Kwame Mbalia

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Kwame Mbalia BOOK 2 KWAME MBALIA • HYPERION Los Angeles New York 1 Tr!"#$%Er& a'( Wh!)*+,S No!"#$ l%&'( g)*+,-G p./012D i3 t45 f67'. Call it a hunch or an educated guess. Either way, I can con face is way down on the list of enjoyable activities. It’s some where between eating a halfwayscraped toast and giving yourself a wedgie. Nope. Don’t like it. Espe cially when it’s accompanied by my grandfather’s trash talk. POP! “C’mon, boy! Keep your head moving! Unless you wanna make your living lying down on the mat. You want me to build you a house down there? I can get you a oneroom stu dio, utilities included.” When I opened my eyes, Granddad was standing over me with his hands on his hips. Well, his mitts on his hips. He wore gray jogging sweats and a crisp white Tshirt that 1 he had probably ironed. His afro, neatly trimmed and nearly all gray, moved from side to side as he grumbled and shook hand with scars on the knuckles. When I reached up with my right glove and he pulled me to my feet, I could feel the crouch and started bobbing and weaving his head. “You’re back. What’s wrong? You asked for this, remember? You tired?” We were inside the old barn on my grandparents’ farm. The earlyafternoon sun peeked through gaps in the walls, sending warm yellow rays down in stripes across the packed clearing now stood in the middle of the open space, and a few other adults were setting up benches. Why, I hear you asking, did I volunteer for this? Well, a few days ago, Granddad had gotten a call from an a trainer himself. A practice bout for one of his new pros pects had been canceled because of a storm, and he wanted to know if Granddad knew of anyone they could spar with. Why yes, I imagined Granddad saying, I have the perfect sparring partner. No, don’t worry, he’s up for the challenge. 2 That, my friends, isn’t volunteering. That’s called being voluntold. So I had a sparring match in an hour or so, and I was not looking forward to it, but Granddad had insisted I get in one good match before I left to go back home to Chicago. Yay. But don’t get me wrong. I wasn’t backing down. I wanted the challenge. Kept me distracted. Helped suppress unwanted thoughts. Mr. Richardson, my counselor, called them intru sive thoughts. Busy hands, calm mind. And when you trained with Granddad, your hands stayed busy. “No, sir, I’m not tired.” I hopped up, slammed my gloves together, and started the routine again. Granddad held up his mitts, and I let my hands go to work. “All right, boy,” my grandfather said. “Onetwo.” Sharp. Quick. Had to be better. Had to get stronger. Step Faster. FASTER. FAST “All right, boy, all right. Don’t get too worked up.” Granddad backed away and dropped the mitts. I stopped in midjab, breathing hard. “I told you, we’re warming up. What’s gotten into you?” 3 I started to answer, then closed my mouth. I didn’t know shoulders. Granddad watched me closely. “Take a deep breath. You sure you ain’t tired? I heard you up late last night, then early this morning. You getting enough sleep?” I bounced on my feet. “I’m okay, Granddad. I’m ready.” “I’ll tell you when you’re ready. Just breathe. You look tired.” I rolled my neck, trying to loosen up, looking everywhere around the barn instead of at Granddad. Pictures and post across the high twostory ceiling. But the real eyecatcher was up as he curled a bicep, and his cornerman, towel slung over It was Alvin Strong, my dad, the night he defended his StrongGranddad. I once asked Granddad why he’d chosen to commemorate like Dad in the mural. “Taking the belt was a feat, I’ll grant you. Somethin’ hard, worthy of a mural, I suppose. But it’s one 4 thing to take the belt when don’t nobody see you coming. It’s another to stare down an entire country while you got a target on your back, and then beat them challengers into submission. It’s hard to win a belt.... It’s even harder to keep it.” As I shook my arms to loosen them and then slipped my mouthpiece back in, Granddad stood beneath that mural. He might have been older, skinnier, with more wrinkles and less hair, but the same strength still radiated from him. I had that strength, too. I’d used it before, and I was going to have to use it again. Because, as much as it pained me, I had asked to train. I needed to get stronger. “I’m okay, Granddad. Honest,” I said, pounding my gloves together again. “I’m not tired at all.” “Mmhmm. We’ll see. Here we go. Onetwo. Onetwo. Good. Hook coming in. Onetwo. Onetwo. Tuck that chin in, boy, show these hands some respect! Onetwo. That’s it, that’s the Walter Strong special. Watch it, now. Good!” POP! POP! I snapped lefts and rights at the mitts as Granddad called the cadence, and for a while I did good. When the hooks came in from either direction, I ducked them, and when the straights came in, I dodged them, weaving from side to side so they went sailing by. A rhythm had me bouncing on my feet and practicing the sweet science. It felt good. I got into a groove. 