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.... Indian and Affaires indiennes (0.- ) (""s.[>-e:!( (rL JeanChretien,PC,MP. Issued under authority of the Publie avec I'autorisation de -e:!b nn b Contents

...... r. l>b?Cl>c..l>:::>· . 5 Settlement of Land claims in the . 5 Kinakungnut pigijaulangmangiita nunait. .. 5 Reglement des revendications territoriales dans les T.-N.O... 5

Cl>:::>f:::>< 'Cd--o!" A~~ .....Ll>Lfo-·...... 11 The Blind "See" Art...... 11 Tautungitungnut Taekkojauvut inuit sananguagangit...... •. 11 Exposition d'Art Inuit pour aveugles 11

bAc..l>ddcr! . 14 Tikiput! Taekkoput! Tigusikasakpullo!...... 14 They came I They saw! They almost took! ...... 15 lis sont venus, ils ont vu, ils ont presque pris...... 15

A~ ..-.Lo- l>Pl>r "Je:lo-.

~L""'~' A~ ..-.fo- ...... 38 Soapstone in the N.W.T...... 38 Kollikasajait Ojagait Northwest Territory-NE...... 38 La Steatite des T.N.-O...... 38

~• ....." cr l>nL A~ ..-.fo- . 41 New CBC Shortwave Service for Nunaga. 43

~rl>' ~n>nc-l>n-JA... ~ ...... 55 Song Maker - Willie Thrasher...... 55 Le compositeur de chansons d'i nuvik, Willie Thrasher...... 56

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KemeKualiuktaptingne mana "Inuttituut"-me Aglausiliuktausimalaukpok sivorlipak ajuKetuijing­ atugiallalikpogut oKalausingmik, inuktitOjomik, nut Karalline 1760-iutillugo. Sivorlipaudlutik Keme­ Labradoremiunut atuktaujomik. Jaret unuktut nad- Kuaiiuksimalaukput Denmark-miut oKalausingit lugit ilausimagungnaimata inOKatingminut Quebec­ inuktitOliguktitaudlutik jareme 1804-ame. Karallimiut miunut, Northwest Territorymiunullo. Sivorlipamiglo aglausinga LabradoremOktitaulaukpok jareme 1771 ­ Karallimiut tapsominga KemeKuatasongolalikput. ame, taimanganiglo atuktauvok tamane. KablunaktitOjungnik, French-itOjungnillo oKalaus­ Kablunat oKalausingit inuktituliguktitaulaukput ingnik atuluasongolingmigapta, unuluangmijunik sivorlipamik KemeKualiudlugit Londoneme jareme atuajiKasongoligivogut. 1850-me. 800-iulaukput oKausingit atuktangit Inuit oKalausinga sulle sangijungmariukpok KemeKuangme, aktatuktaudlutik oKausingnit atuk­ atuktaudlune, Inuit ikiktOgaluangmata. Taimaigalu­ taujungnit pingasungne nunane ... Labradoreme, aktillugo, 6-nillo governmentiKadlagaluagaptalo, Igloolikme, Mackenzie-millo. 1O-nit unuluaktunik aglausiKadlagaluagaptalo, Taipsomane sulle atuktaulaungilat avanemiut opingnagane tamanna issumajangnakpok Kanok aglausingit. Taimnalo KemeKualiuktavinik atulauk­ Inuit oKalausinga assiutu.ingnasimangimangat. pok uvagut aglausiptingnik. Avanemiut aglausingit Manakasak Kangitome, Inuit Tapirisatkut katti­ pigiasiktitaulaukput 1870-galangne Hudson's Bay mautiKalaukput Inuit aglausinganik. Governmenti­ kangiane ajuKetuijingmut E.J. Peck-imut. Aktatu­ tingnut kenaujaktataulaukput ilauktisisongoniang­ laukpok aglausiliuktavininganik ajuKetuijiub James mata Inungnik nanemiutuingnanik. Mana katik­ Evans-ib Adlait atugaksanginik aglausiliuktillugo suiligivut kenaujangmik atuktaugaksangmik Manitoba-me. Kattingmavipta aglanginit Labradore- aKKesuigasuktunut aglausingnik. 3 miuktitut aglasimajungnik malidlune ajuKetuije agivok Siberiame, USSR-me. Taipkoa Russiat Peck, aglalaukpok avanemiut aglausigiliktangatut aglausinginik atusOngugivut. Quebec-miulle aglau­ Apostelib Piniangninginik, kattingmavipta aglangita siKagivut aipanganik pita adjikasanganik. Canada­ illanginik. miunut atuktausOngmik aglausingmik inuktitOjomik Taipsomanitsainak avanemiut aglausingit atuk­ nagvagiak ajungnatOniagasugijauvok, piluaktomik taugiasilaukput aglausipta adjigikasaktanginik issumagillugit titiksiutit KemeKualiugutit. Issumagi­ Mackenzie-me. Mana Alaskamiut aglausiliugasu­ giaKakpalaivavut tamanna. alikput atuktausongmik iliOnainut Inungnut. InuK-

la revue Inuttituut publie, dans Ie present numero, le premier dictionnaire Inuit - anglais fut redige des articles rediges dans un autre dialecte inuit, a londres, en 1850. II comptait huit cents mots et parle par la population de la Cote du labrador. expressions d'usage courant dans trois dialectes, Pendant de nombreuses annees, cas gens n'ont au soit Ie Labrador, l'lgloolik et Ie Mackenzie. A cette aucun contact avec leurs cousins du Nord du Quebec epoque, on ne S8 servait pas encore de I'ecriture et des Territoires du Nord-Ouest. De plus, on pour­ syllabique, c'est pourquoi Ie dictionnaire parut en ra, pour la premiere fois, S8 procurer la revue au alphabet latin. Sur la cote ouest de la baie d'Hudson, Groenland. Comme les articles rediges en franyais ce fut Ie reverend E. J. Peck qui adopta Ie nouveau at en anglais sont maintenant plus nombreux, iI systeme d'ecriture pour la premiere fois en 1870, nous est possible d'atteindre un public plus vaste. en s'inspirant de I'alphabet invente en 1840 par Ie l'inuit demeure une langue de grande importance, reverend James Evans pour les Cris du Manitoba. encore tres vivants, bien que, en tant que peuple, En se servant des traductions de la Bible en usage nous soyons peu nombreux. Malgre tout, Ie fait que au labrador, Ie reverend Peck publia les Evangiles naus relevions de six gouvernements ala fois at que en ecriture syllabique. naus possedions au mains dix systemes d'ecriture A I'epoque 00 Ie syllabisme atteignait I'est de differents nous incite a nous demander comment I'Arctique, un systeme d'ecriture inuktitut compose elle a pu survivre jusqu'a ce jour. l'amour que nous de caracteres latins faisait son apparition dans Ie lui portons y est probablement pour beaucoup. District de Mackenzie. A I'heure actuelle, en Alaska, Recemment,l'association InuitTapirisat du Canada on travaille beaucoup a I'elaboration d'un systeme a tenu une conference de planification pour dis­ d'ecriture applicable a tous les dialectes. les Inuit cuter d'un projet concernant la creation d'un sys­ de Siberie (URSS) utilisent I'alphabet russe pour teme commun d'ecriture. Grace a I'appui financier ecrire leur langue, tandis qu'au Quebec, certains du ministere des Affaires indiennes et du Nord cana­ Inuit se servent de I'alphabet latin. Trouver un sys­ dien, elle a pu inviter des Inuit venant de divers teme susceptible de satisfaire tous les interesses au endroits. A I'heure actuelle, elle est a la recherche Canada et qui puisse etre reproduit au moyen de de fonds destines a la formation d'une commission techniques modernes d'imprimerie ne sera cartes dont Ie role consisterait a rendre compte de la pos­ pas une sinecure. Tous devront s'y mettre. sibilite d'adopter un systeme d'ecriture uniforme pour tous les Inuit du Canada. Ce furent des m.issionnaires qui. en 1760, ima­ ginerent Ie premier systeme d'ecriture pour notre langue, au Groenland. En 1804, ils firent publier Ie premier dictionnaire qanois - inuit. Les Esquimaux du labrador adopterent Ie systeme d'ecriture du Groenland en 1771 et I'emploient encore de nos jours.

4 SETTLEMENT OF LAND CLAIMS IN THE .0o..r'<]' .0o..,C 6nLi'-fC 6nL6C- c c NORTHWEST r'Lcr-f 5I-J,n-=>f 7.D<]rL 18, TERRITORIES 1974 - In-=>J, 6.D,rLi'-d C <]L~6 LC .D0..C>< '''.DC 6rLf7'cr- 6 C>6C>r'rLc.C> During his address at the opening ofthe 51st Session ofthe Council ofthe Northwest Territories 6 6 CfC 6c.Lcr- 6.D n).Jr'Jo..r'f<]'6 d on January 18th, 1974, The Minister ofIndian and 6\<]r>J C Northern Affairs expressed his thoughts on the land claims issue.lnuttituut is pleased to publish the Co.. 6.D6c 66 p,-=> (<]c c.6c ) portion ofhis address that deals with this important subject. .0o..f7'cr- 6 o..'cr-6LL'6 6C>i'-Lr<]cr-L Lo.. C>6CC>cr-6Crcr-, 6c.Lcr- 6", )P Perhaps the most controversial, and at times con­ fusing issue in the North these days is the question 6"LLC 0..-=>f7C>6 C)"C>:>6 6c. Co.. of native claims. This is indeed a serious issue - one .00.. C> < ,,,-,,c 6C>i'-Lr<]tr6 <]6 r<]-=>6 which past generations have left to us - out it is an issue that we are. going to resolve. There will be a ALrLC>LC 6rLd) Jnf f <]6c.L7:>c settlement. And it will be a negotiated settlement of C6rLcr-<]-=>,)6 .00..6 6.06,L~"C>LLc the claims of the native peoples. / recognize that tensions between ethnic groups exist because of this issue, but I am convinced that the just and comprehensive settlement of the land claims will alleviate much

KINAKUNGNUT REGLEMENT DES PIGIJAULANG­ REVENDICATIONS

MANGATA Han. Jean Chretien TERRITORIALES NUNAIT DANS LES l: N.- O.

