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REVIEW on the STATUS of INTRODUCED NON-NATIVE WATERBIRD SPECIES and HYBRIDS THEREOF, 2Nd EDITION

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REVIEW on the STATUS of INTRODUCED NON-NATIVE WATERBIRD SPECIES and HYBRIDS THEREOF, 2Nd EDITION AGREEMENT ON THE CONSERVATION OF Doc: AEWA/MOP 4.12 AFRICAN-EURASIAN MIGRATORY WATERBIRDS Corr. 1 Agenda item: 11 e. Original: English Date: 5 September 2008 4th SESSION OF THE MEETING OF THE PARTIES 15 – 19 September 2008, Antananarivo, Madagascar “Flyway Conservation at Work – Review of the Past, Vision for the Future" REVIEW ON THE STATUS OF INTRODUCED NON-NATIVE WATERBIRD SPECIES AND HYBRIDS THEREOF, 2nd EDITION Introduction According to Paragraph 7.4 of the AEWA Action Plan the Agreement Secretariat, in coordination with the Technical Committee and the Parties, shall prepare a series of international reviews necessary for the implementation of the Action Plan, including, inter alia, a Review on the status of introduced non-native waterbird species and hybrids thereof. The first edition of this review was produced in 2002 and submitted to the 2nd session of the Meeting of the Parties. After a call for tenders the compilation of the updated 2nd edition was commissioned to the British Trust for Ornithology. Information from Range States on the status of non-native waterbird species or hybrids was collected through questionnaires. This review was approved by the Technical Committee at its 8th meeting in March 2008 and endorsed by the Standing Committee at its 5th meeting in June 2008 for submission to MOP4. Conclusions and recommendation from the review served as a basis for draft Resolution 4.5. Action requested from the Meeting of the Parties The Meeting of the Parties is invited to note the 2nd edition of the Review on the status of introduced non- native waterbird species and hybrids thereof and take its conclusions and recommendations into account in the decision making process. BTO Research Report No. 489 Review of the Status of Introduced Non-Native Waterbird Species in the Area of the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement: 2007 Update Authors A.N. Banks, L.J. Wright, I.M.D. Maclean, C. Hann & M.M. Rehfisch February 2008 Report of work carried out by the British Trust for Ornithology under contract to AEWA Secretariat © British Trust for Ornithology British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU Registered Charity No. 216652 CONTENTS Page No. List of Tables...........................................................................................................................................5 List of Figures.........................................................................................................................................7 List of Appendices ..................................................................................................................................9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................11 RECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................................................................................13 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................15 2. AIMS & OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................17 3. PROJECT APPROACH ......................................................................................................19 3.1 Correspondents .....................................................................................................................19 3.2 Questionnaires.......................................................................................................................19 3.3 Literature Review .................................................................................................................19 3.4 Database.................................................................................................................................19 4. THE STATUS OF NON-NATIVE INTRODUCED WATERBIRDS IN THE AEWA AREA........................................................................................................................21 4.1 Non-Native Introduced Species Known To Have Bred More Than Five Times In The Wild ................................................................................................................................21 4.1.1 Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus .......................................................................24 4.1.2 Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus and Caribbean Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber ................................................................................................26 4.1.3 Chilean Flamingo Phoenicopterus chilensis ...........................................................28 4.1.4 White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata ...............................................30 4.1.5 Mute Swan Cygnus olor ...........................................................................................32 4.1.6 Black Swan Cygnus atratus...................................................................................... 35 4.1.7 Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus ............................................................................... 38 4.1.8 Swan Goose Anser cygnoides................................................................................... 39 4.1.9 Bean Goose Anser fabalis .........................................................................................41 4.1.10 Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus.............................................................. 42 4.1.11 Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons....................................................... 44 4.1.12 Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus ...................................................... 45 4.1.13 Greylag Goose Anser anser...................................................................................... 47 4.1.14 Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus............................................................................. 51 4.1.15 Snow Goose Chen caerulescens............................................................................... 53 4.1.16 Emperor Goose Chen canagicus ............................................................................. 54 4.1.17 Greater Canada Goose Branta canadensis & Cackling Goose Branta hutchinsii ...................................................................................................... 56 4.1.18 Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis ............................................................................ 59 4.1.19 Upland Goose Chloephaga picta.............................................................................. 61 4.1.20 Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiaca ................................................................... 63 4.1.21 Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea...................................................................... 67 4.1.22 Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata............................................................................ 69 4.1.23 Wood Duck Aix sponsa ............................................................................................ 72 4.1.24 Mandarin Aix galericulata....................................................................................... 75 4.1.25 Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope............................................................................. 77 4.1.26 Gadwall Anas strepera ............................................................................................. 78 BTO Research Report No. 489 1 February 2008 Page No. 4.1.27 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos.................................................................................... 79 4.1.28 Meller’s Duck Anas melleri ..................................................................................... 82 4.1.29 Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina........................................................................... 83 4.1.30 Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis ............................................................................ 85 4.1.31 Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio .................................................................88 4.2 Non-Native Introduced Species That Have Bred Up To Five Times In The Wild, Or Are Not Known To Have Bred In The Wild.................................................................89 4.2.1 Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus ...........................................................90 4.2.2 Pink-backed Pelican Pelecanus rufescens ..............................................................90 4.2.3 Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus ......................................................................90 4.2.4 Cattle Egret Ardea ibis............................................................................................. 90 4.2.5 Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax .............................................. 90 4.2.6 Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis ............................................................................90 4.2.7 Black Stork Ciconia nigra........................................................................................ 90 4.2.8 European White Stork Ciconia ciconia.................................................................. 91 4.2.9 Straw-necked Ibis Threskiornis spinicollis............................................................. 91 4.2.10 Scarlet Ibis Eudocimus ruber................................................................................... 91 4.2.11 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus................................................................................ 91 4.2.12 African Spoonbill
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