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IODP for Geohazard Mitigation
IODP for Geohazard mitigation: Estimation of rupture area and fault models for historical and pre-historical earthquakes by using submarine event deposit detected from ocean drilling survey Masanobu Shishikura and Yuichi Namegaya Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 305-8576 Tsukuba, Japan (Corresponding: [email protected]) Abstract Constructing precise fault model of historical and pre-historical subduction zone earthquakes is important for evaluation and mitigation of seismic and tsunami hazards. Because parameters for constraining the model of further past events essentially lack due to limited records, it is necessary to obtain paleoseismological data by offshore piston coring and drilling. Detecting and identifying event deposit such as seismic turbidite, rupture extent can be constrained along the subduction zone. 1. Introduction Fault model is a foundation to evaluate future seismic phenomena such as strong ground motion, crustal movement, tsunami inundation and so on. To estimate fault models of historical or pre-historical earthquakes, we usually try to know their precise rupture area. Since there are no instrumental observation data for estimating them, it must be identified of the magnitude and distribution of crustal movement and tsunami by analyzing historical records and geomorphological and geological traces. In other words, these evidences are unique indicator, and can provide good parameters to estimate rupture area of such earthquakes. If the rupture area is located on coastal region, it is relatively easy to recognize crustal movement from relative sea level change (abrupt uplift and subsidence) that has been recorded in such as marine terrace. However, most of the rupture area of interplate earthquake along subduction zone is located off coast. -
Geography & Climate
Web Japan http://web-japan.org/ GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE A country of diverse topography and climate characterized by peninsulas and inlets and Geography offshore islands (like the Goto archipelago and the islands of Tsushima and Iki, which are part of that prefecture). There are also A Pacific Island Country accidented areas of the coast with many Japan is an island country forming an arc in inlets and steep cliffs caused by the the Pacific Ocean to the east of the Asian submersion of part of the former coastline due continent. The land comprises four large to changes in the Earth’s crust. islands named (in decreasing order of size) A warm ocean current known as the Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, Kuroshio (or Japan Current) flows together with many smaller islands. The northeastward along the southern part of the Pacific Ocean lies to the east while the Sea of Japanese archipelago, and a branch of it, Japan and the East China Sea separate known as the Tsushima Current, flows into Japan from the Asian continent. the Sea of Japan along the west side of the In terms of latitude, Japan coincides country. From the north, a cold current known approximately with the Mediterranean Sea as the Oyashio (or Chishima Current) flows and with the city of Los Angeles in North south along Japan’s east coast, and a branch America. Paris and London have latitudes of it, called the Liman Current, enters the Sea somewhat to the north of the northern tip of of Japan from the north. The mixing of these Hokkaido. -
Secondary Minerals in the Nakhlite Meteorite Yamato 000593: Distinguishing Martian from Terrestrial Alteration Products
46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2015) 2010.pdf SECONDARY MINERALS IN THE NAKHLITE METEORITE YAMATO 000593: DISTINGUISHING MARTIAN FROM TERRESTRIAL ALTERATION PRODUCTS. H. Breton1, M. R. Lee1, and D. F. Mark2 1School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Ave, Glasgow, Lanarkshire G12 8QQ, UK ([email protected]), 2Scottish Universities Environmental Research Center, Rankine Ave, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK Introduction: The nakhlites are olivine-bearing Methods: A thin section of Y-000593 was studied clinopyroxenites that formed in a Martian lava flow or using a Carl Zeiss Sigma field-emission SEM equipped shallow intrusion 1.3 Ga ago [1, 2]. They are scientifi- with an Oxford Instruments Aztec microanalysis sys- cally extremely valuable because they interacted with tem at the University of Glasgow. Chemical and miner- water-bearing fluids on Mars [3]. Fluid-rock interac- alogical identification within the secondary minerals tions led to the precipitation of secondary minerals, were obtained through backscattered electron (BSE) many of which are hydrous. The secondary minerals imaging and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) consist in a mixture of poorly crystalline smectitic ma- mapping and quantitative microanalysis. terial and Fe-oxide, collectively called “iddingsite”, but Results and discussions: Y-000593 is an unbrec- also carbonate and sulphate [4]. The proportion, chem- ciated cumulate rock whose mineralogy is similar to istry and habit of the secondary minerals vary between other nakhlites: a predominance of augite and minor members of the Nakhlite group, which is thought to olivine phenocrysts surrounded by a microcrystalline reflect compositional variation of the fluid within the mesostasis [9]. -
Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List
Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List A002: (Advances in Earth & Planetary Science) oral 201A 5/17, 9:45–10:20, *A002-001, Science of small bodies opened by Hayabusa Akira Fujiwara 5/17, 10:20–10:55, *A002-002, What has the lunar explorer ''Kaguya'' seen ? Junichi Haruyama 5/17, 10:55–11:30, *A002-003, Planetary Explorations of Japan: Past, current, and future Takehiko Satoh A003: (Geoscience Education and Outreach) oral 301A 5/17, 9:00–9:02, Introductory talk -outreach activity for primary school students 5/17, 9:02–9:14, A003-001, Learning of geological formation for pupils by Geological Museum: Part (3) Explanation of geological formation Shiro Tamanyu, Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada 5/17, 9:14-9:26, A003-002 YUREO: an analog experiment equipment for earthquake induced landslide Youhei Suzuki, Shintaro Hayashi, Shuichi Sasaki 5/17, 9:26-9:38, A003-003 Learning of 'geological formation' for elementary schoolchildren by the Geological Museum, AIST: Overview and Drawing worksheets Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada, Shiro Tamanyu 5/17, 9:38-9:50, A003-004 Collaborative educational activities with schools in the Geological Museum and Geological Survey of Japan Yuki Sawada, Rie Morijiri, Shiro Tamanyu, other 5/17, 9:50-10:02, A003-005 What did the Schoolchildren's Summer Course in Seismology and Volcanology left 400 participants something? Kazuyuki Nakagawa 5/17, 10:02-10:14, A003-006 The seacret of Kyoto : The 9th Schoolchildren's Summer Course inSeismology and Volcanology Akiko Sato, Akira Sangawa, Kazuyuki Nakagawa Working group for -
Earthquake-Resistant Design for Architects Revised Edition to Whom This Report May Interest
Earthquake-resistant Design for Architects Revised edition To whom this report may interest, There are many earth quake prone countries in this world, not only Japan Therefore, at various occasions we were requested to explain our efforts and initiatives for reducing the risk of future earth quakes. After the Great Hanshin Earthquake, we had studied various methods to reduce the damages to ensure inhabitants lives, through collaborations of architects, structural engineers, building mechanical engineers and various specialists. Those considerations were realized in the book “Taishinkyohon” by the Japan Institute of Architects. The book was also revised after the Great East Japan Earthquake experiences. Owing to the language barriers, we are not able to explain easily our initiatives to outsiders. Therefore, we had tried to publish it in an English edition. Nevertheless through economic diculties, English editions had not been translated until now. In 2014, NPO called Japan Aseismic Safety Organization (JASO), decided to donate for the English translation, and furthermore their members donated for editing in English to form this report as well. A free report with internet download http://www.jaso.jp/ Since original Japanese book was published by publisher Shokokusha in Tokyo who still has the right to publish this book, we finally agreed that we would not sell commercially, but disperse only as a delivered free booklet with internet downloads. Therefore, anyone who likes to study is able to download from the HP of JASO who is holding their -
Flood Loss Model Model
GIROJ FloodGIROJ Loss Flood Loss Model Model General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan 2 Overview of Our Flood Loss Model GIROJ flood loss model includes three sub-models. Floods Modelling Estimate the loss using a flood simulation for calculating Riverine flooding*1 flooded areas and flood levels Less frequent (River Flood Engineering Model) and large- scale disasters Estimate the loss using a storm surge flood simulation for Storm surge*2 calculating flooded areas and flood levels (Storm Surge Flood Engineering Model) Estimate the loss using a statistical method for estimating the Ordinarily Other precipitation probability distribution of the number of affected buildings and occurring disasters related events loss ratio (Statistical Flood Model) *1 Floods that occur when water overflows a river bank or a river bank is breached. *2 Floods that occur when water overflows a bank or a bank is breached due to an approaching typhoon or large low-pressure system and a resulting rise in sea level in coastal region. 3 Overview of River Flood Engineering Model 1. Estimate Flooded Areas and Flood Levels Set rainfall data Flood simulation Calculate flooded areas and flood levels 2. Estimate Losses Calculate the loss ratio for each district per town Estimate losses 4 River Flood Engineering Model: Estimate targets Estimate targets are 109 Class A rivers. 【Hokkaido region】 Teshio River, Shokotsu River, Yubetsu River, Tokoro River, 【Hokuriku region】 Abashiri River, Rumoi River, Arakawa River, Agano River, Ishikari River, Shiribetsu River, Shinano -
