Review of State Conservation Areas

Home , Arakwal National Park, Budawang National Park, Bundjalung National Park, Bungonia National Park, Clarence Moreton Basin, Conjola National Park

Report of the first five-year review of State Conservation Areas under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974

November 2008 Cover photos (clockwise from left): Trial Bay Goal, Arakoon SCA (DECC); Glenrock SCA (B. Peters, DECC); Banksia, Bent Basin SCA (M. Lauder, DECC); Glenrock SCA (B. Peters, DECC).

© Copyright State of NSW and Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW. The Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW and State of NSW are pleased to allow this material to be reproduced for educational or non-commercial purposes in whole or in part, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. Specific permission is required for the reproduction of photographs.

Published by: Department of Environment and Climate Change 59–61 Goulburn Street PO Box A290 Sydney South 1232 Ph: (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard) Ph: 131 555 (environment information and publications requests) Ph: 1300 361 967 (national parks information and publications requests) Fax: (02) 9995 5999 TTY: (02) 9211 4723 Email: [email protected] Website: www.environment.nsw.gov.au

ISBN 978-1-74122-981-3 DECC 2008/516 November 2008 Printed on recycled paper Contents

Minister’s Foreword iii

Part 1 – State Conservations Areas 1 State Conservation Areas 4 Exploration and mining in NSW 6 History and current trends 6 Titles 7 Assessments 7 Compliance and rehabilitation 8 Renewals 8 Exploration and mining in State Conservation Areas 9 The five-year review 10 Purpose of the review 10 Terms of reference 10 The review process 10 Summary of the decision-making process for the SCA review 12

Part 2 – Review Findings 13 Review findings 14 Individual SCA review findings 16 Central Coast Region 16 Hunter Region 24 Illawarra Region 54 New England / North West Region 74 North Coast Region 122 Riverina / Murray Region 198 South East Region 208 South West Sydney Region 230 Western NSW Region 242 Western Sydney Region 266

Appendix A Exploration and mining titles 270 Appendix B Mineral groups 272 Index of State Conservation Areas 273

Minister’s foreword

State conservation areas (SCAs) form an important reserve category in the State’s national parks network. These areas, totalling 619 149 ha or 9.3% of the total national parks system, protect natural and cultural heritage values and provide recreational opportunities. Unlike national parks and other reserves, SCAs also allow for exploration and mining to occur. This enables land that is important for its mineral values, but which also has significant natural and cultural heritage values, to be reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 and managed for conservation, public appreciation and enjoyment, without unnecessarily restricting mining and exploration activity.

Mining is an important industry in NSW. It is vital for many of the goods and services that are essential to maintaining our lifestyle, and it brings significant social and economic benefits to rural and regional NSW. To protect our environment, exploration and mining activities are carefully managed across the State, regardless of land tenure. Exploration and mining proposals are subject to strict environmental assessment laws to mitigate their impacts on the natural and cultural environment. Once mining has ceased in an area, requirements for environmental rehabilitation are strictly enforced.

The NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change and the NSW Department of Primary Industries work closely and cooperatively to ensure that any exploration or mining activities proposed in SCAs are subject to rigorous environmental impact assessment, while also allowing the mining industry to have the access it needs to carry out its business.

Land that is initially reserved as an SCA may not always be required for exploration and mining. Exploration might reveal that the land, or part of it, does not hold the type or extent of mineral value anticipated. Or, mining might exhaust the resources. In these situations, the SCA category may no longer be required.

The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 requires the Minister for Climate Change and the Environment to review the status of land within SCAs every five years and give reasons as to why that land should or should not be reserved as a national park or nature reserve. SCAs can be reserved as national parks or nature reserves by the publication of an order in the NSW Government Gazette if there are no exploration or mining titles that apply to them, and with the concurrence of the Minister for Primary Industries.

Under the terms of the review, if there is no longer a reason to provide for exploration and mining in an SCA, then the land should be reserved as a national park or nature reserve and managed primarily for conservation and for public enjoyment and appreciation.

I am pleased to present the findings of the first review, which recommends that land within ten SCAs be converted to national park or nature reserve.

Carmel Tebbutt MP Minister for Climate Change and the Environment

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PART 1

STATE CONSERVATION AREAS

Review of State Conservation Areas 1

State Conservation Areas in NSW

2 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 3

State Conservation Areas

The state conservation area (SCA) is a category of reserve under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (the NPW Act). SCAs protect natural and cultural heritage values and provide recreational opportunities. However, unlike other reserves such as national parks and nature reserves, they also provide for other uses including mineral exploration and mining, and petroleum exploration and production. SCA is the only reserve category that allows for exploration and mining.

Because SCAs provide for these dual uses, they form an important category in the public reserve system. SCAs provide an opportunity for lands to be included in the national parks system that, because of their mineral interests, might otherwise not have been available for active conservation management and public appreciation and enjoyment.

SCAs were introduced as a reserve category under the NPW Act in 2002. This amendment also changed all existing state recreation areas (SRAs) to SCAs. SRAs allowed for mining and mineral exploration, yet many were established for recreation purposes only and have no mineral values.

A new class of reserve, called a community conservation area (CCA), was also created in 2005. A CCA is divided into four zones, with zone 3 being the equivalent of an SCA. CCAs are therefore included in this review. Of the 127 reserves that are considered to be SCAs for the purposes of this review, 19 are classified as CCA Zone 3 SCAs.

The intention of the SCA category is to reserve lands ‘only where conservation values and mineral values do not allow for reservation under any other reserve category, such as national park or nature reserve’ (Minister for the Environment, Second Reading Speech, December 2001).

As at 2 October 2007, there were 127 SCAs (including parts of the Brigalow and Nandewar CCA that are zoned 3), covering about 619 149 ha, or 9.3% of the public reserve network in NSW. They protect natural and cultural heritage values in landscapes ranging from coastal scrub and rainforest to rangelands, and may include habitat for threatened species or significant Aboriginal sites. Of all the reserve categories under the NPW Act, SCAs are making up an increasingly higher proportion of new reservations: over 100 of the SCAs have been created after the category was introduced in October 2002.

These new reserves are often additions to existing reserves and may have been previously State forests, Crown land or private land. Many SCAs were created as a result of the NSW Government’s regional forest agreements which, among other things, identified high conservation value forests. These agreements were based on the findings of comprehensive regional assessments. Each reservation of an SCA follows the finding by the Department of Primary Industries (DPI) that the area’s mineral values warrant its reservation as a dual-purpose reserve.

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Of the 127 SCAs reviewed, 99 have exploration and/or mining titles applying to them and are therefore prevented from being reserved as national parks or nature reserves under the SCA provisions of the NPW Act. It is anticipated that the number of SCAs to be reserved as national parks or nature reserves will initially be low and then increase over time as more SCAs are explored, information is improved and further reviews are conducted.

Some reserves, including SCAs and other reserves under the NPW Act, have a depth restriction, which means that the land is reserved only to a certain depth, as specified in the NSW Government Gazette. Any exploration and mining activity below that depth would not be subject to the NPW Act, but would be subject to other relevant environmental legislation.

Review of State Conservation Areas 5

Exploration and mining in NSW

History and current trends Exploration and mining in NSW have a long history, starting with the discovery of coal in Newcastle in the late 1700s, gold in the Central West in the mid 1800s, and silver in Broken Hill in the late 1800s. Many regional areas were developed following mineral discoveries and the subsequent building of mines and communities. Mining continues to provide important investment and employment opportunities in regional NSW, including Broken Hill, Cobar, Wollongong, Orange, Parkes, West Wyalong, the Hunter Valley and New England.

Demand for mineral and energy commodities tends to fluctuate in boom and bust cycles. In the past, this has resulted in intermittent periods of high levels of exploration, yet much of NSW has been subject to only cursory investigation of mineral or energy resource potential. Advances in technology and improved knowledge of the State’s geology are now making the discovery of mineral and energy deposits possible in areas previously thought to have no potential. Demand for traditional mineral commodities (gold, copper, silver, lead and zinc; limestone and clay) and energy resources (coal and petroleum) and for commodities in which renewed interest has been shown (tin, indium, tungsten, rare earth metals, titanium, coal seam gas and geothermal energy) has increased in recent years, leading to higher prices and the re- evaluation of deposits that were previously thought to be uneconomical to extract.

The recent growth in demand for resources from China and increases in oil and gold prices have led to a boom in exploration for a wide range of commodities. Forecasts indicate that demand will remain strong for the short to medium term, allowing the lead time necessary to discover and develop new resources.

The discovery and development of coal seam gas resources near Camden and natural gas near Narrabri have led to a record number of petroleum exploration titles over the State’s sedimentary basins. In addition to the potential for petroleum, these basins also hold potential for geothermal resources and potential storage reservoirs for greenhouse gases.

Renewed demand for minerals such as tin, nickel, tungsten and iron ore is driving exploration in the New England, Wagga Wagga and Lake Cargelligo regions and in the far north-west of the State. Recent discoveries and development of mineral sand resources have led to coverage of much of the NSW portion of the Murray Basin in exploration licences for mineral sands.

The NSW Government’s New Frontiers initiative to promote exploration investment in new and relatively under-explored areas over recent years has delivered new geoscience information to encourage exploration. The north-west and south-west of NSW have historically received little exploration interest owing to the high risk involved in exploring in areas with an unknown depth of overlying sediments and basement rocks of unknown nature. The release of new geoscience information has led to new exploration licences in these areas for metallic minerals.

The Geological Survey Branch in the NSW Department of Primary Industries is the state's principal geoscience agency, and provides information and advice to government, the exploration and mining industry and the community on the state's geology and mineral resources. The Geological Survey assesses the state's mineral and energy resources and geology and provides a comprehensive information

6 Review of State Conservation Areas

framework to optimise responsible exploration and development, and inform resource, land use and infrastructure planning.

High demand and high prices, together with advances in technology and new discoveries, have led to a boom in the exploration and mining industry in NSW. Mineral production in the State totalled $12.3 billion in 2006–07, of which coal production accounted for $8.1 billion. This delivered $489 million in royalties to NSW over the same period. The mining industry employed approximately 21 000 workers directly and at least three times this number indirectly, predominantly in regional areas of NSW. Exploration expenditure in NSW is currently at record levels, with $191 million invested in exploration in 2006–07 and $256 million in 2007–08.

Titles Exploration and mining in NSW are conducted under licences and leases issued by the Mineral Resources Division of the Department of Primary Industries (DPI). Exploration licences are granted for different mineral groups (see Appendix B) and petroleum under the provisions of the Mining Act 1992 and the Petroleum (Onshore) Act 1991.

Any individual or company can apply for an exploration title in NSW. However, before a title is granted, the applicant must satisfactorily explain its proposed program and expenditure, demonstrate its technical, environmental and financial capacity to conduct the program, and explain how it will rehabilitate any disturbance and report the results, as required under the conditions of the exploration licence.

A security guarantee must also be lodged before a title is granted. The application process ensures that titles are granted only to applicants who have the skills and capacity to comply with all requirements.

Once a title has been granted, title holders must negotiate a private access agreement with every landowner whose land they wish to explore. Access agreements can cover issues such as access routes, times of operation, and compensation for disturbance and loss of production.

Assessments All proposed exploration and mining activities in NSW are subject to the environmental assessment requirements of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (the EP&A Act). The level of environmental assessment varies according to the nature of the proposal and the potential scale of impact. For example, all coal mining and mineral sands mining (including within SCAs) is subject to the major project provisions of Part 3A of the EP&A Act. In contrast, low-impact exploration activities are often assessed using reviews of environmental factors prepared to meet the requirements of Part 5 of the EP&A Act.

In many instances, exploration and mining activities are also subject to the provisions of other environmental and natural resource legislation. This includes both NSW and Commonwealth legislation that regulates the impacts of development on threatened species, native vegetation, air and noise pollution, rivers and groundwater, and Aboriginal and historic heritage.

Proposals for exploration and mining are also required to provide plans for rehabilitation, and title holders must report on the implementation of these plans. In addition, title holders are required to provide security deposits to cover rehabilitation costs before starting any exploration or mining that would require rehabilitation.

Review of State Conservation Areas 7

Further information on the environmental assessment and approval processes related to exploration and mining is available at www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/minerals/environment.

Compliance and rehabilitation The DPI regulates compliance with exploration and mining legislation to ensure that legal requirements and title conditions are satisfied, including conditions to conduct proposed exploration, to report on results and to rehabilitate disturbance. The DPI also regulates health and safety risks on exploration and mining sites. Where exploration or mining is occurring in SCAs, the Department of Environment and Climate Change (DECC) also has a role in ensuring regulatory compliance.

Renewals Before an exploration or mining title expires, the title holder can apply to renew the title for a further term. The assessment of renewal applications is similar to that for applications for new titles, with the addition of comparing the title holder’s performance under the current title against its proposed program. Mining and petroleum legislation requires holders of exploration licences to reduce the size of their titles upon renewal, on the premise that the findings of exploration already conducted should allow the explorer to zoom in on resources, narrowing the search.

Information about exploration and mining in NSW, including the location and duration of titles and who holds them, is available on the DPI website at www.dpi.nsw.gov.au. Information about the different types of exploration licences and mining titles issued by DPI is provided in Appendix A.

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Exploration and mining in State Conservation Areas

Exploration and mining activities within SCAs must have the consent of both the Minister for Primary Industries and the Minister for Climate Change and the Environment. As mentioned above, the environmental impacts of these activities are also subject to close scrutiny under the requirements of the EP&A Act.

These consent and environmental assessment mechanisms ensure that the dual purposes of SCAs are taken into account before any exploration or mining activity proceeds. They also provide an opportunity for proposals within SCAs to be rigorously and transparently assessed.

Many exploration and mining activities that are occurring within SCAs are existing uses – they were occurring before the land was reserved under the NPW Act. To date, only a small number of proposals for mineral exploration in SCAs have been assessed and approved, but no proposals for mining have been received. However, there is increasing interest in exploration in SCAs due to the mining boom, particularly in the Central West and New England.

The DPI and DECC are continuing to work together to ensure that the processes for the assessment and approval of exploration and mining within SCAs are clear and straightforward. Updated guidelines will be prepared to reflect current legislative requirements and to identify the steps that need to be undertaken by companies and individuals seeking to initiate exploration or mining activities within SCAs. The guidelines will seek to ensure that the level of assessment required relates to the likely environmental impact of the activity. For example, routine and low-impact activities, such as reconnaissance exploration, should require comparatively less assessment than an actual mining proposal (which, as noted above, would be subject to the major project provisions of Part 3A of the EP&A Act).

Review of State Conservation Areas 9

The five-year review

Purpose of the review The dual-purpose SCA designation (providing for conservation and allowing exploration and mining) is not likely to be required for all SCAs indefinitely, for example, if mining in an SCA ceases and the land is rehabilitated, or if mineral values are not found in an SCA.

If the dual-purpose SCA designation is no longer required, the NPW Act allows the SCA to be changed to a national park or nature reserve by publication of a notice in the NSW Government Gazette. Normally, a change in reserve category under the NPW Act requires an Act of Parliament.

Terms of reference The Minister administering the NPW Act is to review, every five years after the commencement of section 47M (Review of classification as state conservation area), the status of land within SCAs. This section commenced on 2 October 2002.

The Minister is to give reasons as to why such land should or should not be reserved as a national park or a nature reserve. This review is to be done in consultation with the Minister administering the Mining Act 1992.

Reserve category changes from SCA to either national park or nature reserve can be made via a NSW Government Gazette notice, but only with the concurrence of the Minister administering the Mining Act. The results of the review are to be made available to the public at the DECC/NPWS head office and on the DECC website.

The review process This first review of SCAs commenced in October 2007, five years after the SCA category was introduced in the NPW Act, and continued over a six-month period to 30 April 2008. Any titles held or applied for during that period were considered in the review.

This first five-year review identifies those SCAs that are currently the subject of exploration or mining titles; have identified mineral values from past exploration and mining activity; and/or have geology that indicates potential mineral values which have not been adequately tested. Importantly, it also establishes a consistent, transparent and evidence-based process for future reviews.

For all lands reserved as SCAs, the review identifies whether or not the dual-purpose SCA category is still required. This requires a review of mineral values only, as the conservation values of lands reserved as SCAs are already accepted.

