STATUS OF COAL MINING IN By JHARKHAND STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD AIR QUALITY STATUS:

• Ranchi, Kusunda, and Bastacola are the places which are severely polluted with PM10 levels being above 200 µg/ m3 all year long

• The major causes of air pollution in area near Jharia including Bastacola, Dhansar, Ena, CIMFR are coal mining, mine fires, vehicular pollution, windblown dust through unpaved roads and over burdens in the area. CURRENT SCENARIO : DHANBAD • The large number of coking/briquetting units, which emit particulate matter and gaseous pollutants, is another major source of pollution.

• About 30 % of the total volume of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Jharia coalfields was because of vehicular movement on bad roads.

• SO2, NOx and Particulate Matter are the most important emissions during coal mining. ISSUES RELATED WITH

COAL MINING INDUSTRIES, JHARKHAND AIR QUALITY STANDARDS • Air Quality Standard For New Mines

Time weighted Concentration in Ambient Category Pollutant Method of Measurement average Air Suspended Annual High Volume Sampling 360 μg/m3 Particulate Matter Average */ (Average flow rate not less 500 μg/m3 (SPM) 24 hours ** than 1.1 m3/min) Respirable Annual Particulate Matter 180 μg/m3 Respirable Particulate Matter New Coal Mines (Coal Average * (size less than 10 250 μg/m3 sampling and analysis Mines commenced 24 hours ** operation after the μm) (RPM) Annual Improved west and Gaeke date of publication of 80 μg/m3 Sulphur Dioxide Average * 24 method / - Ultraviolet this notification) 120 μg/m3 hours ** fluorescene Annual Jacob & Hochheiser Modified 80 μg/m3 Oxide of Nitrogen Average * 24 (Na-Arsenic) Method/ Gas 120 μg/m3 hours ** phase Chemiluminescence Environment (Protection) Rules Amendment Rules, 2000 notified vide notification G.S.R. 742(E), dated 25.9.2000. AIR QUALITY STANDARDS • Air Quality Standard for Existing Mines Time weighted Concentration in Ambient Category Pollutant Method of Measurement average Air Existing coal Suspended Annual 430 μg/m3 High Volume Sampling fields/mines given Particulate Matter Average */ 24 600 μg/m3 (Average flow rate not less below: (SPM) hours ** than 1.1 m3/min) Karanpura, Ramgarh, Respirable 215 μg/m3 Annual Giridih, Rajhara, Particulate Matter 300 μg/m3 Respirable Particulate Matter Average * Wardha, Nagpur, (size less than 10 sampling and analysis 24 hours ** Silewara, Pench μm) (RPM) Kanhan, Patharkhera, Annual Improved west and Gaeke 80 μg/m3 120 μg/m3 Umrer, Korba, Sulphur Dioxide Average * 24 method / - Ultraviolet Chirimiri, Central hours ** fluorescene Coalfields, (including Baikunthpur, Bisrampur), Singrauli, Annual Jacob & Hochheiser Modified 80 μg/m3 Ib Valley, Talcher, Oxide of Nitrogen Average * 24 (Na-Arsenic) Method/ Gas 120 μg/m3 Godavary Valley and hours ** phase Chemiluminescence any other AIR QUALITY STANDARDS • Air Quality Standard For mines located in Jharia, Raniganj & Bokaro Time weighted Concentration in Ambient Category Pollutant Method of Measurement average Air Suspended Annual 500 μg/m3 High Volume Sampling Particulate Matter Average * 700 μg/m3 (Average flow rate not less (SPM) 24 hours ** than 1.1 m3/min) Respirable Coal mines located in Annual 250 μg/m3 Particulate Matter Respirable Particulate Matter the coal fields of Average * 300 μg/m3 (size less than 10 sampling and analysis • Jharia 24 hours ** μm) (RPM) • Raniganj Annual 80 μg/m3 Improved west and Gaeke • Bokaro Sulphur Dioxide Average * 120 μg/m3 method / - Ultraviolet 24 hours ** fluorescene Annual Jacob & Hochheiser Modified 80 μg/m3 Oxide of Nitrogen Average * (Na-Arsenic) Method/ Gas 120 μg/m3 24 hours ** phase Chemiluminescence Environment (Protection) Rules Amendment Rules, 2000 notified vide notification G.S.R. 742(E), dated 25.9.2000. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES • Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS) shall be installed in core zone of each colliery along with the display board at various locations with a connectivity to the JSPCB and CPCB portal to improve the visibility and transparency among the public.

• The occupier shall install PM10 Analyzer within two months. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES • Water Sprinkling arrangements & its functioning/ periodicity of water sprinkling & details of its location is to be provided.

• Dust Barriers to be provided around the source of dust generation

• Provision for mobile/fixed water sprinkle system to check fugitive emissions from crushing operations, conveyor system, haulage roads, transfer points, etc. and water spray by tankers on temporary road. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES - RAILWAY SIDINGS • Construct a permanent boundary/wind breaking wall of sufficient height according to Coal Heap.

