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BOWEN and SURAT BASINS, Clarence-Moreton Basin, Sydney Basin, Gunnedah Basin and Other Minor Onshore Basins, Qld, NSW and NT

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BOWEN and SURAT BASINS, Clarence-Moreton Basin, Sydney Basin, Gunnedah Basin and Other Minor Onshore Basins, Qld, NSW and NT Department of Primary Industries and Energy Bureau of Resource Sciences Australian Petroleum Accumulations Report 11 BOWEN AND SURAT BASINS, Clarence-Moreton Basin, Sydney Basin, Gunnedah Basin and other minor onshore basins, Qld, NSW and NT S.J. Cadman, L. Pain and V. Vuckovic Petroleum Resources Branch 1998 Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 1998. This work is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior written permission of the Executive Director, Bureau of Resource Sciences. Inquiries should be directed to the Principal Review Scientist, Bureau of Resource Sciences , P.O. Box E11, Queen Victoria Terrace, Parkes ACT 2600, Australia. ISBN 0 642 26867 3 ISSN 0817-9263 The Bureau of Resource Sciences is a professionally independent bureau within the Department of Primary Industries and Energy. It was established in October 1992 and was formed from the former Bureau of Rural Resources and the resource assessment branches of the former Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics. The Bureau’s role is to support the sustainable development of Australia’s agricultural, mineral, petroleum, forestry and fisheries industries by providing scientific and technical advice to governments, industry and the community. Preferred way to cite this publication : Cadman, S.J. and Pain, L., (1998) Bowen and Surat Basins, Clarence-Moreton Basin, Gunnedah Basin, and other minor onshore basins, Queensland, NSW and NT. Australian Petroleum Accumulations Report 11, Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra. Cover : View looking north from Horseshoe Lookout, Blackdown Tableland, central Bowen Basin. The cliff-forming sandstones are early Middle Triassic in age. To the north and northwest of the Blackdown Tableland are some of the largest coal mines in the Bowen Basin. Further south, these Late Permian coal measures source much of the oil and gas found in the Bowen and Surat Basins. Photograph : J. Totterdell Other reports in the Australian Petroleum Accumulations series are : 1. Amadeus Basin, Northern Territory, 1986. 2. Bass Basin, Victoria and Tasmania, 1987. 3. Gippsland Basin, Victoria, 1987. 4. Adavale Basin, Queensland, 1988. 5. Bonaparte Basin, Northern Territory and Western Australia, 1989. 6. Otway Basin, Victoria and South Australia, 1990. 7. Browse Basin, Western Australia, 1991. 8. Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia, 1993. 9. Canning Basin, Western Australia, 1993. 10. Perth Basin, Western Australia, 1994. 12. Cooper and Eromanga Basins, South Australia and Queensland, (in prep). ii FOREWORD This report on the Bowen and Surat Basins and other minor petroleum bearing basins in Queensland, New South Wales and the Northern Territory is the eleventh in the Australian Petroleum Accumulations series. The series presents data on Australia’s identified petroleum resources, together with an appraisal of their geological setting, hydrocarbon habitat and character. In the case of the producing accumulations, details of their size, development and production history are included. The APA database, on which this series is based, was