MA THEMA TICS Teacher's Manual Grade 4
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+ = 2 + 0= 1 4 − 6÷8 3 + 9 = + 5 ÷7− MATHEMATICS Teacher’s Manual Grade 4 Teacher’s MATHEMATICS Mathematics Teacher's Manual Grade 4 Papua New Guinea Department of Education Issued free to schools by the Department of Education First Edition Published in 2019 by the Department of Education, Papua New Guinea. © Copyright 2019, Department of Education, Papua New Guinea. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any form or by any means of electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN 978-9980-905-18-5 Acknowledgements The Grade 4 Mathematics Teacher's Manual was developed by the Curriculum Development Division in partnership with the Mathematics specialists from Japan through the Project for Improving the Quality of Mathematics and Science Education also known as QUIS-ME Project. The Mathematics curriculum officers, textbook writers, pilot teachers from NCD and Central Provinces and the Subject Curriculum Group (SCG) are acknowledged for their contribution in writing, piloting and validating this teacher's manual. The Curriculum Panel members, members of the Subject Advisory Committee (SAC) and the Basic Education Board of Studies (BEBOS) are also acknowledged for their advice, recommendation and endorsement of this teacher's manual. A special acknowledgement is given to the People and the Government of Japan for the partnership and support in funding and expertise through Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) - QUIS-ME Project with Curriculum Development Division (CDD). Mathematics Teacher’s Manual Grade 4 Papua New Guinea Department of Education Table of Contents Teacher’s Manual Mathematics Grade 4 Content Page Number Table of Contents II Secretary's Message III How to use the Teacher's Manual IV Unit 1. Large Numbers 1 Unit 2. Division 15 Unit 3. Thinking about How to Calculate 26 Unit 4. Angles 31 Unit 5. Division by One-digit Numbers 45 Unit 6. Quadrilaterals 65 Unit 7. Division by 2-digit Numbers 95 Unit 8. Line Graphs 115 Unit 9. Decimal Numbers 1 129 Unit 10. Round Numbers 147 Unit 11. Expression and Calculations 165 Unit 12. Area 181 Unit 13. Decimal Numbers 2 201 Unit 14. Think about How to Calculate 216 Unit 15. Arrangement of Data 221 Unit 16. Multiplication and Division of Decimal Numbers 231 Unit 17. Fractions 253 Unit 18. Rectangular Prisms and Cubes 275 Unit 19. Quantities Change Together 301 Unit 20. Summary of the Grade 4 315 Attachment Teacher's Manual Development Committee II Secretary’s Message Dear Teacher, The Mathematics Teacher's Manual is produced for Grade 4 teachers to help and guide them to plan and teach the Mathematics lessons in line with the National Mathematics Textbook for Grade 4 students. The Textbook and Teacher's Manual were developed for quality teaching and learning by our Curriculum Officers, Textbook Writers and Pilot Teachers, who have worked together with Japanese Subject Specialists for 3 years. The Teacher’s Manual is designed to achieve the implemented curriculum of the content standards outlined in the syllabus. It provides suitable teaching and learning content and concepts for the primary school teachers to promote and maintain standard lessons for daily, termly and yearly teaching and learning activities Nationwide. The Teacher’s Manual guides critical thinking and problem-solving approach in which you can easily visualise the concept in the lesson flow that is expanded from the textbook. It addresses necessary areas of what to teach, how to teach and what to measure (assess). The manual is user friendly and reflects PNG contexts in daily situations to help students acquire knowledge, skills, attitudes and values set through the lesson objectives. We understand that some teachers are confident in teaching mathematics and some are not. This Teacher’s Manual introduces many new approaches for lessons with more mathematics teaching aids, full utilisation of the blackboard using students’ ideas and prior knowledge. It will help you to teach mathematics processes step by step with necessary information to a standard or higher level. Therefore, you can demonstrate and improve your lessons with new teaching approaches through careful reading and preparation of each lesson using this Teacher’s Manual. You are encouraged to use the Teacher’s Manual and Textbook with other relevant resources to deliver the mathematics contents with enjoyment and for your students to have fun and love mathematics. I commend this Teacher’s Manual for Grade 4 Mathematics to be used with the National Textbook as an official resource for teaching in all primary schools throughout Papua New Guinea. III Introduction The Teacher's Manual (TM) has been developed for teachers to teach learning contents to their students more effectively with the National Textbook (TB). The features of this Teacher's Manual and its contents correspond to the National Mathematics Textbook according to Grades 3-5 Mathematics Syllabus. The standards outlined in the syllabus are reflected in this Teacher's Manual to help teachers plan and conduct lessons. The Prelimenary pages of the Teacher's Manual consists of the following 7 sections: How to Use Teacher's Manual, Lesson Presentation using TB and TM, How to use Blackboard plan, Assessment, Attachments, Yearly Overview and Mental Mathematics Skills. It is important for you to take time to read and understand how to use the Textbook and the Manual. 