Analysis of Regional Aquifers in the Central Midwest Of

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Analysis of Regional Aquifers in the Central Midwest Of ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL AQUIFERS IN THE CENTRAL MIDWEST OF THE UNITED STATES IN KANSAS, NEBRASKA, AND PARTS OF ARKANSAS, COLORADO MISSOURI, NEW MEXICO, OKLAHOMA, SOUTH DAKOTA, TEXAS, AND WYOMING SUMMARY J SOUTH DAKOTA WVOM/NG NEW MEXICO ._.__} TEXAS \ U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 141,4-A AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE US. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the current- year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Survey publica­ tions released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that may be listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" may be no longer available. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books and Maps Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Tech­ Books and maps of the U.S. Geological Survey are available niques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications over the counter at the following U.S. Geological Survey Earth Sci­ of general interest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single ence Information Centers (ESIC's), all of which are authorized copies of Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, and some mis­ agents of the Superintendent of Documents: cellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of Documents, are obtain­ ANCHORAGE, Alaska Rm. 101, 4230 University Dr. able by mail from LAKEWOOD, Colorado Federal Center, Bldg. 810 U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services MENLO PARK, California Bldg. 3, Rm. 3128, 345 Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 MiddlefieldRd. RESTON, Virginia USGS National Center, Rm. 1C402, Subscriptions to Preliminary Determination of Epicenters can 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr. be obtained ONLY from the SALT LAKE CITY, Utah Federal Bldg., Rm. 8105, 125 Superintendent of Documents South State St. Government Printing Office SPOKANE, Washington U.S. Post Office Bldg., Rm. 135, Washington, DC 20402 West 904 Riverside Ave. WASHINGTON, D.C. Main Interior Bldg., Rm. 2650, 18th (Check or money order must be payable to Superintendent of Documents.) andCSts.,NW. Maps Only Maps Maps may be purchased over the counter at the following For maps, address mail orders to U.S. Geological Survey office: U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 ROLLA, Missouri 1400 Independence Rd. Analysis of Regional Aquifers in the Central Midwest of the United States in Kansas, Nebraska, and Parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming Summary By DONALD G. JORGENSEN, JOHN O. HELGESEN, DONALD C. SIGNOR, ROBERT B. LEONARD, JEFFREY L. IMES, and SCOTT C. CHRISTENSON REGIONAL AQUIFER-SYSTEM ANALYSIS CENTRAL MIDWEST U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1 4 1 4 A U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Jorgensen, Donald G. Analysis of regional aquifers in the central Midwest of the United States in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: summary/ by Donald G. Jorgensen...[et. al.]. 67 p. cm. (Regional aquifer-system analysis Central Midwest) (U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1414-A) Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-67). Supt. of Docs. no. I 19.16:1414-A 1. Aquifers Middle West. I. Jorgensen, Donald G. II. Series. Ill Series: U.S. Geological Survey professional paper : 1414-A. GB1199.3.M54A63 1996. 553.7'9'0977-dc20 96-27549 CIP ISBN 0-607-87032-X For sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. FOREWORD THE REGIONAL AQUIFER-SYSTEM ANALYSIS PROGRAM The Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) Program was started in 1978 following a congressional mandate to develop quantitative apprais­ als of the major ground-water systems of the United States. The RASA Program represents a systematic effort to study a number of the Nation's most important aquifer systems, which in aggregate underlie much of the country and which represent an important component of the Nation's total water supply. In general, the boundaries of these studies are identified by the hydrologic extent of each system and accordingly transcend the political subdivisions to which investigations have often arbitrarily been limited in the past. The broad objective for each study is to assemble geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical information, to analyze and develop an under­ standing of the system, and to develop predictive capabilities that will contribute to the effective management of the system. The use of computer simulation is an important element of the RASA studies, both to develop an understanding of the natural, undisturbed hydrologic system and the changes brought about in it by human activities, and to provide a means of predicting the regional effects of future pumping or other stresses. The final interpretive results of the RASA Program are presented in a series of U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers that describe the geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of each regional aquifer system. Each study within the RASA Program is assigned a single Professional Paper number, and where the volume of interpretive material warrants, separate topical chapters that consider the principal elements of the investigation may be published. The series of RASA interpretive reports begins with Professional Paper 1400 and thereafter will continue in numerical sequence as the interpretive products of subsequent studies become available. Gordon P. Eaton Director CONTENTS Page Pago Abstract..................................................................................... Al Use and Potential ................................................. A32 Introduction............................................................................... 