Tapkoa Inuligijipkut angijuKKangata Jean Au cours de son allocution d'ouverture de la 51e Chretien-ib oKausiviningit kattimaviub nerrivingane session du Conseil des Territoires du Nord-Ouest, opkuitautillugo kattimagutinga 51-auliktok Nunak­ Ie 18janvier 1974, Ie ministre des Affaires indiennes siat (Northwest Territories), Yellowknife, January et du Nord canadien a exprime son avis sur /a ques­ 18,1974. tion des revendications territoriales. La Direction ImaKKa oKalautigijaungnipak illanganillo nalu­ d'lnuttituut est heureuse de publier la partie de son nangnipak Inuit nunangine mana taggauvok: Inuit discours quitraite de eet important sujet. Adlaillo nunaKaktitaujuksauvat? Tamanna sivorl­ iptingnut uvaptingnut Kemaktausimajok issuma­ Le reglement des revendications foncieres jangnamarikpok, aKKigasualakpavulle. Kattimautigi­ Sans doute qu'a rheure actuelle, les revendica­ jauKKalune aKKitaumarilapok nunaktagomangningit tions des autochtones du Nord constituent la ques­ Inuit Adlaillo. tion la plus controversee et celie qui, a certains Taekkoksasiangukpok iimisuktuKangninganik moments, devient la plus compliquee. /I sagit en inOKatigengnik tamanna pivlugo, ikpigosuksiapun­ effet d'une question tres grave que nous avons he­ galo aKKitaukpat sulliksiatiliklugo tukisingnasiatilik­ rites des generatio~s qui nous ont precedes, mais lugullo nunait nangminigijaugomangningit, tamanna nous avons fermement /'intention de la regier, et ce iimisungnik pejaugajangmarikpok Inuit Adlaillo reg/ement se fera par voie de negociations. Canadab illangane inungititut adjigektitaugiakpata pitaKangnimine iniigusingmine, ammalo iniiKating­ mitut adjigektitauKatauligungnik.

5 o.n b o.Lf7,,,b I\Lr'n b bnb- the social and economic development of the north and, as such, I believe it is vital to the well-being of L~' (e- all northerners. As I announced on August 8th, there are two bc>?-L:>L Po.) Llo.d' LI.DLI' LIb Pe- objectives at the heart of the Government's land b -=>o.-=> nb (rt < ,'--,.., claims policy. First, we have to come to grips with the proposals of the native people in relation to Llr'LbbnfJo.fC>Lr'nb (LlLb LI-=>o.( lands they have traditionally occupied. Second, by

"'0. c> < ''--,..,' Llr'Lbbnfro.(. bC>?-- reaching a settlement, the Government will provide the native people with resources that will enable L:>L (C>b LIb Pe-', LI..,LI-=>·, b-=>o.-=> them to work towards achieving a degree of eco­ ..,o.f7'( LI,,,p-=>,, P o. C>7e-c>rt

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Akkitauninga illagejaujuksaugasugivagale Inuit Je reconnais que ce problema epineux est cause nunangmine pivallianingminut in6gusingmine ino­ de tensions raciales, mais je suis convaincu que Ie KatigeKatauningminillo, taimaingmat, okperpunga reglement equitable de toutes les revendications atungmaringninganik Kanuengininginut in6singmine territoriales contribuera enormement areduire cas Inungnut nunangminedlutik. tensions en taisant progresser les autochtones vars OKagelaugama August 8-ime, maggungnik to­ un statut economique et social normal. A mon avis, giikviKakpok governmentivut nunalt pigijaugoman­ ce reglement fait partie des mesures d'expansion gningit pivlugit. Sivorlipiingmik, Inuit adlaillo nuna­ economique et sociale du Nord et, comme tel. (es­ ginigiijanginik, nunagengnasimajangminik nangmi­ time qu'il est d'une importance vitale pour Ie bien­ niKagomangningit KemiKusiaKKiilugit oKaksiagia­ etre de tous les Septentrionaux. Kalikpogut. Kingorlimik, oKaksiaKiitillugo govern­ Comme je rai annonce Ie 8 aoOt, la politique mentivut Inungnillo Adlanillo sulliaksatiigegiaKavut, gouvernementale dans ce domaine vise deux ob­ sulliaKavisanginilio ingminik in6gusiktiis6ngoliing­ jectifs primordiaux. Premierement, II nous faut etu­ mata Canadab inungititut assingitut piutigijungnik. dier les propositions des autochtones en fonction Tamangmlk tiipkoa togiikvivut tikivigigasualugik des terres que la tradition leur a permis d'occuper. pigasuangmarinlakpunga. Deuxiemement, par Ie truchement du reglement qu'il negociera, Ie gouvernement devra fournir aux autochtones les ressources qui leur permettront d'at­ teindre un degre d'independance econo~iquecom­ parable acelUi des Canadlens des autres parties du pays. Je suis bien resolu a realiser ces deux objectifs.

6 QLr'7[)~lb ..::>n claims and put together a strong case for a just set­ tlement. We have supported the claims research of the Inuit people for over a year and a detailed re­ search proposal recently submitted by the N.W.T. PQC>'7 6 <" < l~..Dc 6[> closely at the claims all groups of native people ","Lr6nl"b submit to us. I am ready to negotiate immediately. The native 6.D6nl",,::> -"QI>< I"-"c rQlb I\JL peoples have asked for time to prepare their land PQ I>'7 claims. Some suggest development should be halted until r'lb these claims are settled. I cannot accept this restric­ I\r'Lc->c C6L -"QC>< tion. Instead, I think the claims should be sub­ mitted as quickly as possible so that we'can come to C b I".D 61>C'-Lrn c.l>r'LLlb b LQ .DQnc At the same time, there can be no meaningful negotiations or settlement without the full participa­ c 6b Pc- -"Qlb QI,,6,,1>< I"-"c 6brnb nnC:;r'L~c-

Tamaunga tikigiamut togakluta tikisaiviusongolik­ A cette fin, nous oflrons des fonds a des groupe­ pogut kenaujamik Inungnullo Adlanullo aKKisuigu­ ments d'autochtones pour leur permettre de faire des tiksanginik nunaktagomangniminut kiomajOtiksang­ recherches au sujet de leurs revendications et de minik. Inuit aKKisuigasuangningine ikajuksimalik­ constituer Ie dossier necessaire aun reglement equi­ pavut jaremit akuniuluaktomik, aKKisuitausimajulio table. Nous appuyons depuis plus d'un an la re­ Adlanut Northwest Territory-miunut tukisingnasialid­ cherche sur les revendication~ des Inuit at ncus naus lugo aglatausimajok sumat nunaKaktusaungmangata penchons actuellement sur un projet de recherche KemeKotaulikpok mana. Taimak pisimavogut adji­ detailh' que la Fraternite des Indiens des Territoires gektisigasuamut kiomajungnipsingne sanginipsing­ du Nord-Ouest nous a presente recemment. Ces nik, tamanallo togakvivut tikivigigasuadlugo. mesures, naus les prenons pour que tous puissant KemeKosialakpogut illOnanginik aglataujungnik, traiter d'egal a egal a la table des negociations et nunak nangminigijaungninga pivlugo, pijungnik pour qu'ensemble naus puissions realiser les objec­ Adlanit Inungnillo. tits que ncus avons etablis en commun. Nous 8tU­ Atuinaulikpunga kattimautiKagiangmik tagvainak. dierons afond tOUt85 les revendications qui naus Inuit Adlaillo utaKKitaugomangnigasimavut agla­ seront faites par les groupements d'autochtones. ningmine nunak atsaniagut8ujok. Je suis prEH anegocier immediatement, mais les Iliangit oKasimavut sanajit Mailasib kongine autochtones ont demande qu'on leur donne Ie temps nuKKatitauniksaungningit aKKitauKiltinagit nunait de pn3parer leurs revendications. Certains voudraient kinakungnut pigijaulangmangat. Angigungnangi­ meme que Ie rythme d'expansion soit ralenti jusqu'a langa tamatsominga. Imangale, tuaviklutik aglasima­ ce que toute5 les reclamations soient n§gl!§es. Or, jangminik tikitiksijuksaulikput aKKisuisongolaligapta je ne peux accepter cette restriction. Je pense plu­ oKakluta kina pitaKaktusaungmangat nunamik. tot qu'il faut laisser les divers groupements nous soumettre leurs revendications pour que nous puis­ sions commencer aen etudier Ie rl3glement.

7 I" ... ' 6)o-b nnC;,.JL I am certain that you recognize that time and events do not stand still, and that if one does not b Cd "'c-I>;:::>o..,.Jd!7l>..:>n 6<:Ld ... C;"lo-b. seize opportunities when they present themselves, -00..1>< I""" 6n..:>r' nnC;,.JL"'c-,.J northern communities. Your governments - the government of the North­ ... 0..1>< I" ... ' 6nJLc-)'" west Territories - and the federal government, are J.' Cd 0..1>< ," working together to improve community facilities and services throughout the north. ... ' nnC;,.JL"'c-CP!7I>JL,.JLLC Pb-

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Atautsiku 110, kattimaktu Kaksiagungnalang ilak Par ailleurs, qu'il s'agisse dans ces revendica­ aKKisu iju Kagungnaganelonet governmentinga tions, de negociations ou de r"glement. il faut qu'au Northwest Territory-miut ilauKatauktinagit. Yukonib depart, les gouvernements territoriaux y prennent governmentinga ilauKatauvut mana nunait pidlu­ une part active. Le gouvernement du Yukon parti­ git, Northwest Territory-miulle governmentinga cipe deja aux negociations et, de son cote, Ie gou­ ilaugiasilagivok ilauvisanga namaksipat. vernement des Territoires du Nord-Ouest y partici­ Okpingmarikpunga illitaksinipsingnik uvluit para Ie moment venu. sugalaktullo mana nuKKangagungnangimata, piga­ Comme vous Ie savez, Ie temps passe at rien n'est suangituagune kinatuinak tagvainak pigungnaga­ immuable. C'est bien pourquoi celui qui ne profite jaktaminik pigungnasigajaksangilak. pas des occasions lorsqu'elles se presentent. risque Ahaugaluaktillugo, mana pigomajaptingnut de ne rien realiser. ubvalolonet oKaktailingnitingnut pikallaktitaujuk­ Bien entendu, cela ne veut pas dire que nous saungilagut. devions naus laisser entrainer, par les besoins au IIiOnata pivaliiaKojivogut Inuit nunanginik. les contraintes du moment. a adopter des mesures Governmentise, Northwest Territory-ub govern­ hatives au inconsidimf!'es. mentinga, Canadablo ikajuktigevut piuniksautik­ Nous voulons tous encourager Ie developpement sigasuadlutik nunapse atusonginik ikajuktaugutin­ des populations du Nord. ginillo Inuit nunangine illOnangine. Vos gouvernements - celui des Territoires du Nord­ O,uest et Ie gouvernement federal - coop~ent afin d ameliorer les installations et les services mls a la disposition de toute la population septentrionale.

