Philosophical Works
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Vol4.Prelims Page i Friday, June 25, 2010 9:43 AM The Peter Martyr Library Volume Four Philosophical Works i Vol4.Prelims Page ii Friday, June 25, 2010 9:43 AM The Peter Martyr Library Series One General Editors JOHN PATRICK DONNELLY, S. J., and JOSEPH C. McLelland Managing Editor ROBERT V. SCHNUCKER Editorial Committee Marvin W. Anderson Rita Belladonna Edward J. Furcha Frank A. James III William J. Klempa Editorial Board Irena Backus Alister E. McGrath Institut d’histoire de la Réformation Wycliffe Hall Université de Genève Oxford University Peter S. Bietenholz John McIntyre University of Saskatchewan University of Edinburgh Rita Belladonna H. Wayne Pipkin York University Associated Mennonite Biblical Downsview, Ontario Seminaries, Elkhart, Indiana Fritz Büsser Jill Raitt Institut für Schweizer University of Missouri Reformationsgeschichte, Zurich Columbia, Missouri Antonio D’Andrea Donna R. Runnalls McGill University, Montreal McGill University, Montreal Richard C. Gamble Luigi Santini Calvin College and Seminary Chiesa Evangelica Valdese Grand Rapids, Michigan Firenze Robert M. Kingdon Pamela D. Stewart Institute for Research in the Humanities McGill University University of Wisconsin-Madison Montreal William Klempa John Tedeschi The Presbyterian College, Montreal University of Wisconsin-Madison John H. Leith Thomas F. Torrance Union Theological Seminary of Virginia University of Edinburgh Michael Percival-Maxwell Cesare Vasoli McGill University, Montreal Università di Firenze Vol4.Prelims Page iv Friday, June 25, 2010 9:43 AM This book has been brought to publication with the generous support of Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri and is published jointly by The Thomas Jefferson University Press and Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, Inc. Kirksville, Missouri, U.S.A. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vermigli, Pietro Martire, 1499–1562. [Works. English. 1996] Philosophical works : on the relation of philosophy to theology / Peter Martyr Vermigli : translated and edited with introduction and notes by Joseph C. McLelland. p. cm. — (Sixteenth century essays & studies : v. 39) (The Peter Martyr library. Series one ; v. 4) Includes index ISBN 0-940474-41-7 (alk. paper) 1. Bible—Criticism, interpretation, etc.—Early works to 1800. 2. The- ology—Early works to 1800. 3. Philosophy—Early works to 1800. I. McLelland, Joseph C. II. Title. II. Series. IV. Series : Vermigli, Pietro Martire, 1499–1562. Works. English. 1994 : v. 4. BS505.V37213 1996 230'.4—dc20 96–44882 CIP Composed at Truman State University Kirksville, Missouri 63501–4221 USA Cover Art and Title Page by Teresa Wheeler, Truman State University Designer Manufactured by Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor, Michigan Text is set in Galliard Oldstyle 10/13; display in Hadfield Copyright ©1996 by Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, Inc., Kirksville, Missouri 63501 U.S.A. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any format by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. The paper in this publication meets or exceeds the minimum requirements of the American National Standard—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48 (1984). PMV4Contents Page vii Friday, June 25, 2010 9:47 AM Contents Abbreviations Used in this Volume x General Editors’ Preface xiii Translator’s Introduction xix Florence, Padua, and Beyond xix ! The Intellect: One and Immortal xxiii ! “Reformed Scholasticism” xxvii ! Providence and Predestination xxxiii ! Philosophy and Scripture xxxviii ! Selection of Texts xl part one ! Reason and Revelation About the Translation 3 Philosophy and Theology: Vermigli’s Introduction to the Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics 6 [The Nature of Philosophy] 6! [Practical Philosophy] 9 ! [The Nicomachean Ethics] 12 ! [A Warning from Saint Paul] 13 ![The Biblical Criterion] 14 Nature and Grace: Commentaries on Romans 1 and 1 Samuel 5 18 [Natural Knowledge Of God] 18 ! [What Philosophers Say] 19 ! [Divine Revelation] 20 ! [Contrary Arguments] 22! [That Natural Knowledge Removes Excuse] 24 ! [Two Kinds of Knowledge] 26 part two ! Body and Soul About the Translation 33 The Image of God: Commentary on Genesis 37 [Creation] 37 ! [Soul and Body] 39 ! [The Divine Image] 42 ! [The Nature of “Dominion”] 43 Resurrection: Commentary on 2 Kings 4 47 [Introduction] 47! [Outline Of The Treatise] 52 ! [Contrary Reasons] 52 ! [Definition] 54 ! [Rational Proofs] 58 ! [Old Testament] 65 ! [New Testament] 102 ! [Causes Of The Resurrection] 105 ! [Condition of the Resurrected] 107 ! [Answers to Arguments Contra] 121 vii PMV4Contents Page viii Friday, June 25, 2010 9:47 AM viii Contents part three ! Our Knowledge of God About the Translation 135 Visions: How and How Far God May be Known. Commentary on Judges 6 138 [Sense Knowledge] 139 ! [The Biblical Vision Of God] 140 ! [Whether God Is Revealed, or Angels] 142 ! [Patristic Evidence] 146 ! [Other Kinds of Knowledge of God] 148 ! [Knowledge Through Faith] 150 Dreams: Commentary on Judges 7:13 155 [Dreams According to Natural Reason] 155 ! [Are Dreams Causal?] 