2 Great Plains Aquifer System .......................................... 34 Purpose and Scope ............................................................... 2 Geohydrologic Units ............................................. 34 Physical Setting ................................................................... 2 Properties............................................................. 36 Study Approach ................................................................... 3 Model Analysis and Hydrologic Budget ................ 37 Acknowledgments................................................................. 5 Use and Potential ................................................. 40 Geology and Paleohydrology ...................................................... 8 Great Plains Confining System and Related Hydrologic Geohydrology............................................................................. 18 Units........................................................................ 46 Plains Subregion................................................................... 19 Ozark Subregion................................................................... 47 Western Interior Plains Aquifer System ......................... 19 Ozark Plateaus Aquifer System ...................................... 48 Geohydrologic Units ............................................. 19 Properties............................................................. 21 Geohydrologic Units ............................................. 49 Model Analysis and Hydrologic Budget ................ 24 Properties............................................................. 53 Use and Potential ................................................. 28 Model Analysis and Hydrologic Budget ................ 55 Western Interior Plains Confining System ..................... 28 Use and Potential ................................................. 56 Geologic Definition and Correlation ...................... 28 Geochemistry of Regional Aquifers ............................................ 62 Properties............................................................. 31 References Cited......................................................................... 65 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES 1-6. Maps showing: 1. Location and extent of study area ................................................................................................................................. A3 2. Regional aquifer-system analyses contiguous to the Central Midwest regional aquifer-system analysis ........................ 4 3. Physiographic subdivisions............................................................................................................................................ 5 4. Climatic characteristics of central United States, 1931-60 ............................................................................................ 6 5. Estimated annual recharge to exposed geohydrologic units of the Central Midwest RASA, 1951-80 ............................ 7 6. Regional geology of central United States ....................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Idaho Profile Idaho Facts
    Idaho Profile Idaho Facts Name: Originally suggested for Colorado, the name “Idaho” was used for a steamship which traveled the Columbia River. With the discovery of gold on the Clearwater River in 1860, the diggings began to be called the Idaho mines. “Idaho” is a coined or invented word, and is not a derivation of an Indian phrase “E Dah Hoe (How)” supposedly meaning “gem of the mountains.” Nickname: The “Gem State” Motto: “Esto Perpetua” (Let it be perpetual) Discovered By Europeans: 1805, the last of the 50 states to be sighted Organized as Territory: March 4, 1863, act signed by President Lincoln Entered Union: July 3, 1890, 43rd state to join the Union Official State Language: English Geography Total Area: 83,569 square miles – 14th in area size (read more) Water Area: 926 square miles Highest Elevation: 12,662 feet above sea level at the summit of Mt. Borah, Custer County in the Lost River Range Lowest Elevation: 770 feet above sea level at the Snake River at Lewiston Length: 164/479 miles at shortest/longest point Width: Geographic 45/305 miles at narrowest/widest point Center: Number of settlement of Custer on the Yankee Fork River, Custer County Lakes: Navigable more than 2,000 Rivers: Largest Snake, Coeur d’Alene, St. Joe, St. Maries and Kootenai Lake: Lake Pend Oreille, 180 square miles Temperature Extremes: highest, 118° at Orofino July 28, 1934; lowest, -60° at Island Park Dam, January 18, 1943 2010 Population: 1,567,582 (US Census Bureau) Official State Holidays New Year’s Day January 1 Martin Luther King, Jr.-Human Rights Day Third Monday in January Presidents Day Third Monday in February Memorial Day Last Monday in May Independence Day July 4 Labor Day First Monday in September Columbus Day Second Monday in October Veterans Day November 11 Thanksgiving Day Fourth Thursday in November Christmas December 25 Every day appointed by the President of the United States, or by the governor of this state, for a public fast, thanksgiving, or holiday.