8 Cd-.J' But I am sure that it is clear to all of us that without resource development to provide the economic muscle for the achievement of our objectives, these C6L b 6-Dc-n.?>- d' b <:L r ' P aJ>7.J plans are in danger of becoming idle dreams and the 6b~C:;r60-b Cc..L~' 6~6c .£O-ro-I~c achievements beyond our grasp. -DO-Io-b 6b~C:;7)o-b 7bn.7c-~;::Jn"o-b o..r" I\e-n.)"b Po..l> 7C-~) b c..~r'L L7 r L c • 6-D6c .£0.. r c Io-p-"n b Po..~7c-~;::J0..r'r

Ikajuinaniakpogut kenaujapkut Kuviasuktisingni­ Nous allons continuer d'appuyer sans reserve, kullo, ikajuktikut atuktaungmariktokut Inungnut. financierement et moralement, les nombreux pro­ Okpipungale taekkoksausiangninga iliGnaptingnut grammes mixtes dont I"importance pour la popula­ sulliaksait pivalliaktinagit, ingminik inogungnatik­ tion du Nord est inestimable. En elfet, sans Ie stimu­ siningmik tunidjitingnagit, togiikvitingnut tikiga­ lant economique que paut nous donner I'amenage­ suangniktine, pigomajavut assiutuinanialingningit ment des ressources dans la poursuite de nos sinatomatuinaunialiglutik tikivigigasuaktavullo objectifs, ces projets seraient de pures chimeres et amgutigungnagungnai lug it. nos efforts restera;ent vains.

9 10 CI>::>r::>c: "Cd~" A..IIJ! THE BLIND "SEE" 'Q..I>Lrcr~ INUIT ART The Department of Indian Affairs in cooperation C 6-"c-n.;>-d 6b"c..I>~b)C bo.-C'I>C with the Canadian National Institute for the Blind CI»r)c-n.;>-dr~b CI»r)~C -,,L r~b -bnrrnb 6.D6C PI" Canada and then be sent to other countries. ,.JL7rc~ \ b-,,6c-L~r~" Cd All the pieces were selected by two blind women. A husband and wife team, Gilles and Leslie Du­ 0.-.J)60.-bc~nb ,.JL"c '-c..bCc..L"c plantie, both of whom are visually handicapped, bo.-C' C6L~ '-c..nCI>c.. b ~nb bo.-- prepared the commentary on the collection. The descriptions of the pieces, names of the artists and r "~o.-I>Lc..bc-Lc CI>< -"c" materials used were written in Braille, which is the ~;Jc..~ b)C b< ~o.-::C L;J.oc -"c-c..l>b)C leather are all used. The pieces are of people, their prLc..6~ nnC;,.JLrn b CI» r) 6 C nn activities, igloos, tools, birds and animals. C; J ,.J r n) c, CC ,.J) b CI" r C >) ~ b c..~ b ------.l'~t~l.------

TAUTUNGITUNGNUT EXPOSITION TAEKKOJAUVUT INUIT D'ART INUIT SANANGUAGANGIT POUR AVEUGLES

Governmentivut ikajuktaudlune tautungituligijing­ En collaboration avec !,Institut canadien des nut katiksuilaukput sananguajausimajungnik Inung­ aveugles, Ie ministere des Affaires indiennes a mis nut, taipkoalo ingiKatitaulakput Canadab nuanngita sur pied une exposition de sculptures et de modeles iliOnanginut, nunangnullo assinginut aullatitauniak­ inuit. La collection sera envoyee a!'etranger apres lutik kingorlingmik. avoir ete exposee dans tout Ie Canada. Sananguagait piuniaktaulaukput arnangnut Ce sont deux femmes aveugles qui ont choisi maggOngnut tautungitOngnut. Gilles Duplantie, toutes les pieces de la collection dont les legendes arnangalo Leslie, tamangmik tautuksiangitiik, ont ete preparees par les epoux Gilles et Leslie Du­ atuingnautiksilaukpiik oKausingnik maliktusangnik plantie, egalement aveugles. Tous les textes, des­ taipkonrnga sananguagangnik. Aglasimavut tau­ criptions des pie'ces, noms des artistes et des mate­ tungilUt aglausingatut oKalaktillugit KanuetGng­ riaux utilises, sont ecrits en braille, alphabet en points mangata, sanajingillo kinakiingmangata, sunaksa­ saillants permettant aux aveugles de lire avec leurs jaungmangiltalo. Taipkoa alUasugivait aggangminut doigts. titigaktausimangmata Kungmungatillugit. Toutes les pieces de la collection sont destinees Sananguagait iliOnatik Kangaktatausiingogia­ aetre touchees at manipulees, car c'est ainsi que Kavut taksikaktaugiaKasiingodlutilio. Taimak issu­ les aveugles, jeunes et adultes, reussissent a ima­ mangmine adjinguaktasongomata KanuetusiangO­ giner leur forme. Le texte en braille les informera sur mangata sananguagait. AtuaksiKatavut taksikakdlu­ !'artiste et Ie materiau utilise. II pourra aussi bien git, sananguate kinautsiagaluangmangilt Kaujiga­ s'agir de pieces faites d'os, d'ivoire, de pierre ou de sudlune, sunaksajaungmangalo KemeKutanga. cuir. Elles parleront des Inuit memes, de leur mode

11 nnC;;J,-JbLC CC»f)6c • - The photographs shown here were taken in Montreal recently. The length of time the show <-C>~b)C »<-bc-C>~bCC>rn CC»f)6 remains in a city is determined by the number of CC ,-J)..:>f C nb blind people, especially the number of young people who are in special schools. It is easy to see by the Cd L<-bc-Lc -<.Ja.<-C»C f Eskimo Art Collection, thousands of people who CC»f)-<.c C P,;JcC>Ja.nCC>Lrrnb. must live in darkness will become acquainted with us for the first time. C6La. CC» f)6 C 6c-cr 6-<.L~c LC C,~C;7C>rnb

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Imaiktusajausongovut; saunivinit, tGgatsajait, de vie, de leurs iglous, de leurs outils et des oiseaux ojagaksajait, Kisiksajaillo. Sananguagait inunguan­ at des animaux qui les entourent. govut, sunguagalatuingnatut, igluviganguagalait, C'est a Montreal qu'ont ete prises recemment les sanaKgutit, tingmianguagalait, omajunguagalaillo. photographies ci-jointes. La duree du sejour de Adjinguat tapkoa taekkuktase tigujaulaukput I'exposition dans une ville depend du nombre d'a­ Montrealingme manakasangulauktome. Akunengni­ veugles qui s'y trouvent et surtout du nombre d'eco­ sanga atausingme nuname, aKKetauKatapok kissiane liers aveugles qui frequentent des institutions spe­ taekkojauKKatillugit Katsiungmangilta tautungitut, ciales. A en juger d'apres !'expression des visages issumagiluadlugit in6sungnisait, tautungitut iling­ saisie par la pellicule. notre exposition plait enor­ niavinganemiut. Nalungnangilak Kuviasulaungningit memento Grace acette collection d'art inuit, des taekkoligamik. Tausendit taktome inojut Kaujigiula­ milliers de personnes vouees avivre dans Ie noir likput uvaptingnik. faront connaissance avec naus pour la premiere fois.

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Jose Sala-mut aglatausimajut tapkoa. Kojoaga­ Mailasiub k6ngine ikomaliukvisaliugomangningit pingme inDlisimajok, Ouebecib nunangine panen­ oKautigijaulaukput sivorlipangmik Quebec-me gnisane./IingniaKattasimajok angeKangmine kattimatillugit April-ime, 1971. OKautigijauge­ Ottawa-millo. Kaujitisijiusimajok sulliaKavingmine tainasimatillugo, 9000-it Inuit Adlaillo Creenguni­ Ouebecmiune Inungne, IUssajiusimalaukpullo gaktaujut Kaujitiksilaukput ikomaliukvisaliu­ eKKatuijingit Ouebecib kattimatillugit, kattimauti­ Kojigatik. March-millo, 1972-me taimak oKadlutik Katillugit Mailasiekut kongit ikomaliukvisaliuk­ aglalaukput iliOnatik attingminik ilidjidlutik agla­ taugomatillugit. tangminut. Taggauvut Salab issumagijangit, "Inuttituut"­ Sivorlimik tussajaulaukput 1972 naningane, Inuit mut pisimaningi( issumagijaugiaKangilat, govern­ Adlaillo aglasimaKKatillugit tussajaugomangni­ mentitalonetillanginit pisimagasugijaugiaKang­ minik. KiomajOtiKalaukput 6majungnianingmik inivut. 6ggangnianimillo pigongnaniKas6ngogomadiutik nuname, oKadlutillo nuKKatitaugasuapanik tapkoa pigungnaniKagia Kangningit assiguktitaulangningit. TIKIPUTI TAEKKOPUTI KiomajuKatingit Mailasiub k6ngine kamajit sullin­ ginigaksitillugit. Tussajaugengmata eKKatuije TIGUSIKASAKPULLOI Malouf taekkogomanialidlune Inuit Adlaillci agla­ simajanginik, oKadlune: nunameK6k pigungnani­ Pitsatujok malligaksaliuktaulaukpok Novembre Kagomangningit suliksiajut taekkoksasiangomat. 15, 1973-me eKKatuijingmut Albert Malouf-imut, ~ Quebecib eKKatuivingane pitsatunikpame. lIik­ tisingmarikpok eKKasujungnik iliOnanginik nunamit atujungnik, eKKasujungnilio Adlait Inuillo pig un­ gnaniKagiaKajuksauninginik, taipkoalo issumaKasOt pivalliagomaningminik.

14 Editors Note: The author ofthe following article is The James Bay Hydro Project was first announced Jose Sala. He was born at Great Whale River in in the Quebec National Assembly in April, 1971, northern Quebec. He attended school there andin Right after the announcement the 9,000 Cree Ottawa. As an information worker with the Quebec Indians and Inuit have let it be known that they are Inuit Association he attended the hearings in the opposed to the project. They filed a petition in Quebec Superior Court concerning the James Bay March 1972. Project. A preliminary hearing took place in late 1972 to Opinions expressedin this article are those ofthe hear the native peoples application for an inter­ author andmust not be interpreted as being the locutory injunction, Their argument was based on views ofInuttituut or any particular Department of hunting and fishing rights to the territory and that Government. any interference would extinguish those rights. The respondent, James Bay Development Corporation argued otherwise. After the preliminary arguements THEY CAME! THEY were heard Mr. Justice Malouf decided to hear the native's application for an injunction on the grounds SAW! THEY ALMOST that their rights to the territory seemed apparent. TOOK! In what has been the longest hearing for a tem­ porary injunction in Canadian legal history (from by Jose Sala January to June 1973), 167 witnesseswere heard and 362 exhibits filed. The lawyers for the people of The powerful ruling on November 15, 1973 by the region based their application for a temporary Mr, Justice Albert Malouf of the Quebec Superior injunction on Quebec's Code of Civil Procedure Court had many lessons for all concerned with ecology and native rights as well as for those who are "progress" minded.