In conducting the review, the Minister is in effect asking the question, ‘Is the dual- purpose reserve category still required?’ To answer this for each of the 127 SCAs in the State’s public reserve network at the commencement of the review, DECC, in consultation with DPI, developed a three-step decision process to identify those SCAs that should be reserved as national parks or nature reserves:

Firstly, do mining or exploration titles apply to land within the SCA? If yes, then the dual-purpose reserve category is still required. Also, under the NPW Act, land that is

10 Review of State Conservation Areas

subject to mining or exploration titles cannot be reserved as national park or nature reserve by NSW Government Gazette notice.

Secondly, does the land within the SCA contain significant mineral values? If yes, and the land is likely to be the subject of exploration and mining activity in the future, then the dual-purpose category is still required. These recommendations are supported by a description of the relevant geological evidence.

Thirdly, have the mineral values of the land been investigated? If not, but the geology of the surrounding area suggests that mineral values are likely to be found, then the dual-purpose reserve category is still required.

For those SCAs that are recommended to be reserved as a national park or nature reserve, the recommendation for the most appropriate reserve category is based on: the original conservation assessment of the area; consideration of the different management principles for national parks and nature reserves; and the landscape in which the reserve is situated.

The level of interest and prospectivity in SCAs varies significantly:

• Some SCAs have numerous titles for both exploration and mining for a range of minerals and petroleum. For example, the Illawarra Escarpment SCA has mining and exploration titles for petroleum, coal, agricultural lime and geothermal substances. Reserves like this appropriately belong in the SCA category. • Some SCAs have only one or two exploration titles. For example, the Paroo– Darling SCA has exploration titles for petroleum. Such reserves need to remain in the SCA category to allow for exploration or for future mining or petroleum production (depending on the findings of the exploration), subject to environmental assessment. If mineral values are not found during exploration, the SCA might be reserved as a national park or nature reserve in the future. • Some SCAs do not have any exploration or mining titles applying to them, but have clear mineral values, supported by geological evidence. For example, Bulahdelah SCA. • Other SCAs without titles have unknown but potential mineral values, and should remain as SCAs to allow for future exploration to determine potential. For example, Curracabundi SCA. • Other SCAs have no titles and no known mineral values, such as Arakoon SCA. These reserves are appropriate for reservation as national parks or nature reserves.

Review of State Conservation Areas 11

Summary of decision-making process for the SCA Review

1. Do any exploration or mining titles apply to the land reserved as an SCA?

Yes No Recommend that the land Go to Question 2 remain reserved as an SCA

2. Is there geological evidence of mineral values in the land reserved as an SCA?

Yes No Recommend that the land Go to Question 3 remain reserved as an SCA

3. Are there potential, but not yet investigated, mineral values in the land reserved as SCA?

Yes No Recommend that the land Recommend that the land be remain reserved as an SCA reserved as a national park or nature reserve

This review will be repeated every five years to take into account the dynamic nature of the exploration and mining industry. Information about the geology of land in SCAs is continuously being improved through exploration and geological surveys, and will inform future reviews. This means that if an SCA is not be able to be reserved as a national park or nature reserve as an outcome of this first SCA review because of its mineral potential, it will be reviewed again every five years, based on improved information.

Future exploration may find that an SCA believed to hold potential mineral values does not in fact hold these values, and the SCA might then be reserved as a national park or nature reserve. Should any SCAs be reserved as national parks or nature reserves between reviews, these will be reported on as part of the next review.

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PART 2

REVIEW FINDINGS

Review of State Conservation Areas 13

Review findings

The first five-year review of state conservation areas has found that the dual-purpose SCA category is no longer needed for 6 SCAs and parts of 4 SCAs – 10 parcels of land, totalling approximately 4100 ha.

The recommendations are summarised below. For more detailed information on each SCA, please refer to the next section of the report.

SCAs recommended for reservation as national parks

Current category Future category

Arakoon SCA Arakoon National Park

Barnunj SCA Add to Meroo National Park

Barrington Tops SCA (about 1950 ha in the Add to Barrington Tops National Park southern part of the western portion only)

Bungonia SCA (about 770 ha in the north- Bungonia National Park eastern corner only)

Corramy SCA (about 565 ha in the south- Add to Conjola National Park west portion only)

Georges River SCA Add to Georges River National Park

Guy Fawkes River SCA (about 390 ha, being Add to Guy Fawkes River National Park the smaller southern portion only)

Yarriabini SCA Add to Yarriabini National Park

SCAs recommended for reservation as nature reserves

Current category Future category

Bridal Veil Falls SCA Add to Bridal Veil Falls Nature Reserve

Fishermans Bend SCA Add to Fishermans Bend Nature Reserve

Two SCAs are recommended to remain SCAs for reasons other than mineral and petroleum values. Cape Byron SCA is managed by the Cape Byron Trust and should remain an SCA because the NPW Act does not provide for trust management of a national park or nature reserve. In Corramy SCA, the north-east portion is recognised as having particular recreation values and would most appropriately be reserved as a regional park. This portion should therefore remain an SCA until such time as it can be considered for reservation as a regional park.

All other SCAs should remain as SCAs because they: • have exploration or mining titles and cannot be changed by the Minister under the NPW Act; or • have geological evidence of mineral values; or • have untested mineral values.

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These SCAs will be reviewed again in five years. Many exploration and mining titles will expire during this time, and those over SCA lands may or may not be renewed. The results of exploration during this time may also improve geological knowledge, confirming either the presence or absence of mineral values. In the event that the DPI and DECC review SCAs and the relevant Ministers agree to reserve them as national parks or nature reserves before the next five-year review, the changes will be reported in the next review.

The next section of this report presents the findings of the review for each SCA. The SCAs have been grouped according to their NSW State Plan region, as shown in the figure below. An alphabetical list of SCAs is also provided in the index.

Figure 1 State Plan Regions of NSW

The following general information about each SCA is also provided: • The size of the SCA and date of reservation, as published in the Government Gazette. • Its location and relevant National Parks and Wildlife Service administrative area and region. • Former land tenure, vegetation class (based on the Keith classification system) and the relevant biogeographic subregion, drawn from the interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA). Information on the Keith vegetation classification system can be found at: www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw. gov.au/tsprofile/home_vegetation.aspx, and on the biogeographic subregions of NSW at: www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/science/bioregion- framework/index.html. • Descriptions of the geology and associated mineral and petroleum values, and reasons for the final recommendations. The geology in many SCAs is not well understood, and geological descriptions are provided for the wider area where it is not possible to distinguish between the known or likely geological values that occur within the SCA boundaries and in the wider area. Information on exploration or mining titles is correct as at 30 April 2008. Detailed information about exploration and mining titles, including their location and who holds them, can be obtained from the DPI website at www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/, through the MINVIEW facility.

Review of State Conservation Areas 15

Individual SCA Review Findings

Central Coast Region

Jilliby SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 12 159 ha Central Coast – 1 July 2003 Hunter Range Region

Description

Jilliby SCA is located in the Lakes Area of the Central Coast – Hunter Range Region, approximately 13 km west of Wyong. It was created in July 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2003. The SCA provides an almost continuous link between Watagans National Park in the north and Brisbane Water NP in the south, and features predominantly wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby and grassy subformations) of the Coastal Dissected Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area is dominated by the Narrabeen Group, which overlies the Newcastle coal measures. Previous coal exploration has identified significant underground coal resources in the SCA, and there is evidence of coal seam methane. The SCA may be required for access to the coal seam methane.

Recommendation Jilliby SCA should remain an SCA.

Reason Exploration titles apply in the reserve, which means the SCA cannot be reserved as a national park or nature reserve under the NPW Act, and must remain an SCA to allow for exploration or mining, subject to environmental assessment.

16 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 17

Central Coast Region

Lake Macquarie SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 761 ha Central Coast – 18 April 1997 Hunter Range Region

Description

Lake Macquarie SCA is located in the Lakes Area of the Central Coast – Hunter Range Region, approximately 26 km south of Newcastle. It was created in April 1997 from a former State Recreation Area, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. Additional Crown land was added to the SCA under the National Park Estate (Lower Hunter Region Reservations) Act 2006. The SCA consists of several separate parcels of land featuring dry sclerophyll forests and saline wetlands of the Central Coastal Landscapes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

Mining titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area is dominated by the Narrabeen Group, which overlies the Newcastle coal measures. Coal mining is currently occurring in the SCA. Exploration for coal seam gas is also currently under way in the wider area.

Recommendation Lake Macquarie SCA should remain an SCA.

Reason Exploration and mining titles apply in the reserve, which means the SCA cannot be reserved as a national park or nature reserve under the NPW Act, and must remain an SCA to allow for exploration or mining, subject to environmental assessment.

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Review of State Conservation Areas 19

Central Coast Region

Munmorah SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1530 ha Central Coast – 1 April 1977 Hunter Range Region

Description

Munmorah SCA is located in the Lakes Area of the Central Coast – Hunter Range Region, approximately 20 km north of The Entrance. It was created in April 1977 from a former State Recreation Area, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to Lake Macquarie SCA, and features predominantly heathlands of the Central Coastal Landscapes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Groups 4 and 9 and Petroleum

Mining titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area is dominated by the Narrabeen Group, which overlies the Newcastle coal measures. Previous coal mining has exhausted most of the coal resources in the SCA, but there is high coal seam gas potential, and exploration in the area is currently under way.

Recommendation Munmorah SCA should remain an SCA.

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Review of State Conservation Areas 21

Central Coast Region

Tuggerah SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 126 ha Central Coast – 1 February 2007 Hunter Range Region

Description

Tuggerah SCA is located in the Lakes Area of the Central Coast – Hunter Range Region, approximately 6 km west of The Entrance. It was created in February 2007 from former Crown land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies a short distance from Tuggerah National Park, and features forested and saline wetlands of the Central Coastal Landscapes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The surface geology of the SCA is dominated by alluvium associated with the Wyong River. Underlying the alluvium are Narrabeen Group sediments and the Newcastle coal measures. This SCA is in a built-up area with limited opportunities to access geological resources and may be required to access coal resources. Coal seam gas exploration is also under way in the wider area.

Recommendation Tuggerah SCA should remain an SCA.

22 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 23

Hunter Region

Barrington Tops SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 8446 ha Hunter Region 1 January 2003

Description

Barrington Tops SCA is located in the Upper Hunter Area of the Hunter Region, approximately 90km north-west of Newcastle. It was created in January 2003 from the former Polblue and Barrington Tops Crown Reserves (Teagan and Bradley portions) as an outcome of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North-East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA adjoins the north-western boundary of Barrington Tops National Park, and features wet sclerophyll forests, moving into cool temperate rainforests, of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 6

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

Barrington Tops SCA consists of three discrete areas, each characterised by different geologies. The area covered by the SCA has been almost continuously subject to exploration licences. The geology of the western area (the largest) consists of Carboniferous rocks that include a wide range of sedimentary and volcanic rock types. These rocks host a major gold province to the west. The Carboniferous rocks are intruded by the Barrington Tops Granodiorite, and both units are in turn overlain by Tertiary basalt (Comboyne Basalt) along with thin alluvial sediments. Within this area is the Paddys Brush Flora Reserve, in which exploration and mining are not permissible. The geology of the central and eastern areas consists mainly of sedimentary rocks with minor volcanic rocks of the Carboniferous Parry Group.

Recommendation The southern part of the western parcel of Barrington Tops SCA (about 1950 ha) should be reserved as a national park, and the rest should remain an SCA.

Reason Southern part of the larger western parcel: There are no exploration or mining titles and limited geological evidence of mineral values, and the dual-purpose SCA category is no longer required.

Northern part of the western parcel and the two smaller eastern parcels: Exploration titles apply in the reserve, which means this part of the SCA cannot be reserved as a national park or nature reserve under the NPW Act, and must remain an SCA to allow for exploration or mining, subject to environmental assessment.

24 Review of State Conservation Areas

Portion of the western parcel of Barrington Tops SCA recommended for reservation as a NP.

Review of State Conservation Areas 25

Hunter Region

Black Bulga SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1554 ha Hunter Region 1 July 2003

Description

Black Bulga SCA is located in the Barrington Area of the Hunter Region, approximately 16 km north of Dungog. It was created in July 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2003. The SCA adjoins state forest to form a bridge between Monkerai Nature Reserve and Barrington Tops National Park. It features wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby and shrub/grass subformations) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology consists of Carboniferous rocks that include siliciclastic sedimentary and lesser volcanic rocks of the Flagstaff Formation, and a wide range of sedimentary and volcanic rock types. The eastern part of the SCA covers the Nerong Volcanics, which are also of Carboniferous age. No mineral deposits are known within the SCA, however numerous mineral occurrences, including the Eclipse Mine and the Cherry Tree gold deposits, exist to the north and south of the SCA, including. Some exploration was conducted in the 1980s and 1990s. The area has not been well tested by modern exploration methods. The surrounding geology suggests the area may also be prospective for silver, as well as petroleum and gas, which may occur in Sydney– Gunnedah Basin rocks thrust below the surface volcanic rocks.

Recommendation Black Bulga SCA should remain an SCA.

Reason There are no exploration or mining titles, but the mineral values of the land have not been adequately investigated, and the reserve should remain an SCA to allow for exploration, subject to environmental assessment.

26 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 27

Hunter Region

Bulahdelah SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 138 ha Hunter Region 23 December 2005

Description

Bulahdelah SCA is located in the Great Lakes Area of the Hunter region, north of Bulahdelah Village covering a prominent ridge. It was created in December 2005, and lies a short distance from state forest to the east, and Myall Lakes and Ghin-Doo-Ee National Parks to the south-east and west. The SCA features wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation) characteristic of the Central Coastal Landscapes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area comprises the Alum Mountain Volcanics and lithic sandstone and minor pebbly conglomerate of the Bulahdelah Formation, both of which are of Permian age. The area also includes Quaternary sandy sediments of the Bulahdelah Plain. The area has been a source of alunite, which was mined historically from a number of deposits in similar rocks to the south of the SCA and from one deposit on the south-eastern margin of the SCA. The area also hosts epithermal-style gold and silver mineralisation, which has been the subject of exploration drilling. This area is prospective.

Recommendation Bulahdelah SCA should remain an SCA.

Reason There are no exploration or mining titles, but there is geological evidence of mineral values in the SCA, and the reserve should remain an SCA to allow for exploration and mining, subject to environmental assessment.

28 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 29

Hunter Region

Camerons Gorge SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 429 ha Hunter Region 23 December 2005

Description

Camerons Gorge SCA is located in the Upper Hunter Area of the Hunter Region, approximately 39 km north of Muswellbrook. It was created in December 2005 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process. The SCA extends Camerons Gorge Nature Reserve to the south, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the SCA is dominated by Carboniferous Seaham Formation mudstones and tillites just west of the Hunter Mooki thrust fault, which separates the New England Orogen from the Sydney Basin. The Highland Home gold prospect occurs in the northern corner of the SCA, and the whole area has potential for underthrust coal and gas. The SCA lies close to the Hunter Mooki thrust and represents a prospective area for underthrust gas potential as well as gold potential in the surface rocks.

Recommendation Camerons Gorge SCA should remain an SCA.

30 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 31

Hunter Region

Coneac SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 449 ha Hunter Region 1 January 2003

Description

Coneac SCA is located in the Barrington Area of the Hunter Region, approximately 23 km north-west of Gloucester. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies about 10 km south of Woko National Park and is bordered by State Forest to the east, and features wet sclerophyll forests (grassy and shrubby subformations) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of siliciclastic and minor carbonate units of the Carboniferous to Early Permian Parry Group. The Dead Bird gold mine lies to the north of the SCA, and Boorers Prospect lies to the west of the SCA. This area is prospective, with a significant gold field of orogenic style. The area is also prospective for petroleum and gas, which may occur in Sydney–Gunnedah Basin rocks thrust below the surface volcanic rocks. The area would need to be adequately tested with modern exploration methods to establish potential.

Recommendation Coneac SCA should remain an SCA.

32 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 33

Hunter Region

Copeland Tops SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2201 ha Hunter Region 1 July 2003

Description

Copeland Tops SCA is located in the Barrington Area of the Hunter Region, approximately 14 km west of Gloucester. It was created in July 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2003. The SCA features wet sclerophyll forests (grassy and shrubby subformations) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion. The closest reserve is Coneac SCA to the north.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Groups 1 and 6

Mining titles – Group 1

Geology and mineral values

The geology is dominated by the Early Carboniferous sediments of the Bowman Beds, and the SCA contains over 20 old mines and prospects for gold. The SCA contains the Copeland goldfield and an active mining lease. Accordingly the SCA status must remain.

Recommendation Copeland Tops SCA should remain an SCA.