    [Show full text]
  • East and Central Farming and Forest Region and Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region: 12 Lrrs N and S
    East and Central Farming and Forest Region and Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region: 12 LRRs N and S Brad D. Lee and John M. Kabrick 12.1 Introduction snowfall occurs annually in the Ozark Highlands, the Springfield Plateau, and the St. Francois Knobs and Basins The central, unglaciated US east of the Great Plains to the MLRAs. In the southern half of the region, snowfall is Atlantic coast corresponds to the area covered by LRR N uncommon. (East and Central Farming and Forest Region) and S (Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region). These regions roughly correspond to the Interior Highlands, Interior Plains, 12.2.2 Physiography Appalachian Highlands, and the Northern Coastal Plains. The topography of this region ranges from broad, gently rolling plains to steep mountains. In the northern portion of 12.2 The Interior Highlands this region, much of the Springfield Plateau and the Ozark Highlands is a dissected plateau that includes gently rolling The Interior Highlands occur within the western portion of plains to steeply sloping hills with narrow valleys. Karst LRR N and includes seven MLRAs including the Ozark topography is common and the region has numerous sink- Highlands (116A), the Springfield Plateau (116B), the St. holes, caves, dry stream valleys, and springs. The region also Francois Knobs and Basins (116C), the Boston Mountains includes many scenic spring-fed rivers and streams con- (117), Arkansas Valley and Ridges (118A and 118B), and taining clear, cold water (Fig. 12.2). The elevation ranges the Ouachita Mountains (119). This region comprises from 90 m in the southeastern side of the region and rises to 176,000 km2 in southern Missouri, northern and western over 520 m on the Springfield Plateau in the western portion Arkansas, and eastern Oklahoma (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Geography of the United States and Canada: a Land of Contrasts S
    Chapter 5 Guided Notes _________________________________________________________________________________________ NAME Physical Geography of the United States and Canada: A Land of Contrasts s North America’s vast and varied landscape and abundant resources have attracted immigrants and shaped the development of the United States and Canada. Section 1: Landforms and Resources The United States and Canada have vast lands and abundant resources. These two countries share many of the same landforms. Landscape Influenced Development U.S., Canada: former British colonies, most people speak English Strong economic and political ties with one another Vast Lands Canada second largest country in the world by area; U.S. third Together they cover one-eighth of the earth’s land surface Abundant Resources Landmass and natural resources attract immigrants to both countries U.S. and Canada have developed into global economic powers Many and Varied Landforms All major landforms are found in U.S. and Canada; The two countries share mountain chains and interior plains The Appalachian Highlands Appalachian Mountains run 1,600 miles from Newfoundland to Alabama; More than 400 million years old o include Green and Catskill mountains in the north; Blue Ridge and Great Smoky mountains in the south Erosion has created gentle slopes, peaks from 1,200–2,400 feet The Appalachian Trail is a scenic hiking path along the chain The Interior Lowlands Great Plains extend from Missouri River to Rocky Mountains; Interior Plains extend from Appalachians
    [Show full text]
  • Landforms and Resources
    Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Physical Geography of the United States and Canada Section 1 Landforms and Resources Terms and Names Appalachian Mountains major mountain chain in the eastern United States and Canada Great Plains largely treeless area in the interior lowlands Canadian Shield rocky, flat area that surrounds Hudson Bay Rocky Mountains mountain chain in the western United States and Canada Continental Divide line of the highest points in the Rockies that marks the separation between rivers flowing to the east and to the west Great Lakes five large lakes found in the central United States and Canada Mackenzie River Canada’s longest river Before You Read In the last chapter, you read about human geography–the way humans in general relate to their environment. In this section, you will learn about the physical features and resources of the United States and Canada. As You Read Use a graphic organizer to take notes about the landforms and resources of the United States and Canada. LANDSCAPE INFLUENCED The United States and Canada are rich DEVELOPMENT (Page 117) in natural resources. They have much How vast are these countries? fertile soil and water and many forests and The United States and Canada occupy the minerals. This geographic richness has central and northern four-fifths of the attracted immigrants from around the continent of North America. Culturally, the world for centuries. region is known as Anglo America. This is 1. What binds Canada and the United because both countries were colonies of States together? Great Britain at one time and because most of _______________________________ the people speak English.
