'Qrbe ~bark TSap maritime T!)eritage ~tubp

Presented by The W A Maritime Museum and the Shire

February 1997

.-

Compilers

D. Garratt, M. McCarthy, S. McGann, A. Metcalf

COD!ributors: D. Cooper, R. Cooper, R Dickson, N. Erskine, D. Garratl, M. McCarthy, S. McGann, A. Metcalf, M Gibbs, V. Moran, F. Sawday, M. Stanbury, The Shire of Shark Bay.

Report: Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum. No. 120

© W." . MUSEUM

• ,.

Acknowledgments

The Shire of Shark Bay

Less Moss: Shire President Mr Terry Pearson Shire Clerk to April 1996 Alan Biggs: Shire Clerk from May 1996 Craig Tumour: Finance and Administration Manager

The Maritime Museum's Research Team

Mr Darren Cooper, B.Se (Hon,) Mr Nigel Erskine, B.A. Grad. Dip. Mar AIe. Ms Dena Garratt, B.A. Grad .. dip. Mar AIe .. Grad Dip ILS Or Martin Gibbs, B.Se (Hon,)., Ph.D. Or Michael McCarthy, Dip. P.E., B.Ed., Grad. Dip. Mar AIe .. M.Phii, Ph.D. Ms Sally McGann B.Sc (Hon,). Ms Andrea Metcalf BA Cult.Her. Studs. Ms Vivienne Moran B.App Se .. Grad. Dip. Mar AIe.

Maritime Museum Staff

Ms Sally May, Head Department of Maritime history Ms Sue Cox, Departmental Secretary, Librarian Ms Dena Garratt, Librarian and Acting Departmental Secretary Or Michael McCarthy, Curator and Operations Manager Ms Myra Stanbury, BA, B Se. Curator (Artefacts) Mrs Fairlie Sawday, DipPhysio. Artefact Registrar

Staff of

The Battye Library (State Library of Western ) The Royal Western Australian Historical Society The Western Australian Maritime Museum

Individual Researchers

Mr Russell Cooper Mr Rod Dickson (Hon. Assoc., W A Maritime Museum), Figure 1 . THE SHARK BAY AREA

WESTERN AUSTRALIA

BAY

WOOrrJ/TItI/ R.

Monkey Mio (\Four. "Jlslond 1 N 01 AN

USi/les s Inlet .

Helrisson Prono

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o 20 40km

I. THE SHARK BAY STUDY

Introduction Though most maritime regional centres, such as Esperance, Albany, Augusta, Bunbury, Geraldton, Carnarvon, Broome and Wyndham are well served by both historical societies and regional museums, it has long been recognised that there are some areas in such as Port Hedland, Exmouth and Shark Bay that are as yet poorly-served with respect to such facilities. The reasons are numerous, ranging from the size and spread of the populations served by the regional centres, through to the demography and the transient nature of the populous itself. Despite this, there is no lack of interest in the maritime history of the three regions noted. The South Hedland library, for example contains a good collection of reproduced archival material, as does the Karratha college. There are also a number of maritime heritage interest groups in the areas noted. The Port Hedland Region Maritime History Association, for example, developed in recent years from the activities of the SS Koombanah (1908-1912) Search Committee and the Shark Bay Maritime Heritage Association was formed following its acquisition of the pearling lugger Galli Curci .. Some individuals in Exmouth have also been very active in recent times, with indications of a growing interest in the maritime heritage of the region. Over the past few years these individuals and bodies have been assisted in their functions as part of the Western Australian Maritime Museum's Outreach program. In Exmouth, for example, a movement has been established with a view to establishing an 'anchor walk' and a wreck access facility based on successful examples in other centres. The Maritime museum has also been active in assisting the Shire of Port Hedland in the development of its heritage centre. Despite the richness of their maritime heritage, access to archival material in some of these centres is still lacking, with Exmouth and Shark Bay two notable examples. It had long been recognised that Shark Bay contains a significant number of maritime sites. In 1986, for example the then Director of the W A Museum wrote to the State Planning Commission recognising the existence of Aboriginal sites, wrecks associated with whaling, guano mining, sandalwood trade, pearling. fishing and general carrying). land sites associated with those wrecks, notably the VOC ship Zuytdorp (1702-1711) and the French whaler Perseverant (1837-1841), land sites associated with maritime industries (guano mining, pearling, fIShing, salt works and timber mills. station landings. lighthouses. a military establishment, two lock hospitals and unidentified structures appearing as stone wall at Crayfish Bay. This reply had been prepared from research conducted by Curator of maritime archaeology Ms Myra Stanbury. As part of its wreck research program the Department of Maritime Archaeology had also compiled a series of files on the wrecks of the State, including a series on the shipwrecks from 1622. Some of this material is relevant to the Bay. For the people of the Shark Bay region, this material was not sufficient and on 12 February 1996, following discussions between the Shire President and the co-ordinator of the Western Australian Maritime Museum's Outreach Program. the Shire of Shark Bay commissioned the Department of Maritime Archaeology at the Museum to conduct a study designed to achieve the aims outlined below.

11 The Study Aims

# To assist and supervise recognised scholars to research and compile from archives, copies or facsimiles of historic documents, maps, photographs, images and artefacts in relation to the early explorers, beginning of settlement as well as the more recent history of Shark Bay.

# To amalgamate all the data collected in that study into a compilation encompassing the maritime culture and maritime heritage of Shark Bay and produce a catalogue of artefacts relevant to the Bay.