developed in cooperation with petroleum companies and State and Northern Territory Mines Departments. It is linked to PEDIN, the petroleum exploration information database maintained jointly by the Bureau of Resource Sciences and the Australian Geological Survey Organisation. Since exploration in the Bowen and Surat Basins began in earnest in the early 1960’s, over 1600 exploration and development wells have been drilled, resulting in the discovery of more than 180 petroleum accumulations. Although both the Bowen and Surat Basins are now regarded as mature exploration provinces and the majority of the producing oil and gas fields are nearing depletion, considerable potential still exists for the discovery of small, commercial petroleum accumulations. The proximity of established infrastructure in the two basins enhances the prospectivity of many of the smaller, potential petroleum traps which otherwise may have been deemed uneconomic. The information compiled in this report makes valuable reading for petroleum explorers interested in evaluating these important petroleum producing basins. Paul E. Williamson Director Petroleum Resources Branch Bureau of Resource Sciences iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT . 1 1. INTRODUCTION . 2 2. BASIN SETTING . 3 3. EXPLORATION HISTORY . 6 4. BOWEN BASIN . 10 4.1 Basin Evolution and Stratigraphy . 10 4.2 Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Seals . 14 4.2.1 Basement Reservoirs. 14 4.2.2 Reids Dome beds. 14 4.2.3 Cattle Creek Formation. 16 4.2.4 Aldebaran Sandstone. 17 4.2.5 Freitag Formation. 17 4.2.6 Ingelara Formation. 19 4.2.7 Catherine Sandstone. 19 4.2.8 Peawaddy Formation and Mantuan Formation. 21 4.2.9 Tinowon Formation. 23 4.2.10 Back Creek Group. 23 4.2.11 Bandanna Formation. 24 4.2.12 Blackwater Group and ‘Kianga Formation’. 24 4.2.13 ‘Rewan Formation’. 25 4.2.14 Showgrounds Sandstone. 29 4.2.15 ‘Clematis Sandstone’. 33 4.2.16 Moolayember Formation, ‘Wandoan Formation’ and . ‘Wandoan Sandstone’. 35 5. SURAT BASIN . 38 5.1 Basin Evolution and Stratigraphy . 38 5.2 Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Seals . 43 5.2.1 Precipice Sandstone. 43 5.2.2 Evergreen Formation. 47 5.2.3 Hutton Sandstone. 52 5.2.4 Walloon Coal Measures. 52 5.2.5 Westbourne Formation. 53 6. HYDROCARBON SOURCE ROCKS AND MATURATION . 54 6.1 Hydrocarbon Source Rocks . 54 6.2 Thermal Maturation . 54 6.3 Timing of Oil and Gas Generation . 55 v 7. HYDROCARBON CHARACTERISATION . 58 7.1 Oil. 58 7.2 Gas. 58 8. SELECTED PETROLEUM ACCUMULATIONS . 64 8.1 Oil Accumulations. 64 8.1.1 Alton. 64 8.1.2 Moonie . 65 8.2 Denison Trough Gas Accumulations. 67 8.2.1 Arcturus. 67 8.2.2 Glentulloch. 69 8.2.3 Merivale. 69 8.2.4 Rolleston. 70 8.2.5 Westgrove. 71 8.2.6 Yellowbank. 72 8.3 Roma Shelf Oil and Gas Accumulations. 72 8.3.1 Bony Creek. 72 8.3.2 Grafton Range. 74 8.3.3 Pickanjinnie. 75 8.3.4 Pleasant Hills. 76 8.3.5 Richmond. 78 8.3.6 Tarrawonga. 79 9. OIL AND GAS RESERVES . 82 9.1 Oil. 82 9.2 Gas. 82 10. INFRASTRUCTURE. 92 10.1 Pipelines. 92 10.2 Kincora LPG Plant. 93 10.3 ML1A Pipeline Station. 95 10.4 Wallumbilla LPG Processing Plant. 96 10.5 Denison Trough Central Treatment Plant. 97 10.6 Rolleston Gas Plant. 98 11. CLARENCE-MORETON BASIN . 109 11.1 Basin Evolution and Stratigraphy. 109 11.2 Exploration History and Petroleum Discoveries. 112 11.3 Petroleum Potential. 113 11.3.1 Reservoirs and Seals. 113 11.3.2 Source Rocks and Maturation. 114 12. GEORGINA BASIN . 