DOCSLIB.ORG

Ramphogordius Sanguineus Class: Anopla, Heteronemertea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ramphogordius Sanguineus Class: Anopla, Heteronemertea Phylum: Nemertea Ramphogordius sanguineus Class: Anopla, Heteronemertea Order: Family: Lineidae Taxonomy: The species now known as 1943; Riser 1994). Ramphogordius sanguineus was originally Trunk: described as Planaria sanguinea in 1799 by Posterior: No caudal cirrus. Rathke. It was transferred to the genus Eyes/Eyespots: Three to eight reddish brown Lineus (L. sanguineus) by McIntosh in 1873 ocelli present within both cephalic grooves, and has been synonymized with several lin- but not necessarily in equal numbers on each eid taxa since then, including L. nigricans, L. side (Coe 1943; Riser 1994; Hayward 1995; socialis, L. ruber, L. vegetus and L. pseudo- Roe et al. 2007; Caplins 2011). lactues (Bierne et al. 1993; Riser 1994). Mouth: Ventral and behind the brain and dis- Riser (1994) designated the genus Myoiso- tinct from proboscis pore (order Heteronemer- phagos for L. lacteus, L. pseudolacteus and tea) (Kozloff 1974). L. sanguineus, a genus name which was lat- Proboscis: Eversible (phylum Nemertea) er determined to be invalid and species and, when not everted, coiled inside rhyncho- were reassigned to the genus Ramphogordi- coel (cavity). Proboscis wraps around prey, us (Riser 1998; Runnels 2013). possibly delivering an immobilizing toxin (Caplins 2011) and is also everted when dis- Description turbed. Size: Individuals 0.5–15 cm in length (Roe Tube/Burrow: None. et al. 2007) and 0.5–2 mm in width (Coe 1943; Riser 1994). Possible Misidentifications Color: Smaller individuals tend to be whitish Ramphogordius sanguineus is the on- grey, while larger ones are variously olive, ly member of this genus known to exist locally red, brown, or green (Coe 1943; Riser (Roe et al. 2007). However, the morphology 1994). The brain region is reddish, and the of this species is similar to that of other local posterior end is often paler than the rest of members of the genus Lineus. Lineus ruber the body (Caplins 2011). Color variance is similar in color, but R. sanguineus is more may be attributed to diet (Riser 1994). No slender when stretched, and coils spirally distinct pattern, but pale circumferential rather than contracting linearly when rings may give segmented appearance (Roe disturbed (Roe et al. 2007). Lineus viridis is et al. 2007). also similar in color, but does not coil (Caplins General Morphology: Long and narrow, 2011). Lineus vegetus may be red, green or reddish color and head that is not distinctly brown in color (Kozloff 1974), has faint rings marked from the rest of the body. Common around the body, faint longitudinal lines (ibid), under rocks. and coils. It extends south to Mexico (Corrêa Body: Soft and slender and non-segmented 1964). Lineus pictifrons can be reddish to (phylum Nemertea). Coils rather than con- deep brown with a paler posterior end and is tracts when disturbed (Roe et al. 2007). up to 12 cm in length and 3 mm in width, but Anterior: Head with pale edges and has numerous yellow rings and longitudinal long cephalic grooves along either side (Coe yellow lines, as well as two orange spots on A publication of the University of Oregon Libraries and the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Individual species: https://oimb.uoregon.edu/oregon-estuarine-invertebrates and full 3rd edition: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18839 Email corrections to: [email protected] Hiebert, T.C. and M. Hunt 2015. Ramphogordius sanguineus.. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. the snout (Corrêa 1964). Its range is from es (Riser 1994). Puget Sound to Mexico (ibid). Lineus bi- Temperature: Tolerant of gradual thermal lineatus is dark brown or olive but has a yel- changes (Riser 1994). low or white stripe (ibid). Lineus torquatus is Tidal Level: Intertidal, especially above mid- dark reddish brown or purple with a single intertidal to high marsh tide pools (Roe et al. narrow whitish band connecting the posteri- 2007). or ends of its cephalic furrows. It is intertidal Associates: Frequently found among mus- and occurs from Alaska to San Francisco, sels and oysters, and often with amphipods, California (ibid). Finally, L. flavescens is annelids, and other nemerteans (Coe 1943; small (8–120 mm), yellowish, pale yellow Riser 1994; Caplins 2011). and orange, or ochre with pale head mar- Abundance: Common throughout range. gins and 3–7 irregular red, purple or black Life-History Information ocelli, the largest being most anterior (Roe Reproduction: Asexual by spontaneous frag- et al. 2007). mentation (fissiparous) which is sometimes Because of the many identifying char- instigated by adverse conditions. Regenera- acteristics, which are internal and not