New England and Northern New York Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: a Report from the New England Climate Change Response Framework Project
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Department of Planning and Zoning
Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only -
Willows of Interior Alaska
1 Willows of Interior Alaska Dominique M. Collet US Fish and Wildlife Service 2004 2 Willows of Interior Alaska Acknowledgements The development of this willow guide has been made possible thanks to funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service- Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge - order 70181-12-M692. Funding for printing was made available through a collaborative partnership of Natural Resources, U.S. Army Alaska, Department of Defense; Pacific North- west Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture; National Park Service, and Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior; and Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks. The data for the distribution maps were provided by George Argus, Al Batten, Garry Davies, Rob deVelice, and Carolyn Parker. Carol Griswold, George Argus, Les Viereck and Delia Person provided much improvement to the manuscript by their careful editing and suggestions. I want to thank Delia Person, of the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, for initiating and following through with the development and printing of this guide. Most of all, I am especially grateful to Pamela Houston whose support made the writing of this guide possible. Any errors or omissions are solely the responsibility of the author. Disclaimer This publication is designed to provide accurate information on willows from interior Alaska. If expert knowledge is required, services of an experienced botanist should be sought. Contents -
White Spruce (Sw) - Picea Glauca
White spruce (Sw) - Picea glauca Tree Species > White spruce Page Index Distribution Range and Amplitiudes Tolerances and Damaging Agents Silvical Characteristics Genetics and Notes BC Distribution of White spruce (Sw) Range of White spruce An open canopy stand of white spruce and trembling aspen on Morice River alluvial terrace. Pure white spruce stands are infrequent in th fire-disturbed, montane boreal landscape. Geographic Range and Ecological Amplitudes Description White spruce is a medium-sized (occasionally >55 m tall), evergreen conifer, with a fairly symmetrical, conical crown, a regular branching pattern that often extends to the ground, and a smooth, dark gray, scaly bark. The wood of white spruce is light, straight grained, and resilient. It is used primarily for lumber and pulp. Geographic Range Geographic element: North American transcontinental-incomplete Distribution in Western North America: (north) in the Pacific region; north and central in the Cordilleran region Ecological Climatic amplitude: Amplitudes subarctic – subalpine boreal – montane boreal – (cool temperate) Orographic amplitude: montane – subalpine Occurrence in biogeoclimatic zones: SWB, (ESSF), MS, BWBS, SBS, SBPS, (IDF), (ICH), (northern CWH) Edaphic Amplitude Range of soil moisture regimes: (very dry) – moderately dry – slightly dry – fresh – moist – very moist – wet Range of soil nutrient regimes: (very poor) – poor – medium – rich – very rich In the BWBS zone, white spruce grows well on medium and rich sites providing a Moder humus formation exists. Wildfires are the major disturbance factor in re-establishing a white spruce stand when acidic Mors begin to develop, a humus form which favors the regeneration and growth of black spruce. Without the fires, the more shade-tolerant black spruce would become a dominant species and form a climatic climax stand. -
Idaho Profile Idaho Facts
Idaho Profile Idaho Facts Name: Originally suggested for Colorado, the name “Idaho” was used for a steamship which traveled the Columbia River. With the discovery of gold on the Clearwater River in 1860, the diggings began to be called the Idaho mines. “Idaho” is a coined or invented word, and is not a derivation of an Indian phrase “E Dah Hoe (How)” supposedly meaning “gem of the mountains.” Nickname: The “Gem State” Motto: “Esto Perpetua” (Let it be perpetual) Discovered By Europeans: 1805, the last of the 50 states to be sighted Organized as Territory: March 4, 1863, act signed by President Lincoln Entered Union: July 3, 1890, 43rd state to join the Union Official State Language: English Geography Total Area: 83,569 square miles – 14th in area size (read more) Water Area: 926 square miles Highest Elevation: 12,662 feet above sea level at the summit of Mt. Borah, Custer County in the Lost River Range Lowest Elevation: 770 feet above sea level at the Snake River at Lewiston Length: 164/479 miles at shortest/longest point Width: Geographic 45/305 miles at narrowest/widest point Center: Number of settlement of Custer on the Yankee Fork River, Custer County Lakes: Navigable more than 2,000 Rivers: Largest Snake, Coeur d’Alene, St. Joe, St. Maries and Kootenai Lake: Lake Pend Oreille, 180 square miles Temperature Extremes: highest, 118° at Orofino July 28, 1934; lowest, -60° at Island Park Dam, January 18, 1943 2010 Population: 1,567,582 (US Census Bureau) Official State Holidays New Year’s Day January 1 Martin Luther King, Jr.