# To present the materials in a 'user friendly' format in order to be easily accessed by the public, primarily the people of Shark Bay.

From this beginning, it was hoped that scholars and interested members of the public could access the facility which was to be housed at Shark Bay and that the Shire of Shark Bay could commission the writing of a history of the bay based on the materials collated and compiled.

Dr Michael McCarthy of the Department of Maritime Archaeology was nominated as supervisor and co-author of the study and was empowered to select staff, co-ordinate the project and liaises with the Shire of Shark Bay. The Shire of Shark Bay allocated the sum of $12000 to the Maritime Museum in order to facilitate the study. The Museum, for its part was to provide its facilities and staff time.

For the purposes of this study the historic sites in the Bay were grouped into the main sub heads of

Aboriginal people

Artefactual collection

Early charts and maps

Exploration

Dutch French British

Fishing

Film and video

General Information (Including Customs, Police, Sheep stations, the environment, social history, tourism and fiction)

Guano mining

Heritage Sites H.M.A.S. Sydney I H.S.K. Kormoran Jetties and Port Related Structures Lighthouses Military History

North west Coastal Trade Pearling

Pearling A-K Pearling L-N Pearling O-Z

Pearling Button Manufacture Pearling Camps Chinese Customs Exports & Markets Labour Leases Legislation Licenses Luggers Prices Regulations Pictorial Collection

Shipwrecks and shipwreck survivor's camps Sandalwood Trade

Shipwrecks Shipwrecks General

Shipwreck - Gudrun Shipwreck Survivors' Camps

Shipwreck ZuytdoUJ

Whaling

Material on these sections is stored in the data base in files according to the sub heads above. These categories are also reflected in the card index and in the bibliography appearing at the end of this summary. accounting of expenditure appearing as an appendix indicates that the grant was expended in full .

.. Study Format a) Staff.

The research team itself team divided according to a variety of subject headings.

Coordinator and Project Supervisor

Dr M McCarthy

Co· compilers

MsDGarratt Ms A Metcalfe MsS MeGann

Specialist Researchers

Mr Darren Cooper. The military at Shark Bay Mr Russell Cooper. Shark Bay contemporary history and fishing Mr Rod Dickson Boats registered at Shark Bay, boatbuilding Mr Nigel Erskine: Holdings of tbe Bauye Library Ms Dena Garratt Museum flies, artefact registers, Battye library pen;onal papers Or Martin Gibbs: Whaling and Cape inscription site Or Micbael McCartby: Pearling, Broadhurst, HMAS Sydney, vac ship Zuycdorp, book purchases. Ms Sally McGann: Pearling, Legislation and Wilyah Miah Ms Andrea MelcaJf: Pictorial collection, holdings of tbe RW AHS Vivienne Moran: Maritime history collection Fairlie Sawday: Artefact list

bl Research Stages

Bookshops

These were scoured for early literature on the area resulting in the acquisition of editions ranging from historical fiction e.g., HH Wilson's Where the Wind's Feet Shine. an historical fiction on the Bay and its people, through to Dampier's explorations and modern works by scholars such as Prof Leslie Marchant on the French exploration and Gunter Schilder's Voyage to the Great South Land. A set of prints including the de Vlamingh map and water colours has also been obtained for exhibition at the Bay These acquisitions resulted in the expenditure of a large pOl1ion of the grant.

Research

Researchers, Darren Cooper, Nigel Erskine, Dena Garratt, Martin Gibbs, Sally McGann and Vivienne Moran, all graduates of the Archaeology Course at University of W A and the Post Graduate Diploma in Maritime Archaeology were employed on contract for a variety of periods to conduct research into areas of their particular interest and expertise as indicated above. Ms Garratt, a trained librarian, also assisted in developing the data compilation and recovery system. The project leader provided notes from his research into the early days at Wilyiah Miah, centring on C.E. Broadhurst and Capt. Francis Cadell, two prominent early pearlers. Ms Mr Russell Cooper of Geraldton, both assisted and utilised the study in preparation for his Shark Bay Oddessy, a commentary on the Bay beginning in the days before European settlement, but concentrating on the period post 1920. When his work is complete, it will be lodged with this study at the Bay. Mr Rod Dickson provided excerpts from his compilation of ships registers and from his work on boatbuilders in Western Australia, a work soon to be published by Hesperian Press. Ms McGann deserves particular mention, not only conducting considerable research, but in making available a complete copy of her research notes for her coming Masters thesis on the pearling industry at Shark Bay with special emphasis on Wilyiah Miah. In turn she consulted as a major source Dr Anne Atkinson's Ph.d thesis, which conducted at Murdoch University in 1991 on the subject of Chinese labour and capital in Western Australia. Ms Andrea Metcalf also requires special note at this point, joining the project as a Curtin University post-graduate serving an internship at the Department of Maritime Archaeology at the Western Australian Museum under the supervision of the project leader. At the end of that internship, Ms Metcalf contributed hundreds of hours to the final compilation and checking of the data base and retrieval systems on a voluntary basis.

Archives and institutional holdings

1) Relevant sections of Maritime Museum's maritime archaeology and maritime history files on the Shark Bay area and all relics, boats and shipwrecks have been copied and compiled.

2) The holdings of the Battye Library (State Library of Western Australia) have been examined in depth for material relevant to the maritime history of the Bay. where possible these have been copied.