158 ! [Divine and Demonic Dreams] 162 ! [Scriptural Testimony] 163 ! [Ratio I] 165 ! [Ratio II] 166 ! [Ratio III] 166 part Four ! Providence, Miracles, and Responsibility About the Translation 171 Providence: Commentaries on Genesis and Samuel 176 [Introduction] 176 ! [Definition] 177 ! [Question: Whether All Things Are Ruled By God’s Providence] 178 ! [Whether Providence Implies Change In God] 179 ! [Whether Providence Destroys Chance And Fortune] 180 ! [Method of the Doctrine of Providence] 182 ! [Whether Providence Exists] 184 ! [What Providence Is] 185 ! [Whether All Things Are Subject to Providence] 187 ! [Aporia. If Providence Rules Everything, Why Is There Such Confusion?] 188 [Whether Necessities Are Under Providence] 189 ! [What Seem To Be Accidents Are Under God’s Providence] 190 ! [Whether Providence Is Immutable] 191 ! [Does Providence Allow Any Contingency In Things?] 192 ! [Why What God Determines Is Called Contingent] 194 ! [How Causes Are Infinite] 195 Miracles: Commentary on Judges 197 [Definition] 197 ! [Distinctions Within Miracles] 200 ! [True and False Miracles] 202 ! [Miracles and Faith] 207 ! [Whether Miracles Are to be Sought] 211 Whether God is the Author of Sin: Commentary on 2 Samuel 16 215 [Arguments that God Is Not the Cause of Sin] 216 ! [Opposing Arguments: That God Is the Cause of Sin] 218 ! [The Question At Issue] 222 ! [Three Special Points] 237 ! [The Cause of Sin] 242 ! [Arguments of the First Part] 243 ! [Rebuttal of Arguments of the Second Part] 248 ! [Conclusion] 259 PMV4Contents Page ix Friday, June 25, 2010 9:47 AM Contents ix part five ! Free Will and Predestination About the Translations 265 Free Will: Common Places, Appendix 271 [Definition] 271 ! [Command and Freedom] 276 ! [Will and Emotion] 280 ! [Mind as Instrument] 282 ! [The Unregenerate Will] 285 ! [Syllogism of Choosing] 297 ! [The Two Callings] 298 ! [The Limits of Freedom] 303 ! [The Regenerate Will] 316 Three Summaries: Common Places, Appendix 320 1. Free Will 320 ! [Definition] 321 ! [Proposition 1] 321 ! [Difficulties That Hinder Freedom] 322 ! [Proposition 2] 323 ! [Two Callings] 325 ! [Proposition 3] 327 2. Providence and Predestination 328 ! [Definition] 328 ! [Chance and Providence] 329 ! [Predestination] 330 ! [Reprobation] 331 3. Whether God Is the Author of Sin 333 About the Translator 335 Scripture References 336 Index 344 Vol4.Abbrevs Page x Friday, June 25, 2010 9:48 AM Abbreviations Used in this Volume BDB The New Brown, Driver & Briggs Gesenius. Oxford: Oxford Univer- sity Press, 1907; reprinted 1981. BIB A Bibliography of the Writings of Peter Martyr Vermigli. John Patrick Donnelly and Robert M. Kingdon, with Marvin W. Anderson. Kirksville, Mo.: Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1990. CHGM The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy. Edited by A. H. Armstrong. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967. CHRP The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy. Edited by C. Schmitt and Q. Skinner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. COR Peter Martyr Vermigli. In Selectissimam S. Pauli Priorem ad Corinthios Epistolam … Commentarii. Zurich: C. Froschauer, 1551. CP Common Places of Peter Martyr Vermigli. “Translated and partly gath- ered” by Anthony Marten. London, 1583. CR Corpus Reformatorum. Edited by Karl Gottleib Bretschneider and Heinrich Ernst Bindseil. Halle, 1834–. CSV John Patrick Donnelly. Calvinism and Scholasticism in Vermigli's Doctrine of Man and Grace. Leiden: Brill, 1976. DEF Peter Martyr Vermigli. Defensio Doctrinae veteris & Apostolicae de ss Euch. ... adv. Stephani Gardineri. Zurich: C. Froschauer, 1559. DIAL Peter Martyr Vermigli. Dialogue on the Two Natures in Christ. Trans- lated and edited by J.P. Donnelly. Peter Martyr Library, 2. Kirks- ville, Mo.: Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1995. DM Peter Martyr Vermigli. The Life, Early Letters and Eucharistic Writings of Peter Martyr. Translated by G. E. Duffield and J. C. McLelland. Oxford: Sutton Courtenay Press, 1989. ETH Peter Martyr Vermigli. In Primum, Secundum, et Initium Tertii Libri Ethicorum Aristotelis ad Nicomachum. Zurich: C. Froschauer, 1563. x Vol4.Abbrevs Page xi Friday, June 25, 2010 9:48 AM Abbreviations Used in this Volume xi EW Peter Martyr Vermigli. Early Writings: Creed, Scripture, Church. Translated