-Human Rights Day Third Monday in January Presidents Day Third Monday in February Memorial Day Last Monday in May Independence Day July 4 Labor Day First Monday in September Columbus Day Second Monday in October Veterans Day November 11 Thanksgiving Day Fourth Thursday in November Christmas December 25 Every day appointed by the President of the United States, or by the governor of this state, for a public fast, thanksgiving, or holiday. -
Tamarack (Larix Laricina) by Joyce Tuharsky
Natives to Know: Tamarack (Larix Laricina) By Joyce Tuharsky One of our northernmost trees, the hardy Tamarack is a slender-trunked, conical tree that grows 50-75 feet tall. The needles are a bright blue-green and surprisingly soft. They grow in tight spirals around short knobby spurs along the twigs. Tamaracks are among the few conifers that lose their needles in autumn. Just before the needles drop, the needles turn a beautiful golden-yellow. Tamarack cones are egg-shaped and among the smallest: less than an inch long. The bark is tight and flaky. Under this flaking bark, the wood appears reddish, giving the tree an interesting appearance even without needles. Very cold tolerant, Tamaracks are able to survive temperatures down to −85 °F. They are commonly found at the arctic tree line where it grows as a shrub. In more southerly locations, Tamaracks are normally found in wet soils in swamps, bogs and along lake edges. They are among the first trees to invade filled-lake bogs and are fairly well adapted to reproduce after a fire. However, because of its thin bark and shallow root system, the tree itself does not stand up well to fire. Also, the seedlings do not establish well in shade. Consequently, other more shade tolerant species eventually succeed Tamaracks. Tamaracks are native to much of Canada and south into the northeastern US from Minnesota to West Virginia. Because obits extensive range, the tree is known by many names: American Larch, Eastern Larch, Red Larch, and Hackmatack. The name “Tamarack” is Algonquian and means "wood used for snowshoes."Indeed, because Tamarack wood is very sturdy, yet flexible in thin strips, Native Americans used the wood and roots for many things: snowshoes, toboggans, sewing edges of canoes, and weaving twined bags. -
Landforms and Resources
Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Physical Geography of the United States and Canada Section 1 Landforms and Resources Terms and Names Appalachian Mountains major mountain chain in the eastern United States and Canada Great Plains largely treeless area in the interior lowlands Canadian Shield rocky, flat area that surrounds Hudson Bay Rocky Mountains mountain chain in the western United States and Canada Continental Divide line of the highest points in the Rockies that marks the separation between rivers flowing to the east and to the west Great Lakes five large lakes found in the central United States and Canada Mackenzie River Canada’s longest river Before You Read In the last chapter, you read about human geography–the way humans in general relate to their environment. In this section, you will learn about the physical features and resources of the United States and Canada. As You Read Use a graphic organizer to take notes about the landforms and resources of the United States and Canada. LANDSCAPE INFLUENCED The United States and Canada are rich DEVELOPMENT (Page 117) in natural resources. They have much How vast are these countries? fertile soil and water and many forests and The United States and Canada occupy the minerals. This geographic richness has central and northern four-fifths of the attracted immigrants from around the continent of North America. Culturally, the world for centuries. region is known as Anglo America. This is 1. What binds Canada and the United because both countries were colonies of States together? Great Britain at one time and because most of _______________________________ the people speak English. -
Contemporary Status, Distribution, and Trends of Mixedwoods in the Northern United States1 Lance A