34 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 35

Hunter Region

Curracabundi SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 729 ha Hunter Region 1 January 2003

Description

Curracabundi SCA is located in the Barrington Area of the Hunter Region, approximately 54 km north-west of Gloucester. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies adjacent to Curracabundi National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area comprises the Myra Beds, which are of Silurian to Devonian age. There are no known mineral occurrences, but there has been very little exploration, and geological knowledge is limited. A series of faults in the area suggest some mineral prospectivity. The area is the subject of ongoing study by the Geological Survey and the SCA would need to be adequately tested with modern exploration methods to establish potential.

Recommendation Curracabundi SCA should remain an SCA.

36 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 37

Hunter Region

Gir-um-bit SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 184 ha North Coast Region 1 July 2007

Description

Gir-um-bit SCA is located in the Hunter Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 16 km west of Nelson Bay. It was created in July 2007 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Lower Hunter Region Reservations) Act 2006. The SCA lies adjacent to [other parks], and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Central Coastal Landscapes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is covered by Pleistocene barrier dune sands which overlie sedimentary rocks and felsic volcanic rocks of Permian to Triassic age, deposited within the Sydney Basin. There has not been any previous petroleum exploration in the SCA, however, several structures that are prospective for petroleum accumulations were identified offshore from Stockton Bight in a seismic survey undertaken in 2003. The area has moderate to high potential for petroleum. Much of the SCA has previously been mined for heavy minerals. The Pleistocene dune sands contain deposits of heavy minerals that have previously been mined, but potential for further mining in the SCA is low.

Recommendation Gir-um-bit SCA should remain an SCA.

Reason An exploration title applies in the reserve, which means the SCA cannot be reserved as a national park or nature reserve under the NPW Act, and must remain an SCA to allow for exploration or mining, subject to environmental assessment.

38 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 39

Hunter Region

Glenrock SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 534 ha Hunter Region 20 June 1986

Description

Glenrock SCA is located in the Hunter Coast Area of the Hunter Region, approximately 5 km south of Newcastle. It was created in June 1986 from former freehold land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies on the coast just north of Awabakal Nature Reserve, and features dry sclerophyll forests, moving into heathlands, of the Central Coastal Landscapes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology comprises sedimentary rocks of the Newcastle coal measures, and the area has high potential for coal seam methane resources. There has been extensive coal mining within the SCA in the past, but further coal mining is unlikely. A cored hole previously drilled indicated good permeability in the coal seams. The SCA has high potential for coal seam gas and is one of the few large areas accessible for exploration in the area.

Recommendation Glenrock SCA should remain an SCA.

40 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 41

Hunter Region

Karuah SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 74 ha Hunter Region 1 January 2003

Description

Karuah SCA is located in the Hunter Coast Area of the Hunter Region, approximately 15 km east of Clarence Town. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA is bordered by Karuah National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Central Coastal Landscapes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology comprises clay and silt deposits of Tertiary or Quaternary age and volcanogenic sedimentary rocks of Devonian to Carboniferous age. The Tertiary sediments have potential for kaolin deposits similar to that mined nearby at Swan Bay. There is also untested petroleum potential in the SCA. The area would need to be adequately tested with modern exploration methods to establish potential.

Recommendation Karuah SCA should remain an SCA.

42 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 43

Hunter Region

Medowie SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2850 ha Hunter Region 1 January 2003

Description

Medowie SCA is located in the Hunter Coast Area of the Hunter Region, approximately 24 km west of Nelson Bay. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. Additional land from Karuah SCA and former State Forest was added under the National Park Estate (Lower Hunter Region Reservations) Act 2006. The irregularly- shaped SCA connects Karuah National Park and the smaller Medowie Nature Reserve, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Central Coastal Landscapes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 5 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area comprises Permian Tomago Coal Measures overlain in large part by clays and silts of Tertiary or Quaternary age with a maximum thickness of more than 20 m. The area has untested potential for coal and coal seam methane resources, and moderate to high petroleum potential. Kaolin is currently mined from a site adjacent to the SCA, and the SCA is prospective for similar resources.

Recommendation Medowie SCA should remain an SCA.

44 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 45

Hunter Region

Sugarloaf SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 3937 ha Central Coast – 1 July 2007 Hunter Range Region

Description

Sugarloaf SCA is located in the Lakes and Hunter Range areas of the Central Coast – Hunter Range Region, approximately 24 km west of Newcastle. It was created in July 2007 from former Crown land, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Lower Hunter Region Reservations) Act 2006. The SCA borders State Forest adjacent to Watagans National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Central Coastal Landscapes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

Mining titles – Groups 4 & 9 and Petroleum

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area is dominated by the Narrabeen Group, which overlies the Newcastle coal measures. Coal mining has recently commenced in the SCA, and coal and coal seam methane exploration is under way in the north of the wider area. The wider area is highly prospective for coal and coal seam methane.

Recommendation Sugarloaf SCA should remain an SCA.

46 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 47

Hunter Region

Tilligerry SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 4570 ha North Coast Region 1 July 2007

Description

Tilligerry SCA is located in the Hunter and Hunter Coast Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 20 km north of Newcastle. It was created in July 2007 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Lower Hunter Region Reservations) Act 2006. The SCA lies close to several small nature reserves and national parks set 6-8 km back from the coast, and features predominantly dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation), with some freshwater wetlands, of the Central Coastal Landscapes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

Mining titles – Groups 1 and 10

Geology and mineral values

The geology comprises Pleistocene barrier dune sands and Holocene alluvial sediments overlying Permian and Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Sydney Basin. A seismic survey undertaken in 2003 in an adjacent offshore area indicated the presence of several structures that are prospective for petroleum accumulations.

Recommendation Tilligerry SCA should remain an SCA.

48 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 49

Hunter Region

Werakata SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2257 ha Central Coast – 1 July 2007 Hunter Range Region

Description

Werakata SCA is located in the Hunter Range Area of the Central Coast Hunter Range Region, approximately 7 km south of Cessnock. It was created in July 2007 from former State Forest, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Lower Hunter Region Reservations) Act 2006. The SCA lies adjacent to Werakata National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Coastal Dissected Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

Mining titles – Group 9

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area is dominated by Branxton Formation sediments, which overlie coal measures. Coal mining is currently occurring at depth in the SCA, and coal and coal seam methane exploration is under way.

Recommendation Werakata SCA should remain an SCA.

50 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 51

Hunter Region

Worimi SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1043 ha Hunter Region 1 February 2007

Description

Worimi SCA is located in the Hunter Coast Area of the Hunter Region, approximately 13 km north-east of Newcastle. It was created in February 2007 from former Crown land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to the coastline and connects north and south with Worimi Regional Park. It features dry sclerophyll forests with predominantly shrubby subformation of the Central Coastal Landscapes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

Mining title – Group 10

Geology and mineral values

The area is dominated by the Quaternary sand deposits of Stockton Bight, which is a tract of mineral sand deposits. An old mine is currently being rehabilitated in the southern part of the SCA. The SCA lies in an area subject to a major seismic survey, which indicates the presence of nearshore structures in Stockton Bight that are prospective for petroleum and are likely to be explored in the future. Any exploration drilling of the near-shore target that might be proposed in the future would be conducted from a discrete location onshore.

Recommendation Worimi SCA should remain an SCA.

52 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 53

Illawarra Region

Bargo River SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1970 ha Sydney South Region 1 February 2007

Description

Bargo River SCA is located in the Nattai Area of the Sydney South region, 14 km from Mittagong. Created in 2007, It consists of two parcels of land located in between Bargo SCA and the Upper Nepean SCA, forming part of a chain of conservation reserves across southern Sydney. It features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Dissected Sandstone Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology comprises sedimentary rocks of the Sydney Basin, including Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone at the surface. The Illawarra Coal Measures underlie the area at depth. Coal resources exist within the Bulli and Wongawilli coal formations, and the area is significant for its coal seam methane and petroleum.

Recommendation Bargo River SCA should remain an SCA.

54 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 55

Illawarra Region

Bargo SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 4619 ha South Coast Region 13 December 1991

Description

Bargo SCA is located in the Highlands Area of the South Coast region, 14 km north of Mittagong, and borders the Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. Created in 1991, the SCA forms part of chain of conservation reserves across southern Sydney, including Bargo River SCA to the south and Nattai NP, which it adjoins to the north-west. It features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Dissected Sandstone Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists almost entirely of sedimentary rocks of the Sydney Basin, including the Permian Illawarra Coal Measures and Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone. A small area of the SCA overlies a Triassic syenitic intrusion. The SCA is bounded by a coal resource and is prospective for coal, coal seam methane and petroleum.

Recommendation Bargo SCA should remain an SCA.

56 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 57

Illawarra Region

Barnunj SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 164 ha South Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Barnunj SCA lies east of the northern section of Meroo National Park, between Dolphin Point and Wairo Beach, on the South Coast of NSW. It was created in January 2001 as part of the Southern Regional Forest Agreement from state forest and Crown land. The reserve contains a diverse landscape of coastline, coastal lakes and inland forested areas, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) edging into rainforests, of the South Coast biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates of the Snapper Point Formation, which belong to the Permian Shoalhaven Group. Clyde Coal Measures may be present at the base of the Shoalhaven Group in this area, but their distribution is uneven. There is some potential for low-grade coal, but this is limited by the small size of the area and its coastal location. There has been no previous exploration or mining activity. On the basis of available geological data, the area appears to have low mineral values, and low potential for coal mining or coal seam methane extraction.

Recommendation Barnunj SCA should be reserved as a national park.

Reason There are no exploration or mining titles, and the dual- purpose SCA category is no longer required.

58 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 59

Illawarra Region

Colymea SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1674 ha South Coast Region 1 January 2001

Description

Colymea SCA is located in the South Coast Region, approximately 12 km south-west of Nowra. It was created in January 2001 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Southern Region Reservations) Act 2000. The SCA lies near a number of smaller nature reserves, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Southern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is underlain by sandstones and siltstones of the Nowra Sandstone and Snapper Point Formation, which comprise part of the Permian Shoalhaven Group. There is some untested petroleum potential. No previous exploration or mining has occurred. The SCA has low mineral values.

Recommendation Colymea SCA should remain an SCA.

60 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 61

Illawarra Region

Corramy SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 856 ha South Coast Region 1 January 2001

Description

Corramy SCA is located in the Nowra Area of the South Coast Region, approximately 26 km south of Nowra. It was created in January 2001 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Southern Region Reservations) Act 2000. The SCA consists of two main parcels of land, the southern-most of which lies adjacent to Conjola National Park. It features wet and dry sclerophyll forests characteristic of the Southern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area includes sedimentary rocks of Wandrawandian Siltstone, of the Permian Shoalhaven Group, which represent the lower units of the Sydney Basin. Clyde coal measures may occur at depth, but regional studies suggest there is limited potential.

Recommendation The south-west portion of Corramy SCA (about 565 ha) should be reserved as a national park, and the rest should remain an SCA.

Reason South-west part: There are no exploration or mining titles, and the dual-purpose SCA category is no longer required.

North-east part: There are no exploration or mining titles, and the dual-purpose SCA category is no longer required. However, the land is recognised as having particular recreation values and would most appropriately be reserved as a regional park. It should remain an SCA until such time as it can be considered for reservation as a regional park.

62 Review of State Conservation Areas

South-western portion of Corramy SCA recommended for reservation as a NP.

Review of State Conservation Areas 63

Illawarra Region

Garawarra SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 949 ha Sydney South Region 18 December 1987

Description

Garawarra SCA is located in the Sydney South Region, approximately 4 km south of Waterfall. It was created in December 1987 from the former Garawarra State Recreation Area, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies on the south-west border of Royal National Park, and features predominantly dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Coastal Dissected Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Petroleum

Mining titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Sydney Basin. Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone is exposed at the surface of the western part of the area, and the surface geology of the eastern part of the area comprises siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of the Triassic Narrabeen Group. The Illawarra Coal Measures underlie the area at depth. They contain coal resources, predominantly in the Bulli and Balgownie seams, which are mined at the surrounding collieries.

Recommendation Garawarra SCA should remain an SCA.

64 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 65

Illawarra Region

Illawarra Escarpment SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2494 ha Sydney South Region 4 July 1980

Description

Illawarra Escarpment SCA is located in the Sydney South Region, approximately 4 km from Wollongong. It was created in July 1980 from a former State Recreation Area and Crown and freehold land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA consists of a chain of small reserve parcels along the coastal escarpment, and features wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) and freshwater wetlands of the Coastal Dissected Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Groups 8 and 9 and Petroleum

Mining titles – Groups 2 and 9 and Petroleum

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Sydney Basin. A variety of different rock units outcrop in the SCA, including the Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone, Narrabeen Group and Illawarra Coal Measures. Some colluvial sediments of Quaternary age are present in the southern part of the SCA. There is a coal resource within the Illawarra Coal Measures with most potential in the Bulli, Balgownie and Wongawilli seams, with other seams such as the Tongarra being present in some areas.

Recommendation Illawarra Escarpment SCA should remain an SCA.

66 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 67

Illawarra Region

Macquarie Pass SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 166 ha South Coast Region 1 April 2005

Description

Macquarie Pass SCA is located in South Coast Region, approximately 15 km south- west of Dapto. It was created in 2005 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Southern Region, and initially dedicated as Tongarra Reserve under the National Park Estate (Southern Region Reservations) Act 2000 but later reserved as an SCA under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 in April 2005. The SCA extends Macquarie Pass National Park southward towards Budderoo NP, and features wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation) of the Southern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Sydney Basin. The surface geology comprises Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone. There is untested petroleum and coal potential.

Recommendation Macquarie Pass SCA should remain an SCA.

68 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 69

Illawarra Region

Morton SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1050 ha South Coast Region 1 April 2005

Description

Morton SCA is located in the South Coast Region, approximately 18 km west of Nowra. It was created in April 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to the larger Morton National Park, and features grassy woodlands characteristic of the Southern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area includes sedimentary rocks of the Wandrawandian Siltstone and of the Permian Shoalhaven Group, which represent some of the lower units of the Sydney Basin. In the northern part of the SCA, Permian rocks unconformably overlie sandstones, siltstones and conglomerates of the Devonian Merimbula Group. In the central part of the SCA, an incision along the north-easterly-trending valley has exposed Upper Devonian volcanic rocks of the Yalwal Group that host several epithermal-style gold deposits. Several fossil placer gold deposits also occur in the area. The Yalwal Volcanics host significant gold resources 8 km south-south-west of the SCA. They are also the probable source of fossil placer gold deposits adjacent to the unconformity between Upper Devonian units and the Sydney Basin. The lower units of the Sydney Basin may hold some potential for gas, and are currently being investigated.

Recommendation Morton SCA should remain an SCA.

70 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 71

Illawarra Region

Upper Nepean SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 25 237 ha Sydney South Region 1 February 2007

Description

Upper Nepean SCA is located in the Illawarra Area of the Sydney South Region, approximately 6 km east of Mittagong. It was created in February 2007 from former freehold land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to Bargo River SCA, forming part of a chain of reserves extending north to the Blue Mountains National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Dissected Sandstone Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 8 and Petroleum

Mining titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by rocks of the Sydney Basin. The surface geology comprises Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone, and is underlain at depth by the Illawarra Coal Measures, which contain significant coal resources in the Wongawilli and Tongarra seams. The area also has moderate to high potential for coal seam methane.

Recommendation Upper Nepean SCA should remain an SCA.

72 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 73

New England / North West Region

Avondale SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 313 ha Northern Tablelands 1 January 2003 Region

Description

Avondale SCA is located 20km north-east of Armidale in the Northern Tablelands region. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA is characterised by grassy woodlands characteristic of the Northern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of the Late Carboniferous Grirrakool beds or Agnes Greywacke. Although mineral deposits have not been found within the SCA, several prospects are located just outside the SCA, and have been mined in the past. Recent insights into the geology of the area and the styles and distribution of mineralisation present strongly suggest a link with the Rockvale Adamellite or a similar granitoid intrusion beneath the area. The presence of a granitoid at depth is also supported by the geophysical response of the area. The roof zone over a granitoid of this type is an area of high mineral potential which has not been adequately tested using modern exploration methods.

Recommendation Avondale SCA should remain an SCA.

