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PEOPLE on the MOVE: an Analysis of International, National and Local Mobility of Kosovo People

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PEOPLE on the MOVE: an Analysis of International, National and Local Mobility of Kosovo People Kosovo Population and Housing Census 2011 FINAL RESULTS PEOPLE ON THE MOVE: an analysis of international, national and local mobility of Kosovo people 21.028 20.035 19.223 15.232 Census Project Multi-Donor Trust Fund All the data reported in this brochure refer to the 2011 Census. The census results include data from 34 municipalities. Due to objective reasons the enumeration could not be carried out in the northern municipalities, which has been recognised by the Census Trust Fund Steering Committee. The Kosovo Agency of Statistics will publish estimates for these municipalities later on. DISCLAIMER This publication has been produced with the assistance of EUCEP, a technical assistance project financed by the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the Kosovo Agency of Statistics and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Technical assistance to the Kosovo Agency of Statistics for the preparation of a Population Census An EU-funded project managed by the European Union Office in Kosovo implemented by Istat, CIRPS- Sapienza University of Rome, ICON-INSTITUT and Rrota Migrants and Non-Migrants Kosovo residents can be described as quite a mobile population: on a total of 1,739,825 individuals enumerated in the census, around 30% experienced at least one migration, most of them just changing their last place of residence inside the country (3 out of 4), the others coming from abroad. That means a remarkable amount of experiences in terms of adaptability to different living conditions and enrichment of one’s cultural background that can be a wealth for the whole country. Resident population by migration status Internal Migrants, 22.5% International Migrants, 7.5% Non Migrants, 70.0% 3 Migrants and Non-Migrants Internal migration balance by municipality code Municipality code Municipality 01 Deçan/Dečani 20 Prizren/Prizren N W E 12 02 Gjakovë/Đakovica 21 Skënderaj/Srbica S 03 Gllogovc/Glogovac 22 Shtime/Štimlje 04 Gjilan/Gnjilane 23 Štrpce/Shtërpcë 05 Dragash/Dragaš 24 Suharekë/Suva Reka 29 11 28 06 Istog/Istok 25 Ferizaj/Uroševac 18 07 Kaçanik/Kačanik 26 Viti/Vitina 08 Klinë/Klina 27 Vushtrri/Vučitrn 27 06 09 Fushë Kosovë/Kosovo 28 Zubin Potok/Zubin Potok Polje 21 19 10 Kamenicë/Kamenica 29 Zvečan/Zveçan 17 15 11 Mitrovicë/Mitrovica 30 Malishevë/Mališevo 08 03 09 10 12 Leposavić/Leposaviq 31 Junik/Junik 34 14 13 Lipjan/Lipljan 32 Mamusha/Mamuša 01 14 Novobërdë/Novo Brdo 33 Hani i Elezit/Đeneral 30 35 Janković 31 13 22 04 15 Obiliq/Obilić 34 Gračanica/Graçanicë 02 16 36 16 Rahovec/Orahovac 35 Ranilug/Ranillug 24 25 17 Pejë/Peć 36 Parteš/Partesh 37 18 Podujevë/Podujevo 37 Klokot-Kllokot 26 19 Pristina 23 07 20 32 33 05 LEGEND Migration balance (%) Important loss: at least -100 (3) Moderate loss: -99.9 to -10 (14) 0 20 40 Remained stable: -9.9 to +10 (5) km Moderate gain: +10.1 to +100 (7) Important gain: over +100 (5) Data not available (3) See definition of migration balance 4 Migrants and Non-Migrants Data on migration collected in the census refer to the last change of place of residence, whenever it took place. The analysis shows that population movements inside Kosovo are leading to a redistribution of population within the municipalities. The most relevant dynamics are taking place around Pristina. While the municipality where the capital city is located shows a notable migratory gain, together with some neighbouring municipalities such as Fushë Kosovo and Graçanicë, some municipalities nearby are loosing a significant amount of population, i.e. Kamenicë and Podujevë. Some of the municipalities at the north-eastern border, on the other hand, have a very limited change in their population due to internal migration: in Istog , Gjakovë and Pejë the migration balance is lower than 1%, showing that pull and push factors roughly even up in those areas. The country has still a marked rural characterization, as just 39% of its population is living in urban settlements. The last changes of residence changed this feature but not as much as one could expect looking at the process of urbanization taking place in other countries. People who were born in rural settlements contributed for more than 85% to the total migration inside Kosovo, but they moved to urban areas only in 1/3 of the cases, the rest being movements to other rural settlements. On the other hand, the opposite flows, i.e. from urban to rural areas, are very rare indeed, accounting for less than 6% of the total internal migration, and confirming that cities have a marked gravitational pull. Rural-rural movements are much more important