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Sediment Quality Assessment of the Hood Canal Region of Puget Sound, 2004

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Sediment Quality Assessment of the Hood Canal Region of Puget Sound, 2004 Sediment Quality Assessment of the Hood Canal Region of Puget Sound, 2004 Spatial/Temporal Sediment Monitoring Element of the Puget Sound Assessment and Monitoring Program February 2010 Publication No. 10-03-005 Publication and Contact Information This report is available on the Department of Ecology’s website at www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/1003005.html Data for this project are available at Ecology’s Environmental Information Management (EIM) website www.ecy.wa.gov/eim/index.htm. Search User Study ID, PSAMP_SP. Project Tracker Code for this study is 99-511-04. For more information contact: Publications Coordinator Environmental Assessment Program P.O. Box 47600, Olympia, WA 98504-7600 Phone: (360) 407-6764 Washington State Department of Ecology - www.ecy.wa.gov/ o Headquarters, Olympia (360) 407-6000 o Northwest Regional Office, Bellevue (425) 649-7000 o Southwest Regional Office, Olympia (360) 407-6300 o Central Regional Office, Yakima (509) 575-2490 o Eastern Regional Office, Spokane (509) 329-3400 Cover photos: Waters of Hood Canal; sampling from the RV Centennial. Any use of product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the author or the Department of Ecology. To ask about the availability of this document in a format for the visually impaired, call 360-407-6764. Persons with hearing loss can call 711 for Washington Relay Service. Persons with a speech disability can call 877-833-6341. Sediment Quality Assessment of the Hood Canal Region of Puget Sound, 2004 Spatial/Temporal Sediment Monitoring Element of the Puget Sound Assessment and Monitoring Program by Edward Long, Sandra Weakland, Margaret Dutch, Kathy Welch, and Valerie Partridge Marine Monitoring Unit Western Operations Section Environmental Assessment Program Washington State Department of Ecology Olympia, Washington 98504-7710 Waterbody Number(s): WA-PS-0100, WA-PS-0220, WA-PS-0250, WA-PS-0260, WA-15-0080, WA-17-0010 Page 1 This page is purposely left blank Page 2 Table of Contents Page List of Figures ......................................................................................................................5 List of Tables .......................................................................................................................6 Abstract ................................................................................................................................7 Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................8 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................9 Physical Characteristics .................................................................................................9 Chemical Contamination ...............................................................................................9 Toxicity ........................................................................................................................10 Benthic Community Composition ...............................................................................10 Sediment Quality Triad ................................................................................................11 Comparisons Among Puget Sound Sediment Monitoring Regions .............................11 Introduction ........................................................................................................................13 Project Background ......................................................................................................13 Site Description ............................................................................................................14 Sediment Quality Related Research .............................................................................15 Goals and Objectives ...................................................................................................15 Methods..............................................................................................................................17 Sampling Design ..........................................................................................................17 Sample Collection ........................................................................................................18 Laboratory Analyses ....................................................................................................19 Data Summary, Display, and Statistical Analysis .......................................................21 Results ................................................................................................................................25 Station and Stratum Characteristics .............................................................................25 Physical and Chemical Analyses .................................................................................25 Toxicity Analyses ........................................................................................................28 Benthic Community Analyses .....................................................................................29 The Sediment Quality Triad Index: A Compilation of Chemistry, Toxicity, and Infaunal Parameters .....................................................................................................34 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................37 Incidence and Spatial Extent of Chemical Contamination ..........................................37 Incidence and Spatial Extent of Toxicity .....................................................................38 Incidence of Degradation Based on the Sediment Quality Triad Index (SQTI) ..........39 Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................................43 Physical Characteristics ...............................................................................................43 Chemical Contamination .............................................................................................43 Toxicity ........................................................................................................................44 Benthic Invertebrates ...................................................................................................44 Sediment Quality Triad ................................................................................................45 Page 3 Temporal Comparisons within Hood Canal ................................................................45 Comparisons between Puget Sound Sediment Monitoring Regions ...........................45 Recommendations ..............................................................................................................47 References ..........................................................................................................................49 Figures................................................................................................................................57 Tables .................................................................................................................................83 Appendices .......................................................................................................................103 Appendix A. Historical Surveys Conducted in Hood Canal and SEDQUAL Station Locations and Chemicals Exceeding Washington State Sediment Quality Standards ................................................................105 Appendix B. Navigation Report for the 2004 PSAMP Sediment Component Sampling Stations ...............................................................................111 Appendix C. Department of Ecology Standard Operating Procedures for Measuring Dissolved Oxygen .............................................................117 Appendix D. Final Report on Toxicity Testing of Sediment Porewater from Hood Canal and Surrounding Areas, PSAMP 2004 and Retesting of Porewater from the San Juan Islands, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and Admiralty Inlet, Washington PSAMP 2003. ................................125 Appendix F. Field Notes for the 2004 PSAMP Sediment Component Sampling Stations .................................................................................................131 Appendix G. Sediment Grain Size Distribution, Total Organic Carbon Values, Near-bottom Dissolved Oxygen Measurements, and Chemical Concentrations at All Stations .............................................................135 Appendix H. List of Benthic Infauna and Quality Assurance/ Quality Control Data .....................................................................................................179 Appendix I. Weight of Evidence, Ordered by Station Number and Location ..........193 Appendix J. Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations ..............................................195 Page 4 List of Figures Page Figure 1. Eight monitoring regions in Puget Sound defined for the PSAMP sediment component. ................................................................................................................... 59 Figure 2. Locations of the 30 sampling stations for the 2004 PSAMP Sediment Component Hood Canal monitoring region. .................................................................................... 60 Figure 3. Water depths at the 30 Hood
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