74 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 75

New England / North West Region

Bingara CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1979 ha Northern Tablelands 1 December 2005 Region

Description

Bingara CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 35 km south of Warialda. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest and Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA comprises two portions of land lies adjacent to state forest, and features predominantly grassy woodlands and dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the North Western Slopes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Groups 1, 5 and 6 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the CCA is dominated by rocks of the Bobs Creek Formation, part of the Siluro-Devonian Woolomin Group. These rocks host vein gold deposits to the south and east of the CCA, with potential for metallic deposits and gemstones. Limestone and rhodonite have been found near the CCA. The eastern part of the CCA contains Tertiary basalt where diamonds have been found in deep leads. The wider area is subject to intense exploration activity and would require further testing to establish potential.

Recommendation Bingara CCA Zone 3 should remain an SCA.

76 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 77

New England / North West Region

Bobbiwaa CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2688 ha Northern Plains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Bobbiwaa CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Narrabri Area of the Northern Plains Region, approximately 23 km north-east of Narrabri. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies a short distance from Mount Kaputar National Park, and is dominated by dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) transitioning to grassy woodlands, of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the SCA is made up of Jurassic sediments of the Pilliga Sandstone and Naperby Formation. The SCA lies at the western edge of the New England Orogen and holds moderate potential for petroleum and gas in sedimentary rocks thrust under the faulted margin of the orogen. Exploration is currently under way in the wider area.

Recommendation Bobbiwaa CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

78 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 79

New England / North West Region

Bullawa Creek CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 99 ha Northern Plains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Bullawa Creek CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Narrabri Area of the Northern Plains Region, approximately 10 km east of Narrabri. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies approximately 15 km west of Kaputar National Park, and features predominantly dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by Triassic to Permian sedimentary rocks of the Gunnedah Basin. It contains the largely unexplored Maules Creek Formation, in which a coal resource may exist in several coal measures. The area also has low petroleum potential.

Recommendation Bullawa Creek CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

80 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 81

New England / North West Region

Butterleaf SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 712 ha Northern Tablelands 1 July 2003 Region

Description

Butterleaf SCA is located in the Glen Innes Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 40 km north-east of the Glenn Innes township. It was created in July 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2003. The SCA extends Butterleaf National Park to the east towards Washpool NP, and is dominated by grassy woodlands moving into dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The surface geology of the SCA is dominated by the Permian Emmaville Volcanics (predominantly rhyolitic) and Carboniferous sediments of the Coffs Harbour Association. These rocks have been intruded by the Kingsgate Leucogranite and the Wards Mistake Monzogranite. Tungsten mineralisation in a similar geological setting occurs 6 km to the north-west. The SCA is prospective for Group 1 minerals, particularly granite-related tin, tungsten and molybdenum.

Recommendation Butterleaf SCA should remain an SCA.

82 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 83

New England / North West Region

Carrai SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 6853 ha Mid North Coast and 1 January 2003 Northern Tablelands Region

Description

Carrai SCA is located in the Walcha Area of the Mid North Coast and Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 69 km south-east of Armidale. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA links separate portions of Carrai National Park, and features wet and dry sclerophyll forests of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area comprises siliciclastic sedimentary and minor volcanic rocks of the Parrabel Beds, which are of Permian age. These units are intruded by the Carrai Granodiorite, which is of ‘I’-type affinity and known to drive metalliferous mineralisation: primary and alluvial tin, gold, copper, zinc and arsenic have all been found in the SCA. Recent studies suggest that the area is highly prospective for tin, gold and other metals.

Recommendation Carrai SCA should remain an SCA.

84 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 85

New England / North West Region

Cataract SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 572 ha Northern Tablelands 11 August 2006 Region

Description

Cataract SCA is located in the Tenterfield Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 52 km north-east of Tenterfield. It was created in August 2006 from former freehold and Crown land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies on the northern border of Cataract National Park, and features wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation) characteristic of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 1 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The surface geology is dominated by sandstones and conglomerates of the Late Carboniferous Emu Creek Formation. These rocks host the Tooloom goldfield 3.5 km east of the SCA, and the Big Fish Flat Alluvial gold prospect is located on the eastern boundary of the SCA. The geology is prospective for gold.

Recommendation Cataract SCA should remain an SCA.

86 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 87

New England / North West Region

Cottan-Bimbang SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 105 ha Northern Tablelands 1 January 2003 Region

Description

Cottan-Bimbang SCA is located in the Walcha Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 78 km north-west of Taree. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies adjacent to Cottan-Bimbang National Park, and features wet sclerophyll forests (grassy and shrubby subformations) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 6

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the SCA is made up of undifferentiated Carboniferous age sedimentary rocks including chert, phyllite and limestone. Immediately to the north and east of the area, Tertiary Comboyne Basalt covers the ridge tops. The Rushbrook diamond mine, near the SCA, is currently being re-evaluated. The area has potential for gems being shed from beneath the basalt, and for metallic mineralisation in the sedimentary rocks. The SCA would need to be adequately tested with modern exploration methods to establish potential.

Recommendation Cottan-Bimbang SCA should remain an SCA.

88 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 89

New England / North West Region

Currys Gap SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 227 ha Northern Tablelands 1 January 2003 Region

Description

Currys Gap SCA is located in the Tenterfield Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 3 km south-west of Tenterfield]. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies near Doctors Nose Mountain and Mount Mackenzie National Parks, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Northern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the Currys Gap SCA comprises the Wallangarra Volcanics of the Wandsworth Volcanic Group, of Permian age. The volcanic rocks are intruded by an unnamed monzogranite of Permian age. Molybdenum has been found in the SCA. Various Permian intrusions in the region are associated with intrusive polymetallic mineralisation (typically molybdenum, gold, tin, tungsten, bismuth and zinc) and are highly prospective. Furthermore, the SCA lies along an approximate east–west structural trend where minerals occur (such structures focus intrusions and mineralisation in the region). These structures have not been adequately tested by modern exploration methods.

Recommendation Currys Gap SCA should remain an SCA.

90 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 91

New England / North West Region

Fladbury SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 114 ha Northern Tablelands 23 December 2005 Region

Description

Fladbury SCA is located in the Glen Innes Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 21 km from north of Glen Innes. It was created in December 2005 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The nearest neighbouring reserve is Torrington SCA, 20 km to the north. The SCA features grassy woodlands characteristic of the Northern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of the Emmaville Volcanics, which represent part of the Wandsworth Volcanic Group and are of Permian age. No mineral prospects are known in the SCA, but numerous mineral deposits have been found in the surrounding areas, mainly alluvial tin, tungsten and gemstones. The area has prospectivity, mainly for fossil placer deposits for gemstones (rubies and sapphires) derived from nearby Tertiary basalts, and also for minerals. The SCA has not been recently explored and would need adequate testing with modern exploration methods to establish potential.

Recommendation Fladbury SCA should remain an SCA.

92 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 93

New England / North West Region

Goonoowigal CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1055 ha Northern Tablelands 1 December 2005 Region

Description

Goonoowigal CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Glen Innes Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 7 km south of Inverell. It was created in December 2005 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies a short distance from Barayamal CCA Zone 1 National Park, and features grassy woodlands characteristic of the Northern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Groups 1 and 6

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the CCA is dominated by the Permian age Gilgai Granite and many historical tin mines which mined alluvial and some hard-rock deposits in the granite. Sapphires and other gems have also been found in the area. The Gilgai Granite is one of the most mineralised granites in New England and has been the subject of intense exploration activity since the recent increase in tin prices. The area is currently a tin exploration hotspot for NSW.

Recommendation Goonoowigal CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

94 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 95

New England / North West Region

Gwydir River CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2607 ha Northern Tablelands 1 December 2005 Region

Description

Gwydir River CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Armidale Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 25 km south-west of Inverell. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies near Gwydir River CCAZ1 National Park and Goonoowigal CCAZ3 SCA, and features predominantly grassy woodlands characteristic of the Northern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is underlain by granite of the Bundarra Supersuite. The Copeton diamond field lies to the immediate east of the SCA. The Copeton Dam quarry is located immediately adjacent to the north-east part of the eastern-most parcel of the SCA. No mineral deposits have been found in the SCA, but the area is unexplored. The SCA has some potential for tin and diamonds and would need to be adequately tested with modern exploration methods to establish potential.

Recommendation Gwydir River CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

96 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 97

New England / North West Region

Killarney CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1858 ha Northern Plains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Killarney CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Narrabri Area of the Northern Plains Region, approximately 12 km north of Narrabri. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies west of Kaputar National Park, and is dominated by dry sclerophyll forests, with predominantly shrubby subformation, of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the SCA is made up of Jurassic sediments of the Pilliga Sandstone and mafic Garawilla Volcanics. It is underlain by the Maules Creek Formation, in which a potential coal resource may exist in several coal measures, but this formation is largely unexplored in the region. The northern part of the SCA is within an identified coal seam methane prospect. The area holds moderate potential for coal seam methane.

Recommendation Killarney CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

98 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 99

New England / North West Region

Leard CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1176 ha Northern Plains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Leard CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Narrabri Area of the Northern Plains Region, approximately 17 km north of Boggabri. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies about 20 km south of Mount Kaputar National Park, and features predominantly dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the SCA comprises Permian age Boggabri Volcanics, which overlie Maules Creek Coal Measures. An operating coal mine lies immediately south-east of the SCA. There is high potential for coal and coal seam methane resources in the SCA.

Recommendation Leard CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

100 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 101

New England / North West Region

Mummel Gulf SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1162 ha Northern Tablelands 1 January 2003 Region

Description

Mummel Gulf SCA is located in the Walcha Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 80 km north-west of Taree. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies within an area of State Forest which connects Mummel Gulf National Park with Cottan-Bimbang NP, and features predominantly wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area overlies marine siliciclastic rocks of Carboniferous age and Tertiary basalt (Comboyne Basalt). The area does not host identified prospects, but the Comboyne Basalt in the area is a potential source of diamonds. Improved geological knowledge suggests the region may be a potential diamond province (Tertiary basalts are the prospective source rocks). Diamonds derived from the basalts are also hosted by alluvial sediments away from the present extent of the basalt. There is also untested potential for metallic mineral deposits in the area.

Recommendation Mummel Gulf SCA should remain an SCA.

102 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 103

New England / North West Region

Oxley Wild Rivers SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1439 ha Northern Tablelands 1 January 2003 Region

Description

Oxley Wild Rivers SCA is located in the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 43 km south-east of Armidale. It was created in January 2003 from former freehold land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to Oxley Wild Rivers National Park and State Forest, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of a complex group of mainly marine igneous and sedimentary rocks of the Coramba Formation (Coffs Harbour Group) that are of Early Carboniferous age. These units are overlain by siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks of the Nambucca Beds. The eastern area includes an identified lead, zinc, silver and copper resource at Halls Peak. Mineralisation is predominantly statiform, and recent interpretations suggest that the mineralisation is of either SEDEX style or volcanic- hosted sulphide style. This suggests that mineralisation could be very extensive in distribution and that much of the area could include large base metal deposits. The area is prospective and would need to be adequately tested with modern exploration methods to establish potential.

Recommendation Oxley Wild Rivers SCA should remain an SCA.

104 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 105

New England / North West Region

Pilliga CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 33 386 ha Northern Plains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Pilliga CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Baradine Area of the Northern Plains Region, approximately 55 km south-west of Narrabri. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies adjacent to a portion of Pilliga CCAZ1 National Park and State Forest, and features predominantly dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The surface geology is dominated by Jurassic-age sedimentary rocks of the Kalindi Beds and Pilliga Sandstone, and recent alluvium. Underlying rocks include Black Jack Formation sediments, which are coal seam gas exploration targets. The Wilga Park gas-fired power station is nearby. Gold has been extracted from alluvial deposits in the area in the past. There is high potential for coal seam gas in the SCA.

Recommendation Pilliga CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

106 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 107

New England / North West Region

Pilliga East CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 24 669 ha Northern Plains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Pilliga East CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Baradine Area of the Northern Plains Region, approximately 42 km west of Boggabri. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies adjacent to Pilliga Nature Reserve, and features predominantly dry sclerophyll forest (shrubby subformation) of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The surface geology is dominated by Jurassic age Pilliga Sandstone. Underlying rocks include Black Jack Formation sediments, which are coal seam gas exploration targets. Mineral sand deposits in the wider area along Bohena Creek are also currently being assessed. There is high potential for coal seam methane.

Recommendation Pilliga East CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

108 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 109

New England / North West Region

Torrington SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 30 123 ha Northern Tablelands 4 April 1996 Region

Description

Torrington SCA is located in the Tenterfield Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 58 km north of Glen Innes. It was created in April 1996 from a State Recreation Area and former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies about 20 km from several small nature reserves, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) moving into grassy woodlands characteristic of the Northern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Groups 1 and 2

Mining titles – Group 1

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is underlain by the highly prospective Mole Granite, which is associated with extensive old mines for tin, topaz, tungsten and other minerals. The SCA is highly prospective for these minerals.

Recommendation Torrington SCA should remain an SCA.

110 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 111

New England / North West Region

Trinkey CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 10 229 ha Northern Plains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Trinkey CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Coonabarabran Area of the Northern Plains Region, approximately 56 km north-east of Coolah. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies 28 km east of the nearest reserve, Tinkrameanah CCAZ1 National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation), moving into grasslands, of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by Jurassic–Cretaceous sedimentary rocks that were deposited in the Surat Basin (part of the Great Australian Basin) and that overlie Permian– Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Gunnedah Basin. There are potential coal resources in the Maules Creek Coal Measures. The area has moderate to high potential for coal seam methane.

Recommendation Trinkey CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

112 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 113

New England / North West Region

Warialda CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2913 ha Northern Tablelands 1 December 2005 Region

Description

Warialda CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Armidale Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 7 km south of Warialda. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies just north of Warialda CCAZ1 National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation), moving into grassy woodlands, of the North Western Slopes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 1 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The surface geology is made up of Jurassic age Keelundi Beds and Pilliga Sandstone overlying Siluro-Devonian and Devonian to Carboniferous sedimentary rocks of the New England Orogen. Minor mafic intrusive rocks are also present. A major fault system, Peel Fault, extends in a north-south direction along the western margin of the southern area of the SCA. Magnesite, limestone and gold potential associated with the Peel Fault has been inadequately tested. Exploration for Group 1 minerals associated with the Peel Fault system is under way in the SCA. The Peel Fault system is host to many limestone, magnesite, chrome and gold deposits along its length. The area also holds potential for tin associated with the Dumboy Gragin Granite, which lies to the east. Sapphires have also been found in the area. There is potential for petroleum at depth.

Recommendation Warialda CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

114 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 115

New England / North West Region

Washpool SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2491 ha Northern Tablelands 1 January 2003 Region

Description

Washpool SCA is located in the Tenterfield Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 70 km north-east of Glen Innes. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies within and adjacent to Washpool National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation), moving into wet sclerophyll forests, of the Northern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the northern part of the SCA area consists of predominantly volcanic rocks intruded by various granitoids of Permian age which are associated with metalliferous mineralisation. The Vaughans Claim prospect is associated with several other polymetallic deposits (molybdenum, gold, zinc and other metals). The Reids and Weirs claims lie near the boundary of the southern area. They occur in undifferentiated sedimentary rocks, and mineralisation is probably related to fluids released by intrusions nearby and at depth. These prospects produced significant quantities of a range of metals. The SCA is prospective for Group 1 minerals.

Recommendation Washpool SCA should remain an SCA.

116 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 117

New England / North West Region

Watsons Creek SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 520 ha Northern Tablelands 23 December 2005 Region

Description

Watsons Creek SCA is located in the Armidale Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 37 km north of Tamworth. It was created in December 2005 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to Watsons Creek National Park, and features grassy woodlands characteristic of the North Western Slopes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the SCA is dominated by the Permian Pringles Granite. Tin from the Giants Den deposit and construction sands have been produced in the SCA. The area is prospective and would need to be adequately tested to establish potential.

Recommendation Watsons Creek SCA should remain an SCA.

118 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 119

New England / North West Region

Wondoba CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1663 ha Northern Plains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Wondoba CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Coonabarabran Area of the Northern Plains Region, approximately 75 km west of Tamworth. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies 33 km from the nearest reserve (Trinkey CCAZ3 SCA), and features grassy woodlands characteristic of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the SCA is dominated by Digby and Naperby Formation sediments and minor dolerite intrusions (Glenrowan Intrusives). The Curlewis and Gunnedah collieries lie immediately to the west . There is potential for coal seam methane. This area requires further testing to establish potential.

