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Redalyc.Flora En Playas Y Dunas Costeras De México Acta Botánica Mexicana ISSN: 0187-7151 [email protected] Instituto de Ecología, A.C. México Espejel, Ileana; Jiménez-Orocio, Oscar; Castillo-Campos, Gonzalo; Garcillán, Pedro P.; Álvarez, Lucero; Castillo-Argüero, Silvia; Durán, Rafael; Ferrer, Merari; Infante-Mata, Dulce; Iriarte, Silvia; León de la Luz, José Luis; López-Rosas, Hugo; Medel Narváez, Alfonso; Monroy, Roberto; Moreno-Casasola, Patricia; Rebman, Jon P.; Rodríguez- Revelo, Natalia; Sánchez-Escalante, Jesús; Vanderplank, Sula Flora en playas y dunas costeras de México Acta Botánica Mexicana, núm. 121, octubre, 2017, pp. 39-81 Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Pátzcuaro, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57453196002 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto 121: 39-81 Octubre 2017 Artículo de investigación Flora en playas y dunas costeras de México Flora on beaches and coastal sand dunes of Mexico Ileana Espejel1,11 , Oscar Jiménez-Orocio1 , Gonzalo Castillo-Campos2 , Pedro P. Garcillán3 , Lucero Álvarez1 , Silvia Castillo-Argüero4 , Rafael Durán5 , Merari Ferrer5 , Dulce Infante-Mata6 , Silvia Iriarte4 , José Luis León de la Luz3 , Hugo López-Rosas7, 7a , Alfonso Medel Narváez3 , Roberto Monroy3 , Patricia Moreno-Casasola2 , Jon P. Rebman8 , Natalia Rodríguez-Revelo1 , Jesús Sánchez-Escalante9 , Sula Vanderplank10 1 Universidad Autónoma de Baja Califor- nia, Facultad de Ciencias, Apdo. postal RESUMEN: 1880, Ensenada, B. C., México. Antecedentes y Objetivos: Se presenta el primer listado florístico de las playas y dunas costeras de Méxi- 2 Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera anti- gua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070 Xa- co, actualizado y respaldado por ejemplares de herbario. lapa, Veracruz, México. Métodos: Se revisaron 14 herbarios nacionales y extranjeros. Se sobrepuso una retícula de 2 × 2 km al 3 Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del mapa de la costa y de las dunas costeras de México para referir todos los registros que corresponden a Noroeste, Avenida Instituto Politécnico 2180 sitios con 12,419 ejemplares de plantas. Se calcularon índices de diversidad, similitud, diversidad Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México. taxonómica y redundancia. 4 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Resultados clave: La flora registrada consta de 153 familias, 897 géneros y 2075 especies de plantas México, Facultad de Ciencias, Avenida vasculares, las cuales representan 9.5% de la flora vascular de México. Las cinco colecciones con ín- 3000, Circuito Exterior s/n, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 dices de redundancia altos IR≥0.7 son los herbarios de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cd. Mx., México. (MEXU, IR=0.9), del Centro de Investigación Científicas de Yucatán (CICY, IR=0.8), y los del Centro 5 Centro de Investigaciones de Yucatán, calle de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (HCIB), el Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (XAL) y el del Museo 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, de Historia Natural de San Diego (SD), cada uno con un IR de 0.7. Se reconocen cinco regiones florísti- 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México. 6 El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Departa- cas que corresponden a los mares de México. El Pacífico Norte tiene mayor diversidad taxonómica y el mento de Manejo Sustentable de Cuen- Pacífico Sur menor diversidad taxonómica. El Golfo de California, Golfo de México y Mar Caribe tienen cas y Zonas Costeras, Carretera antiguo diversidades taxonómicas similares. Las especies con más registros son Trianthema portulacastrum (165), aeropuerto km 2.5, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas, México. Croton punctatus (107), Echites umbelllatus (106) e Ipomoea pes-caprae (90). Por el carácter de ecotono 7 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mé- de las dunas costeras, la mayoría de las especies se comparten con los tipos de vegetación vecinos (selvas, xico, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Lim- matorrales, y humedales como las marismas y manglares). nología, Estación El Carmen, México. 7a Dirección actual: Centro del Cambio Glo- Conclusiones: Esta primera lista de la flora en playas y dunas de México es la base para múltiples estudios bal y la Sustentabilidad en el Sureste. florísticos regionales y locales, biogeográficos, y ecológicos; además, que será importante para su uso en Calle Centenario del Instituto Juárez s/n, temas de impacto ambiental y manejo costero. Colonia Reforma, 86080 Villahermosa, Palabras clave: análisis florísticos nacionales, ecosistemas costeros, ecotono, plantas vasculares, vege- Tabasco, México. 8 San Diego Natural History Museum, tación costera. 1788 El Prado, 92101 San Diego, CA, Es- tados Unidos de América. 9 Universidad de Sonora, Luis Donaldo ABSTraCT: Colosio s/n, entre Sahuaripa y Reforma, Background and Aims: The first updated floristic checklist, supported with herbarium specimens, is pre- colonia centro, 83000 Hermosillo, So- nora, México. sented for beaches and coastal sand dunes of Mexico. 