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The-Bible-And-Early-Trinitarian-Theology-Pdfdrivecom THE BIBLE AND EARLY TRINITARIAN THEOLOGY CUA STUDIES IN EARLY CHRISTIANITY General Editor Philip Rousseau, Andrew W. Mellon Distinguished Professor Editorial Board Katherine L. Jansen, Department of History William E. Klingshirn, Department of Greek and Latin Trevor C. Lipscombe, The Catholic University of America Press Frank J. Matera, School of Theology and Religious Studies Timothy Noone, School of Philosophy Sidney H. Griffith,Department of Semitic and Egyptian Languages and Literatures International Editorial Board Pauline Allen, Australian Catholic University Lewis Ayres, Durham University Daniel Boyarin, University of California, Berkeley Gillian Clark, University of Bristol Angelo di Berardino, OSA, Istituto Patristico Augustinanium, Rome Hubertus R. Drobner, Theologische Facultät, Paderborn David W. Johnson, SJ, Jesuit School of Theology, Berkeley Judith Lieu, University of Cambridge Éric Rebillard, Cornell University John M. Rist, University of Toronto Linda Safran, University of Toronto Susan T. Stevens, Randolph-Macon Woman’s College Rita Lizzi Testa, Università degli Studi di Perugia Michael A. Williams, University of Washington, Seattle THE BIBLE AND EARLY TRINITARIAN THEOLOGY Edited by Christopher A. Beeley and Mark E. Weedman £ The Catholic University of America Press Washington, D.C. Copyright © 2018 The Catholic University of America Press All rights reserved The Catholic University of America Press is the publishing division of The Catholic University of America, the national university of the Catholic bishops in the United States. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–1984. ∞ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Beeley, Christopher A., editor. Title: The Bible and early Trinitarian theology / edited by Christopher A. Beeley and Mark E. Weedman. Description: Washington, D.C. : The Catholic University of America Press, 2018. | Series: CUA studies in early Christianity | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017033722 | ISBN 9780813229959 (cloth : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Trinity—History of doctrines—Early church, ca. 30–600. | Trinity—Biblical teaching. Classification: LCC BT109 .B53 2018 | DDC 231/.04409015—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017033722 Contents CONTENTS List of Abbreviations vii Introduction: The Study of Early Christian Biblical Interpretation 1 Christopher A. Beeley and Mark E. Weedman Part 1. Trinitarian Theology in the Old and New Testaments 1. Scholarship on the Old Testament Roots of Trinitarian Theology: Blind Spots and Blurred Vision 29 Bogdan G. Bucur 2. Observations on the “Monotheism” Affirmed in the New Testament 50 Larry W. Hurtado Part 2. John and the Trinity 3. Trinitarian Theology and the Fourth Gospel 71 Harold W. Attridge 4. The Johannine Riddles and Their Place in the Development of Trinitarian Theology 84 Paul N. Anderson 5. The Gospel of John and Early Trinitarian Thought: The Unity of God in John, Irenaeus, and Tertullian 109 Marianne Meye Thompson vi Contents 6. The Johannine Prologue before Origen 118 Mark J. Edwards 7. Basil of Caesarea on John 1:1 as an Affirmation of Pro-Nicene Trinitarian Doctrine 132 Mark DelCogliano Part 3. Paul and the Trinity 8. Paul and the Trinity 151 Stephen E. Fowl 9. Paul and His Legacy to Trinitarian Theology 162 Adela Yarbro Collins 10. The Image and Unity of God: The Role of Colossians 1 in Theological Controversy 172 Jennifer R. Strawbridge 11. The Spirit and the Letter: 2 Corinthians 3:6 and the Legacy of Origen in Fourth-Century Greek Exegesis 191 Christopher A. Beeley 12. Augustine’s Move from a Johannine to a Pauline Trinitarian Theology 224 Mark E. Weedman Bibliography 235 Contributors 265 General Index 269 Index of Biblical Citations 277 List of Abbreviations ABBREVIATIONS ACW Ancient Christian Writers ANF Ante-Nicene Fathers CCL Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina CCSG Corpus Christianorum, Series Graeca CCSL Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina CPG Clavis patrum graecorum CSEL Corpus Scriptorium Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum FC Fathers of the Church GCS Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten Jahrhunderte LCL Loeb Classical Library LF Library of the Fathers NPNF Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers PG Patrologia Cursus Completus, Series Graeca PL Patrologia Cursus Completus, Patrologia Latina PPS Popular Patristics Series PS Patrologia Syriaca SC Sources Chrétiennes TLG Thesaurus Linguae Graecae vii THE BIBLE AND EARLY TRINITARIAN THEOLOGY IntroductionC. A. Beeley and M. e. Weedman Christopher A. Beeley and Mark E. Weedman INTRODUCTION The Study of Early Christian Biblical Interpretation The past thirty years have seen an unprecedented