Recommendation Wondoba CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

120 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 121

North Coast Region

Arakoon SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 114 ha Mid North Coast Region 12 July 1974

Description

Arakoon SCA is located east of South West Rocks in the Macleay Area of the Mid North Coast, and lies adjacent to Hat Head National Park. Prior to its creation in 1974, the reserve was a State Recreation Area. It is home to the ruins of the Trial Bay Gaol (1886), and features wet eucalypt forests (shrubby subformation) of the Northern Coastal Fringe biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of Smokey Cape Adamellite, which is overlain by marine and aeolian sands. The sand deposits cover the South West Rocks kaolin deposits, which occur in the weathered adamellite immediately west of the boundary of the SCA but which have little potential for development. Two small quarries for unprocessed construction material and dimension stone occur within the SCA but have not been mined for some years. This SCA has limited prospectivity.

Recommendation Arakoon SCA should be reserved as a national park.

Reason There are no exploration or mining titles, and the dual- purpose SCA category is no longer required.

122 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 123

North Coast Region

Banyabba SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 3566 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Banyabba SCA is located in the Clarence North Area of the North Coast region, 24 km north-west of Maclean. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA adjoins Banyabba Nature Reserve and Wilderness Area to the west and Banyabba State Forest to the east, and features Clarence Lowlands Spotted Gum communities of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Clarence Moreton Basin, which is prospective for coal seam methane (in the Walloon coal measures) and, possibly, conventional petroleum, but has been poorly tested. Most of the Clarence Moreton Basin is currently covered by petroleum exploration titles, and there is active exploration for both conventional petroleum and coal seam methane.

Recommendation Banyabba SCA should remain an SCA.

124 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 125

North Coast Region

Barrakee SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 174 ha Mid North Coast Region 23 December 2005

Description

Barrakee SCA lies within the Manning Area of the Mid North Coast Region, approximately 37 km north of Gloucester. It was created in December 2005 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and forms part of a vegetated corridor extending from the Manning River floodplain to the Great Dividing Range. Located adjacent to Barrakee National Park, the SCA features wet and dry sclerophyll forests of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of the Myra Beds, which belong to the Siluro-Devonian Woolomin Group. Copper has been found outside the SCA boundary to the south-east and in Barrakee National Park, which adjoins the SCA, suggesting copper mineralisation may be present in the SCA. The area has not been well tested by modern exploration methods.

Recommendation Barrakee SCA should remain an SCA.

126 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 127

North Coast Region

Bindarri SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 434 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Bindarri SCA is located in the Coffs Coast Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 20 km west of Coffs harbour. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies adjacent to state forest and Bindarri National Park, and features rainforest characteristic of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of argillaceous sedimentary rocks of the Early Carboniferous Brooklands Beds that host gold deposits. The area was also subject to several exploration licences before 1996. The south-west of the area contains the Woods Reef and Cutliffes Reef gold prospects, and other gold prospects lie adjacent to the northern boundary of the south-western parcel.

Recommendation Bindarri SCA should remain an SCA.

128 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 129

North Coast Region

Boonanghi SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1242 ha Mid North Coast Region 23 December 2005

Description

Boonanghi SCA is located in the Macleay Area of the Mid North Coast Region, approximately 18 km west of Kempsey. It was created in December 2005, and represents an eastern extension to Boonanghi Nature Reserve. The SCA features wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation) characteristic of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area comprises siliciclastic sandstones and mudstones of the Majors Creek Formation and siliciclastic siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates of the Kullatine Formation, which are of Carboniferous age. Numerous mineral deposits are known in the area, including the Silver Creek Mine. Interpretation of geophysical data (isostatic gravity) suggests potential for epithermal-style mineralisation, probably related to a granitoid at depth. The area remains prospective and would need to be adequately tested with modern exploration methods to establish potential.

Recommendation Boonanghi SCA should remain an SCA.

130 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 131

North Coast Region

Bridal Veil Falls SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 65 ha Mid North Coast Region 23 December 2005

Description

Bridal Veil Falls SCA is located in the Hastings Area of the Mid North Coast Region, approximately 38 km north of Taree. It was created in December 2005, and extends Bridal Veil Nature Reserve to the east. It features wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) characteristic of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of the Cowangara Formation, which are of Permian age. These are overlain by basaltic Tertiary volcanic rocks that characterise the Comboyne area. The Comboyne Basalt is a potential source of construction materials (mainly for road base), and travertine and marble deposits occur within the Cowangara Formation. However, the SCA is small, and future exploration and mining interest is highly unlikely.

Recommendation Bridal Veil Falls SCA should be reserved as a nature reserve.

Reason There are no exploration or mining titles, and the dual- purpose SCA category is no longer required.

132 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 133

North Coast Region

Bundjalung SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 4870 ha Northern Rivers Region 1 January 2003

Description

Bundjalung SCA is located in the Richmond River Area of the Northern Rivers Region, approximately 28 km north-west of Yamba. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA connects part of Bundjalung National Park with neighbouring state forest, and features dry sclerophyll forests, with a mostly shrubby subformation, characteristic of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology consists of sedimentary rocks of the Clarence Moreton Basin, overlain in part by unconsolidated fluvial sediments of Quaternary age. Most of the Clarence Moreton Basin is currently covered by petroleum exploration titles, and exploration for both conventional petroleum and coal seam methane is in progress. There is high to moderate potential for coal seam methane and moderate to low potential for conventional petroleum.

Recommendation Bundjalung SCA should remain an SCA.

134 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 135

North Coast Region

Bungawalbin SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1834 ha Northern Rivers Region 1 January 2003

Description

Bungawalbin SCA is located in the Richmond River Area of the Northern Rivers Region, approximately 22 km east of Woodburn. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land and State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. Additional State Forest land was added under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2003. The SCA extends Bungawalbin National Park to the north, and features forested wetlands, moving into grassy woodlands, of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the SCA consists of sedimentary rocks of the Clarence Moreton Basin. Most of the basin is currently covered by petroleum exploration titles, and exploration for both conventional petroleum and coal seam methane is in progress. There is high coal seam methane potential, and moderate potential for conventional oil and gas.

Recommendation Bungawalbin SCA should remain an SCA.

136 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 137

North Coast Region

Cape Byron SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 99 ha Northern Rivers Region 11 July 1997

Description

Cape Byron SCA is located in the town of Byron Bay in the Northern Rivers Region, approximately 2 km from Byron Bay. It was created in July 1997 from the former Cape Byron State Recreation Area. Situated on the coast adjacent to Arakwal National Park, the SCA features the historic Cape Byron Lighthouse.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the SCA mainly comprises a variety of metasediments of the Neranleigh–Fernvale Beds, which are of Carboniferous age. Small amounts of silver have been found in slate on the southern edge of the SCA. Mineral sands have been mined in the Quaternary age coastal sand dunes to the north and south of the SCA. The rocks of the SCA are basement rocks with low petroleum potential. Past mining and urban development of the Cape Byron area has made future development of mineral sand deposits unlikely.

Recommendation Cape Byron SCA should remain an SCA on account of its administration by the Cape Byron Trust.

Reason Retention as an SCA will enable the reserve’s existing management by the Cape Byron Trust to continue (the NPW Act provides that Trusts can manage regional parks and SCAs only).

138 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 139

North Coast Region

Cascade SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 412 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Cascade SCA is located in the Dorrigo Plateau Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 10 km north of Dorrigo. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA forms part of a chain of reserves, including Cascade and Nymboi-Binderay National Parks, and features predominantly rainforests of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of a complex group of mainly marine igneous and sedimentary rocks of the Brooklana Beds (Coffs Harbour Group), which are of Early Carboniferous age. The Paddys Plain copper–gold–antimony prospect is located on the western margin of the SCA. A major structure with an approximately north-west orientation transects the area. The north-westerly structure represents a significant mineralised corridor that hosts numerous deposits that would need to be adequately tested to establish potential. The area is prospective for Group 1 minerals.

Recommendation Cascade SCA should remain an SCA.

140 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 141

North Coast Region

Chaelundi SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1624 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Chaelundi SCA is located in the Dorrigo Plateau Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 54 km north-west of Dorrigo. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. Additional State Forest land was added under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2003. The SCA provides a bridge between Guy Fawkes River National Park to the west and Chaelundi NP to the east, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA comprises 3 portions separated by State forest and national park. The two northern portions host many old gold prospects and mines which have not been explored by modern methods. The southern portion lies in Coramba Beds, which also host gold prospects. The 3 portions all hold potential for re-evaluation of old gold mines.

Recommendation Chaelundi SCA should remain an SCA.

142 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 143

North Coast Region

Chatsworth Hill SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 510 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Chatsworth Hill SCA is located in the Clarence North Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 10 km north of Maclean. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies adjacent to State Forest to the west, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the SCA is dominated by the ridge-forming Jurassic Kangaroo Creek Sandstone, which in this area overlies the Walloon coal measures. Although coal production from the area is low, modern exploration for coal or coal seam gas has not been conducted. The area holds potential for coal and gas.

Recommendation Chatsworth Hill SCA should remain an SCA.

144 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 145

North Coast Region

Corymbia SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 495 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Corymbia SCA is located in the Clarence North Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 12 km north of Grafton. It was created in January 2003 from the former Corymbia Crown Reserve as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. It lies to the west of Southgate State Forest and south of Fortis Creek NP, and is surrounded by privately-owned land. It features grassy woodlands and dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Clarence Moreton Basin. The surface geology comprises siliciclastic, organic-rich rocks of the Grafton Formation. The SCA is located in an area with high potential for coal seam methane and moderate potential for conventional gas and oil. Most of the Clarence Moreton Basin is currently covered by petroleum exploration titles, and exploration for both conventional petroleum and coal seam methane is in progress.

Recommendation Corymbia SCA should remain an SCA.

146 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 147

North Coast Region

Everlasting Swamp SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 460 ha North Coast Region 1 February 2007

Description

Everlasting Swamp SCA is located in the Clarence North Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 21 km north-east of Grafton. It was created in February 2007 from former freehold land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies near Waragai Creek and Munro Island Nature Reserves, and features forested wetlands of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is covered by alluvial sediments of Quaternary age overlying Grafton Formation and underlying units of the Clarence Moreton Basin Sequence. The area has high potential for coal seam methane and moderate potential for conventional gas and oil. Most of the Clarence Moreton Basin is currently covered by petroleum exploration titles, and exploration for both conventional petroleum and coal seam methane is in progress.

Recommendation Everlasting Swamp SCA should remain an SCA.

148 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 149

North Coast Region

Fishermans Bend SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 39 ha Mid North Coast Region 23 December 2005

Description

Fishermans Bend SCA is located in the Macleay Area of the Mid North Coast Region, approximately 7 km north of South West Rocks. It was created in December 2005 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and lies close to Fishermans Bend Nature Reserve. It features wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) characteristic of the Northern Coastal Fringe biogeographic subregion, with some saline wetlands.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA lies immediately inland of the current beach system north of South West Rocks. The geology is dominated by Quaternary sand deposits that overlie siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of the Permian Kempsey Group. Mineral sands have previously been mined to the west of the SCA. Although heavy mineral sand concentrations are known in the area, they are of relatively low quality.

Recommendation Fishermans Bend SCA should be reserved as a nature reserve.

Reason There are no exploration or mining titles, and the dual- purpose SCA category is no longer required.

150 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 151

North Coast Region

Gumbaynggirr SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2561 ha North Coast Region 1 July 2003

Description

Gumbaynggirr SCA is located in the Coffs Coast Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 25 km west of Nambucca Heads. It was created in July 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2003. The SCA forms a link between New England National Park and Dungirr National Park, and features wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area is dominated by siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks of the Nambucca Beds. The area contains numerous antimony deposits, including the Purgatory Mine and Spencers Mine. The scale and distribution of these deposits suggest major structures in the area that may have focused other large deposits. The area is prospective and would need to be adequately tested with modern exploration methods to establish potential.

Recommendation Gumbaynggirr SCA should remain an SCA.

152 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 153

North Coast Region

Gurranang SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 111 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Gurranang SCA is located in the Clarence North Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 25 km north of Grafton. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA is located a short distance south-east of Banyabba Nature Reserve. It features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is underlain by Jurassic–Cretaceous Grafton Sandstone that was deposited within the Clarence Moreton Basin. There is high coal seam methane potential and moderate conventional petroleum potential. Most of the Clarence Moreton Basin is currently covered by petroleum exploration titles, and exploration for both conventional petroleum and coal seam methane is in progress in the wider area.

Recommendation Gurranang SCA should remain an SCA.

154 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 155

North Coast Region

Guy Fawkes River SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 5241 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Guy Fawkes River SCA is located primarily in the Dorrigo Plateau Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 53 km west of Grafton. It was created in January 2003 from freehold land and former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA extends Guy Fawkes River National Park east towards Chaelundi NP, and is bordered north and south by State Forest. It features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area hosts a significant and extensive orogenic hydrothermal gold field that includes the Pine Creek Lode. The northern parcel of the SCA is highly prospective. However, there is limited geological evidence of mineral values in the southern parcel of the SCA.

Recommendation The southern parcel of Guy Fawkes SCA (about 390 ha) should be reserved as a national park. The larger northern parcel should remain an SCA.

Reason Southern portion: There are no exploration or mining titles and limited geological evidence of mineral values, and the dual-purpose SCA category is no longer required.

Northern portion: An exploration title applies in the reserve, which means this part of the SCA cannot be reserved as a national park or nature reserve under the NPW Act, and must remain an SCA to allow for exploration or mining, subject to environmental assessment.

156 Review of State Conservation Areas

Southern parcel of Guy Fawkes SCA recommended for reservation as a NP.

Review of State Conservation Areas 157

North Coast Region

Jackywalbin SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 661 ha Northern Rivers Region 1 January 2003

Description

Jackywalbin SCA is located in the Richmond River Area of the Northern Rivers Region, approximately 21 km west of Evans Head. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA is surrounded by State Forest, and features dry sclerophyll forests and forested wetlands of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is underlain by Jurassic–Cretaceous Grafton Sandstone that was deposited within the Clarence Moreton Basin. It has moderate to high coal seam methane potential and low to moderate conventional petroleum potential.

Recommendation Jackywalbin SCA should remain an SCA.

158 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 159

North Coast Region

Kooyong SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 753 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Kooyong SCA is located in the Clarence North Area of the North Coast region, 5 km south-east of the village of Banyabba and approximately 28 km north of Grafton. It was created in January 2003 from the Needlebark Flora Reserve and former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. Gibberagee State Forest largely surrounds the area, with some adjoining areas of private land. The SCA features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

Recommendation Kooyong SCA should remain an SCA.

160 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 161

North Coast Region

Kumbatine SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 783 ha Mid North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Kumbatine SCA is located in the Macleay Area of the Mid North Coast Region, approximately 30 km west of Kempsey. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA connects Kumbatine and Willi Willi National Parks, and features predominantly wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation) of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area comprises argillaceous sedimentary rocks and felsic intrusives of the Carboniferous Boonanghi Beds and (in the western area) the Glen Esk Adamellite (Triassic), which hosts the Glen Esk tin prospect and polymetallic intrusion- related deposits. Tin skarn mineralisation is also present around the Glen Esk Adamellite and has been the subject of previous drilling by exploration companies. The Glen Esk Adamellite may also be related to the Gundle Adamellite, which hosts numerous metalliferous deposits. The area is highly prospective and is the subject of ongoing exploration interest.

Recommendation Kumbatine SCA should remain an SCA.

162 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 163

North Coast Region

Lake Innes SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 321 ha Mid North Coast Region 1 July 2003

Description

Lake Innes SCA is located in the Hastings Area of the Mid North Coast Region, approximately 12 km south of Port Macquarie. It was created in July 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2003. The SCA borders Queens Lake SCA to the south and Lake Innes Nature Reserve to the north, and features predominantly wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Northern Coastal Fringe biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

Like the adjoining Queens Lake SCA, Lake Innes SCA is located within an area that is highly prospective for lateritic nickel-cobalt-scandium deposits. Significant deposits of nickel exist nearby, and there is ongoing exploration. The SCA contains a potential resource of nickel, cobalt and scandium.

Recommendation Lake Innes SCA should remain an SCA.

164 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 165

North Coast Region

Laurence Road SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 440 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Laurence Road SCA is located in the Clarence North Area of the North Coast region, 12 km north-west of the village of Lawrence and 32km north of Grafton. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. It adjoins Banyabba State Forest at its northern most point, but is largely surrounded by privately-owned land. It features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

Recommendation Laurence Road SCA should remain an SCA.