    [Show full text]
  • Laurentide Ice Sheet Retreat Around 8000 Years Ago Occurred Over Western Quebec (700-900 Meters/Year)
    The retreat chronology of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last 10,000 years and implications for deglacial sea-level rise David Ullman University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Geoscience Author Profile Shortcut URL: https://serc.carleton.edu/59463 Location Continent: North America Country: Canada State/Province:Quebec, Labrador City/Town: UTM coordinates and datum: none Setting Climate Setting: Tectonic setting: Type: Chronology Show caption Show caption Show caption Description Much of the world's population is located along the coasts. In a world of changing climate, the rate of sea level rise will determine the ability of these communities to adapt to sea level rise. Perhaps the greatest uncertainty in sea level rise prediction has to do with amount of water melting off of Earth's major ice sheets. Recent decades have seen an accelerated loss of ice from Greenland and Antarctica. These bodies of ice may be prone to change more rapid than expected. Greenland and Antarctica contain enough frozen water, which, if melted could raise sea level by 70 m, but predictions on the rate at which this sea level rise could occur depend on scientists' understanding of the complex physics of ice flow (and on future climate scenarios). Paleoclimate researchers study past climates in hopes of developing a better understanding of our current and future climates. Similarly, understanding past ice sheets will aid in future prediction of ice sheet change. At the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, roughly 20,000 years ago, much of Earth in the northern hemisphere was covered in vast ice sheets.
    [Show full text]
  • Bedrock Valleys of the New England Coast As Related to Fluctuations of Sea Level
    Bedrock Valleys of the New England Coast as Related to Fluctuations of Sea Level By JOSEPH E. UPSON and CHARLES W. SPENCER SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 454-M Depths to bedrock in coastal valleys of New England, and nature of sedimentary Jill resulting from sea-level fluctuations in Pleistocene and Recent time UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director The U.S. Geological Survey Library has cataloged this publication, as follows: Upson, Joseph Edwin, 1910- Bedrock valleys of the New England coast as related to fluctuations of sea level, by Joseph E. Upson and Charles W. Spencer. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1964. iv, 42 p. illus., maps, diagrs., tables. 29 cm. (U.S. Geological Survey. Professional paper 454-M) Shorter contributions to general geology. Bibliography: p. 39-41. (Continued on next card) Upson, Joseph Edwin, 1910- Bedrock valleys of the New England coast as related to fluctuations of sea level. 1964. (Card 2) l.Geology, Stratigraphic Pleistocene. 2.Geology, Stratigraphic Recent. S.Geology New England. I.Spencer, Charles Winthrop, 1930-joint author. ILTitle. (Series) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Configuration and depth of bedrock valleys, etc. Con. Page Abstract.__________________________________________ Ml Buried valleys of the Boston area. _ _______________
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Ecoregions in Latin America 5
    Chapter 1 Soil EcoregionsSoil Ecoregions in Latin Latin America America Boris Volkoff Martial Bernoux INTRODUCTION Large soil units generally reflect bioclimatic environments (the concept of zonal soils). Soil maps thus represent summary documents that integrate all environmental factors involved. The characteristics of soils represent the environmental factors that control the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) and determine both their accumulation and degradation. Soil maps thus rep- resent a basis for quantitative studies on the accumulation processes of soil organic carbon (SOC) in soils in different spatial scales. From this point of view, however, and in particular if one is interested in general scales (large semicontinental regions), soil maps have several disadvantages. First, most soil maps take into account the intrinsic factors of the soils, thus the end results of the formation processes, rather than the processes themselves. These processes are the factors that are directly related to envi- ronmental conditions, whereas the characteristics of the soils can be inher- ited (paleosols and paleoalterations) and might no longer be in equilibrium with the present environment. Second, soils seldom are homogenous spatial entities. The soil cover is in reality a juxtaposition of several distinct soils that might differ to various degrees (from similar to highly contrasted), and might be either genetically linked or entirely disconnected. This spatial heterogeneity reflects the con- ditions in which the soils were formed and is expressed differently accord- ing to the substrates and the topography. The heterogeneity also depends on the duration of evolution of soils and the geomorphologic history, either re- gional or local, as well as on climatic gradients, which are particularly obvi- ous in mountain areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Heat Index Climatology for the North-Central United States
    HEAT INDEX CLIMATOLOGY FOR THE NORTH-CENTRAL UNITED STATES Todd Rieck National Weather Service La Crosse, Wisconsin 1. Introduction middle Mississippi River Valleys, and the western Great Lakes. Also, the physiological Heat is an underrated danger, with an response to heat will be briefly investigated, average of 175 Americans losing their lives including a review of how heat acclimatization annually from heat-related causes. According to affects the human body’s biology. This the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, protective biological response is an important from 1979-2003 excessive heat exposure consideration when evaluating the impact of the caused 8,015 deaths in the United States. heat on those that are, or are not, acclimatized During this period, more people died from to the heat. extreme heat than from hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes, and floods combined. In this study, 95°F will be used as the start for the climatological analysis as prolonged Heat kills by taxing the human body beyond exposure to heat this warm increases the risk of its ability to cool itself. Cooling is primarily sunstroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion accomplished by the evaporation of perspiration. (Table 1) . How efficiently this process functions is directly related to the amount of water vapor in the air. 2. Data High moisture content reduces the evaporative cooling rate of perspiration, making it difficult for All available weather observations from the the body to maintain a steady and safe internal National Climatic Data Center were used from temperature. One way to measure the 192 locations (Fig. 1), extending from Utah to combined effect of temperature and moisture on Michigan, and from the Canadian-U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • THE INTERIOR PLAINS 23 the Interior Plains.—The Interior Plains Division of Canada Is Part of a Great Plains Region in The
    THE INTERIOR PLAINS 23 The Interior Plains.—The Interior Plains division of Canada is part of a great plains region in the interior of the continent stretching from the gulf of Mexico to the Arctic ocean. In Canada it extends from the Canadian Shield on the east to the Cordillera on the west. At the United States border it has a width of 800 miles but in the extreme northwest at the mouth of the Mackenzie river it is less than 100 miles wide. Throughout most of the region the underlying Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary rocks are nearly flat-lying. In the northwestern part of the area, however, the Franklin range, which lies between Great Bear lake and Mackenzie river, is composed of folded strata. In western Alberta, also, the rocks are folded and faulted. Geologically the region falls into three zones. On the east a narrow plain known as the Manitoba Lowland is developed on flat-lying Palaeozoic strata which range in age from Ordovician to Devonian. In Manitoba the Ordovician beds rest on the Precambrian rocks of the Canadian Shield and commonly present a low escarpment facing the Shield. To the northwest this zone broadens to form the Mackenzie Lowland. Here over wide areas Silurian measures form the base of the Palaeozoic section. In the Franklin mountains, however, red quartzites and sand­ stones of the Mount Clark formation are regarded as of probable Lower Cambrian age. They are succeeded by Middle and Upper Cambrian sandstones and shales. Beds regarded as of probable Ordovician age are also known to occur at the base of mount Kindle east of Wrigley and beneath the Silurian dolomite of the Great Slave Lake area.