3) The artefact lists held as working documents at the Western Australian Maritime Museum for all the sites excavated in Shark Bay were compiled and lists of material donated or acquired have also been prepared.

4) The Museum's site reports for all wrecks and historic marine sites in the area have been compiled ready for copying. A search for research notes and relevant academic theses has been undertaken and the reports and/or research notes have been copied and compiled where possible.

Oral histories

Oral histories held at the State library and conducted as part of this study were transcribed where possible. These will be joined by the histories forming part of Russell Cooper's offering. 3) Presentation of the Study

The Shark Bay Maritime Heritage Study is presented as a) An alphabetically-arranged card index (Green boxes) to historical materials held in the various repositories in Westem Australia and to the compilation of copies of that materiel now housed in Denham. b) A corresponding set of alphabetically-arranged files containing the material copied. (Steel filing cabinet) c) A collection of literature relevant to the bay. d) Short excerpts from works containing significant comment on the Bay or its people e) Research notes from various locations f) A bibliography of materials appearing in the study.

At this stage it needs be acknowledged that the study provides a framework on which to build and that it cannot be considered final given the time and financial constraints imposed. With that in mind provision has been made for the addition of material to the archive, bookshelves and databases.

Michael McCarthy, Dip. P.E .. B.Ed .. Grad. Dip. Mar Arc .• M.Phil. PhD. Project Supervisor Bibliography Shark Bay maritime history study I Compilers: D. Garratt & M McCarthy W A Maritime Museum

Bain, M. B., 1982, Full Fathom Five. ArtIook Books, Perth, Western Australia.

Bartlett, N., 1954, The pearl seekers. Andrew Melrose, London.

Bates, D., 1985, (Bd. I White). The Native Tribes of Western Australia, National library of Australia, Canberra.

Berry, P. F., Bradshaw, S. D. and Wilson, B. R., 1990, Research in Shork Bay. Report of the France­ Australe Bicentenary Expedition CommiNee. Western Australian Museum.

Blight, A.C.V., 1984, The Golden Quest. The roaring days of Western Australian gold rushes and life in the pearling industry. Hesperian Ptess, Carlisle, WA.

Brockman, J., 1987, He rode alone: being the adventures of pioneer Julius Brockmllnfrom his diaries edited by Joan Brockman. ArtIook Books, Penh, Western Australia.

Brown, J .. 1965, Shork Bay, Jarrolds, London

Cairns, L. and Henderson, G., 1995, Unfinished Voyages. Western Australian Shipwrecks 1881-1900. University of WA Ptess, Nedlands, Western Australian.

Dickinson, J.Y .. 1968, The book of pearls: their history and romnnce from anriquity to modern times, Crown Publishers, New York. Dampier, W., 1697, A new voyage round the world. The Argonaut Press, London 1927.

Dickson, R., 1994, Ships registered in Western Australiafrom 1856: their details, their owners and their fate. 8 Vols, Report Department of maritime Archaeology, W A Maritime museum, No 80.

Grey, G., 1983, Expeditions in Western Australia 1837-1839. Volume 1&2. Facsimile Edition, Hesperian Ptess, Victoria Park, Western Australia.

Hardie, J., 1988, Nor'westers of the Pi/hara breed. Hesperian Ptess, Victoria park, Western Australia.

Hordern, M. c., 1989, Mariners are warnedl John Lort Stokes and H.M.S. Beagle in Australia 1837- 1843. Melbourne University Ptess, Melbourne, Victoria.

Horton, D., 1994, The encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history, society and culture. Vols. I and 2. Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.

Kerr, A., 1967, Australia's North West, UWA Ptess, Nedlands.

Marchant, L. R., 1982, France Australe: a study of French explorations and attempts to found a penal colony and strategic base in south western Australia 1503-1826. Artlook Books, Perth, Western Austra1ia.

Marchant, L. R .. 1988, An island unto itself, William Dampier and New Holland, Hesperian Ptess, Carlisle W.A.

Miller, c., 1996, History of Cnrnarvon Maritime PreCinct, , Western Australia.

Miller, C., 1996, Photographical history of Carnarvon and the region, Vols. I . & 2. Shire of Carnarvon, Western Austra1ia.

1 In some instances the complete reference does not appear and excerpts only are provided.

" Palassos, K., Pate

Playford, P., 1996, Carpet of silver. The wreck of the Zuytdorp University of Western AuslIalia Press, Nedlands, Western AuslIalia.

Riviere, M. C., (Trans. & ed.), 1996, A woman of courage. The journal of Rose de Freycinet on her voyage around the world 1817-1820. National Library of AuslIalia, Canberra, ACT.

Schilder, G., ed., 1985, Voyage to the Great South Land. Willem de Vlamingh 1696-/697. Royal Australian Historical Society, Sydney, New South Wales.

Sharp, E. I., 1985, E. T. Hooley pioneer bushman. Stock route pioneered by E. T. Hooley from Geraldine Mine to Nicol Bay 1866 and 1905 Government wells. Published privately, Western AuslIalia.

Summers, L., Marchant, L., Dale, D., and Keys, N., Comp., Metcalfe, M. (ed.), 1991, Shark Bay Western Australia. A bibliography. Library Board of Western AuslIalia.

Valli, 1., 1983, Gascoyne days. St Georges Books, Perth, Western AuslIalia.