Note de la redaction - L'auteur de I' article ci-apres C'est en avril 1971, aI'Assemblee nationale du est M. Jose Sala. Celui-ci est ne;, Poste-de-Ia­ Quebec, que fut annonce pour la premiere fois Ie Baleine, au Nouveau-Quebec. II a fait ses etudes projet d'amenagement hydro-electrique de la baie dans cette localite, ainsi qu';, Ottawa. En tant qu'a­ James. Tout de suite apres, les 9,000 Indiens Cris gent d'information de I'Association des Inuit du et Inuit de la region concernee firent savoir qu'ils Quebec. iI a assiste aux audiences de la Caur supe­ s'y opposaient. lis presenterent une requiHe en rieure du Quebec au sujet de I'amenagement de la mars 1972. baieJames. Une audience preliminaire eut lieu ala fin de 1972 Les opinions exprimees dans eet article sont celles . afin d'entendre la requiHe des autochtones pour de I'auteur et ne doivent pas etre attribuees;, I'Inut­ I'obtention d'une injonction interlocutoire. Ceux- tituut au aun quelconque ministere. ci soutenaient qu'ils avaient des droits de chasse et de pecha sur Ie territoire concerne et que tOUt8 in­ tervention allait entrainer una extinction de cas ILS SONT VENUS, droits. Le defendeur, la Societe de developpement de la baie James, soutenait Ie contraire. Apres audi­ ILS ONT VU, ILS ONT tion des plaidoyers des deux parties, Ie juge Malouf PRESQUE PRIS. decida de recevoir la requtHe d'injonction des au­ tochtones quand il estima que leurs droits sur Ie Par Jose Sala, territoire en cause semblaient fondes. Au cours de I'audience de requiHe d'injonction L'importante decision rendue Ie 15 novembre temporaire qui devait {me la plus longue de toute 1973 par Ie juge Albert Malouf de la Cour superieure I'histoire du droit canadien (elle dura de janvier a du Quebec est fort instructive pour ceux qui s'inte­ juin 1973), 167 temoins furent entendus et 362 ressenl I'ecologie et aux droits des autochtones, a documents furent deposes. Les avocats des habi­ de merna qu'aux esprits «progressistes». tants de la region concernee fondaient leur requete d'injonction temporaire sur Ie Code civil du Quebec,

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EKKatuiviliagingme perKojangit tussajaugasuaktil­ KiomajOtiktillugik akune lUssajauKKatillugik, eK­ lugit (Januaramit JOnemut, 1973) tussavinga aku­ Katuije Malouf oKadlasingnalilaukpok tamagingnut nengnipausimalikpok nunapta Canadab unikausingi­ inuillo illanginut Novembre 15, 1973-me. Tujuk­ ne, apiksutaujut 167-iutillugit alakasajaillo atuktaujut taulaukpungalo oKausinginik pagenaKajungnik 362-ngutillugit. Inuit ikajuktingit eKKatuijit eKKa­ 170-nik. OKausingit perKojaKalaukput sanagoma­ tuivillagiliaktisilaukput malidlutik nunapta maligak­ jungnut, nuKKaKodlugit. Sungmat nuKKaKujing­ sariganik oKaktomik; "inuk kinatuinak eKKatui­ mangame tukisiktisiksiangmarilaukpok, aglaga­ viliaktisis6ngovok sujuktuijuKangmariniaKK6tuapat suavakkalo illangit. aKKegungnagungnailugo." OKalaukput tamna mali­ Nunak Sujuktauninga oKausigidlugo imak gaksak maliktaugiaKangninga ikomaliugomajut kaju­ oKavok: " ... sujuktauliaKesimaligengmata pig uk­ si KKuja utuaguniksujuksima rila ngmata inogusingin ik, lUit piguksiallo. Sujuktaugiallaluanialingmijut sul­ omajuksiuvinginik, 6ggangniavinginillo. Ikajuktivut liagejangnut mana." OKalaukpulio sulle Inuit eKKatuijit erKaitiksilaukput 1912-me maligaksal­ Adlaillo in6singmine atungmaringninginik nunamit iuktausimalaujomik nunait kiglinga pivlugo, taipso­ pijungnik, oKagialiadlunillo; "sulliagijat nuname mane governmentivut tunidjisimalaukput Quebec­ tamane in6jungnik assiguktisingmarilakput sia­ mut nunait illanginik Mailasime, okautidlugillo gualungmullo taimailinganialiktillugit." oKagial­ Quebec-kut angeKatigegiaKangningit aglaKati­ ladlunillo: "6majuit nunguvallimarilakput. Inuit Kalutillo Adlanik oKalatillugit nunaKagungnain­ Adlaillo atugungnagungnailutillo nunamit pijungnik. ginik. K6t nunangine 6majungniagungnalagungnaitut Ikomaliukvisaliugomajut ikajuktingit eKKatuijit 6ggangnialutill6net. IIiOnatlk piguktut 6~jullo kiomajulaukput oKadlutik kajusigiaKangniminik, piguksiangningit inOksiangningilio suvallutaung­ ingminik ikomaliuviKas6ngoiagamik 1984-aulikpat, marilaktut." kenaujaillo atuktaulaktut angeluakpangmata pig­ omajanginit Inuit 9000-it, nunaKanginigaksidlu­ tillo nunagijaungamat Quebec-mut.

16 which states that a person may be granted an injunc­ After the long arguments were all heard, Mr. tion if it "appears" that he will suffer irreparable Justice Malouf submitted his judgement to both damage if certain acts take place, They argued that parties and the public on November 15,1973, I re­ the code should be put into effect on the grounds ceived a copy of his 170 page written judgement. that If the project went ahead as planned, the in­ His judgement placed an injunction on the devel­ habitants would suffer irreparable injury to their way opers, ordering that they stop work, The reasons for of life, that is their hunting, trapping and fishing his judgement were very clear and I shall quote some environment would no longer support them because of them, of the damage the project would have to make to it. In reference to environmental damage he states Our defence lawyers also referred to the 1912 that, "damage to the flora and fauna has already Boundaries Extension Act by which the Federal taken place, Further considerable damage will be Government transferred part of what was called caused by the works in progress now," He said the Rupert's Land to the Quebec Government and asked Indian and the Eskimo still depend considerably on the province to sign a treaty with the Indians to their environment for subsistence and added, "the obtain surrender of these lands, works will have devastating andfar reaching effects Lawyers for James Bay Development Corporation on the Indians andInuit living in the territory," He argued that their project must go through in order further stated that, "the number ofanimals will be that they could be self-sufficient In hydro power by reduced significantly, Petitioners will no longer be 1984 and that the enormous sums of money to be able to make use of the fruits of the soil, They will no spent far outweighed the interests of 9,000 people longer be able to hunt, trap andfish in the areas who apparently had no rights to the territory because affected, The ecological balance which existed in it belongs to the Province of Quebec, the area will be seriously disturbed,"

qui prevail que toute personna paut obtenir una Le 15 novembre 1973, apres une longue audition injonctlon 5il «semble" qu'elle sublra des prejudices de tous les plaldoyers, Ie juge Malouf fit connaitre irrt3parables si certains aetas sont commis. lis sou­ son jugement aux deux parties, ainsi qu'au grand tenalent que si Ie projet devait etre realise, ils allaient public, J'ai recu un exemplalre de ce texte de 170 etre touches d'une facon Irremediable dans leur pages. Ce jugement ordonnalt aux entrepreneurs de mode de vie, c'est-a-dire qu'ils n'allaient plus pou­ cesser leurs travaux. Les motifs invoques etaient voir vivre de la chasse, du plegeage et de la peche tres c1airs. acause des dommages qui allaisnt necessairement Au sujet de la perturbation de I'envlronnement, en resulter. Les avocats de la defense invoquaient Ie juge declaralt que la destruction de la flore et de aussi la loi de 1912 sur I'extenslon des limites, aux la faune etait deja commencee, II prevoyait d'autres termes de laquelle Ie gouvernement federal cedait dommages considerables, II disait que les Indlens et au gouvernement du Quebec una partie de ce qu'on les Esquimaux dependent encore beaucoup de la appelait alors la «Terre de Rupert», mais en deman­ nature pour leur subsistance et II ajoutait que les dant ala province de signer un traite avec les Indians travaux allaient avoir des effets nuisibles et graves pour I'obtention de ce territoire. sur la vie de ces gens vivant dans Ie territoire con­ Les avocats de la Societe de la baie James ont cerne. II faisait remarquer que Ie nombre d'animaux soutenu, quant aaux, que Ie projet devait etre realise allalt dlminuer sensiblement, II continuait en dlsant afin d'assurer I'autonomie energetique de la pro­ que les requerants n'allaient plus etre capables de vince pour 1984 et ils ont pretendu que les enormes proflter des fruits de la terre, qu'ils n'allaient plus sammes d'argent engagees avaient beaucoup plus pouvoir chasser, pieger et pEkher dans la region d'importance que les Interets de quelque 9,000 concernee et que I'equilibre ecologique de ces lieux personnes qui ne semblaient avoir aucun droit sur alia it etre rompu, Ie territoire concerns car celui-ci appartenait ala province de Quebec,

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Adlait pigungnaniKagiangit pivlugit oKalaukpok, OKadlunillo, kenaujaigok akitujualuit atuktausi­ governmentivugok pigungnaniKasongogianginik majut suvallitiksigiakangilat issumagijaugiakangito­ Adlait aituktausongonginaKut Adlanut angeKatigi­ lonet imailigialladlunillo: "tukisingnamarikpok sana­ jaudlutik. Kissiane taimak piKaktagiaKangningit gomajut kajusituakpata, Inuit Adlaillo aglasimajut oKautijaulaukput, Quebecmut nunangnik aksigamik nuKKatiksigomadlutik, pikaluktaungmarilaktut sujui­ 1912-me governmentivut Mailasienektunik. Malik­ vi ungmariIutik, aKKig ungna la uksima niagungna i­ simangilaKok Quebec angiKatiKasimanginame marilutik. Ogait omajuillo toKutautuagunik ommati­ Adlanik, taimaigame suliaKaviKagiaKangilat nunane ta u9ia Ilagung na Iag ungna iningit, ta imaksainalo tapkonane angeKatigeKKagatik Inungnillo Adlanillo. piguksiat piguktuillo utiktitaugungnagungnailutik EKKatuijillo oKalaukpok Inuit Adlaillo sulidlutik assiutitaulangningit." kiomajungningit pigungnasongoniKagiaKagamik Taimak oKaladlune aglasimaKKatillugo Kaujijausi­ (oKaksiangituinadlune sunaungmangata pigung­ malingmata, Sanagomajut ikajuktingit eKKatuijit nasongoniKagialingit) okpimaridlunillo tapkoa tagvainak kattimautiKagialiagomalilaukput eKKatui­ Inuit Adlaillo "sulingmarikput nuKKatiksingnimine vingme. Agladlutik Kaungmat Novembre 16, 1973­ mana oKaksialiaKatingnagit sujuKalangmangat." me akigaktuniadlutik nuKKaKojausimangniminik. . EKKatuije oKalalaukpok singnagalangimaridlune Montagiutillugo tussajauniadlutik Novembre 19­ Mailasiub kongine sanagasuaktunik. "Sanagomajut autillillugo, Kaungmalo oKalautigijaugialianiamid­ ingminiktuinak sulliaKagiasilaukput eKKagigallang­ lutik. Pingasut eKKatuijit (aivigiviusGt magguitud­ nagit aglasimajut nuKKatiksigomadlutik," oKagial­ lutik eKKatuktaugiatutungnut) angeniadlutik tus- lamijuk, "Aglat katimautausimagegalualingmata ~ kajusiksiatuinalaukput sanangnimine kenaujangmik akitujualungmik atudlutik. Taimak pigamik tamma­ marilaukpalaivut."