1. How to use the Teacher's Manual In order to use the Teacher's Manual effectively, it is important to understand the composition of the National Textbook. 1.1 Composition of National Textbook The composition of the National Textbook consists of the following features. 1. Heading colours of the Textbook 3. Students’ ideas Heading colour for each term changes to Textbook uses students’ ideas for students to assist teacher to recognise teaching periods. think and reason mathematically. Basically, students learn using prior ideas to higher order thinking. Term 1 Term 3 4. Activity Symbol Term 2 Term 4 Some chapters have Ice breaking activity as 2. Titles and Numbers the lead up activity for chapter. Each chapter consists of Chapter and Sub- chapter titles with numbers. All problems in the 5. Fun with Mental Math! 26 = × textbook have Task and activities using The students can enjoy by filling in the boxes numbers to indicate. We call 1 as task 1 and with numbers where the answer equate to 1 as activity 1. the page numbers. Sample Textbook page Chapter number Chapter title 4. 015 Students’ Thinking about ideas Sub-Chapter 3 How to Caluculate title 1 Rules of Division 1 There are 4 packs with 12 lollies each. All 48 lollies Task number are divided equally among 3 children. Priority How many lollies will each child receive ? exercise 1 Write an expression. Activity ÷ Mark Total number of lollies Number of children Make sure teacher number 2 Think about how to calculate the answer by using what you have learned. give this exercise Think about how to calculate your answer in different during lesson. ways and explain your ideas using figures or mathematical expressions. Will the answer be 437+302 Slider mark larger than 10? Students' Kila’s idea activity or Firstly, distribute a box to each child. Fun with And then, divide the Lollies for Lollies for Lollies for each child each child each child Mental Math Problem remaining 12 lollies to 3 children. solving 12÷3=4 There are 12 lollies in each box, so the amount of lollies for each child will be 12+4=16. □−□= 27 IV "Necessary Competencies acquired through the use of textbook" Experimental mathematical activities such as "measure", "compare", "divide", "order", "touch", "pile up" and "throw" are contained in all grades. It is intended to develop the ability and skills to be able to solve various problems logically in daily life by considering many ways. Mathematical Literacy Activities for improving reading, expression and comprehension abilities and skills are contained in relating formulas, letters and graphs. In addition, textbooks are designed in order to use acquired abilities and skills for future learning content and daily life situations. Structure of a Chapter in the Textbook The structure in the Chapter consists of several Sub-Chapters, Tasks, Activities, Exercises and ends with a set of Exercise and Problems. Chapter Sub- Chapter Exercise Tasks Activities Exercise & Problems Parts of the Textbook Textbook Introduction Page The introduction page consist of two pages which introduces very important information and icons allowing students and teachers to be familiar with what is expected to be encountered in the textbook. It also has chapters learned from previous grade outlined carefully and a table of contents. It promotes sequences of learning to help teachers to plan and program effectively. Exercise & Problems At the end of each chapter, Exercises are set for students to consolidate what has been learnt in a particular chapter. Page numbers indicating specific content found for each exercise is tagged beside each exercise. The Problems are placed after each exercise in each chapter. The problems are more advanced in order to enhance students higher order thinking skills for each chapter. It also guides students to apply what they have learnt. Revison "Do you remember?" Additional Information Additional information is placed in some units to This section of the textbook is purposely relate the content for revision. Before moving into the next covered to cultural and chapter, these set of exercises will social aspects of life. It enable students to reflect to the helps the students to contents covered in the past and relate think mathematically in to the new chapter. This also promotes solving daily life solidifying of previous content. situations. V 1.2 Main content of the Teacher's Manual The layout of the Teacher's Manual has 9 components, Basic lesson information, Objectives, Prior Knowledge, Assessment, Preparation, Lesson flow, Teacher's note, Sample Blackboard Plan and reduced textbook page.