6 X 10.Long New.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76486-5 - Counter Realignment: Political Change in the Northeastern United States Howard L. Reiter and Jeffrey M. Stonecash Index More information

Index

abortion, 121, 126–29 Brown, Pat, 104 Abramowitz, Alan I., 114, 133 Brown, Scott, 177 Abramson, Jill, 171 Brownstein, Ronald, 30 Agnew, Spiro, 88 Bryan, William Jennings, 33 Aiken, George D., 53 Buckley Jr., William F., 66 Aistrup, Joseph, 1 Burner, David, 26, 37–38 Aldrich, John, 175 Burnham, Walter Dean, 18, 25, 34 Alterman, Eric, 170 Burns, James MacGregor, 124 Amenta, Edwin, 39 Bush, George H.W., 105–06 Andersen, Kristi, 6, 27, 36, 38, 40, Bush, George W., 175 44, 59 Atwater, Lee, 170 Calmes, Jackie, 176 Campbell, Angus, 6 Badger, Anthony J., 39 Carmines, Edward G., 6, 29, 79, 90 Baer, Kenneth S., 122 Carsey, Thomas M., 122 Bai, Matt, 125 Carter, Dan, 30 Balz, Daniel J., 30 Carter, Jimmy, 106 Bartels, Larry M., 136 Catholics, 37 Best, Gary Dean, 45 Chafee, John, 151 Berlet, Chip, 66 change Bishop, Bill, 137 nature of, 23–25, 167–69 Bjerre-Poulsen, Niels, 29 predicting, 170 Black, Earl, 2, 7, 17, 96 process, 5 Black, Merle, 2, 7, 17, 96 Chase, Clifford P., 53 Borick, Chris, 117, 128, 134 Cillizza, Chris, 177 Bozell, L. Brent, 70 Cleveland, Grover, 33 Brady, David W., 179 Clinton, William J., 123, 171–72 Branch, Taylor, 78 Cloward, Richard A., 28 Brewer, Mark D., 2, 4, 16, 70, 92, 96, Club for Growth, 176 104, 121–22, 126–27, 129, 141, 147, Coakley, Martha, 177 178 Cohen, Lizabeth, 19, 36, 40, 59 Broder, David S., 86, 103 Cohen, Marty, 15, 61, 177 Brooke, Edward W., 53, 151 Conscience of a Conservative, 74 Brooks, David, 132 Conservative Party, New York, 176

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76486-5 - Counter Realignment: Political Change in the Northeastern United States Howard L. Reiter and Jeffrey M. Stonecash Index More information

182 index

“Contract with America, The”, 173 2010 Postscript on results, xx Converse, Philip E., 6 see also gubernatorial elections; Cook, Charlie, 132 House elections; Presidential Cooper, Michael, 176 elections; Senate elections; state Cosman, Bernard, 83 legislative elections Critchlow, Donald T., 29, 66, 113 Electoral College, 19, 85 critical realignment, 18 Electoral losses Crotty, William, 103 anticipating, 169 Evans, M. Stanton, 85 Dao, James, 171 Dean, Howard, 125 Fairlie, Henry, 49 decades Feingold, Kenneth, 17 1960s, 27 Feinstein, Brian D., 76–77, 79 early 1900s and Democrats, 26 Feldmann, Linda, 170 Degler, Carl N., 26, 37–38, 41, 58, 77 Fenton, John H., 75 Democrats Fifth Avenue Compact, 69 1928 election, 27 Fiorina, Morris P., 6, 17, 117 and social toleration, 124 Fitzgerald, John Francis, 3 early 1900s, 26 Ford, Gerald, 105 party identification in Northeast, Frank, Thomas, 136 142–46 Friedman, Milton, 65 “Reagan Democrats”, 123 Frum, David, 2 reliance on the South early 1900s, 40 Frymer, Paul, 23, 138 strategy in 1980s–1990s, Fundamentalists, 120 122–26 strategy in North concerning blacks Gardner, Michael, 76 and civil rights, 75–79 Garson, Robert A., 149 success in Northeast urban areas, 83 Gelbman, Shamira M., 79 urban gains 1930s, 40–42 Gender issues urban support 1900–24, 37 party voting in Congress, by region, urban voters, 28 156 Democratic Leadership Council, 122 Gerring, John, 26, 51, 137 Dewey, Thomas E., 53, 64 Gienapp, William E., 137 Dionne, E. J., 120 Gingrich, Newt, 121, 171, 173 Dukakis, Michael, 106, 132 Goldwater, Barry, 17, 29, 70–74, 79, 89, Dunn, Marika, 178 104, 133 and civil rights, 79 Edsall, Mary D., 2, 84 as image of Republican Party, Edsall, Thomas B., 2, 84 74–75 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 53 Goodman, Peter S., 179 electoral success in South, 64 Gordon, Rita Werner, 44 Eldersveld, Samuel J., 26, 41, 58 Gore, Al, 123 Elections Great Depression, 32, 38 1928 and Democrats, 27 Green, Donald, 6 1932 interpretation, 42–43 Green, Joshua, 2 1964 interpretation, 81–82 Gubernatorial elections 1964 Ripon society reaction, 82 results over time, 10–11 2006 Republican interpretation, 175 Hale, Jon F., 122 2008 Republican interpretation, 175 Hamilton, Alexander, 148