18 In reference to Indian rights, he said that the He said, that the huge sums of money that have Federal Government has always obtained surrender been spent must not be allowed to cloud the issues, of Indian rights by treaty and that this obligation was by adding "it is clear that ifthe works continue, passed on to the province in 1912 by the Federal irreparable haem andinjury will be caused to the transfer of Rupert's Land. He stated that the Province petitioners. It will not be possible to bring back to has not signed treaties with the Indians and thus life the fish and animals which will die, nor will it be cannot develop these territories without prior agree­ possible to bring back the vegetation which will be ment with the Indians and the Eskimos. destroyed." The judge also said that the Indians and Inuit had After the judgement had been handed down, established a strong case for their rights (although lawyers for James Bay Development Corporation he did not define them) and he was convinced that immediately appealed. They filed a case to suspend they "have a clear right to an interlocutary order of the injunction the next day, November 16, 1973.Their injunction." case was heard on Monday, November 19th and a The Judge's ruling contained little sympathy for judgement was rendered the next day. Three appeal James Bay Development Corporation. "Respond­ court justices granted the Corporation a suspension ents oftheir own accord started work on the project of the injuction on the grounds that the interests of notwithstanding the opposition expressed by the 2,000 Indians and Eskimos (the figure was given as petitioners," he said. "Even after the present pro­ 2,000, not the 9,000 people as pointed out by Mr. ceedings were instituted, respondents continued Justice Malouf) should not come before the public with the project andspent large sums ofmoney. interest. It was also pointed out that Bill 50, which This was a most unfortunate decision." was the enabling legislation for developing the James Bay territory, was constitutional until it was declared that it was not or that it was repealled.

A propos des droits des Indiens, Ie juge a dit que Le juge a declare que I'importance des sommes Ie gouvernement tederalles a toujours obtenus par engagees ne devait pas faire perdre de vue les ques­ des traites et qu'il a transmis cette obligation a la tions en cause at iI a ajout8 que si les travaux S8 Province lorsqu'illui a cede la Terre de Rupert, en poursuivaient il allait en resulter des prejudices irre­ 1912. II a ajoute que la Province n'a pas signe de parables pour les requerants. II a ajoute qu'il ne tels traites avec les Indiens et qu'elle ne peut donc serait pas possible de ressusciter les poissons et les developper les terres en question si elle ne conclut animaux qui allaient maurir at qu'on ne pourrait pas au prealable un accord avec les Indiens et les Esqui­ non plus faire revivre la vegetation qui allait etre maux concernes. detruite. Le juge a ajoute que les Indiens et les Esquimaux Des qu'ils eurent connaissance du jugement, les ant bien fait valoir leurs droits (mais il ne les a pas avocats de la Societe de developpement de la baie detinis) et il s'est dit persuade que ces gens avaient James en appelerent. Le lendemain, soit Ie 16 no­ Ie droit indiscutable d'obtenir une injonction inter­ vembre 1973, ils deposerent une requete pour faire locutoire. suspendre rinjonction. Cette requete fut entendue Dans sa decision, Ie juge montrait peu de bien­ Ie lundi 19 novembre et une decision fut rendue Ie veillance envers la Societe de developpement de la jour suivant. Les trois juges de la cour d'appel acce­ baie James. II a dit que les detendeurs ant com­ derent a la requete de la Societe en soutenant que mence les travaux sans tenir compte de I'opposition les interets de quelque 2,000 Indiens et Esquimaux manifestee par les requerants at que, merna apres (alors que Ie juge Malouf avait parle de 9,000 per­ que des poursuites eurent ete engagees, ils les ant sannes) ne devaient pas avoir la priorite sur rinteret poursuivis at y ant affects d'importantes sammes public. On signala aussi que la loi 50, qui autorisait d'argent, ce qui, a son avis, a constitue una decision I'amenagement du territoire de la baie James conti­ des plus malheureuses. nuerait d'etre constitutionnelle jusqu'a ce que ron declare qu'elle ne rest pas au jusqu'a ce qu'elle soit abrogee.

19 !\ d C'- r' L,d, e- C> C r C lie- r C C< r L , lIb..:>a- C'-e-La-C;- nnC;e-L76. rr c • C -"o-c>< !\~r'La-)6L rd C[>e-L~<-"a-C;rJ. -DO-C>< r'dnCC>L7a-L C>6ra- lILb C nnC;r'Le-C»b "!\~)lIC O-<)lI C>L- "O-rr'Lc-Il. 6 rt Cdn",b ,,­ c~a-lnJ C lILlIc-r'Le-C>I~b. C lIrLa- O-~c "0-71a-b -,,6rL~ I9I2-Jn-"J lI-"c-rtC'-d c 6<:Lr c CL lI..:> rd cc>r O- rlL -"O-Ib Rupert's -,b rc- 6r'Ld>l~b CLrlL n cc>n-"J d lIrO-a-C;lIra-. La- .DO-C- c C'-nr'b -"r c "Co- lIdLl>n"b "0-7C>lI -"r c Pr' C>..:>CLc lI-"r'I-"C r- O-a-C;r r C )a-r'~~a-C> r C'-e-La-C;r r i,, , "CLa-..:> C lIr La-) b L e-C>c-) b e-C>a- LC ClI C>L~a-b liP) d..:>c-rt)a-b "0-~6n",b "O-JL~c r'd- c-r -"O-Ib "O-~­ "71b dC'-rrn b nnC;r'L~c-C>e-C»C rO-)lIO­ "O-rCIa- b !\JO-~O-lIL7a-­ LC Co- lIdLc>n"b "0-7C>JO-ra-C; b rJ C;rr c • C>L~r'[>~Ia-b, ,Pr

saniangniminik taipkoninga sanagomajungnik, NuKKatitauKKatiliuta taipkonunga eKKatuijivut oKadlutik taipkoagok 2000-it Inuit Adlaillo (ikilli­ sagiaKanialidlutik eKKatuiviliagemut pitsatunik­ titaungmaridlutik Malouf-ib 9000-iunigalauktangit) pamut. Aglatillunga mana, tapkoa eKKalUijit pitsa­ Kaujijaugiakangikaluaktut Canadab inungita illanai­ tunikpat sulle oKagungnangilat. Imailingalikpulle: nut. SaKKitiksilaukpullo nunapta maligaksanganik Adlait Cree-ngunigaktaujut, Inuillo salaKasimavut numeraktatausimajomik 50-mik, oKajomik maak: sivorlipamik eKKatuivingme, eKKaumanangmari­ Mailasib kongita nunanginik sanagajangningit pival­ pullo. Kanak pivaliiatigijomaKagaluapat sanajingnik, liagomagamik, tamnalugok maligaksak sulilaktok, inukuluit naglituinangit ikiniksaugalualutik, suna­ kissiane nu KKatitaukpat maligaksaugungnaigajad­ KutigijausongolugungnaiKut. Tamanna sulingninga lunillo. taekkotiksisimalikput Inuit Adlaillo, eKKatuiviktigut. Tukisigungnalaungilagulle sungmat tamna mali­ Adjigektisisongoningillo eKKatuivit Kaujimalikpavut. gaksak-50 saKKejaktitaulaungimangat tussajauktil­ lugil, Malouf eKKalUitillugo. Tatamingmarilaukpo­ gullo maggutuinangane uvlome oKagelaungningit sujuKagiaKalingmangal, kingorlingmik eKKatuk­ taungmata, sungmale 4-atuinaulaungmangata aglatausimajut. EKKalUijivulle Malouf 5-ine taKKine aKKisuilauktillugo tukisingnamarilidlugil, aglat 170­ nik pagenalingnik alakasajangnik atudlune.

20 What was difficult for us to understand was that Bill 50 was not an issue in the hearing before Judge Malouf. Another bewildering fact that struck us was that the appeal decision took only two days, the judgement was only four pages long, while Judge Malouf took five months to render a clearly reasoned judgement of 170 pages. After this suspension of the injunction, our lawyers had to turn to the Supreme Court of Canada. At this writing the highest justices in the land have not come to a decision. However, the fact that the Crees and the Inuit won an injunction in court in the first place, is a lesson long to be remembered. No matter how important a development may be, no matter how powerful the forces a majority may muster, no longer can the rights of humble and little people be ignored. The Indians and Inuit have proven this in our courts. We have faith in their fairness.

Nous naus demandons cependant comment il S8 fait que I'on n'a pas examine la question de la loi 50 lars de I'audience tenue par Ie juge Malouf. Nous naus etonnons aussi qu'it n'ait fallu que deux jaurs pour rendre la decision d'appel et que celle-ci n'ait compris que quatre pages, alors qu'il a fallu cinq mois et 170 pages au juge Malouf pour rendre sa , decision, qui etait cependant clairement motivee. I Apr"s qu'on eut accorde la suspension de I'in­ jonction, nos avocats durant porter la cause davant l la Cour supreme du Canada. En ce moment, les ." membres de ce haut tribunal n'en sont pas encore I venus auna decision. On S8 souviendra cependant I longtemps que les Cris et les Esquimaux ant obtenu une injonction d'un tribunal de premiere instance. ~ On en conclura que, quelle que soit !'importance , de travaux 8t quelles que soient les forces en cause, on ne peut plus ne pas tenir compte des droits des \ humbles et des petites gens. Les Indiens et les Inuit \ ant demontre ce fait davant nos tribunaux. Or, naus \, croyons en I'equite des tribunaux...... '-\ .... _-----\....