5 POP! POP! And then it happened. A sound drifted past my ear. Something tiny and faint. A breath of wind brushed my cheek. A chill gripped my chest, making it hard to breathe. Tristan . Someone whispered my name. And right after that, dropped as I turned toward whateveror whoeverit was. “Tristan!” I recovered too late. WHAP! The hook came again and clipped the side of my head, sending me head over heels. It didn’t hurtit just knocked me upside down mitts and tossed them out of the ring. “Now what done got into you?! What is so fascinating that you’d take a punch from your opponent just to get a peek at it? Hmm? A piece of trash on the ground? You ain’t even here bling between the feet of the adults who were trying hard to not look at us. It was a receipt, crumpled up and harm less. I let out a shaky breath. Granddad waited, then sighed and motioned for me to come over. He unlaced the gloves 6 wrists. He worked quickly, then gathered up everything and stared at the mural on the barn wall. and you’re chewing on something in that head of yours and need to spit it out. Whatever it is, you can’t bring that into the ring. Distractions will be the end of you before your opponent throws a single punch.” into a giant faded stopped and took a deep breath. With a grunt, he lifted the body pads,” he said over his shoulder. “Then we’re going to Granddad marched out and the spectators followed him, leaving me alone in the barn, staring at the balledup receipt. Tiny. Like a small wad of cotton. That had bad associations for me. But the piece of paper wasn’t the actual distraction. I just couldn’t tell Granddad that. A whisper? He would’ve And who could blame him? How could I tell him that, just for a second, I’d thought I heard a faint drumbeat? “You know, boy, the least you could do is remove me from 7 your sweaty pocket before you start prancing about in your you plan on moping forever?” It came from my training shorts. I rolled my eyes and pulled out a shiny black phone with a gold spider emblem on the back, sleek and brandnew. When I raised it, the screen blinked on and a splash screen appeared the word STORY written inside it. The image faded away, and in its place appeared a tiny brown man stomping back and forth, hopping over glowing app icons and kicking aside the or shorts that were too long, and a Tshirt with a grinning spider on it. Anansi’s sense of style was somewhere between lazy dad and retrochic teen, and I could only shake my head. Why was Anansi, the original trickster, the master of story telling, the weaver of tales and webs of mischief, inside my phone? Great question! Because a month ago a tiny loudmouth stole my dead best friend’s journal. realm where Black folktale heroes and African gods walk around like you and me. Because I accidentally brought a diabolical haint with me, stirring up an even more ancient evil. Because I caught Anansi trying to use all the confusion 8 to gain power for himself instead of helping the people, and this was his punishment. Because I am an Anansesem, a carrier and spreader of those stories are stored, and which it is my responsibility to Because I got the hookup, that’s why. Now stop asking questions. Anyway, that was a month ago. It had been thirty days since Eddiewell, his spirit, actually, since he’s my dead best friendtold me goodbye for the last time. Since then I’d read aloud every word in the journal he left me and recorded it give The SBP’s screen went blank, and then the lock screen out of the background and began to toss it against the edge of the screen like a ball.
Recommended publications
  • Into the Breach Video Series Study Guide
    Into the Breach Video Series Study Guide Faith in Action Faith Into the Breach Video Series Study Guide Copyright © Knights of Columbus, 2021. All rights reserved. Quotations from Into the Breach, An Apostolic Exhortation to Catholic Men, Copyright © 2015, are used with permission of Diocese of Phoenix. Quotations from New American Bible, Revised Edition, Copyright © 2010, are used with permission of Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Inc., Washington, DC. Quotations from Catholic Word Book #371, Copyright © 2007, are used with permission of Knights of Columbus Supreme Council and Our Sunday Visitor, Huntington, IN 46750. Cover photograph credit: Shutterstock. Russo, Alex. Saint Michael Archangel statue on the top of Castel Sant’Angelo in Rome, Italy, used with permission. Getty Images. Trood, David. Trekking in the Austrian Alps, used with permission. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY MATERIALS Introduction. 1 A Man Who Can Stand in the Breach. 2 How to Use This Study Guide . 3 How to Lead a Small Group Session . 8 INTO THE BREACH EPISODES Masculinity . 12 Brotherhood. 19 Leadership . 27 Fatherhood. 35 Family . 42 Life . 49 Prayer . 56 Suffering . 64 Sacramental Life . 72 Spiritual Warfare . 80 Evangelization . 87 The Cornerstone . 95 APPENDIX Definitions . 103 Catholic Information Service. 107 Faith in Action . 108 INTRODUCTORY MATERIALS Introduction “And I sought for a man among them who should build up the wall and stand in the breach before me for the land…” (Ezekiel 22:30) In 2015, Bishop Thomas J.