visible, tion occurs in fragments containing a portion it is sometimes very difficult to distinguish of the lateral nerve cords (Coe 1930, 1931, among nemerteans without dissecting them. 1943; Riser 1994; Roe et al. 2007). Ways in which the worms flatten, contract, Encystment often occurs, possibly as and coil are useful as aids to identification of protection against predators and parasites live specimens. during regeneration (Coe 1930, 1943), or to Ecological Information enable dispersal by currents (Caplins 2011). Range: Range Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Sexual reproduction has not been North America, Europe and Asia (Coe 1943; conclusively observed, although individuals Riser 1994). Wide distribution likely due to have been collected seemingly ripe with male transport in fouling communities on ships or female gametes (T.Hiebert and Malsakova, (Riser 1994). NE Pacific distribution in- pers. obs). cludes California to Washington State (Roe Larva: Presence of a free-swimming larval et al. 2007). stage is unknown (Caplins 2011). Local Distribution: Coos Bay sites include Juvenile: Hayne’s Inlet, the Charleston boat basin and Longevity: various mudflats along the South Slough as Growth Rate: well as coves of Cape Arago. Food: Carnivorous, feeding on protozoans Habitat: Temperate subtidal and intertidal and other microfauna of lesser or comparable zones under rocks in sand, among rocks ex- size (Van Guelpen 2005). Under laboratory posed to surf, in black mud with algae and conditions individuals will eat dead shrimp, other cover, or in mussel or oyster beds minced clams, polychaetes, and oligochaetes (Coe 1943; Riser 1994; Roe et al 2007; (Roe et al. 2007). Caplins 2011). Also, found on submerged Predators: wood, buoys, and boat bottoms (Riser 1994; Behavior: Tends to coil into a tight spiral Caplins 2011). They frequently occur in when disturbed (Coe 1943; Riser 1994; Roe intertwined clusters of many individuals (Roe et al. 2007). et al. 2007). Bibliography Salinity: Tolerant of gradual salinity chang- A publication of the University of Oregon Libraries and the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Individual species: https://oimb.uoregon.edu/oregon-estuarine-invertebrates and full 3rd edition: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18839 Email corrections to: [email protected] 1. BIERNE, J., M. TARPIN, and G. VER- 10. —. 1998. The morphology of Micrura leidyi NET. 1993. A reassessment of the sys- (Verrill, 1892) with consequent systematic tematics and a proposal for the phyloge- revaluation. Hydrobiologia. 365:149-156. ny of some cosmopolitan Lineus species 11. ROE, P., J. L. NORENBURG, and S. (Nemertean). Hydrobiologia. 266:159- MASLAKOVA. 2007. Nemertea, p. 221- 168. 233. In: Light and Smith manual: intertidal 2. CAPLINS, S. A., and J. M. TURBEVILLE. invertebrates from central California to Or- 2011. The occurrence of Ramphogordius egon. J. Carlton (ed.). University of Califor- sanguineus (Nemertea, Heteronemertea) nia Press, Berkeley, CA. in the intertidal zone of the Atlantic coast 12. RUNNELS, C. 2013. Phylogeography and of Virginia and new observations on its species status of Ramphogordius san- feeding behavior. Banisteria. 38:65-70. guineus. M.S. Virginia Commonwealth 3. COE, W. R. 1930. Regeneration in Ne- University. merteans. II. Regeneration of small sec- 13. VAN GUELPEN, L. G., G. POHLE, E. tions of the body split or partially split lon- VANDEN BERGHE, and M. J. COSTEL- gitudinally. Journal of Experimental Zool- LO. Marine species registers for the North ogy. 57:109-144. Atlantic Ocean. http:// 4. —. 1931. A new species of nemertean www.marinebiodiversity.ca/nonNARMS. Lineus vegetus ( ) with asexual reproduc- Updated 2014 tion. Zoologische Anzeiger. 94:54-60. T.C. Hiebert and M. Hunt 5. —. 1943. Biology of the nemerteans of the Atlantic coast of North America. Transactions of the Connecticut Acade- my of Arts and Sciences. 35:129-328. 6. CORRÊA, D. D. 1964. Nemerteans from California and Oregon. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (series 4). 31:515-558. 7. GIBSON, R., and E. W. KNIGHT- JONES. 1995. Flatworms and ribbon worms (Phyla Platyhelminthes and Ne- mertea), p. 136-164. In: Handbook of the marine fauna of north-west Europe. P. J. Hayward and J. S. Ryland (eds.). Oxford University Press, New York. 8. KOZLOFF, E. N. 1974. Keys to the ma- rine invertebrates of Puget Sound, the San Juan Archipelago, and adjacent re- gions. University of Washington Press, Seattle. 9. RISER, N. W. 1994. The morphology and generic relationships of some fissiparous Heteronemertines. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 107:548-556. Hiebert, T.C. and M. Hunt 2015. Ramphogordius sanguineus.. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fauna Ryukyuana ISSN 2187-6657