than rural-urban ones; while inter-urban movements show that Pristina and its surrounding areas have a great attractive power. Glossary: Internal migration corresponds to a change of residence within Kosovo. Only the last reported change of residence is taken into consideration, regardless the period when it took place. Municipalities where there have been more departures than entrances have a negative net-migration, they loose population due to internal movements; on the contrary, municipalities having more people arriving to reside than people leaving for elsewhere in Kosovo have a positive net migration balance. The classification of settlements asrural or urban considered in the census is based on administrative definitions; in some cases, settlements have mixed habitat and do not represent a fully rural or fully urban reality. 5 Migrants and Non-Migrants Migrants and non-migrants (gender ratio) 80.0 % 70.0 % 60.0 % 50.0 % M 40.0 % F 30.0 % 20.0 % 10.0 % 0.0 % Migrant Non-Migrant Most of internal migrations are due to women, that are markedly overrepresented being ¾ of migrants, and only 40% of non-migrant population. The traditional habit entailing that the bride follows her husband in his home is surely an important driver of this gender unbalance. Migrants and non-migrants by educational level (percentage) 70.0 % 60.0 % 50.0 % M migrant 40.0 % M non-migrant F migrant 30.0 % F non-migrant 20.0 % 10.0 % 0.0 % No At most Upper Tertiary completed lower secondary education education 6 Migrants and Non-Migrants As for education, migrants’ profile differs by gender. Men who choose to migrate are usually more educated than sedentary ones, with a higher presence of graduates. The opposite holds for women, as the most educated are overrepresented in the non- migrant group: women with at least an upper secondary diploma are almost 30% of non-migrants, and only 24% of migrants. In this case, education could be related to a looser observance of traditional habits, some of which are a driver for migration. For males, higher the education higher the mobility; this is not true for women, whose internal mobility is mainly linked to marriage. Reason to migrate (inside Kosovo) by gender - % REASON Male Female Total For employment reasons 18.1 1.7 5.8 For education or training purposes 7.1 1.4 2.8 For family reasons 58.2 78.4 73.4 For 1998-1999 war reasons 10.0 2.7 4.5 For other reasons 6.6 15.8 13.5 Total 100 100 100 The reason why people changed their last place of residence for the current one confirms the important role played by the family which is by far the main reason of moving and contributes for almost 3/4 to the total internal migration. Even in this case, there are differences by gender: data show that men migrate also for employment reasons (18%) and education purposes (7%), while for women these two reasons account together just for 3% of their total internal migration. Changing residence in Kosovo is above all linked to some family reason. Yet, men in Kosovo changed their last place of residence also for work or study reasons, which is not the case of women. 7 Coming from Abroad International immigration by municipality (Rates per 100 residents) code Municipality code Municipality 01 Deçan/Dečani 20 Prizren/Prizren N W E 12 02 Gjakovë/Đakovica 21 Skënderaj/Srbica S 03 Gllogovc/Glogovac 22 Shtime/Štimlje 04 Gjilan/Gnjilane 23 Štrpce/Shtërpcë 05 Dragash/Dragaš 24 Suharekë/Suva Reka 29 11 28 06 Istog/Istok 25 Ferizaj/Uroševac 18 07 Kaçanik/Kačanik 26 Viti/Vitina 08 Klinë/Klina 27 Vushtrri/Vučitrn 27 06 09 Fushë Kosovë/Kosovo 28 Zubin Potok/Zubin Potok Polje 21 19 10 Kamenicë/Kamenica 29 Zvečan/Zveçan 17 15 11 Mitrovicë/Mitrovica 30 Malishevë/Mališevo 08 03 09 10 12 Leposavić/Leposaviq 31 Junik/Junik 34 14 13 Lipjan/Lipljan 32 Mamusha/Mamuša 01 14 Novobërdë/Novo Brdo 33 Hani i Elezit/Đeneral 30 35 Janković 31 13 22 04 15 Obiliq/Obilić 34 Gračanica/Graçanicë 02 16 36 16 Rahovec/Orahovac 35 Ranilug/Ranillug 24 25 17 Pejë/Peć 36 Parteš/Partesh 37 18 Podujevë/Podujevo 37 Klokot-Kllokot 26 19 Pristina 23 07 20 32 33 05 LEGEND Immigration rate (%) Data not available (3) < 5 (5) 0 20 40 5 - 6 (7) km 6.1 - 7 (9) 7.1 - 10 (7) >10 (6) 8 Coming from Abroad Immigration from abroad has a strong impact on the size of the population and its geographical distribution. At least 8% of the Kosovan population had their last residence abroad and almost the 40% of those decided to reside in Pristina, Gjilan, Prizren and Ferizaj. The immigration rates clearly show the impact of these migratory flows on the municipality of destination. In Junik, Fushë Kosovo and Deçan over the 13% of the resident population came from abroad; this means that these immigration flows affect also the internal structure of the resident population in terms of demographic and socio economic composition.
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