Martian Meteorites Posters
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Secondary Minerals in the Nakhlite Meteorite Yamato 000593: Distinguishing Martian from Terrestrial Alteration Products
46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2015) 2010.pdf SECONDARY MINERALS IN THE NAKHLITE METEORITE YAMATO 000593: DISTINGUISHING MARTIAN FROM TERRESTRIAL ALTERATION PRODUCTS. H. Breton1, M. R. Lee1, and D. F. Mark2 1School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Ave, Glasgow, Lanarkshire G12 8QQ, UK ([email protected]), 2Scottish Universities Environmental Research Center, Rankine Ave, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK Introduction: The nakhlites are olivine-bearing Methods: A thin section of Y-000593 was studied clinopyroxenites that formed in a Martian lava flow or using a Carl Zeiss Sigma field-emission SEM equipped shallow intrusion 1.3 Ga ago [1, 2]. They are scientifi- with an Oxford Instruments Aztec microanalysis sys- cally extremely valuable because they interacted with tem at the University of Glasgow. Chemical and miner- water-bearing fluids on Mars [3]. Fluid-rock interac- alogical identification within the secondary minerals tions led to the precipitation of secondary minerals, were obtained through backscattered electron (BSE) many of which are hydrous. The secondary minerals imaging and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) consist in a mixture of poorly crystalline smectitic ma- mapping and quantitative microanalysis. terial and Fe-oxide, collectively called “iddingsite”, but Results and discussions: Y-000593 is an unbrec- also carbonate and sulphate [4]. The proportion, chem- ciated cumulate rock whose mineralogy is similar to istry and habit of the secondary minerals vary between other nakhlites: a predominance of augite and minor members of the Nakhlite group, which is thought to olivine phenocrysts surrounded by a microcrystalline reflect compositional variation of the fluid within the mesostasis [9]. -
Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List
Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List A002: (Advances in Earth & Planetary Science) oral 201A 5/17, 9:45–10:20, *A002-001, Science of small bodies opened by Hayabusa Akira Fujiwara 5/17, 10:20–10:55, *A002-002, What has the lunar explorer ''Kaguya'' seen ? Junichi Haruyama 5/17, 10:55–11:30, *A002-003, Planetary Explorations of Japan: Past, current, and future Takehiko Satoh A003: (Geoscience Education and Outreach) oral 301A 5/17, 9:00–9:02, Introductory talk -outreach activity for primary school students 5/17, 9:02–9:14, A003-001, Learning of geological formation for pupils by Geological Museum: Part (3) Explanation of geological formation Shiro Tamanyu, Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada 5/17, 9:14-9:26, A003-002 YUREO: an analog experiment equipment for earthquake induced landslide Youhei Suzuki, Shintaro Hayashi, Shuichi Sasaki 5/17, 9:26-9:38, A003-003 Learning of 'geological formation' for elementary schoolchildren by the Geological Museum, AIST: Overview and Drawing worksheets Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada, Shiro Tamanyu 5/17, 9:38-9:50, A003-004 Collaborative educational activities with schools in the Geological Museum and Geological Survey of Japan Yuki Sawada, Rie Morijiri, Shiro Tamanyu, other 5/17, 9:50-10:02, A003-005 What did the Schoolchildren's Summer Course in Seismology and Volcanology left 400 participants something? Kazuyuki Nakagawa 5/17, 10:02-10:14, A003-006 The seacret of Kyoto : The 9th Schoolchildren's Summer Course inSeismology and Volcanology Akiko Sato, Akira Sangawa, Kazuyuki Nakagawa Working group for -
Magnetite Biomineralization and Ancient Life on Mars Richard B Frankel* and Peter R Buseckt
Magnetite biomineralization and ancient life on Mars Richard B Frankel* and Peter R Buseckt Certain chemical and mineral features of the Martian meteorite with a mass distribution unlike terrestrial PAHs or those from ALH84001 were reported in 1996 to be probable evidence of other meteorites; thirdly, bacterium-shaped objects (BSOs) ancient life on Mars. In spite of new observations and up to several hundred nanometers long that resemble fos interpretations, the question of ancient life on Mars remains silized terrestrial microorganisms; and lastly, 10-100 nm unresolved. Putative biogenic, nanometer magnetite has now magnetite (Fe304), pyrrhotite (Fel_xS), and greigite (Fe3S4) become a leading focus in the debate. crystals. These minerals were cited as evidence because of their similarity to biogenic magnetic minerals in terrestrial Addresses magnetotactic bacteria. *Department of Physics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA; e-mail: [email protected] The ancient life on Mars hypothesis has been extensively tDepartments of Geology and Chemistry/Biochemistry, Arizona State challenged, and alternative non-biological processes have University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1404, USA; e-mail: [email protected] been proposed for each of the four features cited by McKay et al. [4]. In this paper we review the current situa tion regarding their proposed evidence, focusing on the Abbreviations putative biogenic magnetite crystals. BCM biologically controlled mineralization BIM biologically induced mineralization BSO bacterium-shaped object Evidence for and against ancient Martian life PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAHs and BSOs Reports of contamination by terrestrial organic materials [5°,6°] and the similarity of ALH84001 PAHs to non-bio genic PAHs in carbonaceous chondrites [7,8] make it Introduction difficult to positively identify PAHs of non-terrestrial, bio A 2 kg carbonaceous stony meteorite, designated genic origin. -