117 12.1 Basin Evolution and Stratigraphy. 117 12.2 Exploration History, Petroleum Discoveries and Petroleum Potential . 119 13. GUNNEDAH BASIN . 123 vi 13.1 Basin Evolution and Stratigraphy. 123 13.2 Exploration History and Petroleum Discoveries. 127 13.3 Petroleum Potential. 128 13.3.1 Traps. 128 13.3.2 Reservoirs and Seals. 129 13.3.3 Source Rocks and Maturation. 130 14. McARTHUR BASIN . 133 14.1 Basin Evolution and Stratigraphy. 133 14.2 Exploration History and Petroleum Discoveries. 136 14.3 Petroleum Potential. 138 13.3.1 Reservoirs and Seals. 138 13.3.2 Source Rocks and Maturation. 139 15. SYDNEY BASIN. 142 15.1 Basin Evolution and Stratigraphy. 142 15.2 Exploration History and Petroleum Discoveries. 145 15.3 Petroleum Potential. 147 15.3.1 Reservoirs and Seals. 147 15.3.2 Source Rocks and Maturation. 148 REFERENCES . 150 APPENDIX 1 : . 155 ACCUMULATION SUMMARIES, BOWEN AND SURAT BASINS 155 Aldinga North . 156 Alton . 157 Anabranch . 163 Arcadia . 165 Arcturus . 166 Avondale . 173 Back Creek . 178 Bainbilla . 182 Bardloming . 184 Bardloming South . 186 Beaufort . 188 Beechwood . 192 Beldene . 196 Bellbird . 200 Bendee . 203 Bengalla . 205 Bennett . 207 Beranga South . 211 Berwick . 214 Blackbutt . 217 Bloodwood . 220 Blyth Creek . 223 Bobadilla . 228 Boggo Creek . 230 vii Bony Creek . 234 Borah Creek . 239 Bottletree . 245 Boxleigh . 248 Broadway . 254 Bungarie . 258 Bungil . 260 Burgoyne . 263 Burunga . 265 Cabawin . 269 Caneon . 274 Carbean . 277 Cardigan . 281 Caxton . 282 Chantara . 283 Cherwondah . 286 Chesney . 288 Cockatoo . 290 Cogoon River . 292 Cogoon River West . 296 Colgoon . 298 Combarngo . 304 Conloi . 306 Coolibah . 309 Crossmaglen . 312 Damper Creek . 314 Deepwater . 317 Didgeridoo . 321 Dirinda . 324 Donga . 327 Duarran . 329 Dulacca . 333 East Glen . 334 Eluanbrook . 336 Euthulla . 339 Euthulla South . 343 Fairymount . 344 Glen Fosslyn . 348 Glen Loth . 351 Glentulloch . 353 Grafton Range . 357 Griman Creek . 362 Harbour . 364 Hollyrood . 367 Hope Creek . 370 Hospital Hill . 373 Humbug Creek . 375 Hutton Creek . 377 Inderi . 378 viii Kanaloo . 380 Kincora . 383 Kinkabilla . 390 Kungarri . 392 Lamen . 394 Lancewood . 398 Landor . 400 Lark . 402 Latemore . 404 Latemore South . 407 Leichhardt . 409 Link . 413 Louise . 415 Lowesby . 419 Lyndon Caves . 421 Maffra . 424 Major . 429 Major South . 433 Mamaree . 433 Martini . 436 Mascotte . 438 Mayfield . 442 McGregor . 445 McWhirter . 447 Mentor . 451 Merivale . 453 Merrit . 458 Merroombil . 461 Mindagabie . 464 Mooga . 467 Moonie . 471 Moorooloo . 478 Mount Bassett . 482 Myall Creek . 483 Myrtleville . 486 Namarah . 490 Narrows . 495 Newington . 497 Newstead . 500 Noorindoo . 503 North Boundary . 508 North Boxleigh . 510 North Sirrah . 513 Norwood . 515 Oberina . 518 Parknook . 521 Pickanjinnie . 525 Pine Ridge . 532 Pleasant Hills . 538 ix Pringle Downs . 544 Punchbowl Gully . 549 Raslie . 553 Rednook . 559 Reids Dome . 561 Richmond . 562 Riverslea . 568 Rockwood . 572 Rockwood North . 574 Rolleston . 575 Roma . 582 Roswin . 583 Roswin North . 588 Roswin West . 586 Royston . 590 Samari Plains . 594 Sandy Creek . 596 Scotia . 601 Silver Springs/Renlim . 603 Sirrah . 608 Snake Creek . 612 Snake Creek East . 617 Springton . 618 Springvale . 623 Stakeyard . 627 Sunnybank . 629 Tarrawonga . 632 Taylor . 637 Thomby . 641 Thomby Creek . 643 Tiggrigie Creek . 646 Timbury Hills . 648 Tinker . 652 Trinidad . 655 Turkey Creek .
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