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hard money, 34 Judis, John B., 178 Hayek, Friedrich, 65 Junn, Jane, 178 Haynie, Kerry L., 178 health insurance, 177 Karol, David, 6, 15, 61, 112, 120, 127, Hernandez, Raymond, 176 141, 177 Hetherington, Marc J., 66, 113, 120, 147 Kazin, Michael, 132 Hillygus, D. Sunshine, 1, 22, 121, 169 Kean, Thomas H., 170 Himmelstein, Jerome, 66 Keith, Bruce E., 143 Holman, C. B., 124 Kennedy, Edward, 177 Hoover, Herbert, 35, 38, 44–45 Kennedy, John F., 70, 77 Hopkins, David A., 5, 9 Kessler, Daniel P., 179 Horowitz, Juliana Menasce, 122 Key Jr., V.O., 2, 6, 15, 17–18 Horton, Willie, 170 Keysar, Ariela, 120 House elections Kilpatrick, James J., 7 Republican gains 1966, 84 King Jr., Martin Luther, 78 Republican gains by region 1964–72, Kirk, Russell, 53, 65 99–100 Klinkner, Philip, 28–29, 61, 67, 69–70, Republican results in Northeast 73 1948–82, 98 Knapp, Daniel, 77 Republican success by region Kneeland, Douglas E., 106 1900–88, 108 Kosmin, Barry A., 120 Republican success by region 1900–2008, 173 Ladd, Everett Carll, 135 results over time, 8–9 Larson, Carin, 170 results 1900–26, 34–35 Lassiter, Matthew D., Huckabee, Mike, 180 86, 104, 111 Hulse, Carl, 132, 176 –77 Lawrence, W.H., 67 Humphrey, Hubert H., 89 Layman, Geoffry, 1, 122 Hunter, James D., 119 Lemann, Nicholas, 77, 110 Hurricane Katrina, 175 Leuchtenburg, William E., 78 Lewis, Anthony, 83 ideology Lieberman, Joe, 123 and party identification, Liscio, Rebekah E., 4 117–18 Little Rock, Arkansas, 67 by region 1972–2008, 113–17 Lowndes, Joseph, 68 immigrants, 26, 32, 37, 178 Lubell, Samuel, 26, 58 individualism, 104 Lublin, David, 2, 83 industrialism, 34 Lyons, Matthew Sl., 66 intra-party disagreements, 170 Iraq War, 175 Mackenzie, G. Calvin, 77 Madison, James, 148 Jackson, Jesse, 125 Magleby, David B., 143 Jacobson, Gary C., 139, 171 Main Street Partnership, 172 James, Scott C., 21, 51 manufacturing job decline Jarding, Steve, 123 by region 1950–2004, 111–12 Javits, Jacob K., 53, 74–75, 151 Maraniss, David, 171, 173 Jay, John, 148 Mariani, Mack, 126, 147 John Birch Society, 66 Mayhew, David R., 25, 34, Johnson, Lyndon B., 1, 78, 81 103, 140 Jones, Jeffrey M., 175 McClellan, James, 53