    Fauna Ryukyuana ISSN 2187-6657 http://w3.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/naruse/lab/Fauna_Ryukyuana.html Records of Notospermus tricuspidatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (Nemertea: Pilidiophora) in Japanese waters, with a review of warm-water green-bodied heteronemerteans from the Indo–West-Pacific Hiroshi Kajihara1, Ira Hosokawa2, 3, Koji Hosokawa3 & Ryuta Yoshida4 1Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) 2Kamiyama Elementary School, Hara 3-1, Yakushima, Kumage 891-4403, Kagoshima, Japan 3Mugio 318-9, Yakushima, Kumage 891-4402, Kagoshima, Japan 4Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Centre, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara 870, Taketomi, Yaeyama 907-1541, Okinawa, Japan Abstract. The heteronemertean Notospermus Actually, however, no nemertean with a zigzag tricuspidatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) [new marking has ever been reported from Japanese Japanese name: mitsuyari-midori-himomushi] is waters, meaning that there is no formal record of N. known to be distributed in the tropical Indo–West- tricuspidatus in Japan if it is a different species from Pacific, but has not been formally reported from L. albovittatus (Kajihara 2007). Whether or not these Japanese waters based on voucher material. We two forms belong to a single biological entity should summarize records of the species based on recently be tested in future molecular studies, but we collected specimens in the Nansei Islands. A tentatively regard N. tricuspidatus s.str. as specimen collected on Yakushima Island (ca. 30°N) represented by individuals with a zigzag marking, represents the northern limit of the species’ while L. albovittatus as having a straight band. distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum Nemertea)
    THE BIOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF A NEW SPECIES OF RIBBON WORM, GENUS TUBULANUS (PHYLUM NEMERTEA) By Rebecca Kirk Ritger Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Biology Chair: Dr. Qiristopher'Tudge m Dr.David C r. Jon L. Norenburg Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences JuK4£ __________ Date 2004 American University Washington, D.C. 20016 AMERICAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1 1 0 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1421360 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 1421360 Copyright 2004 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE BIOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF A NEW SPECIES OF RIBBON WORM, GENUS TUBULANUS (PHYLUM NEMERTEA) By Rebecca Kirk Ritger ABSTRACT Most nemerteans are studied from poorly preserved museum specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylum-Wide Survey Reveals Multiple Independent Gains of Head Regeneration Ability in Nemertea
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/439497; this version posted October 11, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. A phylum-wide survey reveals multiple independent gains of head regeneration ability in Nemertea Eduardo E. Zattara1,2,5, Fernando A. Fernández-Álvarez3, Terra C. Hiebert4, Alexandra E. Bely2 and Jon L. Norenburg1 1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA 2 Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA 3 Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain 4 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA 5 INIBIOMA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Bariloche, RN, Argentina Corresponding author: E.E. Zattara, [email protected] Abstract Animals vary widely in their ability to regenerate, suggesting that regenerative abilities have a rich evolutionary history. However, our understanding of this history remains limited because regeneration ability has only been evaluated in a tiny fraction of species. Available comparative regeneration studies have identified losses of regenerative ability, yet clear documentation of gains is lacking. We surveyed regenerative ability in 34 species spanning the phylum Nemertea, assessing the ability to regenerate heads and tails either through our own experiments or from literature reports. Our sampling included representatives of the 10 most diverse families and all three orders comprising this phylum.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Records of Notospermus Tricuspidatus