Weller, H., ed., 1979, North of the 26th: A collection of writings, paintings, drawings and phatographs from the Kimberley, and Gascoyne regions. The Nine Club, East Perth, Western Australia.

White, I., ed., 1985, Daisy Bates. The native tribes of Western Australia. National Library of AuslIalia, Canberra.

Wilson, H. H., 1960, Where the wind's feet shine. Robert Hale Ltd., London.

Wilson, HAH. 1980, Cyclone coasts. Australia's north·westfrontier. Rigby, Adelaide.

Excerpts

Basseu, M .. 1962. Realms and islands. The world voyage of Rose de Freycinet in the corvette Uranie, 1817-1820. Oxford University Press, London. Chapter IX, "Shark Bay, New Holland, 12-27 September." pp. 82-95. Appendix I. "The later adventures of the Vlarningh plate". pp. 251-254. Appendix n. "De Freycinet postscript." p. 255.

Brockman, 1., 1987, He rode alone: being the adventures of pioneer Julius Brockmanfrom his diaries edited by loan Brockman. Artiook Books, Perth, Western AuslIalia. pp. 122-127.

Carter, T., ? No Sundays in the bush. An Englishjackeroo in Western Australia 1887- 1889: From the diaries of Tom Carter. Lothian Publishing, Melbourne, Victoria.

Darnpier, W., 1703, A voyage to New Holland etc. London, The Argonaut Press, 1939.

Day, D., 1992, Smugglers and sailors. The Customs history of Australia 1788-1901. Australian Government Printing Services, Canberra, ACT. Chapter 22, pp. 341-361, "Some sort of order, Western AuslIalia, 1791-1901. esp. p. 354, Tour of inspection of Shark's Bay, 1873.

De La Rue, K .. 1979, Pearl shell and pastures. The story of Cossack and Roebourne, and their place in the history of the North West, from the earliest explorations to 1910. Cossack Project Committee, Western AuslIalia. pp. 3, 76-8, 1l7.

Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 1981, The pearling industry of Western Australia 1850--1981. Extension and Publicity Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. pp 6-9.

Firkins, p .. (ed.), A history of commerce and industry in Western Australia UW A Press, Nedlands.

Dickson, R., 1994, They upt this State afloat. Shipbuilders, boatbuilders and shipwrigh/s of WA, 1829-1929. Report, Department of Maritime Archaeology, WA Maritime Museum. Green, I. N., 1991, HMAS Sydney-problems of location. Paper presented at the HMAS Sydney Forum, 20 November 1991.

Given that there is some repetition, the following material under Halls appears in part only 2.

Halls, C., 1961, Frencb Navigators in Southern Seas. Aquatic Monthly W A. August. 1961, American Wbaling Ern Wrote Stirring Page in our History. Aquatic Monthly W A. September. 1961, Pioneers Set Sail in Search of the Wbale. Aquatic Monthly WA. October.' 1961, 19th Century Voyages along the Coast Helped put our State on the map. Aquatic Monthly WA. November' 1961, Intrepid Dutchmen First Cbartered our Coastline. Aquatic Monthly. WA. December' 1962, Four Sbips that belped at this State's Birth. Aquatic Monthly W A. I anuary , 1964, Two Plates: being an account of the Dirk Hartog and Vlamingb plates, their loss and subsequent recovery, Westerly: a quarterly Review, No. I, pp. 33-40. 1964, lava La Grande - The Forgotten Continent, Westerly, No. 4. 1964, A Story of W A-Asian Trade, Port of Fremantle Quarterly. Winter 1965, Dampier's Second Voyage. Aquatic Monthly WA. September' 1966, Who were the first visitors to Western Australia? The Countryman WA, September 15' 1968, Englisb Captains bad Records of Our Coast. The Countryman W A, February 22' 1968, Forgotten Frenchman Claimed Sbark Bay. The Countryman WA, March 14.' 1968, A Gruelling Voyage Down the West Australian Coast. The Countryman WA, September 5' 1968, Tbe Fate of the Survivors from the Zuytdorp is still unknown. The Countryman WA, October 3'. 1968, New Theory on N-W Discovery. The Countryman WA. November 21. 1969, Conflicting Evidence on Australia's Discovery. The Countryman W A. October 16' 1971, West Coast Discoverer, Dirck Hartocbs. Port of Fremantle Quarterly. Spring. 1973, Captain Cook a Latecomer? Hemisphere. May, Vo!. 17: No. 5. 1974, The Story of Three Plates, Port of Fremantle Quarterly. Winter. 1974, The story of three plates. In Westerly, pp. 22-24. 1976, A Forgotten French Navigator, Port of Fremantle Quarterly. Summer. Undated, Hendrick Brouwer, Pathfinder, 1611, Water Sporu. Undated, Whaling in the West: 1833-1838, Water Spons. Undated, A Mystery of Shark Bay Hamelin's inseribed plate, Water Sports.

Henderson, G.J., 1981, Tbe Development of the Australian Pearling Lugger. The Bulletin of the Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, 5:35-38.

Henderson, G.J., 1983, The Australian Pearling Lugger: A Century of Development. The Binnacle. Lag of the Ship Craft Guild, October: 1-11.

Hipldns, M. & Assocs., 1991, Survey of the built environment of Shark Bay. Department of Planning and Urban Developmen~ Perth, W A. pp. 29-35.

Hogarth, C., 1988, Shipwreck: Discoveries from our earliest ship wrecks 1622-1797. Australian Bicentennial Exhibition Catalogue.