21 66)6?- 6Lb 1>6e-l>r~b '1'e-6' I\Lr' 66)6?-' "e-666e-C»' L6e-­ 6~6~ '16<~JnL~b rJ~<~~~6r~ r'd~ 6dLc>nc-C»~ C>6c>nrr' Cd'1 1>6e-rtr6~'1r~) o.-~ (6e- ro.-C>LL' 6.<,6' '1' e-6~ 2, 000 -~b C>.D~c-c a.... r cr c:; 6.rcr...=> ?-7C>do.-r' )"CC>do.-r', '1r;:::>n b '1P Cl>r~c-LL~ 6dLI>nr b 60.-Crl>c-L.<,'. C6L Co.- Lc-L"c-'1J­ "o.-~~b .<,6Lnr'660.-;:::>0.-~~6r~. " L~6' 60.-Cr 6e-L 50-rb pr'r'Jnc­ 6e- 6Lb )Pc- b L6e-r'd' dL~ 6d­ 66)6?-C>< [>6r'L7r~ '1)'1Lc-'1~­ ~, L 6 e-r'd' dL~ 6dLc>n"r b "o.-J Ll>nc-C»~b "o.-nr'Jo.-)b Lc-CC>~~ L~6' "o.-d7c>r~r~b r'bo.-Le-rLrte-­ '1r'?-Cc>r~c-LL~. 1»'. "6L~ C>6rr~ Cd'1 6dLc>nr 6Lc- Pr''1~ )Pr'67rC>Le-C»J' C "o.-JL~' 6.0.<,' '1'e-.<,~ "o.-d7c>rr­ LrTL Lc-L"r b 50 - r b pr'r'Jnc-r b r'Lc-~~'1rnb "0.-) 60.-)~~C> r '1r~b ," 66)6~r )"7C>Jnc>~.<,' 6e-r7[>r'1­ "o.-d7c>rr'Lc-~~'1rnb "o.-r'1e-)60.-rn 6e-c>rL~v' Co.- 66)6?-b Malouf Cd Po.-[>7~b '1rr~b "o.-~r.<,' '1)rn b ~L 66)6n~J. 6LCI>b CCr7)60.-­ I\~rte-C> CL)~~LrtC>~~b C6Lb cr.<,' e- C> r ~ J'Cr L 66) 6?- [> < [> 6 e- C> C r ' r r c , II "o.-~~b .o6d?-r~, '1r'?-CC>6e-1\) 60.-­

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La-iC>' ' IIJ< L6L;,.L.o Mr.G.Sullivan--l Northwest Territories and Yukon Territory were welcomed to Anchorage by Mayor George Sullivan >bc>n;,.c>cC»' Qd~a-~ra- npr'LLC following the parade through the down town streets. Brian Purdy, president of the ARCTIC WINTER IIJn~f' < Governor William A. Egan declared the Games offi­ cially open by lighting a torch, then read a telegram Mr. Brian Purdy, < , from United States President Richard Nixon wishing the participants "the best of luck" and welcoming r-L;"C>d~J In-l' ,b<:Q7 W,A. Egan One of the primary purposes of the Arctic Winter cL";,.i b • C 6L~ < cn~nb i with your brother or sister or with your school mates "CC ~a-r-Lb Cc>na-i b 6.r-6' .r-Q fa-- able to play against the athletes you have never CQ bcC» b CLQ faced before in a competition," she said excitingly. Miss Mease was very pleased with the accommo­ IIJr'LfCia- Qa-)6Q iC>a- b dations provided by the host city. "It is very good Cd b 6L. II J r- f ~CbC~nb Although Debra wasn't too pleased with the transportation set up, she praised the bus drivers bcC»b C6L IIJLL ~f b~bcC>i Arctic Winter Games, and she predicts that the op­ "

23 e-e-L" ,'.Jc 6c-r'<:e-e-LLL C ~6e-~) b, I\J <16n6 J Cl.)n C .D60-t\c <1L-=>o-c Cl.70-t\C, 6c- 0-<16no-t\-=>o-c <1do-<1-=>b I\J<1~r'o-t\c <1)) 6Cl. -=>nb C 6Lc- C d e-~r'L r Co-t\ C I\J<1no-b I\J<1r'Jt\c <1 C ,'<1-=>b 6.D6- .DCl.r'<1< 6<:LrC <1L"o-<1rL<1b Cl.-=>Cl.)b 6.D6-=>0-<1LLC 6~ Commissioner Stuart M. Hodgson in background watches C'-LrCl.t\c C6Lb ~6e-~r"

Miss Mease r'" Ct\ r 6 Ce-~ cr"b <16- ~'-,e-~r"r- ""C;6,'" I\J<16nr c 6nLr'n b ULc- C>6c-LJCl.6 C) 6 C 6.D b I\J<1,,<1LLr I\J<1r')<1~n <1r'r"b

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'-,e-,,",'nb L~t\,'n <1e-r'6rc>c '-,e-"JCl.)o-b <1Pc-"d c I\J <1n"b. C6Lc- '-,e-"c-e-C>d b IO-"b I\J <1CC>L"b ULc- 16-) 6Cl.6 c I\J <1C C>e-C>d C 6.o6C .DCl.r"rc>c .oCl.r'<1rc>c ) Lc-C>e-C»C 9-.oc Cl.L<.oC '-,e-c>,'nb <1e-r' 6 rc>.D c

"c I\J<1n-=>r c pJc-r'L,'nb '-,e-~e-C» 6 C .DCl.r'<1rc>.oc <1e- r' 6 r C> C 6 Cl. C C> < 1\ J <1n r " b A Welcome from the Host city of Anchorage, Alaska. PJc-,'nb <1L-=> <1e-r'6rc>.oc '-,e-

24 r71>C.J»C o..L <.c. c 16-.c.c • ULc- dll ALASKA CAPTURES ARCTIC WINTERS GAMES FLAG. c PJc-bLC C6L ",,-a- J n' 6L6c- L ,,-I» C and went on to win 10 out of 16 events to capture the Games' Flag. Northwest Territories was runner-up, nine points behind Alaska, while the defending Champions from JI>'- ,,'" C;7 b~ "6\C;7 I> .c.a- r Yukon Territory wound up 16 points behind Alaska. C 2 2 2 6 NWT 32 47 57 136 YUKON 21 40 26 87 6.£j6 C ..LCL.LCT IIJ~a- 1974-Jn..:>J II r' < terms 74 Games 'Certainly Successful' President of the AWG CORPORATION, Mr. B. 6,,-r' I>b,,-I»' IILr­ Purdy and most of the members said that "the ) 6' . Games accomplished fundamental goals, and the Games were very successful."

SITE NAMED FOR 1976 ARCTIC WINTER b IP~~c .c.o..~c 1>7C;- Alaska, the scene will change drastically as the a-b dll.D' -Do..L C Ib- the Games. "a-..:>a-. C,,-a-

Brian Purdy, < , CLOSING CEREMONIES I>b,,-I»b IIJr' lIo..r­ During the closing ceremony, three nude youths streaked through the gymnasium shortly after the r'i IIJ..:>n b 1974-~ national anthems of both the United States and Canada. Brian Purdy, who was re-elected president c .c.br'n..:>r of the ARCTIC WINTER GAMES CORPORATION presented ihe Games' flag to the Alaska delegation. c c .Dbr'n..:>r IILr Governor H. A. Boucher. ..:> 6 r ~ r' r c II J r' • Brian Purdy, a-~~6\a-b Cd.c.L IIJ< "6L"l>n­ La- b .c.c )a-r',,-I»b. IIJ,,-1» b < b < o....:>o.. 6 d CL Sketch of the official badge. 25 J-~ " .-re .- . --

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~6 THE STORY OF PUDLAKSAQ by Francois Quasa for Inummarit -Igloolik

Pudlaksaq and his adopted brother Pijaq were living alone in an igloo. Beside them lived a mean old man who was grandfather to Pijaq. One day, Pijaq arrived home from a hunt bringing a seal. He started to cut up the meat. While he was cutting it up his mean grandfather said to him, "Son, I hear that your brother Pudlakasq is planning to kill you." Pijaq did not answer or look at him but kept doing his work. The old man hated Pudlaksaq so much he was scheming to get his grandson to kill him. He was lying when he said Pudlaksaq was planning to kill Pijaq. Pijaq, without saying a word, left the seal he was cutting up and with the knife still in his hand went to kill Pudlaksaq. It so happened that Pudla~saq,who was standing near the igloo, heard all the talk. He was ready to defend himself and began to run around the igloo as Pijaq gave chase. The chase between Pudlaksaq and Pijaq went on and on but Pijaq was the stronger runner and was gain- •

PUDLASAQ

Igloolime Franqois Quasamut tamna aglatausimavok KemeKoame attilingme "Inummarit."

Pudlasallo aningallo tiguavinik igluvigaKalaukpok inutuangudlutik, sanilliKadlutik iktualungmik atatsianga­ nik Pijab. Uvlut illangane Pijaq tikilaukpok omajungniagiasimaKKadlune puijingmik naksadlune. Pillaktillugo atatsia­ minut oKautijauniadlune, "Ernerk, tussalaukpunga toKuksigomaninga illingnik aniatsuit Pudlasaq." Pijaq kioniangimaridlune taekkosaganiloniH, sulliagijangminik kajusiudjituinadlune. (I. ktualok Pudlasamik piungisagaluamut Oktulauktok Kanok Pijaqmut toKutaugajamanat saglodlune oKadlune toKutaugomaninga Pijaq.) Pijaq niplilauksimagane Kemaililaukpok puijingmik pillaktaminik. Savingmillo naksadlune Kinigiania­ lidlune Pudlasamik inaugialUlidlugo. Sunauvalle Pudlasaq sanianesimaniatillugo igluvigaub oKajanganik tussaniadlune. Taimaidlune atuinau­ laukpok puiligiamik ingminik. Akpallinialidlune igluvigak kaivalladlugo Pijaq ullatillugo.