    Records of Notospermus tricuspidatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (Nemertea: Pilidiophora) in Japanese waters, with a Title review of warm-water green-bodied heteronemerteans from the Indo‒West-Pacific Kajihara, Hiroshi; Hasokawa, Ira; Hosokawa, Koji; Yoshida, Author(s) Ryuta Citation Fauna Ryukyuana, 28: 59-65 Issue Date 2016-02-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/38720 Rights Fauna Ryukyuana ISSN 2187-6657 http://w3.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/naruse/lab/Fauna_Ryukyuana.html Records of Notospermus tricuspidatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (Nemertea: Pilidiophora) in Japanese waters, with a review of warm-water green-bodied heteronemerteans from the Indo–West-Pacific Hiroshi Kajihara1, Ira Hosokawa2, 3, Koji Hosokawa3 & Ryuta Yoshida4 1Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) 2Kamiyama Elementary School, Hara 3-1, Yakushima, Kumage 891-4403, Kagoshima, Japan 3Mugio 318-9, Yakushima, Kumage 891-4402, Kagoshima, Japan 4Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Centre, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara 870, Taketomi, Yaeyama 907-1541, Okinawa, Japan Abstract. The heteronemertean Notospermus Actually, however, no nemertean with a zigzag tricuspidatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) [new marking has ever been reported from Japanese Japanese name: mitsuyari-midori-himomushi] is waters, meaning that there is no formal record of N. known to be distributed in the tropical Indo–West- tricuspidatus in Japan if it is a different species from Pacific, but has not been formally reported from L. albovittatus (Kajihara 2007). Whether or not these Japanese waters based on voucher material. We two forms belong to a single biological entity should summarize records of the species based on recently be tested in future molecular studies, but we collected specimens in the Nansei Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
    OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological and Molecular Study on Yininemertes Pratensis
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 852: 31–51 Morphological(2019) and molecular study on Yininemertes pratensis from... 31 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.852.32602 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Morphological and molecular study on Yininemertes pratensis (Nemertea, Pilidiophora, Heteronemertea) from the Han River Estuary, South Korea, and its phylogenetic position within the family Lineidae Taeseo Park1, Sang-Hwa Lee2, Shi-Chun Sun3, Hiroshi Kajihara4 1 National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea 2 National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Secheon, South Korea 3 Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, China 4 Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan Corresponding author: Hiroshi Kajihara ([email protected]) Academic editor: Y. Mutafchiev | Received 21 December 2018 | Accepted 5 May 2019 | Published 5 June 2019 http://zoobank.org/542BA27C-9EDC-4A15-9C72-5D84DDFEEF6A Citation: Park T, Lee S-H, Sun S-C, Kajihara H (2019) Morphological and molecular study on Yininemertes pratensis (Nemertea, Pilidiophora, Heteronemertea) from the Han River Estuary, South Korea, and its phylogenetic position within the family Lineidae. ZooKeys 852: 31–51. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.852.32602 Abstract Outbreaks of ribbon worms observed in 2013, 2015, and 2017–2019 in the Han River Estuary, South Korea, have caused damage to local glass-eel fisheries. The Han River ribbon worms have been identified as Yininemertes pratensis (Sun & Lu, 1998) based on not only morphological characteristics compared with the holotype and paratype specimens, but also DNA sequence comparison with topotypes freshly collected near the Yangtze River mouth, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Nemertea (Ribbon Worms)
    ISSN 1174–0043; 118 (Print) ISSN 2463-638X; 118 (Online) Taihoro Nukurc1n,�i COVERPHOTO: Noteonemertes novaezealandiae n.sp., intertidal, Point Jerningham, Wellington Harbour. Photo: Chris Thomas, NIWA. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (NIWA) The Invertebrate Fauna of New Zealand: Nemertea (Ribbon Worms) by RAY GIBSON School of Biological and Earth Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 118 2002 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Cataloguing in publication GIBSON, Ray The invertebrate fauna of New Zealand: Nemertea (Ribbon Worms) by Ray Gibson - Wellington : NIWA (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research) 2002 (NIWA Biodiversity memoir: ISSN 0083-7908: 118) ISBN 0-478-23249-7 II. I. Title Series UDC Series Editor: Dennis P. Gordon Typeset by: Rose-Marie C. Thompson National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) (incorporating N.Z. Oceanographic Institute) Wellington Printed and bound for NIWA by Graphic Press and Packaging Levin Received for publication - 20 June 2001 ©NIWA Copyright 2002 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS Page 5 ABSTRACT 6 INTRODUCTION 9 Materials and Methods 9 CLASSIFICATION OF THE NEMERTEA 9 Higher Classification CLASSIFICATION OF NEW ZEALAND NEMERTEANS AND CHECKLIST OF SPECIES .