Logan, B.W., Re.ad, I.F., and Davies, G.R., 1970, History of carbonate sedimentation, Quaternary Epocb, Shark Bay, Western Australia, Memoir 13, The American Association of Petroleum Geologists.

McCarthy, M., 1991, HMAS Sydney/HSK Kormoran, an archaeologists view of the situation, in McCarthy, M. & Kirsner, K. eds. 1991, Papers from the HMAS Sydney Forum. Fremantle 21-23 November 1991. Report - Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum No. 52.

McCarthy, M., 1993, Zuytdorp: The Searcb Continues, Landscope, WA's Conservation, Forests and Wildlife Magazine, Department of Conservation and Land Managemen~ Autumn: 42-48.

2 'Under pseudonym 'Marcus Conrad' . McKinnon, H., 1996, "Pearling rerums to Shark Bay", Desrinarions. November-December. Skywest inflight magazine. pp. 4-5.

Raffaele, P., 1990, Shark Bay, Ausrralian Geographic: 56-77.

Stanbury, M., 1982, Guano: a forgotten fertiliser. Our Land. CSBP & Farmers. September: 7-10.

Wilson, B., 1995, Peron the explorer, Landscape, WA's Conservarion, Foresrs and Wildlife Magazine, Department of Conservation and Land Management :20-23

W A Museum Information Series Wreck Access Program Series

Anon. The Vlamingh Place Anon. Dirk Hanog and rhe 'Eendrachl' McCartby, M., 1990, Zuyrdorp, rhe Search Conrinues.

Posters

McCartby, M., & Ruse, 1., 1994, Hisroric Shipwrecks of Wesrern Ausrralia, Those found as of Janual)' 1994, Department of Maritime Archaeology, WA Maritime Museum.

Pamphlets

Briggs, W. & Green, M., Work Experience, Garratt, D., Green, B., & McCartby, M., 1994, Shipwrecks of Shark Bay. Distance Education Centre Work Experience, WA Maritime Museum.

Denham Tourist Centre, 19?, Locarions in Shark Bay named from French expedirions. Primecoat Holdins.

REPORTS

Cumming, D.A., Garrau, D. McCartby, M. & Wolfe, A., 1995, Pan Relllled Srrucrures on rh" Coasr of Wesrern AusrraJia. Reporr - Department of Maritime Archaeology Western Australian Maritime Museum, No. 98.

Cumming, D.A., Glasson, M., McCartby, M. & Wolfe, A., 1995, Lighrhouses on rhe Coasr ofWesrern Ausrralia. Report - Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, No. 100.

Dickson, R., 1992, Marine Accidenrs and Incidenrs in Wesrern Ausrralian Warer Compiled from rhe Regisrer of Wrecks and Casualries in Wesrern Ausrralia 1897-1942 Her Majesry's Cusroms, and rhe Regisrer ofAccidenrs and Incidents from I916-1972,from rhe Depanmenr of Marine &: Harbours. Report - Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, No. 56.

Gibbs, M., 1996, Dirk Harrog's posr. A reporr on rhe sire of rhe 1616 nwnumenr sire ar Cape Inscriprwn, Dirk Harrog Island and an analysis of hisrorical evidence of rhe posrs erecred rhere. Draft report, Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum. Gibbs, M., Comp., 1990, A preliminary database oJ whaling and sealing vessels in Western Australian waters, 1792-1885. Department of Archaeology, University ofWestem Australia

Goldie, L.J., 1948, Address, The M.O.P. shell industry and pearls, delivered to the Historical society of WA.

KimplOn, G. and McCarthy, M., 1988, Zuytdorp 1701-1712. Repon to the director and Head oJ Divisicn on underwater and other work conducted during the pericd April 1986 to April 1988. Report­ Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, No. 30.

Kirsner, K. and Hughes, S., 1993, HMAS Sydney and HSK Kormoran:. Possible and Probable Search Areas. Report - Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, No. 71.

Leonard, B., 1992, Galla Curci survey repon. Report - Depanment of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum.

Leonard, B. and May S., 1993, Galla-Curd report. Shark Bay pearling lugger. Report - Department of Maritime History, Western Australian Maritime Museum.

McCarthy, M., 1986, Notch Point pearling camp and other camps at Shark Bay. Site Inspection Report. - Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum.

McCartby, M., 1990, Zuytdorp, A Report on the Situation to Date, June 1990. Report - Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, No 42.

McCarthy, M., et at. 1990, The Carrarang Station Lifeboat: relic oJ the HMAS Sydney/Kormoran Engagement November 1941. Report - Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, No. 38.

McCartby, M., MacLeod, I. D.,& Manera, B., 1990, Carrarang Lifeboat ex HSK Kormoran, Unpublished Wreck Inspection Report. Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, No. 93.

McCartby, M. & Kirsner, K. eds. 1991, Papers Jrom the HMAS Sydney Forum. Fremantle 21-23 November 1991. Report - Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum No. 52.

McCarthy, M., Baker, P., Godfrey, I., Hutchison, I., & Richards, R., 1992, Gudrun Wreck Inspection Repon. - Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum No. 103.

Robinson, Kevin, 1988, Perseverant survivor's camp. Repon - Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, No. 34.

Sawday, F., Western Australian Maritime Museum, (Shark Bay AntJact List). Working File, Department of Maritime Archaeology, W A Maritime Museum, February, 1997.