166 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 167

North Coast Region

Mount Hyland SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 293 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Mount Hyland SCA is located in the Dorrigo Plateau Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 30 km north-west of Dorrigo. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA extends Mount Hyland National Park to the south, and is otherwise encompassed by State Forest. It features wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area is dominated by greywacke, siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate of the Early Carboniferous Moombil Group. Known prospects in the surrounding area include the Days Prospect, Tyringham West and Neaves, which are related to various porphyry intrusions. This area is geologically complex and relatively poorly understood. The geology is atypical of the New England Orogen and has potential to host significant metalliferous deposits.

Recommendation Mount Hyland SCA should remain an SCA.

168 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 169

North Coast Region

Mount Pikapene SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 17 ha North Coast Region 1 February 2007

Description

Mount Pikapene SCA is located in the Clarence North Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 37 km south-west of Casino. It was created in February 2007 from former freehold land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to Mount Pikapene National Park and State Forest, and features predominantly wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation) of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks that were deposited in the Clarence Moreton Basin. It has moderate to high potential for coal seam methane and conventional petroleum. A petroleum well that was drilled about 7 km to the north of the SCA indicated that an active petroleum system may exist in the area.

Recommendation Mount Pikapene SCA should remain an SCA.

170 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 171

North Coast Region

Nymboi-Binderay SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 585 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Nymboi-Binderay SCA is located in the Dorrigo Plateau Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 13 km north of Dorrigo. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA connects Nymboi-Binderay National Park with Cascade NP, and features wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) and rainforests of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of Carboniferous aged marine sedimentary rocks of the Brooklana Beds (Coffs Harbour Group). The historically large Wild Cattle Creek gold-antimony-tungsten mine is located less than 1km from the SCA in Brooklana Beds and old workings on similar vein occurrences have been identified within the SCA. The are is prospective for gold-antimony deposits.

Recommendation Nymboi-Binderay SCA should remain an SCA.

172 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 173

North Coast Region

Nymboida SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 528 ha Northern Tablelands 1 January 2003 Region

Description

Nymboida SCA is located in the Glen Innes Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 48 km west of Grafton. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies adjacent to Nymboida National Park and State Forest, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of a complex group of mainly marine igneous and sedimentary rocks of the Coramba Formation (Coffs Harbour Group), which are of Early Carboniferous age. The Ruby and Martine reefs, Cunglebung, Vivlans and other deposits are located within the park. The area contains antimony and gold resources. A major structure with an approximately north-west orientation transects the area. The structure represents a significant mineralised corridor that hosts numerous deposits that would need to be adequately tested with modern exploration methods to establish potential.

Recommendation Nymboida SCA should remain an SCA.

174 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 175

North Coast Region

Queens Lake SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1026 ha Mid North Coast Region 1 July 2003

Description

Queens Lake SCA is located in the Hastings Area of the Mid North Coast Region, approximately 15 km south of Port Macquarie. It was created in July 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2003. The SCA forms a link between Queens Lake Nature Reserve and Lake Innes SCA, and features wet sclerophyll forest (shrubby subformation) of the Northern Coastal Fringe biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The surface geology of Queens Lake SCA comprises Triassic sandstones and conglomerates of the Lorne Basin sequence, Siluro-Devonian metamorphic rocks, pre- Permian dolerite, serpentinite and ultramafic intrusive rocks and Quaternary alluvial sediments. Like the adjoining Lake Innes SCA, Queens Lake SCA is within an area that is highly prospective for lateritic nickel-cobalt-scandium deposits. A number of resources with potential for future development have been identified to date within the SCA and neighbouring areas. The SCA has high mineral prospectivity.

Recommendation Queens Lake SCA should remain an SCA.

176 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 177

North Coast Region

Talawahl SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 136 ha Mid North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Talawahl SCA is located in the Manning Area of the Mid North Coast Region, approximately 11 km south of Taree. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA connects two areas of Talawahl Nature Reserve, and features wet sclerophyll forest (grassy subformation) of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the Coleraine Mudstone mainly comprises a variety of argillaceous sediments of the Coleraine Siltstone, which are of Permian age. Recent seismic studies conducted by DPI suggest that there is potential for petroleum within possible underthrust Sydney Basin deposits in the region. The area would need to be adequately tested to establish petroleum potential. The SCA is small relative to the size of the exploration title. Future exploration and mining interest in the SCA are unlikely.

Recommendation Talawahl SCA should remain an SCA.

178 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 179

North Coast Region

The Cells SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 4708 ha Mid North Coast and 1 January 2003 Northern Tablelands Region

Description

The Cells SCA is located in the Hastings Area of the Mid North Coast and Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 64 km north-west of Taree. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Lower North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies entirely within Cottan- Bimbang National Park, and features wet sclerophyll forest (shrubby subformation) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of undifferentiated siliciclastic sediments of Late Devonian to Carboniferous age. The northern area (north of the Oxley Highway) hosts several gold–antimony prospects, including the Oakburne gold prospect. The southern areas south of the Oxley Highway contain numerous prospects, including The Cells, Kirkmans and Oxley gold–antimony deposits, which have received little modern exploration, mainly on account of the location. The area is prospective and would need to be adequately tested with modern exploration methods to establish potential.

Recommendation The Cells SCA should remain an SCA.

180 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 181

North Coast Region

Toonumbar SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 128 ha Northern Rivers Region 1 January 2003

Description

Toonumbar SCA is located in the Kyogle Area of the Northern Rivers Region, approximately 68 km north-west of Lismore. It was created in January 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies adjacent to Toonumbar National Park, and features rainforests of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Clarence Moreton Basin, overlain in the south-east by basaltic volcanic rocks of the Tertiary Lamington Volcanics. The surface geology largely comprises Woodenbong Beds and Walloon coal measures. The area has moderate potential for coal seam methane and low potential for conventional gas and oil. Most of the Clarence Moreton Basin is currently covered by petroleum exploration titles, and exploration for both conventional petroleum and coal seam methane is in progress.

Recommendation Toonumbar SCA should remain an SCA.

182 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 183

North Coast Region

Werrikimbe SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 204 ha Northern Tablelands 23 December 2005 Region

Description

Werrikimbe SCA is located in the Walcha Area of the Northern Tablelands Region, approximately 54 km west of Wauchope. It was created in December 2005 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to Werrikimbe National Park, and features wet sclerophyll forests (grassy and shrubby subformations) of the Northern Escarpment biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area comprises metasedimentary siliciclastic rocks of the Myra Beds, of Silurian to Devonian age. Significantly, these rocks are intruded by a complex of leucogranite and monzogranites of the Triassic Glen Esk Suite. This suite of granitoids is known to have numerous metalliferous deposits. Recent studies suggest that the unit is especially prospective for gold and base metals. Other deposits could also be present in the host sequence, probably related to the granitoids. Exploration is limited in the wider area. The area is prospective and would need to be adequately tested with modern exploration methods to establish potential.

Recommendation Werrikimbe SCA should remain an SCA.

184 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 185

North Coast Region

Whian Whian SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2439 ha Northern Rivers Region 1 July 2003

Description

Whian Whian SCA is located in the Richmond River Area of the Northern Rivers Region, approximately 35 km north of Lismore. It was created in July 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2003. The SCA lies adjacent to Nightcap National Park, which together cover approximately 10,500 hectares of the Nightcap Range, located on the southern rim of the caldera of the Mount Warning shield volcano. The SCA features rainforests characteristic of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 6 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by Tertiary felsic volcanics and high-level intrusives which overlie sedimentary rocks of the Clarence Moreton Basin sequence. There are a number of known perlite occurrences within and adjacent to the SCA, and there is potential for further discoveries. The underlying Clarence Moreton Basin rocks have low to moderate potential for coal seam methane and conventional gas and oil. The area has not been well explored.

Recommendation Whian Whian SCA should remain an SCA.

186 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 187

North Coast Region

Wollumbin SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 368 ha Northern Rivers Region 1 July 2003

Description

Wollumbin SCA is located in the Tweed Area of the Northern Rivers Region, approximately 47 km north-west of Byron Bay. It was created in July 2003 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2003. The SCA borders Wollumbin National Park and extends west towards Mebbin NP, and features wet sclerophyll forest (shrubby subformation) of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology comprises Jurassic Walloon Coal Measures and underlying units of the Clarence Moreton Basin sequence. The SCA has low to moderate potential for coal seam methane and conventional petroleum. Most of the Clarence Moreton Basin is currently covered by petroleum exploration titles, and exploration for both conventional petroleum and coal seam methane is in progress.

Recommendation Wollumbin SCA should remain an SCA.

188 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 189

North Coast Region

Wombat Creek SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1077 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Wombat Creek SCA is located in the Clarence North Area of the North Coast region, 25 km north-west of Grafton. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA spans almost 9 km from the northern tip of Coal Ridge Cliffs to Whiskey Stills Falls in the south, and is surrounded by private property. The SCA features predominantly dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Clarence Moreton Basin. Surface geology comprises Jurassic–Cretaceous Kangaroo Creek Sandstone with a small area of underlying Walloon Creek coal measures. The area has high potential for coal seam methane and low potential for conventional gas and oil. Most of the Clarence Moreton Basin is currently covered by petroleum exploration titles, and exploration for both conventional petroleum and coal seam methane is in progress.

Recommendation Wombat Creek SCA should remain an SCA.

190 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 191

North Coast Region

Yarriabini SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 9 ha North Coast Region 23 December 2005

Description

Yarriabini SCA is located in the Coffs Coast Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 16 ha south of Nambucca Heads. It was created in December 2005 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Southern Region, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies immediately inland of the current beach system, and adjacent to Yarriabini National Park. It features wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation) of the Northern Coastal Fringe biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology is dominated by Quaternary sand deposits and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of the Permian Kempsey Group. The SCA is 400m south of a previously mined mineral sands deposit. Much of the SCA is dominated by a headland consisting of Permian rock rather than Quaternary sand. The heavy mineral sand potential of the SCA is limited.

Recommendation Yarriabini SCA should be reserved as a national park.

Reason There are no exploration or mining titles, and the dual- purpose SCA category is no longer required.

192 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 193

North Coast Region

Yarringully SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 114 ha Northern Rivers Region 22 August 2003

Description

Yarringully SCA is located in the Richmond River Area of the Northern Rivers Region, approximately 13 km west of Woodburn. It was created in August 2003 from former Crown land and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to Yarringully Nature Reserve, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation), moving into forested wetlands, of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of Clarence Moreton Basin. The surface geology comprises Jurassic–Cretaceous Kangaroo Creek Sandstone and underlying Walloon Creek coal measures. The area has high potential for coal seam methane and moderate to low potential for conventional gas and oil. Most of the Clarence Moreton Basin is currently covered by petroleum exploration titles, and exploration for both conventional petroleum and coal seam methane is in progress.

Recommendation Yarringully SCA should remain an SCA.

194 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 195

North Coast Region

Yuraygir SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 3150 ha North Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Yuraygir SCA is located in the Clarence South Area of the North Coast Region, approximately 28 km south-east of Grafton. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Upper North East Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies adjacent to Yuraygir National Park to the east and a chain of state forests to the north-west, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby and shrub/grass subformations) of the Northern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Clarence Moreton Basin. The surface geology comprises Grafton Formation and Kangaroo Creek Sandstone. The area has high potential for coal seam methane and low to moderate potential for conventional gas and oil. Most of the Clarence Moreton Basin is currently covered by petroleum exploration titles, and exploration for both conventional petroleum and coal seam methane is in progress.

Recommendation Yuraygir SCA should remain an SCA.

196 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 197

Riverina / Murray Region

Kalyarr SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 6768 ha Western Rivers Region 10 November 2006

Description

Kalyarr SCA is located in the Hay Area of the Western Rivers Region, approximately 53 km north-west of Hay. It was created in November 2006 from former Crown land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies 20 km west of Kalyarr National Park, and features arid shrublands (chenopod subformation) of the Murray Riverine Plains biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is situated within a part of the Murray Basin that is potentially prospective for mineral sands and coal seam methane. There has been limited exploration to date in the general area, and the geology is still not well understood. Previous geochemical investigations have recorded anomalous methane values near the SCA.

Recommendation Kalyarr SCA should remain an SCA.

198 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 199

Riverina / Murray Region

Livingstone SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 541 ha South West Slopes Region 1 April 2005

Description

Livingstone SCA is located in the Murrumbidgee Area of the South West Slopes Region, approximately 31 km south of Wagga Wagga. It was created in April 2005 from former Crown land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA borders Livingstone National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the South Western Slopes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is underlain by Late Ordovician metasedimentary rocks of the Wagga Group and the Silurian Burrandara Granite. It covers an area with many old mines and occurrences of tin, tungsten, molybdenum, bismuth, gold and other metals. The mineralisation is associated with predominantly greisenous alteration driven by hydrothermal fluids from the granite. The area has been drilled by several companies, and includes tin and tungsten resources. The SCA is highly prospective for numerous minerals.

Recommendation Livingstone SCA should remain an SCA.

200 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 201

Riverina / Murray Region

Tumblong SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 746 ha South West Slopes Region 1 April 2005

Description

Tumblong SCA is located in the Riverina–-Highlands Area of the South West Slopes Region, approximately 23 km west of Tumut. It was created in April 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies near a several reserves located north-west of Kosciuszko National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the South Western Slopes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area entirely consists of Ordovician metasediments of the Wagga Group. These rocks host the nearby Nangus and Mount Adrah gold deposits, which are major deposits.

Recommendation Tumblong SCA should remain an SCA.

202 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 203

Riverina / Murray Region

Wereboldera SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2263 ha South West Slopes Region 1 January 2003

Description

Wereboldera SCA is located in the Riverina–-Highlands Area of the South West Slopes Region, approximately 4 km south of Tumut. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Southern Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies a short distance north-west of Kosciuszko National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the South Western Slopes biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of quartz-rich shale, slate and siltstone of the Bumbolee Creek Formation. The Dark No. 6 and the Wereboldera No. 1 base metal prospects occur within the area. The SCA is highly prospective.

Recommendation Wereboldera SCA should remain an SCA.

204 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 205

Riverina / Murray Region

Yanga SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 33 890 ha Western Rivers Region 1 February 2007

Description

Yanga SCA is located in the Hay Area of the Western Rivers Region, approximately 103 km west of Hay. It was created in February 2007 from former freehold and Crown land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to Yanga National Park and Yanga Nature Reserve, and features arid shrublands (Chenopod subformation) and semi-arid woodlands (grassy subformation) of the Murray Riverine Plains biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Groups 2 and 10

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is underlain by sediments of the Murray Basin and has potential for mineral sands and petroleum, but the potential is poorly tested. It lies within an area explored in 2003–04 for coal seam methane. This exploration identified an area of anomalously high gas values over a large area around Balranald, to the west and east of the Murrumbidgee River. The river behaves as a hydrodynamic barrier to groundwater flow from east to west, and this may concentrate gas on the eastern side of the river. The Geera Clay, which overlies the main gas-bearing units, provides a seal to trap the gas. The SCA also has untested potential for heavy mineral sands within the Loxton–Parilla Sands. This part of the basin has been poorly tested to date, but a number of strandline deposits have been identified to the north and west. In addition, the area is underlain at depth by basement rocks of Palaeozoic age with untested potential for gold and base metal mineralisation.

Recommendation Yanga SCA should remain an SCA.

206 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 207

South East Region

Berlang SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2319 ha Far South Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Berlang SCA is located in the northern Area of the Far South Coast Region, approximately 42 km inland from Batemans Bay. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Southern Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. Adjoining Deua National Park, the SCA forms part of a chain of reserves along the southern coastal escarpment, and features wet sclerophyll forests and grassy woodlands characteristic of the Southern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of Silurian Long Flat Volcanics and Braidwood Granodiorite, with small areas of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of the Late Devonian Big Hole Formation on the western margin. Significant mineral deposits are located in the Braidwood Granodiorite, including large gold resources in the Dargues Reef and Majors Creek mineral deposits, near the SCA. The Braidwood Granodiorite is also the likely source of the Araluen alluvial gold deposits. The Braidwood Granodiorite is highly prospective. The SCA would need to be adequately tested to establish potential.

Recommendation Berlang SCA should remain an SCA.

208 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 209

South East Region

Brindabella SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2880 ha South West Slopes (also 1 January 2003 Hunter) Region

Description

Brindabella SCA is located in the Queanbeyan Area of the South West Slopes (also Hunter) Region, approximately 20 west of Belconnen. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Southern Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA provides an eastern extension to and connects two parts of Brindabella National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Southern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by shallow marine felsic volcanic rocks and volcanic-derived sedimentary rocks of the Mountain Creek Volcanics. The area has untested potential for base metal and gold deposits. There are no known mineral occurrences within the SCA, but the Wombat Lode polymetallic base metal and gold deposits occur within the Mountain Creek Sandstone to the immediate south-east. Limestone deposits also occur within these units. The area would need to be adequately tested with modern exploration methods to establish its mineral potential.