    [Show full text]
  • Interior Plains Region Might Vary
    124-155_Ch05_F4 2/1/07 7:30 PM Page 124 CHAPTER Interior Plains 5 Land of Open Skies n the late 1700s, explorer and mapmaker David Thompson I travelled west after exploring the Canadian Shield. He kept a journal as he travelled, and this is how he described the region that would be called the Interior Plains. What I now relate is of the great body of dry land at the east foot of the mountains, the northern part of the forests, and the southern part of the plains, through which roll the Bow and Saskatchewan Rivers with their many branches. The Bow River flows through the most pleasant of the plains, and is the great resort of the bison and the red deer. The snow of the glaciers of the mountains, which everywhere border the west side of these plains, furnish water to form many rivers. The rivers that roll through this immense unbroken body of land of plains and forests are beautifully distributed... The climate is good, the winters about five months, the summers are warm, and the autumn has many fine days. The soil is rich and deep... and agriculture will succeed... 124 124-155_Ch05_F4 2/1/07 7:30 PM Page 125 Canada: Our Stories Continue The Interior Plains is a large region that covers parts of ? Critical Inquiry TIP Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, as well as parts of the Northwest Territories and Yukon Territory. This region is Retrieving fairly flat, with low hills. It has areas of grassland, wooded Look at graphs, maps, tables, charts, and parkland, and large northern forests.
    [Show full text]
  • AAR Chapter 2
    Go back to opening screen 9 Chapter 2 Physical/Geographical Characteristics of the Arctic –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Contents 2.2.1. Climate boundaries 2.1. Introduction . 9 On the basis of temperature, the Arctic is defined as the area 2.2. Definitions of the Arctic region . 9 2.2.1. Climate boundaries . 9 north of the 10°C July isotherm, i.e., north of the region 2.2.2. Vegetation boundaries . 9 which has a mean July temperature of 10°C (Figure 2·1) 2.2.3. Marine boundary . 10 (Linell and Tedrow 1981, Stonehouse 1989, Woo and Gre- 2.2.4. Geographical coverage of the AMAP assessment . 10 gor 1992). This isotherm encloses the Arctic Ocean, Green- 2.3. Climate and meteorology . 10 2.3.1. Climate . 10 land, Svalbard, most of Iceland and the northern coasts and 2.3.2. Atmospheric circulation . 11 islands of Russia, Canada and Alaska (Stonehouse 1989, 2.3.3. Meteorological conditions . 11 European Climate Support Network and National Meteoro- 2.3.3.1. Air temperature . 11 2.3.3.2. Ocean temperature . 12 logical Services 1995). In the Atlantic Ocean west of Nor- 2.3.3.3. Precipitation . 12 way, the heat transport of the North Atlantic Current (Gulf 2.3.3.4. Cloud cover . 13 Stream extension) deflects this isotherm northward so that 2.3.3.5. Fog . 13 2.3.3.6. Wind . 13 only the northernmost parts of Scandinavia are included. 2.4. Physical/geographical description of the terrestrial Arctic 13 Cold water and air from the Arctic Ocean Basin in turn 2.4.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment
    NEW ENGLAND CLEAN ENERGY CONNECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT DOE/EA-2155 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ELECTRICITY WASHINGTON, DC JANUARY 2021 This page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................. V FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................ V TABLES .......................................................................................................................................... V ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................ VII 1. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PRESIDENTIAL PERMITS .................................................................................................... 2 1.2 SCOPE OF DOE’S ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW ................................................................ 2 1.3 RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS .......................................................................... 3 1.3.1 Department of the Army Environmental Assessment and Statement of Findings for the Above-Referenced Standard Individual Permit Application [i.e., CENAE-RDC; NAE-2017-01342]” (July 7, 2020) and Environmental Assessment Addendum; Central Maine Power Company (CMP); New England Clean Energy Connect (NECEC); File No. NAE-2017-01342
    [Show full text]