Sledge, S., 1978, Wreck inspection north coast. Wl.N.C. expedilion. Report oJ invesligalion oJ shipwreck and historic sites along the north and nonh wesl coasts oJ Western Australia, June-Seplember 1978. Report - Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum No. 11.

Smith, H. J. and Tull, M. T., 1990, The Auslralian fishing induslry: A selecled bibliography. Department of Economics Research Monograph Series No. I .. Murdoch University, Western Australia.

Stanbury, M. and Sawday, F., 1991, A.N.C.O.D.S. 1991. Report and calalogue oJ aneJacls. Special Publication-Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, No. 7.

Stanbury, M., 1987, Historic sites in Shark Bay. Paper presented to the Shark Bay Study Group Seminar. Weaver, F., 1994, Report of the excavations afpreviously disturbed land sites assacillted with the vac ship Zuytdorp, wrecked 1712, Zuytdorp Cliffs, Western Australia. A report to the Western Australian Maritime Museum, Fremantle, Western Australia. Report - Department of Maritime Arcbaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, No. 90.

THESES

Atkinson, A., 1991, Chinese Labour and Capital in Western Australia. Unpublished Ph. d. Thesis. Murdoch University. (Not obtained)

Carmody, R. M., 1970, Shark Bay: its story, 1616-1969. Unpublisbed thesis presented as a final requirement for the Teacbers' Higher Certificate of Education, Department of Western Australia. (In full)

McCartby, M., 1989, Charles Edward Broadbursl, 1826-1905. A Remarkable Nineteenth Century Failure. Unpublisbed, M. Pbil. Thesis, Murdocb University. (Excerpt Vol. 2, Chapter 4, Pearling).

RESEARCH NOTES

Cooper, R., 1993, Shark Bay Legends. (Pearling camps) Ref. No. 210/80, "From Russell Cooper of Geraldton to W AM Dec, 93".

Gibbs, M., 1995, Whaling at Shark Bay. Research nOtes compiled for the Shark Bay maritime history program, Western Australian Maritime Museum.

Gibbs, M., 1996, Dirk Hartog's Post: A report on the site of Ihe 1616 monume nl sile al Cape Inscription, Dirk HarlOg Island and An analysis of historical evidence of the POSIS erecled Ihere. Report, Department of Maritime Archaeology, W A Maritime Museum, No ? (Draft in near final fonn)

Hutcbison, D., 1975, Clay pipe, Monlcey Mia. Memorandum, 6 August 1975. Ref. 124171, 40171 , Department of History, W A Museum.

May, S., 1992, Sbark Bay pearling 1ugger, Galli-Curci. Infonnation sheel. Ref: MH 3/92.

McCartby, M., 1996, The guano industry in Sbark Bay. A transcript and compilation of research nOles compiled for the Sbark Bay maritime history program. Western Australian Maritime Museum.

McCartby, M., 1996, The pearling industry in Shark Bay. A transcript and compilation of research nOtes compiled for the Shark Bay maritime history program not appearing in the author's literature or in U,e material copied for the study. Western Australian Maritime Museum.

McGann, S., 1996, Pearling in Shark Bay. Research notes compiled for the Shark Bay maritime history program, Western Australian Maritime Museum. (2 Vols)

Stanbury, M., 1979, Shark Bay guano. Research notes compiled for the Western Australian Maritime Museum.

Stanbury, M .. 1980, Historic sites in Shark Bay. Research notes compiled for the Western Australian Maritime Museum.

Worsley, P., 1996, Comp., Shark Bay maritime history study. Research notes held by the Geraldton City Library. NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

Daily News,

9 August 1960, "The things you fmd on beaches." (Survivors camps) 9 August 1960, p.8. "Explorers leave their name for posterity." (Survivors camps) ? August 1960, "Beautiful woman solves 142-y-omystery." (Exploration - French)

Guardian Weekly, 27 Dec. 1992, "French renew the Aussie connection."

Gascoyne Gazette 15 Marcb 1994. Grant will uncover past shame.

["'lwer, 20 October 1841, p.? American wbaler Adeline in Shark Bay 19 February 1851, Supplement. "Sbark's Bay." 6 February 1851, "Surveys to the north." 16 August 1889 "a voice from Sbark's Bay."

Northern Times,

26 May 1932, p.2. "Sbark Bay notes." (Pearling-Fishing) 16 June 1932, p.2. "Sbark Bay notes." (Pearling) 17 August 1932, p.2. "Sbark Bay notes." (Peacling) 21 December 1932, p.6. "Adrift in an open lO-footdingby." 11 January 1933, p.2. "Shark Bay notes." (Peacling-Fishing) 15 February 1968, "Exporting salt from north." 15 February 1968, 'WA bolds lead in flSb production." 25 April 1968, p.4. "Historic [wool] shed has new use." 29 August 1968, p.8. "People of Shark Bay." 7 November 1968, p.\. Untitled (Saltworks) 28 November 1968, "Shark Bay news: birthday celebrated by tile bay." 5 December 1968, p.8. "Sbark Bay progress meeting." 29 May 1969, p.9. "Shark Bay personal." (Fisbing turtle) 14 August 1969, pA. Untitled (peacling lugger Galla Curci) 23 October 1969, p.lO. ''Tom Pepper of Peron Peninsula Station." 4 December 1969, p.2. "Shark Bay gypsum." 18 June 1970, p.8. "Facts of the prawning industry." 4 March 1971, p.9. "Sbark Bay-Pearl of the north." 28 September 1972, p.6. "Sbark Bay prawn fisbery."