881 ARTICLE Contemporary status, distribution, and trends of mixedwoods in the northern United States1 Lance A. Vickers, Benjamin O. Knapp, John M. Kabrick, Laura S. Kenefic, Anthony W. D’Amato, Christel C. Kern, David A. MacLean, Patricia Raymond, Kenneth L. Clark, Daniel C. Dey, and Nicole S. Rogers Abstract: As interest in managing and maintaining mixedwood forests in the northern United States (US) grows, so does the importance of understanding their abundance and distribution. We analyzed Forest Inventory and Analysis data for insights into mixedwood forests spanning 24 northern US states from Maine south to Maryland and westward to Kansas and North Dakota. Mixedwoods, i.e., forests with both hardwoods and softwoods present but neither exceeding 75%–80% of composition, comprise more than 19 million hectares and more than one-quarter of the northern US forest. They are most common in the Adirondack – New England, Laurentian, and Northeast ecological provinces but also occur elsewhere in hardwood-dominated ecological provinces. These mixtures are common even within forest types nominally categorized as either hardwood or softwood. The most common hardwoods within those mixtures were species of Quercus and Acer,and the most common softwoods were species of Pinus, Tsuga,andJuniperus. Although mixedwoods exhibited stability in total area during our analysis period, hardwood saplings were prominent, suggesting widespread potential for eventual shifts to hardwood dominance in the absence of disturbances that favor regeneration of the softwood component. Our analyses sug- gest that while most mixedwood plots remained mixedwoods, harvesting commonly shifts mixedwoods to either hard- wood- or softwood-dominated cover types, but more specific information is needed to understand the causes of these shifts. -
Chamaecyparis Thyoides)
Disease Resistance and Aesthetic Evaluation of Atlantic White Cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) David R. Sandrock, Michael A. Dirr and Jean Williams-Woodward Horticulture and Plant Pathology - Athens, UGA Since the original cross in 1888, Leyland cypress (xCupressocyparis leylandii) has been planted worldwide. Its rapid upright growth and evergreen foliage make it a popular choice among consumers for windbreaks, hedges, screens, specimens and Christmas trees. However, Leyland cypress is susceptible to at least two fungal pathogens, Seiridium and Botryosphaeria. These pathogens cause canker development which leads to the death of branches and eventually kills the plant. This it is necessary to search for an alternative needle evergreen with similar aesthetic characteristics but greater disease resistance. A possible plant for this role is Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides). My research consists of two objectives. The first is to screen Atlantic white cedar clones for resistance to Seiridium and Botryosphaeria. The second objective is to select superior taxa of Atlantic white cedar for production based on disease resistance, aesthetic characteristics, growth habits and performance in both field and nursery conditions. The disease screening experiment was initialed in the Fall of 1998. Seiridium, Botryodiplodia and Fusicoccum were isolated from infected branches of Leyland cypress and grown in pure culture. Plants for testing were vegetatively propagated during Fall, 1997. The disease resistance screening experiment consisted of 4 completely randomized blocks of 60 one- gallon plants. Each block contained 10 single-plant replications of 5 clones of Atlantic white cedar and one Leyland cypress. Plants were wounded with a wood rasp at a point on the stem measuring approximately 1 cm in diameter. -
Picea Glauca Common Name: White Spruce Family Name: Pinaceae
Plant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II Botanical Name: Picea glauca Common Name: white spruce Family Name: Pinaceae – pine family General Description: Picea glauca is a large evergreen conifer widely distributed across the northern parts of North America. It is not, however, native to the Chicago area. The straight species is not considered highly ornamental compared to other spruces but with its ability to withstand cold, heat, wind and drought it is a very serviceable tree especially when used as a wind break. There are a few varieties and cultivars available in the trade. The most commonly used cultivar is Picea glauca ‘Conica’ (sometimes listed as P. glauca var. conica). Zone: 2-6 Resources Consulted: Dirr, Michael A. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses. Champaign: Stipes, 2009. Print. "The PLANTS Database." USDA, NRCS. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA, 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. Creator: Julia Fitzpatrick-Cooper, Professor, College of DuPage Creation Date: 2014 Keywords/Tags: Pinaceae, tree, conifer, cone, needle, evergreen, Picea glauca, white spruce Whole plant/Habit: Description: Picea glauca is a broad dense conical tree, especially when young. The mature habit can vary but it generally is a narrow conical form. Image Source: Karren Wcisel, TreeTopics.com Image Date: September 21, 2008 Image File Name: white_spruce_4039.png Branch/Twig: Description: The stem is described as being pinkish- brown, glabrous and sometimes glaucous. Color can be relative I guess as I usually see more of a chalky white color. If you look closely at this image you will see the chalky, light colored stem peeking through the foliage. -
Morphology and Morphogenesis of the Seed Cones of the Cupressaceae - Part II Cupressoideae