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McGirr, Lisa, 66, 74, 104, Republican erosion of support within, 111, 119 140–44 McGovern, George, 89 Republican future in, 177–80 McKinley, William, 3, 33 Republican House election results McMahon, Kevin J., 149 1948–1982, 98 Mellow, Nicole, 112–13 Republican reassessment of prospects Meyer, Frank S., 71–73 in, 55–60 Micklethwait, John, 29, 66 Republican situation in, 1894–2008, 3 Mileur, Jerome M., 124, 141 Republican strategy and losses in, 126 Miller, Warren E., 6 Novak, Robert D., 170 Milkis, Sidney M., 1, 28, 78 minority party strategy, 1 Obama, Barack, 125 Miroff, Bruce, 125 Olson, Laura A., 179 Morris, John D., 83 O’Neill, Thomas “Tip,” 157 Muller, Jerry Z., 66 Operation Dixie, 68–69 Munger, Frank, 6 Orr, Elizabeth, 143 Myrdal, Gunnar, 149 Palin, Sarah, 176, 180 Nagourney, Adam, 177 Palmquist, Bradley, 6 Nash, George H., 66 party National Recovery Administration, 43 definition, 15 National Review, 66, 70, 83, 169 disagreements within, 170 Nelson, Candice J., 143 issue differences in Congress, 148–51 New Deal, 33 losses, 2 and the Northeast, 42 national conventions, Republican response, 44–49 163–68 Republican accommodation 1938– positions on trade policy, 1940s, 50 112–13 Newport, Frank, 179–180 strategy, 17 Nixon, Richard, 29, 67, 69, 84, 88, 101 tensions, 16 Noel, Hans, 15, 61, 177 uncertainty, 17 nonwhites, 178 wings, 16 north party identification, 6 Democratic strategy concerning and ideology, 117–18 blacks and civil rights, 75–79 by age, in the Northeast 2000s, 145 urban areas, 27 changes in Northeast, 93–95 Northeast Democratic, in the Northeast, 142–46 and the New Deal, 42 over time, 12–13 Democratic party identification in, Republican, by region, 109–10 142–46 party image Democratic success in urban areas, 83 change and tensions, 22 difference on civil rights 1964, 96–97 Goldwater as representative of party identification, by age, 2000s, Republican Party, 74–75 145 voter reaction to change in, 17–19 party identification, changes in, party voting 93–95 and national conventions, 163–68 population decline, 110–111 on gender issues in Congress, by Republican concern for losing, 72 region, 156 Republicans, declining importance on racial issues in Congress, by of, 60–62 region, 153–55, 160

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on role of government in Congress, party voting in Congress on gender by region, issues, 156 151, 159 party voting in Congress on racial Patterson, James T., 50 issues, 153–55, 160 Paulson, Arthur C., 18 party voting in Congress on role of Pawlenty, Tim, 180 government, 151, 159 Pearson, Kathryn, 76–77, 79 Republican electoral chances Penn, Mark, 133 1960–72, 89–93 Perlstein, Richard, 29, 69, 73, 79–81, Republican gains in House elections 84–86 1964–72, 99–100 Peters, Jeremy W., 176 Republican party identification, Philadelphia, Mississippi 109–10 Regan general election campaign, Republican success in House elections 106 1900–88, 108 Phillips, Kevin P., 19, 60, 87–88 Republican success in House elections Southern strategy, 87 1900–2008, 173 Pinchot, Gifford, 48 Reiter, Howard L., 82, 87, 164 Piven, Frances Fox, 28 Republicans Plotke, David, 19, 37, 59 accommodation to New Deal Polk, Kenneth, 77 1938–40s, 50 Poole, Keith T., 45, 149 and Electoral College 1960s, 85–86 Postscript on 2010 elections, and “hunting where the ducks are,” xx 83 Presidential candidates and social conservatives, 30, 118–21 as leaders of change, 7 changes to party base change, 19–21 1950s-70s, 103 Presidential elections changes to party base electoral college, 19 1948–88, 107 results over time, 7–8 concern for losing Northeast, prohibition, 37 72 protective tariff, 34 conservative frustrations, 29 conservative-moderate disputes, racial issues 66–74 party voting in Congress, by region, conservative rise 1950s–60s, 153–55, 160 62–73 Rae, Nicol, 28, 61, 64, 67, 69, 73, 75, declining importance of Northeast, 103, 105 60–62 Reagan, Ronald, 84, 86, 104, 121 dominance 1900–1930, 25–27 campaign in Philadelphia, Mississippi, electoral chances by region 1960–72, 106 89–93 “Reagan democrats,” 123 erosion of support within Northeast realignment states, 140–44 critical, 18 future in the Northeast, 177–80 secular, 19 House election results in Northeast regional analysis 1948–82, 98 reasons for, 4 House electoral success by region regional analysis trends 1900–88, 108 ideology 1972–2008, 113–17 House electoral success by region manufacturing job decline 1950– 1900–2008, 173 2004, 111–12 House gains 1966, 84