Sunday Times, 8 July 1962, p.19. "A paradise in the sun." 25 November 1962, p.6." --100,000 prawn plant for Shark Bay."

Unknown news source, ND, p.? Photo title "Wool shipping - Hamelin Pool". (NW Coastal trade).

The West Australian,

21 June 1886, Sbark Bay man fell off brig "Bitter" and drowned while loading pearl sbell. 22 November 1886, ''Tbe Chinese difficulty at Sbark's Bay." 27 December 1890, p. 3g-b. "Shark's Bay notes." 10 June 1891, p. 3c. Deputation of Shark Bay pearlers to Prentier. 29 June 1891, p. 4a-b. "Correspondence-Shark's Bay pearl fisbery." 1 July 1891, "The Shark's Bay pearl fISheries." 6 July 1891, p. 2c-f, 3a. ''Tbe Sbark's Bay pearling indUStry." 30 June 1891, p. 3b-c. Downturn in pearl shell production at Sbark Bay. 20 August 1891, p. 2a-{!. "Correspondence-The Shark's Bay deputation to the Premier." 21 August 1891, p. 2b. "The Sbark's Bay pearl ftSbery question." 10 October 1891, p. 2d-e. "Conespondence-The Shark's Bay pearl ftsheries." 12 October 1891, p. 2d-f. "Conespondence-1be Sbark's Bay pearl ftsileries." 22 August 1891, p.3. 'The Sbark's Bay pearl flSbery question." 9 January 1892, p. 4 b-c. Legislation and the Shark's Bay pearl ftsbery Bill." 18 January 1892, p. 6a-b. "The Sbark's Bay question." 22 January 1892, p. 4c-d. Sbark Bay ftsberies Bill". 25 February 1892, p. 6a-c. "The Sbark's bay pearl fishery. Meeting ofpearlers". 27 February 1892, p. 3a-b. Transcript of meeting of pearletS with the Premier. 29 February 1892, p. 2 b-c. 'The Sbark's Bay pearl fisilery." 24 March 1892, p. 6a-c. Meeting of Sbark Bay pearletS. 27 May 1892, p. 6a. "The Shark's Bay pearling industry." 30 October 1965, p.29. ''Committee to report on fishing." 16 August 1966, p.5. ''Tuna may earn dollars." 24 November 1967, p.14. "Plant needs more fisil to carry on." 18 September 1968, p.? "Salt could affect fisiling indUStry." 11 August 1977, p. 21. "WA prawning study soon." 17 May 1978, p.22 . "Shark Bay ban on fish trawling." 30 May 1978, p.26. ''WA Week-Flasbback in history." 5 December 1980, p?, "Back after 364 years." (Hartog's plate). 15 August 1981, p.12. "Amateur fISherman plundering Shark Bay." 5 December 1981, p?, "Island of history and mystery: In the steps of Dirk Hartog." 21 July 1983, p.3. "Shark Bay mining refused." 10 October 1983, p.67. "ScaJIop men unemployed." 4 May 1984, p.? Sealing Shark Bay's future." (General) 23 May 1988. p.2, "We were not warned, say fisilermen." and "Wreck lures a big crowd." 23 May 1988, p.? "An old coin buys a place in history." (Survivors camp) 14 January 1989, pA. "French connection in a champagne boUle." 26 July, 1992, p.? "A reminder of pioneers." (NW Coastal trade) 19 October, 1992, p.36. "Old pearling lugger heads for honours at home." (No date), ''Useless Loop's useful recyder."

ORAL HISTORY - 1. S. Battye Library, State Library of Western Australia. # Transcripts are provided.

Basseu, 1990, Pearling industry at Shark Bay. Recorder, Melinda Guagliardo.

# Blood, F. M., 1989, Recovery of figurehead from Zuytdorp wreck, 1941. Geraldton Regional Library Oral History Programme. Recorder, Lyn Diepeveen.

Darcey, J., 1989, Fishing and pearling in Shark Bay. Murdoch University Fishing Industry Research and Development Council.

# Fletcher, I., 1966, Shark Bay processing of pearl shell. Recorder, John Thomson. 1 x 60 minute tape. Transcript, 11 pages.

Hawke, F., 1987, Memories of Shark Bay.

# Houl~ R., 1978, Pearling, Shark Bay sheep stations, Shark Bay angora goats, Faure Island. Recorder, Coos Jeffery, 18 September 1978. Tape No. 342, 90 minutes. Transcript 49 pages.

Hoult, R., 1990, Fisiling and pearling in Shark Bay. Murdoch University Fishing Industry Research and Development Council.

# Hugbes, M., 1966, Shark Bay social conditions. Interviewer, John Thomson.

# Mo~ Dr. Philippe, 19--, French scientific work of 200 years ago along the Western Australian coast. Radio interview by B. Bunbury, Social History Uni~ Australian Broadcasting Commission, Perth. # Pepper, T., 1966, Working life on the stations in the Shark Bay area. Inlerviewer, John Thomson.

# Playford, Dc. P., 1988, Wreck of the Zuytdorp for the 'Dutch Connection' . Radio interview by B. Bunbury, Social History Uni~ Australian Broadcasting Commission, Perth.