Aqueous Alteration in Martian Meteorites: Comparing Mineral Relations in Igneous-Rock Weathering of Martian Meteorites and in the Sedimentary Cycle of Mars
AQUEOUS ALTERATION IN MARTIAN METEORITES: COMPARING MINERAL RELATIONS IN IGNEOUS-ROCK WEATHERING OF MARTIAN METEORITES AND IN THE SEDIMENTARY CYCLE OF MARS MICHAEL A. VELBEL Department of Geological Sciences, 206 Natural Science Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1115 USA e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Many of the minerals observed or inferred to occur in the sediments and sedimentary rocks of Mars, from a variety of Mars-mission spacecraft data, also occur in Martian meteorites. Even Martian meteorites recovered after some exposure to terrestrial weathering can preserve preterrestrial evaporite minerals and useful information about aqueous alteration on Mars, but the textures and textural contexts of such minerals must be examined carefully to distinguish preterrestrial evaporite minerals from occurrences of similar minerals redistributed or formed by terrestrial processes. Textural analysis using terrestrial microscopy provides strong and compelling evidence for preterrestrial aqueous alteration products in a numberof Martian meteorites. Occurrences of corroded primary rock-forming minerals and alteration products in meteorites from Mars cover a range of ages of mineral–water interaction, from ca. 3.9 Ga (approximately mid-Noachian), through one or more episodes after ca. 1.3 Ga (approximately mid–late Amazonian), through the last half billion years (late Amazonian alteration in young shergottites), to quite recent. These occurrences record broadly similar aqueous corrosion processes and formation of soluble weathering products over a broad range of times in the paleoenvironmental history of the surface of Mars. Many of the same minerals (smectite-group clay minerals, Ca-sulfates, Mg-sulfates, and the K-Fe–sulfate jarosite) have been identified both in the Martian meteorites and from remote sensing of the Martian surface. -
Translation Series No.1039
r,ARCHIVES FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series No. 1039 Artificial propagation of salmon in Japan By T. Mihara, S. Sano and H. Eguchi °evesYI,d0111 Yleletle i at-ti seeçsseneto, g. Gees, OeteNt Original title: Sake, Masu Jinkoo-fuka Jigyo. From: Booklet No. 5. Vol. 5 of the series on the propagation of the marine products. Published by: Nihon Suisanshigen Hogo Kyookai (The Japan , Soc. of the marine products protection), Vol. 5, July 25, pp. 2-60, 1964. Translated by the Translation Bureau(TM) Foreign Languages Division Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Fisheries Research Board of Canada Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. 1968 87 pages typescript F.L. i of,43zf 771-1. .:,emorandum (memorandum 1) To the Client r/\)/(-22N2 From the translator: 1) I could not find reasonable corresponding English f'or the following Japanese. iuseiha p. 27 (original p. 27) mihooshutsuran p.29 ( p. 28) tamasuling=22 (fishing net) p.57 ( p. 46) T isada (fishing implement) p. 57 ( p. 46) am now asking for the right translation to the author and as soon as I g et a answer I shall be glad to inform you. 2) Recently I found a new booklet (published in Dec. 1967), which you might be interest in it, ai the library of the Fisheries Department. This booklet is the vol. 14 of the same series of books. The vol.5 is rather introductly and vol. 14 imore scientific. The title and contents a:.- e as follows; T.LAkita, S. Sano and K. Taguchi: Propaqation of the Chum Salmon in Japan I. -
The Nakhlite Meteorites: Augite-Rich Igneous Rocks from Mars ARTICLE
ARTICLE IN PRESS Chemie der Erde 65 (2005) 203–270 www.elsevier.de/chemer INVITED REVIEW The nakhlite meteorites: Augite-rich igneous rocks from Mars Allan H. Treiman Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058-1113, USA Received 22 October 2004; accepted 18 January 2005 Abstract The seven nakhlite meteorites are augite-rich igneous rocks that formed in flows or shallow intrusions of basaltic magma on Mars. They consist of euhedral to subhedral crystals of augite and olivine (to 1 cm long) in fine-grained mesostases. The augite crystals have homogeneous cores of Mg0 ¼ 63% and rims that are normally zoned to iron enrichment. The core–rim zoning is cut by iron-enriched zones along fractures and is replaced locally by ferroan low-Ca pyroxene. The core compositions of the olivines vary inversely with the steepness of their rim zoning – sharp rim zoning goes with the most magnesian cores (Mg0 ¼ 42%), homogeneous olivines are the most ferroan. The olivine and augite crystals contain multiphase inclusions representing trapped magma. Among the olivine and augite crystals is mesostasis, composed principally of plagioclase and/or glass, with euhedra of titanomagnetite and many minor minerals. Olivine and mesostasis glass are partially replaced by veinlets and patches of iddingsite, a mixture of smectite clays, iron oxy-hydroxides and carbonate minerals. In the mesostasis are rare patches of a salt alteration assemblage: halite, siderite, and anhydrite/ gypsum. The nakhlites are little shocked, but have been affected chemically and biologically by their residence on Earth. Differences among the chemical compositions of the nakhlites can be ascribed mostly to different proportions of augite, olivine, and mesostasis. -