Recommendation Brindabella SCA should remain an SCA.

210 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 211

South East Region

Bungonia SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 4007 ha South Coast Region 12 July 1974

Description

Bungonia SCA is located in the Highlands Area of the South Coast Region, approximately 28 km east of Goulburn. It was created in July 1974, and extends Morton National Park to the west. The SCA features one of the first Karst areas in Australia to be reserved for public recreation (1872), and is dominated by dry sclerophyll forests with shrub/grass and shrubby subformations of the Dissected Sandstone Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

Mining title – Groups 1, 2 and 4

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is underlain by metasedimentary rocks of the Ordovician Adaminaby Group, calcareous rocks of the Bungonia Group (Silurian to Early Devonian) and the Devonian Bindook Volcanic Complex. The area contains significant orogenic and alluvial gold deposits and polymetallic deposits. It has a long history of exploration and mining and remains prospective. Gold, base metals, molybdenum and limestone have been mined at a number of locations within and adjacent to the SCA. The Marulan limestone quarry, the State’s largest operating limestone mine, lies to the immediate north of the SCA. However, the potential for mining in the north-eastern part of SCA, containing limestone units and associated karst features, is limited.

Recommendation The north-eastern corner of Bungonia SCA (about 770 ha) should be reserved as a national park. The rest should remain an SCA.

Reason North-eastern part: There are no exploration or mining titles and limited geological evidence of mineral values, and the dual-purpose SCA category is no longer required.

South-western part: Exploration and mining titles apply in the reserve, which means this part of the SCA cannot be reserved as a national park or nature reserve under the NPW Act, and must remain an SCA to allow for exploration or mining, subject to environmental assessment.

212 Review of State Conservation Areas

North-eastern portion of Bungonia SCA recommended for reservation as a NP.

Review of State Conservation Areas 213

South East Region

Frogs Hole SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 77 ha Far South Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Frogs Hole SCA is located in the North Area of the Far South Coast Region, approximately 42 km west of Bateman's Bay. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Southern Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies between Araluen Nature Reserve and Berlang SCA , and features wet sclerophyll forest (grassy subformation), moving into grassy woodlands, of the Southern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area overlies the Braidwood Granodiorite, which hosts many highly significant mineral deposits, including the Dargues Reef and Majors Creek deposits, and is the likely source of the Araluen alluvial gold deposits. Large gold resources have been defined within these deposits, and it is likely that one or more of these deposits will be mined in the future. The geology of the wider areas suggests that the SCA is prospective.

Recommendation Frogs Hole SCA should remain an SCA.

214 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 215

South East Region

Kybeyan SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 4173 ha Snowy Mountains Region 1 January 2003

Description

Kybeyan SCA is located in the Snowy River Area of the Snowy Mountains Region, approximately 23 km east of Cooma. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Southern Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA borders Kybeyan and Dangelong Nature Reserves, and features predominantly dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) and grassy woodlands characteristic of the Southern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA area overlies the Earliest Silurian Colinton Volcanics and the Cappanana Formations of the Bredbo Group. These volcanic units are of marine origin and host several metalliferous deposits, including the Two Eagles prospect and the Mousepath Gossan, both of which have been drilled by several companies for polymetallic volcanic-hosted mineralisation. They also host the Kybeyan limestone deposit. The western part of the SCA overlies the Ordovician Jerangle Metamorphic complex. The geology in the area suggests that the SCA is prospective.

Recommendation Kybeyan SCA should remain an SCA.

216 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 217

South East Region

Macanally SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 2290 ha Snowy Mountains Region 1 January 2003

Description

Macanally SCA is located in the Snowy River Area of the Snowy Mountains Region, approximately 23 km north-east of Cooma. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Southern Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies near several small nature reserves, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Southern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the SCA is dominated by the Ordovician metasedimentary rocks of the Adaminaby Group, with a small area over the Hangmans Creek Granodiorite. The wider area contains numerous mines, including the Macnallys Creek and Fiery Creek gold deposits (Fiery Creek produced 24 kg of gold). The wider area contains potential gold. These deposits are located along faults known to control mineralisation, including a gold mine 6 km to the north of the SCA. This suggests the potential for gold in the SCA. Several companies have drilled around 100 holes in the area.

Recommendation Macanally SCA should remain an SCA.

218 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 219

South East Region

Majors Creek SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 706 ha Far South Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Majors Creek SCA is located in the North Area of the Far South Coast Region, approximately 15 km south of Braidwood. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Southern Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies a short distance east of Monga National Park and north of Araluen Nature Reserve, and features grassy woodlands characteristic of the Southern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA overlies the Braidwood Granodiorite. Although there are no know mineral deposits in the SCA, the area is almost completely surrounded by numerous metalliferous deposits and mines. Nearby deposits include the Dargues Reef and Majors Creek deposits, which are currently being assessed, as well as Camages Mine, Mobbs Reef and Spencers Reef. The area has potential for intrusion-related gold and tungsten–molybdenum mineralisation.

Recommendation Majors Creek SCA should remain an SCA.

220 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 221

South East Region

Monga SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1005 ha Far South Coast (also 17 November 2005 South Coast) Region

Description

Monga SCA is located in the northern Area of the Far South Coast Region, approximately 10 km east of Braidwood. It was created in November 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies just west of Budawang National Park, and features wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) and grassy woodlands characteristic of the Southern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA consists of metasedimentary rocks of the Ordovician Adaminaby Group. No mineral deposits have been found in the SCA. However, the nearby Rise and Shine mines produced significant gold. This indicates that the SCA has potential for gold mineralisation.

Recommendation Monga SCA should remain an SCA.

222 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 223

South East Region

Tallaganda SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 5285 ha South West Slopes Region 1 January 2003

Description

Tallaganda SCA is located in the Queanbeyan Area of the South West Slopes Region, approximately 17 km west of Braidwood. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Southern Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies adjacent to Tallaganda National Park, and features dry and wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby and grassy subformations) of the Southern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists quartz-lithic sandstone and siltstone of the Late Silurian Palerang Formation, the Long Flat Volcanics and the Early Devonian Tarago Conglomerate (Mulwaree Group), which are intruded by Early Devonian Ballalaba Adamellite of the Glenbog Supersuite. The Long Flat Volcanics, which lie in the east of the area, are prospective, as they are of marine origin and host volcanic-hosted barite (the Little Bombay barite deposits are within the SCA) and numerous base metal deposits outside the SCA. Granitoids of the Glenbog Supersuite also host polymetallic deposits. The area is prospective for similar polymetallic deposits.

Recommendation Tallaganda SCA should remain an SCA.

224 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 225

South East Region

Yanununbeyan SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 3823 ha South West Slopes Region 1 January 2003

Description

Yanununbeyan SCA is located in the South West Slopes Region, approximately 26 km south-east of Queanbeyan. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Southern Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies adjacent to Yanununbeyan National Park and extends towards Tinderry Nature Reserve, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) and grassy woodlands characteristic of the Southern Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the eastern part of the SCA is dominated by Ordovician metasedimentary rocks of the Adaminaby Group, and the western part overlies the Kohinoor Volcanics of the Siluro-Devonian Hoskinstown Group. The volcanogenic sequence of rocks is prospective because the rocks host deposits in other areas and include marine volcanic rocks that are prospective for volcanic-hosted mineralisation (gold, base metals) and limestone. The polymetallic (base metal) San José prospect and the Horseshoe copper prospect are located in the area.

Recommendation Yanununbeyan SCA should remain an SCA.

226 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 227

South East Region

Yurammie SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 221 ha Far South Coast Region 1 January 2003

Description

Yurammie SCA is located in the Merimbula Area of the Far South Coast Region, approximately 10 km west of Merimbula. It was created in January 2003 from former Crown Reserve land as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process for the Eden Region, and reserved under the National Park Estate (Reservations) Act 2002. The SCA lies adjacent to [other parks], and features predominantly dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Southern Coastal Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of Yurammie and Kameruka Granodiorites of the Kameruka Supersuite and silicic sandstones of the Merimbula Group, all of which are Devonian in age. This is a highly prospective area for epithermal gold and silver mineralisation.

Recommendation Yurammie SCA should remain an SCA.

228 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 229

South West Sydney Region

Bents Basin SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 48 ha Sydney South Region 21 November 1980

Description

Bents Basin SCA is located in the Cumberland South Area of the Sydney South Region, approximately 15 km north-west of Camden. It was created in November 1980 from the former Bents Basin State Recreation Area, and lies adjacent to Gulgere Nature Reserve in the south-west. The SCA features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Cumberland Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The Hawkesbury Sandstone and the Wianamatta Group of rocks, both Triassic in age, are exposed at the surface of this area. These sequences overlie the Illawarra Coal Measures, which suggests coal resources beneath the area. Minor Quaternary channel and floodplain alluvium may also be present. The area is prospective for coal, coal seam methane and petroleum, although its potential is limited by its small size.

Recommendation Bents Basin SCA should remain an SCA.

230 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 231

South West Sydney Region

Burragorang SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 17 642 ha Sydney South Region 13 December 1991

Description

Burragorang SCA is located in the Nattai Area of the Sydney South Region, approximately 20 km west of Camden. It was created in December 1991, and forms part of a chain of reserves across southern Sydney, including Blue Mountains National Park located to the west and Nattai SCA and NP to the south. The SCA is dominated by dry sclerophyll forests with shrubby subformation characteristic of the Dissected Sandstone Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

Mining title – Group 9

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of sedimentary rocks of the Sydney Basin, including the Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone, the Permian Illawarra Coal Measures and Shoalhaven Group. The SCA contains various coal seams, including the Bulli and Wongawilli seams within the Illawarra Coal Measures. The area is prospective for coal, coal seam methane and petroleum.

Recommendation Burragorang SCA should remain an SCA.

232 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 233

South West Sydney Region

Dharawal SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 6266 ha Sydney South Region 4 April 1996

Description

Dharawal SCA is located in the Illawarra Area of the Sydney South Region, approximately 15 km north of Bulli. It was created in April 1996 from the former Dharawal State Recreation Area, and is bordered by the Dharawal Nature Reserve to the south-east. The SCA features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Coastal Dissected Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Groups 8, 9 and Petroleum

Mining titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Sydney Basin, with Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone exposed at surface. The Illawarra Coal Measures underlie the area at depth and contain an underground coal resource, mainly within the Bulli Coal Formation.

Recommendation Dharawal SCA should remain an SCA.

234 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 235

South West Sydney Region

Georges River SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1.4 ha Sydney Region 26 September 1975

Description

Georges River SCA is located in the Cumberland South Area of the Sydney Region, approximately 5 km south of Bankstown. It was created in September 1975 from the former Georges River State Recreation Area, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to Georges River National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Cumberland Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is underlain at depth by coal resources that have possible long-term mining potential and potential for coal seam methane extraction. Regional drilling by DPI in the 1960s showed that there are coal resources within the Balgownie seam at approximately 800 m depth in this general area. There has not been any previous exploration or mining within the SCA or its immediate vicinity. However, owing to the small size of the SCA and its location between existing national park and the river, future exploration or mining interest in this SCA is highly unlikely.

Recommendation Georges River SCA should be reserved as a national park.

Reason There are no exploration or mining titles, and the dual- purpose SCA category is no longer required, provided that a depth restriction is applied to allow for future underground coal mining or gas extraction, subject to environmental assessment.

236 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 237

South West Sydney Region

Nattai SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 3383 ha Sydney South Region 13 December 1991

Description

Nattai SCA is located in the Nattai Area of the Sydney South Region, approximately 20 km west of Camden. It was created in December 1991 from a former State Recreation Area, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to Burragorang SCA and Nattai National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Dissected Sandstone Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The surface geology of the area is dominated by Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone, but the Illawarra Coal Measures and sedimentary rocks of the Permian Shoalhaven Group are exposed in parts of the SCA. An underground coal resource exists in the Bulli Coal Formation.

Recommendation Nattai SCA should remain an SCA.

238 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 239

South West Sydney Region

Yerranderie SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 12 192 ha Blue Mountains Region 13 December 1991

Description

Yerranderie SCA is located in the Kanangra Area of the Blue Mountains Region, approximately 40 km west of Camden. It was created in December 1991 from a former State Recreation Area, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA is enclosed by the Nattai and Blue Mountains National Parks, and features predominantly dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Dissected Sandstone Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area comprises felsic volcanic rocks and associated intrusive and sedimentary rocks of the Devonian Bindook Volcanic Complex, with sedimentary rocks of the Shoalhaven Group (part of Sydney Basin Sequence) in the eastern and north- eastern parts of the SCA. The Bindook Volcanic Complex hosts the Yerranderie base metal–silver–gold deposits, which had significant production in the past. Most of the known occurrences lie to the immediate north-east of the SCA, but there are six occurrences within the adjoining part of the SCA. There is also a barite occurrence within the Bindook Volcanic Complex at Jooriland in the southern part of the SCA.

Recommendation Yerranderie SCA should remain an SCA.

240 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 241

Western NSW Region

Beni CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1849 ha Upper Darling Region 1 December 2005

Description

Beni CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Dubbo Area of the Upper Darling Region, approximately 8 km north-east of Dubbo. It was created from former State Forest in December 2005 as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and was reserved as a CCAZ3 SCA under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. It lies to the north of Wongarbon Nature Reserve, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) characteristic of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion in the Brigalow Belt South Bioregion.

Existing titles

No exploration titles

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The Jurassic Pilliga Sandstone reaches its southern extent here, as it laps onto the Ordovician basement rocks of the Lachlan Orogen, which crop out to the south and south-east, and where there is untested potential for gold and copper. The Pilliga Sandstone contains interbeds of mudstone (which are locally mined for clay), and minor amounts of coal. The area holds potential for gold and base metals in the basement rocks, which are likely to occur at a shallow depth beneath the Pilliga Sandstone. The area would need to be adequately tested to establish potential.

Recommendation Beni SCA should remain an SCA.

242 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 243

Western NSW Region

Biddon CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 3352 ha Northern Plains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Biddon CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Coonabarabran Area of the Northern Plains Region, approximately 20 km north-east of Gilgandra. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies adjacent to state forest, and features predominantly dry sclerophyll forests of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology consists of Jurassic–Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Surat Basin overlying Permian–Triassic rocks of the Gunnedah Basin. Potential coal resources have been identified in the Gunnedah Basin Sequence in the Tooraweenah Trough. The area has potential for coal seam methane and conventional petroleum.

Recommendation Biddon CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

244 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 245

Western NSW Region

Durridgere CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 5463 ha Blue Mountains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Durridgere CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Mudgee Area of the Blue Mountains Region, approximately 57 km north-east of Mudgee. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies just north of Goulburn River National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Dissected Sandstone Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9 and Petroleum

Mining title – Group 9

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area is dominated by Jurassic sedimentary rocks deposited in the Surat Basin, part of the Great Australian Basin, which overlie Triassic and Permian sedimentary rocks of the Sydney Basin Sequence, including the Illawarra Coal Measures. There are potential coal resources in the Illawarra Coal Measures. There is moderate to high potential for coal seam methane and conventional petroleum. Active coal exploration and mining for coal and petroleum are ongoing in the wider area, and active coal exploration and mining is also occurring in the SCA.

Recommendation Durridgere CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

246 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 247

Western NSW Region

Goodiman CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 569 ha Blue Mountains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Goodiman CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Mudgee Area of the Blue Mountains Region, approximately 45 km north-west of Mudgee. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies 16 km east of the small Dapper Nature Reserve, and features grassy woodlands characteristic of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 9

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area consists of the Tucklan Formation (Cabonne Group), with felsic lavas of the Silurian Tannabutta Group further east. Parts of the area include Permian sedimentary rocks of the Black Jack Group, which contain coal. This area is also prospective for metallic minerals.

Recommendation Goodiman CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

248 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 249

Western NSW Region

Goonoo CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 53 752 ha Upper Darling Region 1 December 2005

Description

Goonoo CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Dubbo Area of the Upper Darling Region, approximately 43 km north-east of Dubbo. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA borders the smaller Goonoo National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Groups 1, 9 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by Jurassic–Cretaceous sedimentary rocks that were deposited in the Surat Basin (part of the Great Australian Basin) and underlying Permian–Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Gunnedah Basin. There are potential coal resources in the Maules Creek Coal Measures. The area has moderate potential for coal seam methane and moderate to high potential for conventional petroleum.