    [Show full text]
  • Point Loma in 2008 Continued to Low Wave and Current Activity And/Or Physical Show No Spatial Patterns Relative to the Outfall Disturbance
    THE CITY OF SAN DIEGO Annual Receiving Waters Monitoring Report for the Point Loma Ocean Outfall 2008 City of San Diego Ocean Monitoring Program Metropolitan Wastewater Department Environmental Monitoring and Technical Services Division THE CITY OF SAN DIEGO June 30, 2009 Mr. John Robertus Executive Officer Regional Water Quality Control Board San Diego Region 9771 Clairemont Mesa Blvd. Suite B San Diego, CA 92124 Attention: POTW Compliance Unit Dear Sir: Enclosed is the 2008 Annual Receiving Waters Monitoring Report for NPDES Permit No. CA0107409, Order No. R9-2002-0025 for the City of San Diego Point Lorna Wastewater Treatment Plant, Point Lorna Ocean Outfall. This report contains data summaries and statistical analyses for the various portions of the ocean monitoring program, including oceanographic conditions, microbiology, sediment characteristics, benthic macrofauna, demersal fish and megabenthic invertebrate communities, and bioaccumulation of contaminants in fish tissues. I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering information, I certify that the information submitted is, to the best ofmy knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations. Sincerely, ALAN C. LANGWORTHY Deputy Metropolitan Wastewater Director ACL\ald Enclosures: 1. Annual Receiving Waters Monitoring Report 2. CD containing PDF file of this repo1i cc Depart1nent of Environmental Health, County of San Diego U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a Lecithotrophic Pilidium Larva Illustrates Convergent Evolution of Trochophore-Like Morphology Marie K
    Hunt and Maslakova Frontiers in Zoology (2017) 14:7 DOI 10.1186/s12983-017-0189-x RESEARCH Open Access Development of a lecithotrophic pilidium larva illustrates convergent evolution of trochophore-like morphology Marie K. Hunt and Svetlana A. Maslakova* Abstract Background: The pilidium larva is an idiosyncrasy defining one clade of marine invertebrates, the Pilidiophora (Nemertea, Spiralia). Uniquely, in pilidial development, the juvenile worm forms from a series of isolated rudiments called imaginal discs, then erupts through and devours the larval body during catastrophic metamorphosis. A typical pilidium is planktotrophic and looks like a hat with earflaps, but pilidial diversity is much broader and includes several types of non-feeding pilidia. One of the most intriguing recently discovered types is the lecithotrophic pilidium nielseni of an undescribed species, Micrura sp. “dark” (Lineidae, Heteronemertea, Pilidiophora). The egg-shaped pilidium nielseni bears two transverse circumferential ciliary bands evoking the prototroch and telotroch of the trochophore larva found in some other spiralian phyla (e.g. annelids), but undergoes catastrophic metamorphosis similar to that of other pilidia. While it is clear that the resemblance to the trochophore is convergent, it is not clear how pilidium nielseni acquired this striking morphological similarity. Results: Here, using light and confocal microscopy, we describe the development of pilidium nielseni from fertilization to metamorphosis, and demonstrate that fundamental aspects of pilidial development are conserved. The juvenile forms via three pairs of imaginal discs and two unpaired rudiments inside a distinct larval epidermis, which is devoured by the juvenile during rapid metamorphosis. Pilidium nielseni even develops transient, reduced lobes and lappets in early stages, re-creating the hat-like appearance of a typical pilidium.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustaining the Saco Estuary Final Report 2015 Sustaining the Saco Estuary
    Sustaining the Saco estuary final report 2015 Sustaining the Saco estuary final report 2015 Project Leaders Christine B. Feurt, Ph.D. Pamela A. Morgan, Ph.D. University of New England and University of New England Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve Tel: (207) 602-2227 Tel: (207) 602-2834 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Project Team University of New England Mark Adams, Ph.D. Noah Perlut, Ph.D. Anna Bass, Ph.D. Michele Steen-Adams, Ph.D. Carrie Byron, Ph.D. James Sulikowski, Ph.D. Michael Daley, Ph.D. Stephan I. Zeeman, Ph.D. Michael Esty Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve Jacob Aman Jeremy Miller Michele Dionne, Ph.D. Kristin Wilson, Ph.D. This research is part of Maine’s Sustainability Solutions Initiative, a program of the Senator George J. Mitchell Center, which is supported by National Science Foundation award EPS-0904155 to Maine EPSCoR at the University of Maine. Report Editing and Design: Waterview Consulting CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: Why Is the Saco Estuary an Ideal Living Laboratory for Sustainability Science?.......................1 by Christine B. Feurt and Pamela A. Morgan CHAPTER 2 RECOGNIZING AND ENGAGING THE StewardsHIP NETWORK: Actively Working to Sustain the Saco Estuary .......7 by Christine B. Feurt CHAPTER 3 PLANTS OF THE SACO EstuarY: Tidal Marshes............17 by Pam Morgan CHAPTER 4 BENTHIC MACROINVertebrates OF THE SACO EstuarY: Tidal Flats and Low Marsh Habitats .......................29 by Anna L. Bass CHAPTER 5 FISH OF THE SACO EstuarY: River Channel and Tidal Marshes ........................................39 by Kayla Smith, Kristin Wilson, James Sulikowski, and Jacob Aman CHAPTER 6 BIRD COMMUNITY OF THE SACO EstuarY: Tidal Marshes ...57 by Noah Perlut CHAPTER 7 FOOD WEB OF THE SACO Estuary’S Tidal MARSHES .