Japan: Tokai Heavy Rain (September 2000)
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION THE ASSOCIATED PROGRAMME ON FLOOD MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY1 JAPAN: TOKAI HEAVY RAIN (SEPTEMBER 2000) January 2004 Edited by TECHNICAL SUPPORT UNIT Note: Opinions expressed in the case study are those of author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management (APFM). Designations employed and presentations of material in the case study do not imply the expression of any opinion whatever on the part of the Technical Support Unit (TSU), APFM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management JAPAN: TOKAI HEAVY RAIN (SEPTEMBER 2000) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Japan 1. Place 1.1 Location Positions in the flood inundation area caused by the Tokai heavy rain: Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture is located at 35° – 35° 15’ north latitude, 136° 45’ - 137° east longitude. The studied area is Shonai and Shin river basin- hereinafter referred to as the Shonai river system. It locates about the center of Japan including Nagoya city area, 5th largest city in Japan with the population about 3millions. Therefore, two rivers flow through densely populated area and into the Pacific Ocean and are typical city-type rivers in Japan. Shin Riv. Border of basin Shonai Riv. Flooding area Point of breach ●Peak flow rate in major points on Sept. 12 (app. m3/s) ← Nagoya City, ← ← ino ino Aichi Prefecture j Ku ← 1,100 Shin Riv. ← 720 ← → ← ima Detention j Basin Shinkawa Araizeki Shidami Biwa (Fixed dam) Shin Riv. -
Abstruct (PDF 78KB)
Report of Riverfront Research Institute No.18 ABSTRUCT September, 2007 Foundation for Riverfront Improvement and Restoration Experimental research on restoration of the gravel bed of the Makomanai River, Sapporo Hokkaido (interim report) Hiroki TAKAHASHI/Noboru MARUOKA/Kiyoshi TAKEUCHI/Keizou WATANABE The Makomanai River has many rock-bedded sections where the bedrock has been exposed as a result riverbed degradation. This is thought to have been caused by a combined effect of the narrow valley flat, soft rock, decreases in sediment supply due to the check dams constructed in the 1980s, and the fixed water route of the river due to the river improvement carried out in the 1960s. The rock-bedded river channel, lacks river structures created by gravel (sediment) transport and scour–deposition processes and does not have shallows or pools suitable as habitat for benthos and fishes. Flood control problems caused by the scouring of revetment foundations are another matter of concern. This study is underway, therefore, on technical measures to restore the gravel bed of the Makomanai River based on adaptive management approach. In this study, a series of model experiments was conducted on various structures and configurations of facilities for accelerating gravel deposition, and, according to the experiment results, possible structures and configurations of experimental facilities were narrowed down and on-site experiments were conducted. Then, after monitoring-based verification, measures to be taken to restore the gravel bed of the Makomanai -
Japanese Geography Quiz What Prefecture Is Located in the Northernmost Part in Japan?
Japanese Geography Quiz What prefecture is located in the northernmost part in Japan? ① Hokkaido ② Aomori ③ Akita ④ Ishikawa What prefecture is located in the northernmost part in Japan? ① Hokkaido ② Aomori ③ Akita ④ Ishikawa What prefecture is located in the westernmost part in Japan? ① Okinawa ② Nagasaki ③ Osaka ④ Kagoshima What prefecture is located in the westernmost part in Japan? ① Okinawa ② Nagasaki ③ Osaka ④ Kagoshima What is the name of the island located in the southernmost part of Japan? ① Yaku Island ② Marcus Island ③ Okinawa Island ④ Okinotori Islands What is the name of the island located in the southernmost part of Japan? ① Yaku Island ② Marcus Island ③ Okinawa Island ④ Okinotori Islands What is the name of the island located in the easternmost part of Japan? ① Father Island ② Okinotori Islands ③ Marcus Island ④ Mother Island What is the name of the island located in the easternmost part of Japan? ① Father Island ② Okinotori Islands ③ Marcus Island ④ Mother Island What mountain is the second highest in Japan following Mt. Fuji? ① Yatsugatake Mountains ② Mt. Hotaka ③ Monte Yari ④ Mt. Kita (Shirane) What mountain is the second highest in Japan following Mt. Fuji? ① Yatsugatake Mountains ② Mt. Hotaka ③ Monte Yari ④ Mt. Kita (Shirane) How high is Mt.Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan? ① 1,776 meters ② 2,776 meters ③ 3,776 meters ④ 4,776 meters How high is Mt.Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan? ① 1,776 meters ② 2,776 meters ③ 3,776 meters ④ 4,776 meters What is the longest river in Japan? ① Shinano River ② Tone River ③ Ishikari