Recommendation Goonoo CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

250 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 251

Western NSW Region

Gundabooka SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 25 200 ha Upper Darling Region 1 July 2005

Description

Gundabooka SCA is located in the Bourke Area of the Upper Darling Region, approximately 41 km south of Bourke. It was created in July 2005 from former Crown and freehold land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA borders Gundabooka National Park, and features semi-arid woodlands (grassy subformation) of the Cobar Peneplain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area is dominated by Cainozoic aeolian sands, fluvial and colluvial silt, sand, gravel and lake deposits, which overlie sedimentary rocks of the Early Cretaceous Rolling Downs Group. Drilling, geophysical interpretation and recent detailed studies in the area indicate shallow cover and that the Gundabooka Syncline (probably made up of units of the Cobar Supergroup) lies up to 100 m beneath the surface. These units are highly prospective and host many major metalliferous deposits around Cobar, Cargelligo and elsewhere throughout central NSW. The Gundabooka Homestead copper prospect is also located in this area.

Recommendation Gundabooka SCA should remain an SCA.

252 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 253

Western NSW Region

Merriwindi CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1730 ha Northern Plains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Merriwindi CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Baradine Area of the Northern Plains Region, approximately 60 km north-west of Coonabarabran. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA occurs in an area of State Forest connecting Pilliga West CCAZ3 SCA and Timallallie CCAZ1 National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation) of the Northern Sandstones biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The surface geology of the area is dominated by Cainozoic Sandplain and recent alluvium. Underlying rocks include potential host rocks for conventional gas and coal seam gas deposits. Seismic surveys have identified suitable structures that would need to be adequately tested to establish potential.

Recommendation Merriwindi CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

254 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 255

Western NSW Region

Mount Canobolas SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1673 ha Western Rivers Region 5 December 1997

Description

Mount Canobolas SCA is located in the Macquarie Area of the Western Rivers Region, approximately 12 km south-west of Orange. It was created in December 1997 from a former State Recreation Area, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA is surrounded by State Forest on three sides, and features grassy woodlands characteristic of the Central Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The SCA is situated on Tertiary Basalts of the Mount Canobolas shield volcano. The basalts have been a source of construction materials and dimension stone. More significantly, there are Ordovician to Early Silurian magmatic, volcanic and volcanic- derived sedimentary rocks that collectively form part of the Macquarie Arc. These are the most prospective rocks for gold and copper in NSW. Numerous deep holes drilled through the basalt around Mount Canobolas discovered Ridgeway, the most profitable ore deposit in Australia. Despite the presence of basalt at the surface, exploration interest has been consistently high. Significant metalliferous deposits may lie in the most highly prospective rocks at depth. The SCA lies only about 7.5 km north of the Cadia Hill and Cadia–Ridgeway mines. The Cadia district is the fifth largest porphyry- related district in the world.

Recommendation Mount Canobolas SCA should remain an SCA.

256 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 257

Western NSW Region

Mullion Range SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 1025 ha Western Rivers Region 12 March 1999

Description

Mullion Range SCA is located in the Macquarie Area of the Western Rivers Region, approximately 17 km north-east of Orange. It was created in March 1999 from a former State Recreation Area, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies a short distance from Girralang Nature Reserve, and features predominantly grassy woodlands characteristic of the Central Tablelands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 1

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology includes intermediate-felsic volcanic rocks, tuffs, volcanic-derived sedimentary rocks and limestones of the Mullion Range Volcanics, which belong to the Silurian Mumbil Group. The Mullion Range Volcanics host several major ore deposits, including the Lewis Ponds Deposit (copper, lead, zinc, gold and silver) and the large Mt Bulga Copper Mine. There are historical gold workings in the central part of the SCA and in the vicinity of the southern part. The area is highly prospective for gold.

Recommendation Mullion Range SCA should remain an SCA.

258 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 259

Western NSW Region

Nombinnie SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 46 000 ha Upper Darling Region 11 March 2005

Description

Nombinnie SCA is located in the Cobar Area of the Upper Darling Region, approximately 58 km west of Lake Cargelligo. It was created in March 2005 from former Crown and freehold land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA is bordered on two sides by Nombinnie National Park, and features semi-arid woodlands (shrubby subformation) of the Murray–-Darling Depression biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Group 1 and Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The geology of the area is dominated by colluvial and aeolian Quaternary sediments. These sediments are mainly thin and probably overlie felsic marine volcanic rocks and volcanic-derived sedimentary rocks of the Devonian Mt Hope Group, which belong to the Cobar Supergroup. Although mineral deposits have not been found in the area, the basement rocks are highly prospective, particularly for volcanic-hosted-style mineralisation. Rocks of the Cobar Supergroup host the nearby Mt Hope Copper Mine, the Coan Copper Mine at Mount Allen, and the Great Central base metal mines. There is improved geological knowledge of the area based on recent geophysical work by the Geological Survey of NSW.

Recommendation Nombinnie SCA should remain an SCA.

260 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 261

Western NSW Region

Paroo-Darling SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 41 521 ha Far West Region 25 October 2002

Description

Paroo-Darling SCA is located in the Broken Hill Area of the Far West Region, approximately 42 km north-east of Wilcannia. It was created in October 2002 from former Crown and freehold land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to Paroo-Darling National Park, and features semi- arid woodlands and arid shrublands (Chenopod subformation) of the North Western Sands biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by surficial sediments of Cainozoic age overlying sediments of the Murray Basin Sequence, which in turn overlie a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks that were deposited within the Darling Basin in a geological structure called the Pondie Range Trough. Traces of oil have been found at the surface within rocks of the adjacent Koonenbery Belt to the west. The area has high potential for petroleum.

Recommendation Paroo-Darling SCA should remain an SCA.

262 Review of State Conservation Areas

]

Review of State Conservation Areas 263

Western NSW Region

Pilliga West CCAZ3 SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 34 415 ha Northern Plains Region 1 December 2005

Description

Pilliga West CCAZ3 SCA is located in the Baradine Area of the Northern Plains Region, approximately 90 km north-west of Coonabarabran. It was created in December 2005 from former State Forest as a result of the NSW Comprehensive Regional Assessment process, and reserved under the Brigalow and Nandewar Community Conservation Area Act 2005. The SCA lies adjacent to Sate Forest and Pilliga West CCAZ1 National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass subformation), moving into semi-arid woodlands, of the Darling Riverine Plains biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The surface geology is dominated by Cainozoic Sandplain and recent alluvium overlaying sedimentary rocks of Jurassic and Triasic age, which include potential host rocks for conventional and coal seam gas deposits. Seismic surveys have identified suitable structures. There is high potential for coal seam methane.

Recommendation Pilliga West CCAZ3 SCA should remain an SCA.

264 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 265

Western Sydney Region

Maroota Ridge SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 260 ha Sydney North Region 27 January 2006

Description

Maroota Ridge SCA is located in the Lower Hawkesbury Area of the Sydney North Region, approximately 36 km west of Woy Woy. It was created in January 2006 from former Crown land, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies a short distance west of Marramarra National Park, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Cumberland Plain biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration title – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by Hawkesbury Sandstone and underlying units of the Sydney Basin Sequence. The SCA is in an area with high potential for both coal seam methane and conventional petroleum. The Illawarra Coal Measures are present at depth and contain several coal seams, including the Bulli, Balgownie, Woronora and Wongawilli seams.

Recommendation Maroota Ridge SCA should remain an SCA.

266 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 267

Western Sydney Region

Parr SCA

SCA Area NPWS Region Reservation Date 38 121 ha Central Coast – Hunter 11 March 1988 Range Region

Description

Parr SCA is located in the Yango Area of the Central Coast – Hunter Range Region, approximately 48 km west of Gosford. It was created in March 1988 from a former State Recreation Area, and reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The SCA lies adjacent to Yengo and Wollemi National Parks, and features dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation) of the Dissected Sandstone Plateau biogeographic subregion.

Existing titles

Exploration titles – Petroleum

No mining titles

Geology and mineral values

The area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Sydney Basin. The surface geology comprises Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone. It is also underlain at depth by the Illawarra Coal Measures, with several seams, including the Bulli, Balgownie and Wongawilli seams. There is untested coal and coal seam methane potential.

Recommendation Parr SCA should remain an SCA.

268 Review of State Conservation Areas

Review of State Conservation Areas 269

Appendix A Exploration and mining titles

The following types of exploration and mining titles are granted in NSW:

Exploration Licence (for coal and minerals) (EL): • Granted for durations of between 1 and 5 years • Area defined by graticular block system based on latitude and longitude, excluding national parks etc. (minerals except coal) • Area defined by surveyed boundaries (coal) • Required to conduct activities to improve understanding of geology and resource potential • Required to negotiate access agreement with landowner before conducting activities • Required to gain approval for significant ground-disturbing activities • Required to gain approval for any activities in environmentally sensitive and exempt areas (e.g. SCAs)

Mining Lease (for coal and minerals) (ML): • Required to gain Development Consent (DC) before grant of ML • Granted for up to 21 years • Required to meet mine production and employment conditions • Required to negotiate compensation agreement with landowner before conducting activities • Required to meet DC conditions and comply with approved Mining Operations and Rehabilitation Plans

Mineral Claim (for minerals): • Granted over small areas (maximum 24 ha) • Require DC for mining activities (except in Mineral Claims Districts – e.g. Lightning Ridge) • Permit exploration and small-scale mining • Similar conditions to ML

Petroleum Special Prospecting Authority (PSPA): • Granted for 1 year only • Allows only minimal ground-disturbing activities • Used to investigate areas worthy of further exploration as PEL

Petroleum Exploration Licence (for oil and gas, including coal seam gas) (PEL): • Granted for between 1 and 6 years • Required to conduct activities to improve understanding of geology and resource potential • Required to negotiate access agreement with landowner before conducting activities • Required to gain approval for significant ground-disturbing activities • Required to gain approval for any activities in environmentally sensitive and exempt areas (e.g. SCAs) • Require Part 3A approval under EP&A Act for seismic surveys and wells in certain LGAs

270 Review of State Conservation Areas

Petroleum Production Lease (PPL): • Required to gain DC before grant of ML • Granted for up to 21 years • Required to meet production and employment conditions • Required to negotiate access agreement with landowner before conducting activities • Required to meet DC conditions and comply with approved Petroleum Production Operations and Rehabilitation Plans

Review of State Conservation Areas 271

Appendix B Mineral groups

For administration of exploration licences and mining leases in NSW, minerals are split into the following 10 groups:

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 (Metallic minerals) (Non-metallic minerals) (Semi-precious stones) antimony agricultural lime agate arsenic apatite chalcedony bismuth asbestos jade cadmium barite nephrite caesium bauxite quartz crystal chromite beryllium minerals rhodonite cobalt borates tourmaline columbium calcite turquoise copper chert galena chlorite Group 4 germanium cryolite (Marine aggregate) gold diatomite marine aggregate indium dimension stone iron minerals dolomite Group 5 lead emerald (Clay minerals) lithium emery bentonite (including fuller’s manganese feldspathic materials earth) mercury fluorite clay/shale molybdenite garnet kaolin nickel graphite structural clay niobium gypsum platinum group minerals halite (including solar salt) Group 6 platinum limestone (Corundum, diamond, ruby rare earth minerals magnesite and sapphire) rubidium magnesium salts corundum scandium and its ores marble diamond selenium mica ruby silver mineral pigments sapphire sulphur olivine tantalum ores of silicon Group 7 (Opal) thorium peat opal tin perlite tungsten and its ores phosphates Group 8 vanadium potassium minerals (Geothermal substances) zinc potassium salts geothermal substances zirconia pyrophyllite quartzite Group 9 reef quartz (Coal and oil shale) serpentine coal sillimanite-group minerals oil shale sodium salts staurolite Group 10 strontium minerals (Mineral sands) talc ilmenite topaz leucoxene vermiculite monazite wollastonite rutile zeolites zircon

272 Review of State Conservation Areas

Index of State Conservation Areas

A E Arakoon SCA, 122 Everlasting Swamp SCA, 148 Avondale SCA, 74 F B Fishermans Bend SCA, 150 Banyabba SCA, 124 Fladbury SCA, 92 Bargo River SCA, 54 Frogs Hole SCA, 214 Bargo SCA, 56 Barnunj SCA, 58 G Barrakee SCA, 126 Barrington Tops SCA, 24 Garawarra SCA, 64 Beni CCAZ3 SCA, 242 Georges River SCA, 236 Bents Basin SCA, 230 Gir-um-bit SCA, 38 Berlang SCA, 208 Glenrock SCA, 40 Biddon CCAZ3 SCA, 244 Goodiman CCAZ3 SCA, 248 Bindarri SCA, 128 Goonoo CCAZ3 SCA, 250 Bingara CCAZ3 SCA, 76 Goonoowigal CCAZ3 SCA, 94 Black Bulga SCA, 26 Gumbaynggirr SCA, 152 Bobbiwaa CCAZ3 SCA, 78 Gundabooka SCA, 252 Boonanghi SCA, 130 Gurranang SCA, 154 Bridal Veil Falls SCA, 132 Guy Fawkes River SCA, 156 Brindabella SCA, 210 Gwydir River CCAZ3 SCA, 96 Bulahdelah SCA, 28 Bullawa Creek CCAZ3 SCA, 80 I Bundjalung SCA, 134 Illawarra Escarpment SCA, 66 Bungawalbin SCA, 136 Bungonia SCA, 212 J Burragorang SCA, 232 Butterleaf SCA, 82 Jackywalbin SCA, 158 Jilliby SCA, 16 C K Camerons Gorge SCA, 30 Cape Byron SCA, 138 Kalyarr SCA, 198 Carrai SCA, 84 Karuah SCA, 42 Cascade SCA, 140 Killarney CCAZ3 SCA, 98 Cataract SCA, 86 Kooyong SCA, 160 Chaelundi SCA, 142 Kumbatine SCA, 162 Chatsworth Hill SCA, 144 Kybeyan SCA, 216 Colymea SCA, 60 Coneac SCA, 32 L Copeland Tops SCA, 34 Lake Innes SCA, 164 Corramy SCA, 62 Lake Macquarie SCA, 18 Corymbia SCA, 146 Laurence Road SCA, 166 Cottan-Bimbang SCA, 88 Leard CCAZ3 SCA, 100 Curracabundi SCA, 36 Livingstone SCA, 200 Currys Gap SCA, 90 M D Macanally SCA, 218 Dharawal SCA, 234 Macquarie Pass SCA, 68 Durridgere CCAZ3 SCA, 246 Majors Creek SCA, 220 Maroota Ridge SCA, 266 Medowie SCA, 44 Merriwindi CCAZ3 SCA, 254

Review of State Conservation Areas 273

Monga SCA, 222 Tallaganda SCA, 224 Morton SCA, 70 The Cells SCA, 180 Mount Canobolas SCA, 256 Tilligerry SCA, 48 Mount Hyland SCA, 168 Toonumbar SCA, 182 Mount Pikapene SCA, 170 Torrington SCA, 110 Mullion Range SCA, 258 Trinkey CCAZ3 SCA, 112 Mummel Gulf SCA, 102 Tuggerah SCA, 22 Munmorah SCA, 20 Tumblong SCA, 202

N U Nattai SCA, 238 Upper Nepean SCA, 72 Nombinnie SCA, 260 Nymboi-Binderay SCA, 172 W Nymboida SCA, 174 Warialda CCAZ3 SCA, 114 Washpool SCA, 116 O Watsons Creek SCA, 118 Oxley Wild Rivers SCA, 104 Werakata SCA, 50 Wereboldera SCA, 204 P Werrikimbe SCA, 184 Whian Whian SCA, 186 Paroo-Darling SCA, 262 Wollumbin SCA, 188 Parr SCA, 268 Wombat Creek SCA, 190 Pilliga CCAZ3 SCA, 106 Wondoba CCAZ3 SCA, 120 Pilliga East CCAZ3 SCA, 108 Worimi SCA, 52 Pilliga West CCAZ3 SCA, 264 Y Q Yanga SCA, 206 Queens Lake SCA, 176 Yanununbeyan SCA, 226 Yarriabini SCA, 192 S Yarringully SCA, 194 Sugarloaf SCA, 46 Yerranderie SCA, 240 Yurammie SCA, 228 T Yuraygir SCA, 196 Talawahl SCA, 178

274 Review of State Conservation Areas www.environment.nsw.gov.au