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Interim Receiving Waters Monitoring Report
    POINT LOMA OCEAN OUTFALL MONTHLY RECEIVING WATERS INTERIM RECEIVING WATERS MONITORING REPORT FOR THE POINTM ONITORINGLOMA AND SOUTH R EPORTBAY OCEAN OUTFALLS POINT LOMA 2020 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT NPDES Permit No. CA0107409 SDRWQCB Order No. R9-2017-0007 APRIL 2021 Environmental Monitoring and Technical Services 2392 Kincaid Road x Mail Station 45A x San Diego, CA 92101 Tel (619) 758-2300 Fax (619) 758-2309 INTERIM RECEIVING WATERS MONITORING REPORT FOR THE POINT LOMA AND SOUTH BAY OCEAN OUTFALLS 2020 POINT LOMA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (ORDER NO. R9-2017-0007; NPDES NO. CA0107409) SOUTH BAY WATER RECLAMATION PLANT (ORDER NO. R9-2013-0006 AS AMENDED; NPDES NO. CA0109045) SOUTH BAY INTERNATIONAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (ORDER NO. R9-2014-0009 AS AMENDED; NPDES NO. CA0108928) Prepared by: City of San Diego Ocean Monitoring Program Environmental Monitoring & Technical Services Division Ryan Kempster, Editor Ami Latker, Editor June 2021 Table of Contents Production Credits and Acknowledgements ...........................................................................ii Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................1 A. Latker, R. Kempster Chapter 1. General Introduction ............................................................................................3 A. Latker, R. Kempster Chapter 2. Water Quality .......................................................................................................15 S. Jaeger, A. Webb, R. Kempster,
    [Show full text]
  • Cerebratulus Marginatus Class: Anopla, Heteronemertea
    Phylum: Nemertea Cerebratulus marginatus Class: Anopla, Heteronemertea A ribbon worm Order: Family: Lineidae Taxonomy: Cerebratulus marginatus was Mouth: Ventral and behind the brain and dis- described by Renier (1804) from Naples, Ita- tinct from proboscis pore (order Heteronemer- ly. This species now has a worldwide distri- tea) (Kozloff 1974). bution and an extensive list of synonyms Proboscis: Eversible (phylum Nemertea) (see Gibson 1995). Thus it is very likely that and, when not everted, coiled inside rhyncho- there are several different species currently coel (cavity). Proboscis of moderately size referred to as C. marginatus from differing with sticky glandular surface is everted less regions. readily than in C. californiensis. Proboscis bears no stylet (class Anopla) (Kozloff 1974). Description Tube/Burrow: An excellent swimmer and Size: Among the largest of local nemerte- strong burrower, C. marginatus does not in- ans, where sizes range from 50 cm to 1 m in habit a permanent tube or burrow. length and up to 15 mm in width (Coe 1901, 1905). Possible Misidentifications Color: Slate brown, dark grey or grayish Eight Cerebratulus species are report- green (Coe 1901). Individuals vary in color; ed from central CA to OR (Roe et al. 2007). locally they can be very dark brown. Some- Species in this genus have firm, non- times more pale ventrally, thin lateral mar- contractile and often ribbon-like bodies. One gins often colorless or white (Coe 1901, species that is easily mistaken for C. margina- 1905). tus is C. californiensis. Both are slate colored General Morphology: Large, thick and and possess thin lateral margins that are col- round worm anteriorly but very flat and rib- orless or white.
    [Show full text]