March 21–25, 2016
FORTY-SEVENTH LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS MARCH 21–25, 2016 The Woodlands Waterway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center The Woodlands, Texas INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Eileen Stansbery, NASA Johnson Space Center PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIRS David Draper, NASA Johnson Space Center Walter Kiefer, Lunar and Planetary Institute PROGRAM COMMITTEE P. Doug Archer, NASA Johnson Space Center Nicolas LeCorvec, Lunar and Planetary Institute Katherine Bermingham, University of Maryland Yo Matsubara, Smithsonian Institute Janice Bishop, SETI and NASA Ames Research Center Francis McCubbin, NASA Johnson Space Center Jeremy Boyce, University of California, Los Angeles Andrew Needham, Carnegie Institution of Washington Lisa Danielson, NASA Johnson Space Center Lan-Anh Nguyen, NASA Johnson Space Center Deepak Dhingra, University of Idaho Paul Niles, NASA Johnson Space Center Stephen Elardo, Carnegie Institution of Washington Dorothy Oehler, NASA Johnson Space Center Marc Fries, NASA Johnson Space Center D. Alex Patthoff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cyrena Goodrich, Lunar and Planetary Institute Elizabeth Rampe, Aerodyne Industries, Jacobs JETS at John Gruener, NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Justin Hagerty, U.S. Geological Survey Carol Raymond, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lindsay Hays, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Paul Schenk, -
From Meteorites to Evolution and Habitability of Planets
Planetary and Space Science 72 (2012) 3–17 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Planetary and Space Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pss From meteorites to evolution and habitability of planets Dehant Ve´ronique a,n, Breuer Doris b, Claeys Philippe c, Debaille Vinciane d, De Keyser Johan e, Javaux Emmanuelle f, Goderis Steven c, Karatekin O¨ zgur a, Spohn Tilman b, Vandaele Ann Carine e, Vanhaecke Frank g, Van Hoolst Tim a, Wilquet Vale´rie e a Royal Observatory of Belgium, 3 avenue Circulaire, Brussels, B-1180, Belgium b Deutsche Zentrum fur¨ Luft- und Raumfahrt, Berlin, Germany c Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium d Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium e Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium f Universite´ de Liege, 4000 Liege 1, Belgique g Universiteit Gent, Brussels, Belgium article info abstract Article history: The evolution of planets is driven by the composition, structure, and thermal state of their internal core, Received 31 March 2012 mantle, lithosphere, and crust, and by interactions with a possible ocean and/or atmosphere. A planet’s Accepted 29 May 2012 history is a long chronology of events with possibly a sequence of apocalyptic events in which asteroids, Available online 23 June 2012 comets and their meteorite offspring play an important role. Large meteorite impacts on the young Keywords: Earth could have contributed to the conditions for life to appear, and similarly large meteorite impacts Terrestrial planets could also create the conditions to erase life or drastically decrease biodiversity on the surface of the Habitability planet. Meteorites also contain valuable information to understand the evolution of a planet through Meteorites their gas inclusion, their composition, and their cosmogenic isotopes. -
Aqueous Alteration in Martian Meteorites: Comparing Mineral Relations in Igneous-Rock Weathering of Martian Meteorites and in the Sedimentary Cycle of Mars
AQUEOUS ALTERATION IN MARTIAN METEORITES: COMPARING MINERAL RELATIONS IN IGNEOUS-ROCK WEATHERING OF MARTIAN METEORITES AND IN THE SEDIMENTARY CYCLE OF MARS MICHAEL A. VELBEL Department of Geological Sciences, 206 Natural Science Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1115 USA e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Many of the minerals observed or inferred to occur in the sediments and sedimentary rocks of Mars, from a variety of Mars-mission spacecraft data, also occur in Martian meteorites. Even Martian meteorites recovered after some exposure to terrestrial weathering can preserve preterrestrial evaporite minerals and useful information about aqueous alteration on Mars, but the textures and textural contexts of such minerals must be examined carefully to distinguish preterrestrial evaporite minerals from occurrences of similar minerals redistributed or formed by terrestrial processes. Textural analysis using terrestrial microscopy provides strong and compelling evidence for preterrestrial aqueous alteration products in a numberof Martian meteorites. Occurrences of corroded primary rock-forming minerals and alteration products in meteorites from Mars cover a range of ages of mineral–water interaction, from ca. 3.9 Ga (approximately mid-Noachian), through one or more episodes after ca. 1.3 Ga (approximately mid–late Amazonian), through the last half billion years (late Amazonian alteration in young shergottites), to quite recent. These occurrences record broadly similar aqueous corrosion processes and formation of soluble weathering products over a broad range of times in the paleoenvironmental history of the surface of Mars. Many of the same minerals (smectite-group clay minerals, Ca-sulfates, Mg-sulfates, and the K-Fe–sulfate jarosite) have been identified both in the Martian meteorites and from remote sensing of the Martian surface. -