    [Show full text]
  • Pugilistic Death and the Intricacies of Fighting Identity
    Copyright By Omar Gonzalez 2019 A History of Violence, Masculinity, and Nationalism: Pugilistic Death and the Intricacies of Fighting Identity By Omar Gonzalez, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the Department of History California State University Bakersfield In Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Arts in History 2019 A Historyof Violence, Masculinity, and Nationalism: Pugilistic Death and the Intricacies of Fighting Identity By Omar Gonzalez This thesishas beenacce ted on behalf of theDepartment of History by their supervisory CommitteeChair 6 Kate Mulry, PhD Cliona Murphy, PhD DEDICATION To my wife Berenice Luna Gonzalez, for her love and patience. To my family, my mother Belen and father Jose who have given me the love and support I needed during my academic career. Their efforts to raise a good man motivates me every day. To my sister Diana, who has grown to be a smart and incredible young woman. To my brother Mario, whose kindness reaches the highest peaks of the Sierra Nevada and who has been an inspiration in my life. And to my twin brother Miguel, his incredible support, his wisdom, and his kindness have not only guided my life but have inspired my journey as a historian. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis is a result of over two years of research during my time at CSU Bakersfield. First and foremost, I owe my appreciation to Dr. Stephen D. Allen, who has guided me through my challenging years as a graduate student. Since our first encounter in the fall of 2016, his knowledge of history, including Mexican boxing, has enhanced my understanding of Latin American History, especially Modern Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Paternalistic Objections to Hate Speech Regulation
    ESSAY II Pressure Valves and Bloodied Chickens: An Analysis of Paternalistic Objections to Hate Speech Regulation Richard Delgadot David H. YunT INTRODUCTION The dominant free speech paradigm's resistance to change is not the only obstacle that hate speech rule advocates confront: what we call pater- nalistic objections are deployed as well to discourage reform, ostensibly in minorities' best interest.1 These paternalistic arguments all urge that hate speech rules would harm their intended beneficiaries, and thus, if blacks and other minorities knew their own self-interest, they would oppose such rules. Often the objections take the form of arguing that there is no conflict between equality and liberty, since by protecting speech one is also protect- ing minorities.2 This Essay details and answers these arguments before suggesting potential avenues for reform in the near future. Copyright © 1994 California Law Review, Inc. t Charles Inglis Thomson Professor of Law, University of Colorado. J.D. 1974, University of California, Berkeley. * Member of the Colorado Bar. J.D. 1993, University of Colorado. 1. By paternalism, we mean a justification for curtailing someone's liberty that invokes the well- being of the person concerned, that is,that requires him or her to do or refrain from doing something for his or her own good. Could it be argued that the opposite position, namely advocacy of hate speech regulation, is also paternalistic, in that it implies that minorities need or want protection, when many may not? No. The impetus for such regulation comes mainly from minority attorneys and scholars. See, e.g., Charles R.