1 2 Bull. CCP 4 (2): 51-78. (10.2015) A. Jagel & V.M. Dörken Morphology and morphogenesis of the seed cones of the Cupressaceae - part II Cupressoideae Summary The cone morphology of the Cupressoideae genera Calocedrus, Thuja, Thujopsis, Chamaecyparis, Fokienia, Platycladus, Microbiota, Tetraclinis, Cupressus and Juniperus are presented in young stages, at pollination time as well as at maturity. Typical cone diagrams were drawn for each genus. In contrast to the taxodiaceous Cupressaceae, in Cupressoideae outgrowths of the seed-scale do not exist; the seed scale is completely reduced to the ovules, inserted in the axil of the cone scale. The cone scale represents the bract scale and is not a bract- /seed scale complex as is often postulated. Especially within the strongly derived groups of the Cupressoideae an increased number of ovules and the appearance of more than one row of ovules occurs. The ovules in a row develop centripetally. Each row represents one of ascending accessory shoots. Within a cone the ovules develop from proximal to distal. Within the Cupressoideae a distinct tendency can be observed shifting the fertile zone in distal parts of the cone by reducing sterile elements. In some of the most derived taxa the ovules are no longer (only) inserted axillary, but (additionally) terminal at the end of the cone axis or they alternate to the terminal cone scales (Microbiota, Tetraclinis, Juniperus). Such non-axillary ovules could be regarded as derived from axillary ones (Microbiota) or they develop directly from the apical meristem and represent elements of a terminal short-shoot (Tetraclinis, Juniperus). -
Bedrock Valleys of the New England Coast As Related to Fluctuations of Sea Level
Bedrock Valleys of the New England Coast as Related to Fluctuations of Sea Level By JOSEPH E. UPSON and CHARLES W. SPENCER SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 454-M Depths to bedrock in coastal valleys of New England, and nature of sedimentary Jill resulting from sea-level fluctuations in Pleistocene and Recent time UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director The U.S. Geological Survey Library has cataloged this publication, as follows: Upson, Joseph Edwin, 1910- Bedrock valleys of the New England coast as related to fluctuations of sea level, by Joseph E. Upson and Charles W. Spencer. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1964. iv, 42 p. illus., maps, diagrs., tables. 29 cm. (U.S. Geological Survey. Professional paper 454-M) Shorter contributions to general geology. Bibliography: p. 39-41. (Continued on next card) Upson, Joseph Edwin, 1910- Bedrock valleys of the New England coast as related to fluctuations of sea level. 1964. (Card 2) l.Geology, Stratigraphic Pleistocene. 2.Geology, Stratigraphic Recent. S.Geology New England. I.Spencer, Charles Winthrop, 1930-joint author. ILTitle. (Series) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Configuration and depth of bedrock valleys, etc. Con. Page Abstract.__________________________________________ Ml Buried valleys of the Boston area. _ _______________ -
Accelerating the Development of Old-Growth Characteristics in Second-Growth Northern Hardwoods
United States Department of Agriculture Accelerating the Development of Old-growth Characteristics in Second-growth Northern Hardwoods Karin S. Fassnacht, Dustin R. Bronson, Brian J. Palik, Anthony W. D’Amato, Craig G. Lorimer, Karl J. Martin Forest Northern General Technical Service Research Station Report NRS-144 February 2015 Abstract Active management techniques that emulate natural forest disturbance and stand development processes have the potential to enhance species diversity, structural complexity, and spatial heterogeneity in managed forests, helping to meet goals related to biodiversity, ecosystem health, and forest resilience in the face of uncertain future conditions. There are a number of steps to complete before, during, and after deciding to use active management for this purpose. These steps include specifying objectives and identifying initial targets, recognizing and addressing contemporary stressors that may hinder the ability to meet those objectives and targets, conducting a pretreatment evaluation, developing and implementing treatments, and evaluating treatments for success of implementation and for effectiveness after application. In this report we discuss these steps as they may be applied to second-growth northern hardwood forests in the northern Lake States region, using our experience with the ongoing managed old-growth silvicultural study (MOSS) as an example. We provide additional examples from other applicable studies across the region. Quality Assurance This publication conforms to the Northern Research Station’s Quality Assurance Implementation Plan which requires technical and policy review for all scientific publications produced or funded by the Station. The process included a blind technical review by at least two reviewers, who were selected by the Assistant Director for Research and unknown to the author.