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MacArtney, Adrienne (2018) Atmosphere crust coupling and carbon sequestration on early Mars. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9006/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten:Theses http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] ATMOSPHERE - CRUST COUPLING AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION ON EARLY MARS By Adrienne MacArtney B.Sc. (Honours) Geosciences, Open University, 2013. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW 2018 © Adrienne MacArtney All rights reserved. The author herby grants to the University of Glasgow permission to reproduce and redistribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in any part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of Author: 16th January 2018 Abstract Evidence exists for great volumes of water on early Mars. Liquid surface water requires a much denser atmosphere than modern Mars possesses, probably predominantly composed of CO2. Such significant volumes of CO2 and water in the presence of basalt should have produced vast concentrations of carbonate minerals, yet little carbonate has been discovered thus far. -
The Nakhlite Meteorites: Augite-Rich Igneous Rocks from Mars ARTICLE
ARTICLE IN PRESS Chemie der Erde 65 (2005) 203–270 www.elsevier.de/chemer INVITED REVIEW The nakhlite meteorites: Augite-rich igneous rocks from Mars Allan H. Treiman Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058-1113, USA Received 22 October 2004; accepted 18 January 2005 Abstract The seven nakhlite meteorites are augite-rich igneous rocks that formed in flows or shallow intrusions of basaltic magma on Mars. They consist of euhedral to subhedral crystals of augite and olivine (to 1 cm long) in fine-grained mesostases. The augite crystals have homogeneous cores of Mg0 ¼ 63% and rims that are normally zoned to iron enrichment. The core–rim zoning is cut by iron-enriched zones along fractures and is replaced locally by ferroan low-Ca pyroxene. The core compositions of the olivines vary inversely with the steepness of their rim zoning – sharp rim zoning goes with the most magnesian cores (Mg0 ¼ 42%), homogeneous olivines are the most ferroan. The olivine and augite crystals contain multiphase inclusions representing trapped magma. Among the olivine and augite crystals is mesostasis, composed principally of plagioclase and/or glass, with euhedra of titanomagnetite and many minor minerals. Olivine and mesostasis glass are partially replaced by veinlets and patches of iddingsite, a mixture of smectite clays, iron oxy-hydroxides and carbonate minerals. In the mesostasis are rare patches of a salt alteration assemblage: halite, siderite, and anhydrite/ gypsum. The nakhlites are little shocked, but have been affected chemically and biologically by their residence on Earth. Differences among the chemical compositions of the nakhlites can be ascribed mostly to different proportions of augite, olivine, and mesostasis. -
Ancient Martian Life in Allan Hills 84001? Status of Some Current Controversies
Workshop on the Issue of Martian Meteorites 7043.pdf ANCIENT MARTIAN LIFE IN ALLAN HILLS 84001? STATUS OF SOME CURRENT CONTROVERSIES. A. H. Treiman, Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston TX 77058, USA ([email protected]). Four lines of evidence were taken to suggest that ALH Also, it is possible that the elongate magnetites formed at 84001 contained traces of ancient martian life preserved in high T, but after the carbonates formed [5]. Magnetites are its carbonate mineral masses [1]: abundance of organic also present in void spaces in the carbonate, either as the compounds (PAHs), disequilibrium mineral assemblages, product of decarbonation at high T [21] or as entrapped from morphology of sub-micron magnetite crystals, and presence the aqueous fluid that deposited the carbonates [22]. of objects comparable in size and shape to bacteria. This Summary. There is no consensus on the formation T or evidence is predicated on the carbonate globules having mechanism of carbonate masses. The bulk of evidence, in formed at temperatures conducive to life. Here, I review my opinion, is not consistent with T>400°C [4,6,7]. At pres- evidence on carbonate formation temperature, martian ori- ent, there seems no way to tell whether the carbonates gin of organic compounds, and bacteria-shaped objects. formed at moderate or low T: hotter or colder than ~150°C. Formation Temperature: A precondition for signs of Organic Matter: McKay et al. [1] presented evidence life associated with the carbonate masses [1] is that the that the carbonate pancakes in ALH 84001 are enriched in masses formed at T amenable to life (as we know it) [2], polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, which are organic <~150°C. -