10 Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Methods: The analysis is based on the revision of 14 national and foreign herbaria. A 2 × 2 km grid was 1700 University Drive, 76107 Fort Worth, placed over a map of the coastal sand dunes of Mexico to reference the herbarium records, corresponding TX, Estados Unidos de América. 11 Autor para la correspondencia: to the 2180 sites and 12,419 examples of plants documented. Indices of diversity, similarity, taxonomic [email protected] diversity, and redundancy were calculated. Key results: The flora of the beaches and coastal sand dunes of Mexico consists of 153 families, 897 genera, and Citar como: 2075 species of vascular plants. These represent 9.5% of the vascular flora of Mexico. The herbaria with high Espejel, I., O. Jiménez-Orocio, G. Casti- llo-Campos, P. P. Garcillán, L. Álvarez, S. indices of redundancy (IR≥0.7) are the herbarium of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IR=0.9), Castillo-Argüero, R. Durán, M. Ferrer, D. the Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY, IR=0.8), the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Infante-Mata, S. Iriarte, J. L. León de la Luz, Noroeste (HCIB), the Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (XAL) and the Natural Museum in San Diego (SD), each with H. López-Rosas, A. Medel Narváez, R. Mon- roy, P. Moreno-Casasola, J. P. Rebman, N. an IR of 0.7. Five floristic regions are clearly recognized, which correspond to the seas of Mexico. The North Rodríguez-Revelo, J. Sánchez-Escalante Pacific has the highest taxonomic diversity and the South Pacific has the least. The Gulf of California, Gulf of y S. Vanderplank. 2017. Flora en playas y Mexico and the Caribbean Sea have very similar taxonomic diversity. The species with the most recorded occu- dunas costeras de México. Acta Botani- rrences are Trianthema portulacastrum (165), Croton punctatus (107), Echites umbellatus (106) and Ipomoea ca Mexicana 121: 39-81. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.21829/abm121.2017.1290 pes-caprae (90). Considering the ecotonal nature of the ecosystem, most dune plants are shared with neighbo- ring vegetation (forests, scrubs, wetlands, such as marshes or mangrove swamps). Recibido: 4 de enero de 2016. Conclusions: This first checklist of the flora of beaches and coastal dunes is the baseline for multiple future Revisado: 19 de enero de 2017. Aceptado: 26 de mayo de 2017. studies: floristic, biogeographic, and ecological. Moreover, this list will be important if used in environ- mental assessments and coastal zone plans. DOI: Key words: coastal ecosystems, coastal vegetation, ecotone, national floristic analyses, vascular plants. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm121.2017.1290 39 Espejel et al.: Flora en playas y dunas costeras de México INTRODUCCIÓN condiciones adecuadas, se establecen en suelos arenosos Los ecosistemas arenosos costeros constan básicamente como en el lago de Nicaragua. Por esta razón, es más pre- de geoformas conocidas como dunas costeras, médanos, ciso referirse a la vegetación en dunas costeras y no a la arenales o depósitos eólicos de arena, ligados a las playas vegetación de dunas costeras. (Goldsmith, 1989). Las playas y dunas son estructuras Aunque se ha documentado que las dunas coste- geomorfológicas con o sin vegetación que han motivado ras prestan 23 servicios ambientales de los cuatro tipos la investigación botánica y de ecología vegetal, porque (provisión, regulación, culturales y de soporte) (Everard son un ejemplo perfecto para ilustrar adaptaciones de las et al., 2010), es posible que sean los sistemas con mayor plantas al gradiente del ambiente marino-terrestre (Galle- presión antrópica en México (Martínez et al., 2014). Esto go-Fernández y Martínez, 2011). En las playas y dunas es se debe a que las playas y dunas costeras son ecosistemas posible estudiar los factores que gobiernan los sistemas de con alta importancia socioeconómica debido a las prefe- dunas y playas (viento, erosión/acresión, enterramiento, rencias del turismo y la urbanización que éste genera, así abrasión, inundación, sequía, aspersión salina y nutrien- como al desarrollo de la ganadería extensiva y al culti- tes escasos), ya que se expresan en gradientes espaciales vo de cocotales (García-Mora et al., 2001; Hesp, 2004; muy marcados que los hace sistemas muy atractivos de Muñoz-Vallés et al., 2011). Por ejemplo, Jiménez-Orocio estudio (Martínez y Moreno-Casasola, 1996; Martínez et et al. (2014a) estiman que 1% de la superficie de México al., 1997; Hesp et al., 2011). También resultan de interés (aproximadamente 800,000 hectáreas) son dunas costeras las limitantes bióticas que dominan a las dunas estabiliza- y que 46% de ellas han sido transformadas (uso agrope- das por vegetación en suelos con mayor cantidad de nu- cuario o urbanizadas) (Jiménez-Orocio et al., 2014b). La trientes (p. ej., Jones et al., 2004; Lane et al., 2008), que mayoría de las dunas fuera de áreas naturales protegidas generalmente se encuentran en el extremo del gradiente están muy deterioradas (fragmentadas, perforadas, inva- más distante del mar.
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