    [Show full text]
  • Doherty, Thomas, Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, Mccarthyism
    doherty_FM 8/21/03 3:20 PM Page i COLD WAR, COOL MEDIUM TELEVISION, McCARTHYISM, AND AMERICAN CULTURE doherty_FM 8/21/03 3:20 PM Page ii Film and Culture A series of Columbia University Press Edited by John Belton What Made Pistachio Nuts? Early Sound Comedy and the Vaudeville Aesthetic Henry Jenkins Showstoppers: Busby Berkeley and the Tradition of Spectacle Martin Rubin Projections of War: Hollywood, American Culture, and World War II Thomas Doherty Laughing Screaming: Modern Hollywood Horror and Comedy William Paul Laughing Hysterically: American Screen Comedy of the 1950s Ed Sikov Primitive Passions: Visuality, Sexuality, Ethnography, and Contemporary Chinese Cinema Rey Chow The Cinema of Max Ophuls: Magisterial Vision and the Figure of Woman Susan M. White Black Women as Cultural Readers Jacqueline Bobo Picturing Japaneseness: Monumental Style, National Identity, Japanese Film Darrell William Davis Attack of the Leading Ladies: Gender, Sexuality, and Spectatorship in Classic Horror Cinema Rhona J. Berenstein This Mad Masquerade: Stardom and Masculinity in the Jazz Age Gaylyn Studlar Sexual Politics and Narrative Film: Hollywood and Beyond Robin Wood The Sounds of Commerce: Marketing Popular Film Music Jeff Smith Orson Welles, Shakespeare, and Popular Culture Michael Anderegg Pre-Code Hollywood: Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema, ‒ Thomas Doherty Sound Technology and the American Cinema: Perception, Representation, Modernity James Lastra Melodrama and Modernity: Early Sensational Cinema and Its Contexts Ben Singer
    [Show full text]
  • Island Writing, Creole Cultures
    Island writing, Creole cultures myth of island isolation, foregrounding how accessibility by sea ensures that island spaces have experienced complex patterns of migration, diaspora, 'exisle' and settlement. In fact, the sea is a vital component of island identity and has 25 contributed to the formation of a complex maritime imagination in historical, Island writing, Creole cultures literary and cultural production. Moreover, far from being isolated, most islands are part of archipelagoes and have simultaneous national and regional alliances. ELIZABETH DELOUGHREY As a series of small nations (or colonial territories) connected by the sea, islands are often constituted by the activity of regional bodies of water such as tl1e Caribbean, Pacific and Indian Oceans, allowing for more fluid, transcultural and multilingual relationships than those associated with the terrestrial borders of Is it possible to speak of island literatures in global, comparative terms? Are the nation state. Writing about the Caribbean, Martiniquan writer Edouard geography and colonial history both so influential that we can say that they Glissant explains 'each island embodies openness. The dialectic between inside have produced an identifiable body of postcolonial island literatures? This and outside is reflected in the relationship ofland and sea. It is only those who chapter explores methodologies for comparing island writing by turning to are tied to the European continent who see insularity as confining.'2 Building contemporary literatUre in English from the Caribbean, Indian and Pacific upon Glissant and others, Chris Bongie has argued: archipelagoes, foregrounding the important contributions made by island the island is a figure that can and must be read in more than one way: on the one writers to postcolonial discourse and literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Cedars April 2020
    The April 2020 • VOLUME 17 • ISSUE 4 Cedars Post Art Lebo and Don Fang with their Income Tax Leading Age Public Service Awards Heroes! by Stan Friedland If the unpopular task of doing one’s tax returns can have any heroes, we have two of the best ones right here at The Cedars. Art Lebo and Don Fang fit the bill extremely well. Why are they heroes? Art has been doing free tax returns for moderate income people for the past 30 years! Don has been doing them for 20 years; 50 years between them, which is simply exemplary and extraordinary! Art is a Navy veteran, and holds degrees in Accounting and Business from Scheduling Note U-Minnesota, followed by an impressive career in finance and business. When he retired in 1990, he joined VITA (The Volunteer Tax Assistance program) in This edition of The Cedars his prior Chapel Hill community and brought it with him when he and Nancy Post was planned, designed moved here in 2004 as Founding Members. and printed before knowing Don, with a Civil Engineering degree from VMI, and one in AeroSpace the future of our programs Engineering from U-Virginia, had a successful 30 year career in the Military, and operations in light of the from 1962 to 1992. When he retired, he was trained by the AARP in tax Coronavirus (COVID-19). returns and then started his tax services for moderate income people in We have decided to print this Northern Virginia. He brought that service to The Cedars, when he moved here with his wife Karin, in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • This Study Is an Ethnographic Examination of the Rank and File Recreational Boxers—Mostly White and Middle-Class Males—Who F