Mars Pathfinder Landing Site Workshop Ii: Characteristics of the Ares Vallis Region and Field Trips in the Channeled Scabland, Washington
/, NASA-CR-200508 L / MARS PATHFINDER LANDING SITE WORKSHOP II: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARES VALLIS REGION AND FIELD TRIPS IN THE CHANNELED SCABLAND, WASHINGTON LPI Technical Report Number 95-01, Part 1 Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 LPI/TR--95-01, Part 1 "lp MARS PATHFINDER LANDING SITE WORKSHOP II: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARES VALLIS REGION AND FIELD TRIPS IN THE CHANNELED SCABLAND, WASHINGTON Edited by M. P. Golombek, K. S. Edgett, and J. W. Rice Jr. Held at Spokane, Washington September 24-30, 1995 Sponsored by Arizona State University Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 LPI Technical Report Number 95-01, Part 1 LPI/TR--95-01, Part 1 Compiled in 1995 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the University Space Research Association under Contract No. NASW-4574 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may he copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. This report may he cited as Golomhek M. P., Edger K. S., and Rice J. W. Jr., eds. ( 1992)Mars Pathfinder Landing Site Workshop 11: Characteristics of the Ares Vallis Region and Field Trips to the Channeled Scabland, Washington. LPI Tech. Rpt. 95-01, Part 1, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. 63 pp. -
Critically Testing Olivine-Hosted Putative Martian Biosignatures in the Yamato 000593
1 Critically testing olivine-hosted putative Martian biosignatures in the Yamato 000593 2 meteorite - geobiological implications 3 4 Abstract: 5 On rocky planets such as Earth and Mars the serpentinization of olivine in ultramafic crust 6 produces hydrogen that can act as a potential energy source for life. Direct evidence of fluid-rock 7 interaction on Mars comes from iddingsite alteration veins found in Martian meteorites. In the 8 Yamato 000593 meteorite putative biosignatures have been reported from altered olivines in the 9 form of microtextures and associated organic material that have been compared to tubular 10 bioalteration textures found in terrestrial sub-seafloor volcanic rocks. Here we use a suite of 11 correlative, high-sensitivity, in-situ chemical and morphological analyses to characterize and re- 12 evaluate these microalteration textures in Yamato 000593, a clinopyroxenite from the shallow sub- 13 surface of Mars. We show that the altered olivine crystals have angular and micro-brecciated 14 margins and are also highly strained due to impact induced fracturing. The shape of the olivine 15 microalteration textures is in no way comparable to microtunnels of inferred biological origin 16 found in terrestrial volcanic glasses and dunites, and rather we argue that the Yamato 000593 17 microtextures are abiotic in origin. Vein filling iddingsite extends into the olivine microalteration 18 textures and contains amorphous organic carbon occurring as bands and sub-spherical 19 concentrations <300 nm across. We propose that a Martian impact event produced the micro- 20 brecciated olivine crystal margins that reacted with subsurface hydrothermal fluids to form 21 iddingsite containing organic carbon derived from abiotic sources. -
Carbonate Formation Events in ALH 84001 Trace the Evolution of the Martian Atmosphere
Carbonate formation events in ALH 84001 trace the evolution of the Martian atmosphere Robina Shaheena, Paul B. Nilesb,1, Kenneth Chonga,c, Catherine M. Corrigand, and Mark H. Thiemensa aDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92122; bAstromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058; cDepartment of Chemistry, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768; and dSmithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20004 Edited by David J. Stevenson, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, and approved November 21, 2014 (received for review August 16, 2013) Carbonate minerals provide critical information for defining atmo- composition of carbonate minerals in ALH 84001. The O-iso- – 17 17 18 sphere hydrosphere interactions. Carbonate minerals in the Mar- topic anomaly (Δ O = δ O − 0.52 × δ O) observed in O3,SO4, ∼ tian meteorite ALH 84001 have been dated to 3.9 Ga, and both C NO3,CO3, and H2O2 has been successfully used to investigate and O-triple isotopes can be used to decipher the planet’s climate physicochemical and photochemical processes in terrestrial and history. Here we report Δ17O, δ18O, and δ13C data of ALH 84001 of extraterrestrial materials (14–18). In this study, we used five stable at least two varieties of carbonates, using a stepped acid dissolu- isotopes of carbonates (12C, 13C, 16O, 17O, and 18O) on Ca- and tion technique paired with ion microprobe analyses to specifically Fe-rich phases to decipher atmosphere–hydrosphere interactions target carbonates from distinct formation events and constrain the and Martian CO2/CO3 geochemical cycling. This high-precision Martian atmosphere–hydrosphere–geosphere interactions and multi-O-isotope analysis of secondary minerals was coordinated surficial aqueous alterations.