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Development of a National Methodology for An European Union Water Initiative Plus for the Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) Result 2 DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL METHODOLOGY FOR AN ASSESSMENT OF THE AVAILABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS METHODOLOGY IN THE HRAZDAN AND SEVAN RIVER BASIN DISTRICTS Final report; February 2021 Available groundwater resources in the Hrazdan and Sevan RBDs Beneficiaries Environmental Monitoring and Information Centre (EMIC) of the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Armenia Responsible EU member state consortium project leader Mr Alexander Zinke, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) EUWI+ country representative in Armenia Mr Vahagn TONOYAN Responsible international thematic lead expert Mr Christoph LEITNER, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Responsible national thematic lead expert Mr Hovik AGHINYAN and Ms Armine HAKOBYAN, Environmental Monitoring and Information Centre (EMIC) of the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Armenia Author Mr Artashes AGHINIAN, hydrogeologist, PhD Disclaimer: The EU-funded program European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) is im- plemented by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), both responsible for the implementation of Result 1, and an EU Mem- ber States Consortium comprising the Environment Agency Austria (UBA, Austria), the lead coordinator, and the International Office for Water (IOW, France), both responsible for the implementation of Results 2 and 3. The program is co-funded by Austria and France through the Austrian Development Agency and the French Artois- Picardie Water Agency. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or of the governments of the Eastern Partnership Countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of, or sovereignty over, any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area. Imprint Owner and Editor: EU Member State Consortium Umweltbundesamt GmbH Office International de l’Eau (IOW) Spittelauer Lände 5 21/23 rue de Madrid 1090 Vienna, Austria 75008 Paris, France Responsible IOW Communication officer: Ms Chloé Déchelette [email protected] February 2021 2 Available groundwater resources in the Hrazdan and Sevan RBDs CONTENTS 1. Executive summary ............................................................................................................................ 6 2. introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Natural climatic conditions and economy of the territories of Hrazdan and Lake Sevan RBDs ...... 10 3.1 Natural climatic conditions ........................................................................................................ 10 3.2 Economy ................................................................................................................................... 10 3.3 Geology..................................................................................................................................... 11 3.4 Hydrogeological conditions ....................................................................................................... 11 3.5 Human-caused pressures and groundwater natural vulnerability ............................................ 12 4. Bodies of groundwater in the Hrazdan and Lake Sevan RBDs ....................................................... 14 4.1 Overview of the necessary terminology which is in line with the Armenian legislation and the WFD .................................................................................................................................... 14 5. Field and office workS ...................................................................................................................... 18 5.1 Collection of archive materials .................................................................................................. 18 5.2 Field works ................................................................................................................................ 22 6. Groundwater resources, reserves and evaluation methodology ...................................................... 24 6.1 Groundwater resources ............................................................................................................ 24 6.2 Separation of the river’s flow .................................................................................................... 26 6.3 Groundwater exploitable reserves ............................................................................................ 28 6.4 Groundwater usable, strategic water resources and national water reserve ........................... 28 7. Evaluation of the available groundwater resources in the Hrazdan and Lake Sevan RBDS according to the EU WFD ................................................................................................................. 30 8. Projection of groundwater resources in line with the latest IPCC scenarios .................................... 32 9. Groundwater resources and exploitable reserves in Hrazdan and Sevan RBDs ............................ 35 9.1 Hrazdan River Basin District ..................................................................................................... 35 9.1.1 Kasakh River Basin ........................................................................................................ 35 9.1.2 Hrazdan River Basin ...................................................................................................... 36 9.1.3 Groundwater resources in Hrazdan RBD ....................................................................... 36 9.2 Sevan River Basin District ........................................................................................................ 39 10. Changes in water demand and abstraction due to different social and economic development pathways, considering the results and ongoing work of the EUWI+ RBMP contracts ........................................................................................................................................... 44 11. The current state of the hydrogeological monitoring in the Hrazdan and Sevan RBDs, necessity for its development and upcoming tasks .......................................................................... 45 11.1 The current state of the hydrogeological monitoring network and the necessity for its development in Hrazdan and Sevan RBDs .............................................................................. 45 11.2 Possible changes of the river flow in the result of groundwater abstraction in mountainous areas ................................................................................................................... 46 3 Available groundwater resources in the Hrazdan and Sevan RBDs 11.3 Perspectives of hydrogeological studies and monitoring ......................................................... 47 12. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 48 13. References ....................................................................................................................................... 49 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................. 50 Annex 1: Water balance in the Hrazdan RBD .............................................................................. 51 Annex 2: Water balance in the Lake Sevan RBD ........................................................................ 53 Annex 3: Separation of the rivers flow in the Hrazdan RBD ...................................................... 58 Annex 4: Separation of the rivers flow in the Lake Sevan RBD ................................................ 59 Annex 4: Hydrographs of the rivers in the Hrazdan RBD ......................................................... 63 Annex 4: Hydrographs of the rivers in the Sevan RBD ............................................................ 64 Annex 5: Approved fresh groundwater exploitable reserves for individual terrains (deposits) in the Hrazdan RBD .............................................................................................. 69 Annex 6: Approved fresh groundwater exploitable reserves for individual terrains (deposits) in the Sevan RBD ................................................................................................. 71 Maps Map 1: Water balance evaluation in the Hrazdan and Sevan RBDs, Scale: 1: 200,000 Map 2: Map 2: Bodies of groundwater and groundwater resources in the Hrazdan and Sevan RBDs, Scale: 1: 200,000 List of Tables Table 1: Natural vulnerability of groundwater bodies in Hrazdan River Basin District (RBD) ............... 15 Table 2: Natural vulnerability of groundwater bodies in Lake Sevan RBD ........................................... 17 Table 3: Comparison of the restored and actual long-term average annual restored and actual flow rates .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Table 4: Brief water
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