HISTOIRE DE PUDLAKSAQ par Fram;:ois Quasa pour Inummarit -Igloolik

Pudlaksaq et son frere adoptif Pijaq demeuraient seuls dans un igloo. Leur voisin, un vieillard, eta it Ie grand-pere de Pijaq. Un jour, Pijaq revenant de la chasse commen9a a depecer un phoque. Tandis qu'ille depe9ait, son grand­ pere lui dit: «Mon fils, j'ai appris que ton frere Pudlaksaq a !'intention de te lUeL» Pijaq ne repondit pas, mais sans lui jeter un regard, continua son travail. Le vieillard detestait tellement Pudlaksaq qu'il tenta d'inciter son petit-fils a Ie tuer. II avait menti en declarant que Pudlaksaq se proposait de lUer Pijaq. Ce dernier, silencieux, laissa Ie phoque qu'il etait en train de depecer et, arme encore de son cou­ teau, voulut tuer Pudlaksaq. Or, Pudlaksaq, qui se trouvait a proximite de I'igloo, entendit tout. II etait pret 11 se defendre et se mit 11 courir autour de I'igloo, pourchasse par Pijaq. ·La course entre Pudlaksaq et Pijaq continua, mais Pijaq, plus vigoureux, gagna du terrain. Lorsque Pudlaksaq se rendit compte que Pijaq Ie rattraperait, il se jeta dans un fosse 00 les blocs de glace avaient ete

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8 ing. When Pudlaksaq knew that Pijaq would catch him, he threw himself into a pit from which snow blocks had been lifted to build porches for the igloo. Pijaq followed him. Pudlaksaq, at the last moment, turned his knife upward and Pijaq fell on it and was fatally wounded. Pudlaksaq was wise in that way. Pudlaksaq, afraid because he had killed Pijaq, decided to run away to where there was open water. He left the adopted brother behind. When Pijaq's father found out that his son had been killed, he chased after Pudlaksaq by dogteam. Many others joined in the chase. The people closed in on Pudlaksaq with their dogteams and from a distance he heard Pijaq's father shout­ ing and crying at the same time: "When I catch you, I will kill you slowly." When the dogteams came close Pudlaksaq built a snow wall and hid behind it. A loose dog running ahead of the pursuing teams smelled Pudlaksaq in his hiding place. He told the dog that it was in great danger and to keep on going. The dog turned and went on running. The other dogs followed. As the dog­ teams passed on toward the flowedge, the father was still shouting and crying: "If I could only catch him, I would kill him." His voice trailed off until it could not be heard anymore. Some time later Pudlaksaq saw them coming back. The man was still shouting. The pursuers thought that he had escaped them and gone far away. All the time he was hiding behind the snow wall. When the search party arrived home, Pudlaksaq's real little brother was playing with his whips. Pijaq's grandfather went to him. He was scared of the old man and pretended to use his whip on him. Thinking that

Akunialok ullautiliktillugik Pijaq amgutisigiasiniadlune Pudlasamik sangijOniksaugame. Pudlasaq Kaujima­ ligame amgutijaulingniminik misiniadlune kiglaliuktausimajungmut sanaktonut igluvigaub tuksOsanganik, Pilaqmut maliktaunginadlune. Pudlasaq sangokallagame pallavioniadlune savinganut tudlune Pijaq annidlune. Pudlasaq kappiasuligame toKugasugigamiuk issumaKanialidlune Kimagiamik imakpimut. Aningminik Kimainiadlune. Atatanga tussagame Pijaq toKutauninga, Kemutsikut ullagiasilaukpok Pudlasamik. Kemutsingnut Pudlasaq kaivallataunialidlune. Atatanga tussanialidlugo Kaningitome KoKuatillugo Kiad­ lune, "Sukkaitomik toKuniakpagit amgutigupkit." Kemutsit Kaniktugulingmata Pudlasaq aputingmik Kangmaliunialidlune ijiksimalidlunillo tunuane. Nai­ jauniadlune Kingmimutpesimajungnut nallianukkiak Kemutsingmit. Kingmimik kajusiKKujituinaniadlune pikalludlaguangmat. Kingmik sangutuinadlune aulianialidluneKing­ minut illanginut maliktaugiasilidlune. Kemutsit Kangiliktillugit sidjalialidlutik atatanga tussataunialidlune Ko­ Kuatillugo, "Omatillugotok nagvadlalaulago toKuniagapko." Nipakillivallianialidlune tussaksaugungnaidluninut. SiagOliktillugo Pudlasab taekkoniadlugit utiliktillugit sulle atatanga oKapiluatillugo, uliaKattauK~aujut issumaKaliktillugit Kimaktauningminik, Kaningitomegasugiksilidlutik, ijiksimainatillugolle aputiub tunuane. Tikingmata angeKamutullasimajut Pudlasab nukanga aipa ipigautaktungualaukpok, aviuniadlune Pijab atatsianganut. Nukanga ipigaktuinguanialidlune iktumik iksigijangminik. Pijaungmarigasugiligame iktuk saving-

taillt;s pour construire Ie portique de I'igloo. Pijaq Ie suivit, mais au dernier moment Pudlaksaq brandit son couteau et Pijaq, tombant dessus, fut mortellement blesse. Pudlaksaq s'etait ainsi montre sage. Pudlaksaq, effraye d'avoir tue Pijaq, decida de s'enfuir au large, abandonnant son fri"e adoptif. Lorsque Ie pere de Pijaq constata que son fils avait ete tue, il se mit a poursuivre Pudlaksaq avec son attelage de chiens. Nombre d'autres participerent a la chasse. Les gens se rapprocherent de Pudlaksaq avec leurs attelages et a une certaine distance, ce dernier en­ tendit Ie pere de Pijaq crier, la voix coupee de sanglots: «Quand je faurai, je te tuerai a petit feu.» A I'approche des attelages, Pudlaksaq edifia un mur de neige et se dissimula derriere. Un chien isole, de­ van,ant les attelages, f1aira Pudlaksaq dans sa cachette. Celui-ci dit au chien qu'il courait un grand danger et de continuer. Le chien S8 remit acourir. Les autres chians Ie suivirent. Les attelages continuerent leur route en direction du rivage; mais Ie pere tirait encore en criant: «Si je pouvais seulement I'attraper, je Ie tuerais.» Sa voix de plus en plus lointaine s'eteignit. Un peu plus tard, Pudlaksaq Ie vit revenir. II tirait encore. Les autres crurent qu'i1leur avait echappe et se trouvait fort eloigne. Durant tout ce temps-la, il se dissimulait derriere Ie mur de neige. Au retour de I'equipe de chercheurs, Ie propre petit frere de Pudlaksaq jouait avec ses fouets. Le grand­ pere de Pijaq s'approcha de lui. Effraye par Ie vieillard, il feignit de Ie frapper avec son fouet. Croyant que Ie petit voulait Ie blesser, Ie vieillard arme de son couteau lui taillada I'estomac.

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BO the little boy meant some harm, the old man took a knife and slashed him across the stomach. His insides fell out although he tried to hold them in. As soon as the intestines fell on the ground they froze. He died shortly after. In the meantime Pudlaksaq reached the flowedge. He broke off a piece of ice to make a raft and started out towards an island where his brother-in-law was staying. After Pudlaksaq had been living with his sister and her husband for sometime they started to practise archery. They became so skilled that when one of them threw the vertebrae from a seal into the air, the other could send an arrow through the hole in it without ever missing. They were sure that they had nothing to fear from anybody who might come for revenge. All through the winter they lived alone and during that time kept practising with their bows and arrows. One day, when summer had come, a group of skin boats (umiaks) appeared far out from the shore. People were coming to take revenge on Pudlaksaq. Pudlaksaq and his brother-in-law got ready and waited as the umiaks drew nearer. When the umiaks were very near the shore, Pudlaksaq started to run. He was baiting·the people who had come for revenge. When they jumped ashore they all started to chase him. In doing so they were easy targets for Pudlaksaq's sister and her husband. They always aimed at the last runner. Whenever one man was shot, the others thought he has been left behind. All of the attackers were killed in this manner.

minut nangagut seniadlugo. Inaluangit kattaganialidlutik tigumiagasudlagalualidlugit. Nunamut aktutuagamik Koaniadlutik. ToKuniadlunilio siagogiangutualingmat. Pudlasalle imakpimut tikiniadlune. Sik6b puktaj6b Kangagut ikanialidlune Kikitamut ningaugaksungata angeKanganut. Akunigalak tujungmiuligame najakungmine, illingniagiasilaukput pititsikagiamik. Aglat puijiub kujapi­ gangata tamat pinis6ngonialidlutik kiglangagut kujapigak igiKKadlugo. Pijiaugiagajagunik kappiasuniagun­ gnaidlutil16net. Aujautillugo uvlut illangane saKKiniadlutik umiat Kaningitome.Assuila Inuit Kailiktut kiugiatuliktut Pudlasa­ mik. Pudlasaq ningaugak sungallo atuinaguktinialidlutik utaKKilidlutik umianik Kaniktuguliktunik. Pudlasaq akpalligiasiniadlune ullataugomamut Kailiktunut Kaniktuagulameliktunut. Sidjamut tikigamik ullanialidlutik saKKijaksiamarilidlutik ningaugaksunganut najanganullo Kukitaugaksatuinaulidlutik. Ullatut kingrlipanga tamat toKutaungmat illaminut KimaktaugasugituinaKattatilugo. Taimak toKuganiadlugit iliOnatik. Arnangit ipuktiusimajut sidjamedlutik tuksiagiasinialidlutik Pudlasaq ailingmat. Pudlasab nuKKaKuniad­ lugit oKautidlugit tuksiagutiksaKagungnainingit. Kianialidlutik tussagamik angutingit toKungalingningit.

II fut etripe, meme s'il tenta de proteger ses entrailles, qui tomberent sur Ie sol et gelerent immediatement. II mourut peu de temps apres. Dans l'intervalle, Pudlaksaq atteignit Ie rivage. II detacha un bloc de glace pour se construire un radeau et se dirigea vers une He oll demeurait son beau-frere. Apres avoir vecu quelque temps ensemble, Pudlaksaq, sa soeur et son beau-frere commencerent a s'exercer au tir ararc. lis devinrent si habiles que quand run d'entre eux lan~ait les vertebres d'un phoque dans I'air, un autre pouvait enfoncer une fleche dans Ie trou de la vertebre sans meme viser. lis etaient per­ suades qu'ils n'avaient rien acraindre de quiconque tenterait de se venger. Tout Ie long de rhiver, ils de­ meurerent sauls et continuerent as'exercer au tir arare. Un jour d'ete, un groupe d'embarcations en peau (umiaks) parurent arhorizon. On venait faire un mau­ vais parti a Pudlaksaq. Pudlaksaq et son beau-frere se timent prets et attendirent les umiaks. Quand ils furent pres du rivage, Pudlaksaq se mit acourir. II tenta d'attirer ces gens qui cherchaient ase venger dans un guet-apens. Lors­ qu'ils sauterent sur Ie rivage, ils se mirent tous asa poursuite. Ce faisant, ils furent des cibles faciles pour la soeur de Pudlaksaq et son mario lis viserent toujours Ie dernier poursuivant. Quand un homme eta it abattu, les autres crurent qu'il avait lache. Tous les agresseurs furent tues de cette fa~on.

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32 The women who has rowed the umiaks had remained on the shore. When Pudlaksaq approached them they were all singing. He told them to stop for there was nothing to sing about anymore. All of them started crying and lamenting when he told them that their husbands had been killed. The mean old grandfather was hiding in one of the umiaks. When he was discovered he climbed out and tried to scare Pudlaksaq off with his empty bow. Padlaksaq in turn pretended to hit the old man and when the old one closed his eyes, Pudlaksaq knifed him in the stomach. It was the same way that he had cut the little boy's stomach open. The old man was put into an umiak and carried away by the women. Everytime the umiak rocked the old man who was holding his intestines would cry out: "Watch it! Watch it! Don't let my blood spill!" Thus, the old man who had started all the killing by telling one lie was punished.