    ABSTRACT SATTERLUND, TRAVIS DELMAR. Fighting for an Authentic Self: An Ethnographic Study of Recreational Boxers. (Under the direction of Michael L. Schwalbe.) This study is an ethnographic examination of the rank and file recreational boxers—mostly white and middle-class males—who frequented a gym in a mid-sized southeastern city in the United States. I conducted field research as a participant observer for nineteen months and also interviewed forty-eight fellow boxers and the gym’s two owner/trainers. This research shows that gym members used the cultural meanings associated with boxing as resources to construct boxing as an activity from which they could derive gendered identity rewards. At the same time, however, both gender and social class complicated matters considerably, creating dilemmas for the middle-class white recreational boxers, and for the women who claimed space in a masculinist domain. As such, I show how authenticity of the gym was socially constructed to meet these identity rewards and also to resolve these dilemmas. Gym members were attracted to boxing, at least in part, as an avenue to address feelings of what it means to enact manhood. Such displays of masculinity were important for these men because of the perceived limitation of their professional identities. While most of the men had secure middle class jobs, these jobs weren’t the primary basis for their feelings of self worth, especially in relation to their identity as “men.” In essence, then, the boxing gym offered a means for the men to compensate for their inability to signify power, control, and toughness in their professional lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Adebaran Vol.4 Issue 2
    Aldebaran Volume 4 | Issue 2 Article 1 5-28-2009 Adebaran vol.4 issue 2 Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.rwu.edu/aldebaran Recommended Citation (1975) "Adebaran vol.4 issue 2," Aldebaran: Vol. 4: Iss. 2, Article 1. Available at: http://docs.rwu.edu/aldebaran/vol4/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at DOCS@RWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Aldebaran by an authorized administrator of DOCS@RWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. et al.: Adebaran vol.4 issue 2 Published by DOCS@RWU, 1975 1 Aldebaran, Vol. 4, Iss. 2 [1975], Art. 1 http://docs.rwu.edu/aldebaran/vol4/iss2/1 2 et al.: Adebaran vol.4 issue 2 This may be the final issue of Aldebaran. The magazine is the direct offspring of Roger Williams College's Creative Writing Program. The College's administrators are planning to eliminate this rare and valuable program. If this transpires, Aldebaran would be but one of many casualties. The Editors ALDEBARAN VoL 4, No.2 Published by DOCS@RWU, 1975 3 Aldebaran, Vol. 4, Iss. 2 [1975], Art. 1 Address all correspondence to: Aldebaran Roger Williams College Bristol, Rhode Island 02809 Vol. 4, No.2 published May 1975 Printed by Charles G. Cowan Associates, Providence, R. I. by ALDEBARAN 1975 http://docs.rwu.edu/aldebaran/vol4/iss2/1 4 et al.: Adebaran vol.4 issue 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Kim Horton Ernie's Vision 1 VerKuilen Ager Subic Bay Navy Base 2 Lisa DuBois Star's Retreat 3 Portrait Kelli Wicke Davis 4 Roselyn L.
    [Show full text]
  • Transfigurations: Violence, Death and Masculinity in American Cinema Grønstad, Asbjørn
    www.ssoar.info Transfigurations: Violence, Death and Masculinity in American Cinema Grønstad, Asbjørn Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Monographie / monograph Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks) Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Grønstad, A. (2008). Transfigurations: Violence, Death and Masculinity in American Cinema. (Film Culture in Transition). Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ. Press. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-320563 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de FILM CULTURE IN TRANSITION VIOLENCE,VIOLENCE, DEATH,DEATH, ANDAND MASCULINITYMASCULINITY ININ AMERICANAMERICAN CINEMACINEMA TRANSTRANS-- FIGURATIONSFIGURATIONS ASBJØRN GRØNSTAD Amsterdam University Press Transfigurations Transfigurations Violence, Death and Masculinity in American Cinema Asbjørn Grønstad Front cover illustration: Still from the movie American Psycho (), starring Christian Bale Cover design: Kok Korpershoek, Amsterdam Lay-out: japes, Amsterdam isbn (paperback) isbn (hardcover) nur © Asbjørn Grønstad / Amsterdam University Press,
    [Show full text]
  • Take Me to Church
    Take Me to Church by Dimitri Reyes A Thesis submitted to the Graduate School-Newark Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing Rutgers University – Newark MFA Program Written under the direction of Rigoberto González And approved by Jayne Anne Phillips _________________________________________ _________________________________________ Newark, New Jersey May 2018 © 2018 Dimitri Reyes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Acknowledgements Thank you to the editors of the following publications, in which some of these poems, sometimes in different versions, first appeared: Acentos Review: “You Left the Neighborhood,” “On Development” Arcturus: “Baptism” (as “1993 Toyota Corolla SE”) Entropy: “Our Daily Becoming” Hawai’i Review: “Meat Clerk” (as “And I Say/ We Only Have Thin”) Kweli Journal: “Pegao” Verity LA: “Papi Pichón” Yes, Poetry: “For Armando” ii Thank you to the Geraldine R. Dodge Poetry Foundation, SLICE Literary Writer’s Conference, the Chicago Review of Books, and Split This Rock for scholarship and/ or acceptance and allowing me to thrive in these spaces through your recognition. Thank you to Desai Smita and Maria Mazzioti Gillan, as well as visiting poets Martín Espada, Richard Blanco, Major Jackson, Patricia Spears Jones, and reg e. gaines at the Passaic County Community College Poetry Center. The readings and poetry workshops have shaped many poems and concepts in this collection. Melissa, my long lost Puerto Rican sister, thank you for your guidance and knowledge. I appreciate every conversation, every suggestion, and every laugh. Big thanks to my MFA poetry family: Cheswayo, Antonio, Grey, Emma, Ariel, Tracy, Alegra, Susanna, Aiden, Diana, Nhu, Ricardo, Emily, and Emily.
