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Site Characteristics, Instrumentation, and Recordings of the Central United States Seismic Observatory Edward W University of Kentucky UKnowledge Kentucky Geological Survey Report of Kentucky Geological Survey Investigations 2016 Site Characteristics, Instrumentation, and Recordings of the Central United States Seismic Observatory Edward W. Woolery University of Kentucky, [email protected] Zhenming Wang University of Kentucky, [email protected] N. Seth Carpenter University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/kgs_ri Part of the Geology Commons, and the Geophysics and Seismology Commons Repository Citation Woolery, Edward W.; Wang, Zhenming; and Carpenter, N. Seth, "Site Characteristics, Instrumentation, and Recordings of the Central United States Seismic Observatory" (2016). Kentucky Geological Survey Report of Investigations. 38. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/kgs_ri/38 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Kentucky Geological Survey at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kentucky Geological Survey Report of Investigations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Kentucky Geological Survey University of Kentucky, Lexington Site Characteristics, Instrumentation, and Recordings of the Central United States Seismic Observatory Edward W. Woolery, Zhenming Wang, and N. Seth Carpenter Report of Investigations 37 https://doi.org/10.13023/kgs.ri37.12 Series XII, 2016 Our Mission Our mission is to increase knowledge and understanding of the mineral, energy, and water resources, geologic hazards, and geology of Kentucky for the benefit of the Commonwealth and Nation. © 2006 University of Kentucky Earth Resources—OurFor further information Common contact: Wealth Technology Transfer Officer Kentucky Geological Survey 228 Mining and Mineral Resources Building University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40506-0107 www.uky.edu/kgs ISSN 0075-5591 Technical Level Technical Level General Intermediate Technical General Intermediate Technical ISSN 0075-5591 Contents Abstract .........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................2 Site Characteristics ......................................................................................................................................5 Site Stratigraphy .............................................................................................................................5 General ...............................................................................................................................5 Quaternary Alluvium (Pleistocene–Recent) .................................................................6 Jackson Formation (and Possibly Upper Claiborne?) (Oligocene?–Eocene) ............6 Claiborne Group (Lower–Middle Eocene) ....................................................................8 Wilcox Formation (Upper Paleocene–Lower Eocene) .................................................8 Porters Creek Clay (Early Paleocene) ............................................................................8 Clayton-McNairy Formations (Late Cretaceous) .........................................................8 Paleozoic Bedrock .............................................................................................................8 Site Geology ....................................................................................................................................8 General ...............................................................................................................................8 Lines UK-1 and UK-1a .....................................................................................................9 Line UK-2 .........................................................................................................................11 Line UK-3 .........................................................................................................................11 Geologic Site Interpretation and Broader Context .....................................................12 P- and S-Wave Velocity Models.................................................................................................14 Instrumentation and Operation ..............................................................................................................15 Configuration ...............................................................................................................................15 Instrumentation and Metadata ..................................................................................................15 Operational History .....................................................................................................................16 Recordings ..................................................................................................................................................16 Summary ....................................................................................................................................................21 Data and Resources...................................................................................................................................25 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................25 References Cited ........................................................................................................................................26 Figures 1. (a) Map showing seismotectonic and physiographic setting of the study area. (b) Cross section A–A′ showing the relative location of CUSSO within the sediment overburden and central embayment axis .........................................................................................................3 2. Schematic representation of the three-borehole CUSSO array ...............................................5 3. Stratigraphic interpretation of the CUSSO site ..........................................................................6 4. (a) S-wave velocity log and (b) P-wave velocity log at CUSSO ..............................................7 5. Map showing locations of seismic-reflection profiles ..............................................................9 6. Uninterpreted stacked profiles of the east–west-oriented lines (a) UK-1 and (b) UK-1a .. 10 7. (a) Uninterpreted and (b) interpreted stacked profile of the east–west-oriented line UK-2 ...............................................................................................................................................11 8. (a) Uninterpreted and (b) interpreted stacked profiles of the north–south-oriented line UK-3 ...............................................................................................................................................12 9. Map showing relationship of the transpressional feature interpreted between the high- resolution lines UK-1, UK-2, and UK-3 and the lower-resolution line M-21 ......................13 10. Dow Chemical’s Vibroseis line M-21 ........................................................................................14 Figures (Continued) 11. (a) Vertical, north, and east seismograms from an Mw 6.6 teleseismic earthquake record- ed by the calibrated station PVMO and CUSSO’s surface and bedrock seismometers. (b) S-wave arrivals from the Mw 9.0 Tōhoku earthquake recorded on the (rotated) transverse components of CUSSO accelerometers and seismometers ....................................................17 12. Chart summarizing CUSSO’s history .......................................................................................18 13. Maps showing (a) local and regional and (b) teleseismic earthquake locations recorded from CUSSO’s original installation through the April 2011 failure of sensors in the deep hole .......................................................................................................................................19 14. Waveforms recorded on the full CUSSO array from the M 4.7 Arkansas earthquake of Feb. 28, 2011, 308 km to the west-southwest ............................................................................20 15. Graph of acceleration amplitude spectra of the vertical-component recordings of P- and S-waves from the Feb. 28, 2011, magnitude-4.7 earthquake and pre-event noise ......21 16. Graph of vertical-component recordings, scalled individually by trace, of an M 2.3 earthquake 22 km west of CUSSO .............................................................................................22 17. Graphs showing spectral ratios for three earthquakes at the four sequentially instru- mented intervals of the vertical array .......................................................................................23 18. Graph showing average surface-to-bedrock spectral ratio and average horizontal-to- vertical spectral ratio at the surface averaged from three earthquakes ...............................24 19. Graph showing horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios of the bedrock seismometer record- ings for the three earthquakes used in Figures 11 and 12 and their average ......................24 1
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