• The occupier shall install online PM10 Analyzer within two months.

• Railway siding to have silos at respective loading points. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES - RAILWAY SIDINGS

• Water sprinkling through fixed water sprinklers/trucks having facility of pressure pump and fogging system at loading-unloading site and on the transportation road.

• Cover all the minerals with tarpaulin when not in use. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES - COAL WASHERIES • Crushers/pulverisers of the coal washeries shall be provided with enclosures, fitted with suitable air pollution control measures and finally emitted through a stack or provided with adequate water sprinkling arrangement.

• Water sprinkling by using fine atomizer nozzles arrangement shall be provided on the coal heaps arid on around the crushers/pulverisers. TRANSPORTATION OF COAL

• During Phase – I: The road transportation of coal shall be carried out by mechanically covered trucks. Coal transportation would be mainly by rail cum conveyor mode.

• In Phase – II: Coal transportation would be mainly by rail cum conveyor mode.

• The road used for coal transportation should be developed with avenue plantation on both sides which will act as sink of carbon and other pollutant. TRANSPORTATION OF COAL

• Vehicular emissions shall be kept under control and regularly monitored.

• Provision of water spray on the dumpers to arrest fine dust before it is transported.

• The tyres of dumpers shall be wetted to prevent fugitive emission while the movement of vehicles. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

• Mine discharge water shall be treated to meet prescribed standards before discharge into natural water courses/agriculture.

• Additional water required, if any, shall be met from mine water or by recycling/reuse of the water from the existing activities and from rainwater harvesting measures WATER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES • ETP shall also be provided for workshop. Oil and grease trap shall be installed before discharge of workshop effluents.

• Shall maintain & operate ETP regularly and ensure Zero Liquid Discharge at all the Coal Washeries.

• Occupier shall construct Rainwater Harvesting cum Ground Water Recharge System. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES • Catch drains and siltation ponds of appropriate size should be constructed to arrest silt and sediment flows from soil, OB and mineral dumps.

• Garland drain shall be provided around the OB dump sites & sidings and the drain water not be discharged in to nearby water bodies, prior to treatment.

• Artificial groundwater recharge measures for augmentation of groundwater resources. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES – COAL WASHERIES • Water consumption in the coal washery shall not exceed 1.5 cubic meter per tonne of coal.

• Efficiency of the settling ponds of the waste water treatment system of the coal washery shall not be less than 90 per cent.

• To dump reject coal and tailings at least 100 mtr. away from river/water body etc. PLANTATION

• Thick green belt shall be developed along undisturbed areas, mine boundary and in mine reclamation.

• High root density tree species shall be selected and planted over areas likely to be affected by subsidence.

• Three tire plantation all along the boundary wall and other available space at Railway Sidings OB DUMP & BACKFILLING

• Reclamation of mined out areas will be done as per the land-end-use plan and as stipulated in approved Environmental Management Plan and Mine Closure Plan.

• OB dump slopes are suitably terraced & graded for plantation. OB DUMP & BACKFILLING

• The abandoned pits and voids should be backfilled with OB and biologically reclaimed with plantation and or may be used for pisciculture

• CIL shall monitor the reclamation work by preparation of Comprehensive Land Use maps of all Coalfields and opencast mines and every 3 years updated pictures of afforestation, excavation area, backfilling, abandoned quarries, dump and shall be placed on public domain. ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE CONDITIONS • No change in mining technology and scope of working shall be made without prior approval of the Ministry of Environment, Forests. & Climate Change.

• No change in the calendar plan of production for quantum of mineral coal shall be made.

• The funds earmarked for environmental protection measures shall be kept in separate account and shall not be diverted for other purpose. Year-wise expenditure shall be reported to this Ministry and its Regional Offices ENVIRONMENT STUDIES

• The Action Plan has also been prepared for Ecological Restoration OB dumps and voids.

• A study should be initiated to analyze extent of reduction in pollution load every year by reducing road transport. Source Apportionment Study should be got carried out for the entire Coalfields areas of Jharkhand. ACTION PROPOSED BY JSPCB

• Timely submission of complete EMP compliance report & CTO compliance report.

• JSPCB is liable to penalize the respective mines, railway sidings & coal washeries on non-compliance of the proposed action plan under Polluter Pays Principle.

• JSPCB has planned to set up call center for redressal of grievances related within State of Jharkhand. ACTION PROPOSED BY JSPCB

• Railway Sidings has to obtain CTE/CTO form JSPCB.

• Online Lab Portal shall be started by 01.08.2019 and all the reports will be submitted online and displayed in the public domain of JSPCB website.

• Adequate illumination shall be provided around haul roads, railway sidings, washeries, workshops and access to provide a safe work environment. THANK YOU