Peace Fellowship. Federal Government had grown too pow­ sible for State and local governments to Friends' Committee on National Legisla· erful at the expense of State and local hold down taxes. Some governing units tion. to Friends of Indochina Organizing Com• units of government. Its purpose was to have been able avoid new tax increases mittee. transfer money and decisionmaking or even make tax reductions as a result Indochina Mobile Education Project. away from the Federal level and back to of the program. This is especially bene­ Indochina. Resource Center. the local level. ficial to the overburdened property Jesuit Conference, Office of Social Min­ Under this program approximately $6 owner, who has had to endure the crush­ istries. billion in Federal tax receipts is distrib­ ing weight of high property taxes. Mennonite Central Committee, Peace Sec• uted annually to State and local govern­ One further point deserves mention. tion. It is essential that when Congress ex­ National Council of Churches. ments. Between January of 1972 and National Student Association. January of 1976, more than $23 billion tends revenue sharing thait it avoid Network. was disbursed to about 39,000 State and placing crippling restrictions on how the Peace and Justice Committee, Leadership local units of governments throughout money is spent. Conference of Women Religious Resource the United States. A key aspect of the program is its flexi­ Center, United Methodist Office for the Very few restrictions are placed on the bility. The money is spent as the people United Nations. expenditure of these funds. Consequently and their elected representatives think SANE. State and local governments have great best. It would be tragic if the program Union of American Hebrew Congregations. became loaded down with a host of Fed­ Unitarian Universa.llst Association. flexibility in deciding where best to United Church of Christ, Center for Social spend the money. This is as it should be. eral restrictions. Specific requirements Action. Unfortunately general revenue shar­ as to how the money will be spent are United Methodist Board of Global Minis­ ing now faces extinction. Unless Con­ inappropriate and would destroy the pro­ tries, Women'& Division. gress approves new legislation, the pro­ gram's flexibility. United Methodist Church, Board of Church gram will expire at the end of the year. Some liberal Congressmen apparently and Society. This would have serious repercussions. believe they are the only ones who are United Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. Revenue sharing has proven it.self to capable of establishing spending priori­ Vietnamese American Reconciliation Cen­ ter. be extremely valuable. It has strength­ ties. This is pure hogwash. As Senator War Resisters' League. ened government at the local level. Peo­ BILL BROCK of Tennessee has stated: Women's International League for Peace ple and their elected officials have been Why is it that we in Congress always feel and Freedom. given a chance to determine for them­ we have the answers, when in reality there Women Strike for Peace. selves local needs. is no single programmatic solution for the World Federalists, U.S.A. thousands of ditrerent local communities, At a time when so much money and each. with separate and distinct problems. We recognize a large number of orga.. power is vested in Washington, D.C., bu­ nizations which served as Vietcong reaucrats, it is refreshing to have a pro· Congress must not hopelessly bind propaganda organs, a direct Communist gram that emphasizes local decision­ revenue sharing in miles of redtape. Party operation, and several groups who making, I remain firmly convinced that Washington must not impose its own were previously members of the Com­ when it comes to local problems and local judgment on how local revenue sharing munist Party-dominated People's Coali­ needs, Washington does not know best. funds should be utilized. State and local tion for Peace and Justice on the list of As Secretary of the Treasury William units of government should be left free supporters. Simon has said: to make ·their own decisions on spending. My colleagues should not mistakenly There 1s no way that the Federal Govern­ In summary, Mr. Speaker, we cannot think that the CNFP will give up it.s ment can spend this money more wisely than afford to allow the general revenue shar­ efforts when they fail to achieve all their the local governments that see and feel the ing program to lapse. It is imperative goals this spring. America's enemies have needs of their citizens dally that Congress act immediately to renew stated repeatedly that they are waging In addition, revenue sharing is playing the program. It is also essential that a protracted war on many front.s and a crucial role in many budgets. State, Congress not add new restrictions and using many tactics, including the legis­ county, city, and township governments requirements that would cripple its ef­ lative. States the CNFP, "Only over time depend on :revenue sharing funds to fi­ fectiveness. Our Nation needs a strong can we achieve the explicit changes in nance important projects and services. and workable general revenue sharing foreign policy which we desire." In fact, revenue sharing accounts for program in the years ahead.

SENATE-Monday, March 1, 1976 The Senate met at 12 meridian and Six days shalt thou labour, and do all the pause that refreshes. Grant us the was called to order by Hon. DANIEL K. thy work: But the seventh day is the hard discipline of waiting, not in passive­ INOUYE. a Senator from the State of Sabbath of the Lord thy God: * • • ness or indifference, but waiting with Hawaii. wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath open heart and mind for Thy grace and day, and hallowed it.-Exodus 20: 9, lOa, wisdom which leads to creative action. llb. With thanksgiving for the day just PRAYER passed, we lay hold upon the truth of 0 Lord, teach us how to live by Thy Thy word: The Chaplain, the Reve1·end Edward creative pattern, the alternation between L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following Wait on the Lord: be of goocl courage, prayer: work and rest. Show us anew the divine and He shalJ strengthen Thine heart: principle that creative rest leads to pro· wait, I say, on the Lord.-Psalms 27: Give attention to the words of the Book ductive work. Make sacred the day of 14. of Exodus: rest and worship, the time of renewal, Amen.