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Republicans (cont.) Sanbonmatsu, Kira, 127 House gains by region Sanders, Arthur, 124 1964–72, 99–100 Sanders, Elizabeth, 36 House leadership in 1990s, 30 Saunders, Dave “Mudcat,” 123 interpretation of 2006 and 2008 Saunders, Kyle L., 114 elections, 175 Schaller, Thomas F., 124–25 leadership positions in Congress, Schattschneider, E.E., 15, 125 157–58 Schickler, Eric, 6, 76–77, 79 moderates, 171–72, 174 Schlesinger, Arthur, 39, 44 moderation 1930s–60, 63 Schneier, Edward V., 27 party identification by region, 109–10 Scott, Hugh, populism, 132 53, 151 prospects in the South, 68 Scranton, William W., 53 reassessment of prospects in secular realignment, 19 Northeast, 55–60 Senate elections reliance on conservatives, 179–80 results over time, 8–9 response to New Deal, 44–49 Shays, Christopher H., 3 situation in the Northeast 1894–2008, Shields, Todd G., 1, 22, 121, 169 3 Silina, Everita, 25, 34 strategy and abortion, 126–29 Sinclair, Barbara, 175 strategy and affluent protestants, Sitkoff, Harvard, 68 137–39 Skocpol, Theda, 17 strategy and education, Slopnick, Thomas M., 44–45, 48 132–37 Smith, Al, 27, 37–38 strategy and Northeast losses, 126 Smith, Margaret Chase, 53 strategy and religion, 129–37 Smith, Mark A., 179 Republicans for Choice, 171 social change Republican in Name Only (RINO), 174 in the Northeast, 35–38 Republican National Committee, 68, 83 social conservatives, 30 Operation Dixie, 68 Republican pursuit of, 118–21 Rhodes, Jesse H., 79 South Ripon Society, 82, 86 Democratic reliance on, early 1900s, reaction to 1964 election, 82 40 Rockefeller, Nelson, 29, 53, 67, 69, 73, Eisenhower success in, 64 89 Republican prospects in, 68 Rodriquez, Gregory, 132 Speel, Robert W., 4 Rohde, David, 175 state legislative elections role of government results over time, 11 party voting in Congress, by region, state’s rights, 106 151, 159 Stimson, James A., 6, 29, 79, 90 Rom, Mark, 110 Stokes, Donald E., 6 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 33, 38, Stonecash, Jeffrey M., 2, 4, 17, 21, 25, 51–52 34, 40, 56, 70, 85, 92–93, 96, 102, efforts to maintain urban support, 104, 117, 119, 121, 122, 126–27, 129, 43, 46 135, 141, 147, 178 Roosevelt, Theodore, 34 Sundquist, James L., 5–6, 19, 34, 39, 60 Rosenthal, Howard, 45, 149 Rossiter, Clinton, 137 Taft, Robert A., 53, 64 Rusher, William, 29, 66, 70–72, 83 Taft, William Howard, 34 Rusk, Jerrold G., 64 Tea Party, 179

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Teixeira, Ruy, 133, 178 Wallace, George, 30, 86, 89 Thurmond, Strom, 68, 76 Ware, Alan, 17, 25, 38, 44, 76–77 Toner, Robin, 171 Watergate, 102 trade policy Weatherford, M. Stephen, 44 party positions, 112–13 Weaver, Warren, 75, 87 Trilling, Richard J., 16 “wedge issues,” 1 Truman, Harry S., 76 Weed, Clyde P., 44, 46–48, 50 and civil rights, 76 Weicker, Lowell P., 53 Tuesday Group, 171 Weiler, Jonathan, 66, 113 Tugwell, R. G., 52 Weisbrot, Robert, 77 Turner, Julius, 27 Weisskopf, Michael, 171, 173 Welch, Robert, 66 urban areas Wells, John A., 53 Democratic gains in, 1930s, 40–42 Westlye, Mark C., 143 Democratic success in Northeastern, Wetstein, Matthew E., 133 83 White, John K., 77 Democratic support in, Whitman, Christine Todd, 170 1900–1924, 37 Wilcox, Clyde, 170 Democratic voters in, 28 Willkie, Wendell L., 53, 64 Roosevelt and efforts to maintain Wilson, Woodrow, 34 support in, 43, 46 Wolfe, Alan, 119 urban riots 1964–66, 84 Wooldridge, Adrian, 29, 66

Viorst, Milton, 137 Young Americans for Freedom, 66 voter reaction to changing party image, Zaller, John, 15, 61, 177 17–19