PHOTOGRAPHS

Costs in reproducing this material was prohibitive. Reliance will be made on the publication of Russell Cooper's notes timed for mid 1997. A large collection of photographs of the Bay and its identities will appear in that work. Mc Kenna Collection, File No. 15, 3 photographs showing a lugger used for lightering cargo and passengers from the State ship MV Koolinda.

MAPS, CHARTS AND PLANS (In large Black Artfollo)

Coptents of tbe AafQlio

I) Manila folder: containing a list of available maps and charts on Shark Bay

2) The So!Uhland Explored mllle folder)

Schilder, Gunler, 1984, The Southland explored. The voyage by Willem Hesselz de Vlamingh in 1696- 97, with the coastal profiles and a (3 part) chart of Western Australia in full size colour reproduction. Uitgeverij, Canaletto te Alphen ann den Rijn. Unmounted in a blue folder

3) Charts

Chart of the west coast of Australia by Phillip P. King, Commander RN. 1818-22 wiill additions by Commander Stokes 1847 and Septimus Roe ESQre, Sharks Bay by CAPTn. Denharn 1859.,. Sheet VIII. In 2 parts. Laminaled.

BA 1056 Australia, West Coast Cape Cuvier to Champion Bay including Shark Bay. 1858-1884, (Last correction 1971) Original and photocopy.

BA 518 Australia, West Coast, Shark Bay. 1858, (Last correction 1963). Photocopy, 3 Parts.

4) Pearljo2 l,icence Areas

Surveyor General, Plan of areas laid out at Shark Bay for exclusive licences under ille Pearl Shell fisheries Act. Copy of original in the possession of the Hoult Family. ID Parts.

5) Shark Bay fisheey inspector's Quarters. PWD WA 24895, 1926 Shark Bay fishery inspector's quarters (Knights Terrace). Photocopies. 4 Parts.

6) Poster

McCarthy, M., & Ruse, J., 1994, Historic Shipwrecks of Western Australia, Tlwse found as of January 1994, Department of Maritime Archaeology, WA Maritime Museum. Frame, T., 1993, HMAS Sydney: loss and cOnJroversy. Hodder and Stougbton, Sydney.

Henderson, G., 1980, Unfinished voyages: Western Australian shipwrecks 1622-1850. University of Westem Australia Press, Nedlands.

Henderson, G. and K-J., 1988, Unfinished voyages: Western Australian shipwrecks 1851-1880. University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands.

Homer, F., 1987, The French reconnaissance. Baudin in Australia 1801-1803. Melbourne University Press.

Kerr, G., 1985, Craft and craftsmen of Australian Fishing 1870-1970. An illustrated oral history. Mains'l Books, Portland, Victoria, pp. 231-257.

Langdon, R., ed., 1984, Where the whalers went. An index to the Pacific ports and islands visited by American whalers and some other ships in the 19th century. Pacific Manuscripts Bureau, Research School of Pacific Studies, the Australian National University, Canberra.

Lefroy, G. c., 1978, The Shark Bay Story, Vanguard Service Print.

McCarthy, M., 1981, Shipwrecks off the Western Australian Coast, Heritage of Australia, the Illustrated Register of the National Estate :115-123, McMiUan, Melbourne.

Montgornery, M., 1983, Who sank the Sydney? Leo Cooper and Associates, Seeker and Warburg Ltd, London.

Sigmond, J.P., and Zuiderbaan, L.H., 1979, Dutch discoveries of Australia: Shipwrecks, treasures and early voyages of the West Coast. Adelaide: Rigby.

Taylor, M., 1985, The pearling industry of Western Australia 1850- 1985. Fisheries Education Publication No. 3.

Winter, B., 1984, H.M.A.S. Sydney: Fact, fantasy and fraud. Boolarong Publications, Brisbane, Queensland.

Articles

Bain, M. A., 1983, Some incidents in the beyday of pearling, Early Days, Journal of the Royal Western Australian Historical Society, 9:1, pp. 37-48.

Bowdler, S, 1990, Arcbaeological research in the Shark Bay region, Western Australia: an introductory repon. [n Berry, P. F., Bradsbaw, S. D. and Wilson, B. R., 1990, Research in Shark Bay. Report of the France-Australe Bicentenary Expedition Committee. Western Australian Museum.

Bowdler, S, 1990, Before Dirk Hanog: Prebistoric archaeological research in the Shark Bay, Western Australia. [n Australian archaeology, No. 30, pp. 46-57.

Bowdler, S., 1986; Arcbaeological research at Sbark Bay, Western Australia, Uniview, 5:4, pp. 6-7.

Broeze, Dr F. 1. A., 1981, Western Australia until 1869: The maritime perspective, Early Days, Journal of the Royal Western Australian Historical Society, 8:5, pp. 39-46, and 8:6, p. 105.

Dickson, R., 1994, They kept this State afloat. Shipbuilders, boat builders and shipwrights of WA, 1829-1929. Repon-Departrnent of Maritime Archaeology, Western Auslralian Maritime Museum, No. 89. pp. 6, 20, 38, 40, 54, 57, 87, 97,125,145, 165,186,193,196.

Department of Conservation and Land management, 1994, Management planning for Sbark Bay, Western Australia. World Heritage, 3.

Green, J., McCarthy, M. and Penrose, J., 1984, Site Inspection by Remote Sensing. Tbe HMAS Sydney searcb: a case study. The Bullelin oJ the Australian Inslitute Jar Maritime Archaeology, 8 1. l