    [Show full text]
  • Rodrigo's Fifth Chronicle: Civitas, Civil Wrongs, and the Politics of Denial
    Alabama Law Scholarly Commons Working Papers Faculty Scholarship 1-9-2016 Rodrigo's Fifth Chronicle: Civitas, Civil Wrongs, and the Politics of Denial Richard Delgado University of Alabama - School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.ua.edu/fac_working_papers Recommended Citation Richard Delgado, Rodrigo's Fifth Chronicle: Civitas, Civil Wrongs, and the Politics of Denial, (2016). Available at: https://scholarship.law.ua.edu/fac_working_papers/437 This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Alabama Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Working Papers by an authorized administrator of Alabama Law Scholarly Commons. Rodrigo's Fifth Chronicle: Civitas, Civil Wrongs, and the Politics of Denial Richard Delgado* I. RODRIGO AND I CATCH UP ON THE NEWS AND WHAT THE OTHER Is READING I was staring glumly out my office window, awaiting the arrival of my secretary with a large stack of bluebooks, when I heard a polite cough at my door. I looked up and saw Rodrigo's familiar face.1 "Professor?" "Rodrigo!" I exclaimed. "It's been a while. Come in. I've been thinking of you lately, and here you are. To what do I owe the pleasure of this visit?" Rodrigo, an African-American LL.M. student of international background, had begun graduate work at the well-known law school across town a few months before in preparation for a teaching career. He had turned to me for various kinds of advice in the past, and in return I had used him shamelessly as a foil for my own ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Daniel Shank
    AGENCY AND EMOTION IN INTERACTIONS WITH TECHNOLOGICAL REPRESENTATIVES OF ORGANIZATIONS by DANIEL BURTON SHANK (Under the Direction of Dawn T. Robinson) ABSTRACT Technology often displaces humans in organizations as a representative to customers. How does the use of computer technology instead of humans to represent an organization change customers’ feelings and behavior toward that organization? Drawing on attribution theory and the affect theory of social exchange, I argue that the customers’ perception of agency of the computer or human representative is the primary mechanism through which customers respond differently. I theorize that agency not only mediates the computer-to-emotion and computer-to-patronage relations but also alters whether the organization or its representative is the primary target of the emotions and patronage. My central argument is that less agentic representatives, such as computers, focus more emotion and future patronage on the organization; whereas more agentic representatives, such as humans, focus more emotion and future patronage on themselves. I conducted a laboratory experiment (N=231) with ostensibly real internet-based business interactions. Its factors included representatives’ human or computer identity, representatives’ behavior, and representatives’ constraint, based on organizational information, as an agency manipulation. The first results indicate that representatives’ behavior affect both emotions and patronage as predicted by the affect theory of social exchange. Further, computer representatives alter these processes on patronage and some emotions. Second, organizational constraint alone affected customers’ perception of representatives’ agency, yet it also interacted with computer identity to affect perceived agency. A final set of results signify that both representatives’ computer identity and perceived agency affected customers’ focus of emotions and patronage preference, but in opposite directions.
    [Show full text]