level of new interest in early Christian biblical interpretation. Arguably for the first time in mod- ern scholarship, the subject has now come into its own. Works on patristic exegesis, early Christian habits of reading and writing, and the complex rela- tionships among biblical interpretation, patristic theology, and the common life of early Christians have proliferated in academic and popular publish- ing since the 1980s.1 By contrast with earlier generations, few scholars today would consider teaching early Christian history and theology without giving serious attention to the ways in which church leaders and ordinary believers were frequently reading, hearing, teaching, and responding to the scriptures. Meanwhile, in a parallel development, biblical scholars are now increasingly looking to the reception and interpretation of biblical texts by early Christians as an indispensable part of their work, and some even champion methods of 1. Thanks in large part to this upsurge, the literature on early Christian biblical interpretation is now extensive. Good recent bibliographies can be found in Charles Kannengiesser, Handbook of Patristic Exegesis, 2 vols., Bible in Ancient Christianity 1 (Leiden: Brill, 2004); Frances M. Young, “Interpretation of Scripture,” in The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Studies, ed. Susan Ashbrook Harvey and Da- vid G. Hunter (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 846–63; and James Carleton Paget and Joachim Schaper, eds., The New Cambridge History of the Bible, vol. 1, From the Beginnings to 600 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013). For a popular example of recent interest in the subject, see the IVP Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture series. 1 2 C. A. Beeley and M. e. Weedman interpretation that align in striking ways with the practices of the first five or six centuries. While historical criticism remains the primary scholarly meth- od in the field of biblical studies, the rise of other approaches to the study of the scriptures is one of the most noteworthy features of recent biblical scholarship. Although they have not operated in complete ignorance of one anoth- er, the fields of biblical studies and early Christian studies have come to ap- proach early Christian biblical interpretation for the most part for their own reasons and within their own intellectual spaces.2 The aim of this book is to bring these two fields into closer conversation with one another in order to explore new avenues in the relationship between biblical interpretation and the development of early Christian theology. After tracing the emergence of the study of early biblical interpretation in early Christian studies and biblical studies, we note several ways in which they can potentially benefit one anoth- er, and we identify the particular contribution this book offers to the current scholarly conversation. Patristics and Early Christian Studies The way that scholars approach the study of early Christian theology has changed dramatically in the last few decades. Although earlier habits remain in certain quarters, most scholars today view theology and church life in the patristic period as being deeply involved with the reading, hearing, interpre- tation, and living practice of the Christian scriptures, to the point that many would now agree with Gerhard Ebeling’s remark that the history of the Chris- tian church is virtually synonymous with the history of biblical interpretation.3 This perspective is fairly recent in the history of early Christian scholar- ship, a field that developed as we know it only after the Second World War. While nineteenth-century scholars gave some attention to early Christian use of the scriptures, for most of the twentieth century scholars approached the study of patristic theology chiefly as a set of doctrines articulated by key fig- 2. Both fields continue to maintain distinct scholarly organizations and annual conferences. Only in the last decade did the Society for Biblical Literature make a systematic initiative to develop new pro- gram units in patristic theology and exegesis. 3. Gerhard Ebeling, “The Significance of the Critical Historical Method for Church and Theology in Protestantism,” in Word and Faith, trans. James W. Leitch (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1963), 17–61. Introduction 3 ures and church councils. They paid little attention to how early Christian be- liefs and practices informed, and were informed by, the reading and hearing of the scriptures. The programmatic division between the formation and inter- pretation of the Bible and the teachings of the fathers is particularly visible in the standard handbooks in the field, such as the magisterial Patrologie of Ro- man Catholic scholar Berthold Altaner, which
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