Nute atatsiagalua ijiksimaniatillugo umiat illangane. Kaujijaugame saKKiniadlune kappiasagigasualidlune Pudlasamik pititsingminut sapkutaKangitomut. Pudlasab anaugianguaniadlugo iktuk. Sikungilangmat Pudlasab saviniadlugo nangagut. taimaksainak saviksilaungningatut surusingmik. Iktuk umialiataudlune arnanut aullautijauniatillugo. Umiak uvingmat tamiit iktuk KuKoakaliaKattalidlune tigumiadlune inaluangminik. "Kamaksiagikse I Kamaksiagikse I Auga koviniagasiuk" Tagva iktualok pigiasitiksisimajok inuaKattautijunik saglod!une atausiatuinadlune anikpanaktauvok.

Les femmes qui avaient rame, etaient demeurees sur la rive. AI'approche de Pudlaksaq, toutes chantaient. II leur dit de se taire, car il n'y avait rien de rejouissant. Elles se mirent apleurer et ase lamenter quand il leur apprit que leurs maris avaient ete tues. Le mechant grand-pere se dissimula dans I'un des umiaks. Quand il fut decouvert. il debarqua, tentant de faire peur a Pudlaksaq avec son arc demuni de fleche. Pudlaksaq ason tour feignit de frapper Ie vieillard et quand ce dernier ferma les yeux, Pudlaksaq lui donna coup de couteau dans I'estomac. C'est ainsi qu'il avait eventre Ie petit garyon. Le vieillard fut installe dans un umiak par les femmes. Chaque fois que I'umiak ballottait. Ie vieillard disait en se tenant I'estomac: «Faites attention. Ne laissez pas man sang sa repandre.» C'est ainsi que fut puni Ie vieillard instigateur de cette tuerie.

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bCI>c.J>cr-L'.Cd.ocr-bnCI>r'r'nb O-Icr-Icr-~ ­ west Territories however, the right to take what is r'r'nb CI>r'n b Llb .oO-r71>-.<6' b<:LrC 6lcrp~nb I\JO-cr-bnCI>cr-rC (cr-rC) 6,,-L 6L6)d»' .oo-Ib cr-1>~nb~O-~nb, Jnr <:~J, C6L"60-b 1\1 ~nb .00-1>< < 1".0' I\JO-cr-L r­ IL' -"0-r'<

KOLLIKASAJAIT LA STEATITE DES OJAGAIT T.N.-O.

NORTHWEST II Y a tres longtemps, lorsque les terres du Canada TERRITORY- NE furent divisees en provinces. certains droits furent accordes aux gouvernements de CBS provinces. Siagoksoak Canadab nunangit aviuKKatautaina­ Parmi CBS droits, il y avait celui de vendre ou louer mata ingmigulingaktilidlugit, governmentingit les terres. tant leur surface que les ressources de leur tunidjivigijaulaukput maligaksanginik perKujangnik, sous-sol. Toutefois, dans les Territoires du Nord­ perKujauningata illanga imailingalaukpok; nuna­ Ouest, Ie droit d'extraire les ressources du SQus-sol minik aullaisongolaukput ubvaluloniH aktatuviu­ ne peut etre accorde que par Ie gouvernement songolaukput akiliKattalugit ilauKatautillugit nunab federal. Kanganejut atanetullonet. Northwest Territory- Or, la steatite (pierre de savon) que nos conge­ nille tigOllaviusongolaukput nunangata atanit kis­ neres utilisent depuis des siecles se rencontre gene­ siane perKujaudlutik governmentinganut Canab ralement dans Ie sous-sol. Elle est consideree comme illOnangata. :un mineral et son exploitation au extraction est Kolliksajak ojagak atuliktavut taimanganialok assujettie au reglement sur I'octroi des concessions unuktune hundane jarene nagviltaunikpausongovuk d'extraction du quartz dans les Territoires du Nord­ nunaub alane. Ivlingnaktunut ojagangnut illagi­ Ouest. jaunigaktauvok, tigOlatauningola nunamit maliKata­ Pendant de nombreu'ses annees, personV ne giaKavok perKujangnik maliktausongnik ojagan­ s'interessait a('exploitation de la steatite, ai'excep­ gniataulingmata KaKuktait ikomallasut Northwest tion des Esquimaux. Toute personna pouvait en Territory-na. prendre avolonte pour fabriquer des lampes ou di- Inuit assinginut kinakungnulonet ojagangniatau­ gomagungnalaungilat Kolliksajait siagot;IIugo. Manale jarene Kangiktune ikiktOliaKilingmata akito­ sidlutillo ivlinaktOliaKisimalidlutillo taimanganit

38 "0..I>L"7 b , "b Soapstone, which has been used by our people t:.",-,,' c-)b o..L,-=> Ct:.LLb for centuries, is generally found below ground level. It is considered a mineral and the mining or extrac­ "b "'0..1>< rJr" , "Ct:.L tion of it is regulated by the "Regulations for the t:.L' 1>7C;-,,' t:.c.r7I>nCl>r" -,,0..,J7 C; t:.' 1>7C;,,c-LC 1>7C;" L"7 b Lc- L "" ­ "C- as much as he needed for making lamps or carving. b Cl>nCI>~b :' In recent years, because Inuit carving became well­ known in the south, soapstone began to get scarce 1-=>'" "o..I>L" and very expensive. Because the sale of good carv­ 71 b 1>7C;" r) b t:.-"t:.' L"7I b dc-c-,,' nJ,JbCc.l>,JL~'.Lo.. we should, through our councils or co-ops, file mining claims to all known or freshly discovered I>"""c- o..' ",o..r" bl>?-71>,JLC, regulations to protect ourselves and our cash in­ come. Information, forms, maps and any other de­ "o..J.;>n.;>."o..J~7"b '<>0..>-'" I>nn,Jb N.W.T. You may write in any language. CrLLC t:..<>t:..;> t:.c.r.<>'

Inuit sananguagangit Kaujijaulaungmatanit Kab­ verses sculptures. Toutefois, depuis quelques annees, lunat nunangine. les sculptures esquimaudes ont acquis una reputa­ Piuniksait sananguajausimajut aullaita~ngmata tion dans Ie Sud, de sorte que la steatite a commen­ utiktisisongomata kenaujangmik nunaptingnut, ce adevenir rare at tres chere. Comma la vente de kamagiksiagiaKangmarilikpavullo Kolliksajaktalling­ sculptures est une source tres importante de revenus nik aksatauktuKalingmangat pitaKakpat nunangata pour nos agglomerations, il est done devenu Ires saniane nuname assianektomut. important de proteger les depots qui avoisinent Aksatuaktailigomagupta aglaKaktatuksaulikpo­ chacune d'entre elles. gut pitagomangnigaluta Kolliksajaktalingmik mana Pour eviter de perdre nos reserves de steatite, Kaujimajaugektunik pitaKangningit nagvatauge­ naus devrions, par I'intermediaire de nos conseils au tainasimajunillo aglautigilugit angejuKKauKati­ cooperatives, demander des droits sur tous les gektigut niuvikvitigulonet co-opikut. OKausikut depots connus. En d'autres termes, naus devrions assiagut; atutuingnatuksaulikpogut perKujaliuk­ utiliser la reglementation miniere pour naus proteger tausimajunik maligaksauKodlugit aksiitauktailiguti­ at proteger nos revenus. On peut obtenir des formu­ gituingnaliklugit, kenaujangnillo nuKKatitauktailiu­ laires, des cartes et divers renseignements ace sujet tigiliklugillo kenaujangnik tikisongnik sananguagait en s'adressant au directeur regional de I'exploitatian auliaiKadlugit. Aglatausimajut Kaujigutit, alakasa­ des ressources, ministere des Affaires indiennes et jaillo aKKisuktaugiallit ojagangniagomajungnul, du Nord canadien, immeuble Bellacca, Yellowknife nunangualo, Kauj igiallatuKagomapalio ojagangni­ (T.N.-O.). Vous pouvez ecrire dans la langue de animut Kolliksajangmik pivlugo, aglatuksauvut vatre choix. uvunga: REGIONAL DIRECTOR OF RESOURCES, DEPT. of INDIAN & NORTHERN AFFAIRS, BELLANCA BUILDING, YELLOWKNIFE, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. AglatuKasongovuk tamaunga Kab unaktulonEit inuktulonet.

39 pa..I>;,-"l>n) b CLC, C6L6Lc .<.a..c-.<.c The Editor of Inuttituut has heard that there has been confusion in one settlement already because b",,-=>nb "a..I>L"CAI><::)C CL" two different groups claimed the use of the nearest b",,nb .<.a..c- c

CLdL";,-CAI><::)C "c -"a.. b "a..I>L";,-Cbrl?-;,-I>blb .<.a..C -"c nJr't\l>bCda..f c b nL?-nJc dnJ-=>"c "a..I>L"Cc- c a..1"rl,,~-=>fc nn~r'L~C)"I>~Jc. C6 Lb I>;,-~,,J a..fLC I><::JCl>b "a..I>L";,-Ct\f<::C>"b a..1"b,,~-=>C nn~r'L~b-=>C I>JLr'r'nb n n~r'L~C;::>L"I>< I"-"c bl>?-b,,;::>L~,c .<.a..JLJn-=>"c I>d.<.L nn~-=>n J\J

0.. ) < , Regional Director of Resources, Department of Indian and Northern

KemeKoaliukte "Inuttituu!"-mik tussasimage­ Le ",dacteur en chef d'inuttituut a appris qu'il y a laukpok nalunaktuKasimangmarilingninganik atau­ deja eu un certain conllit dans une localite, quand singme nuname Inungit maggOlingalidlutik ta­ deux groupes differents ant voulu obtenir I'utilisa­ mangmik pitagomamut Kolliksajangmik tamagin­ tion du meme depot de steatite. Inuttituut accueillera gnut Kaniktomik. OKausiksaKagukse ojagaub avec plaisir les observations que vous auriez afor­ Kolliksajaub pitagijaungninganik nunapse saniane, muler au sujet de I'approvisionnement en ce mate­ "'nuttituu!" tussagomavok illingnil. riau dans votre region.

40 Affairs, Bellance Building, Yellowknife, N.W.T. 1>61>r'a-1>6\' <])~n' C>L nn­ c;;:>a.)n' •

6.Dn) c-n.?- b ) ",,-1» b L;:> 6' r'i b "a.I>L"7(c-i b (Lib a.ia-6a-C;rn b ia-J,,-l>n6 6 a.)6\a­ I> f L"76)i b a.ia-6a­ C;~nb nnC;r'L~dnc-a.I>« 6rL7 c-)b "a.I>L"7(c- b a.c-f-<.' Af7I>LL' a.~fdn"a-b • .Da.r' ~L~a-S .Da.r' "a-L"7(6\f<:(r' i".D' 6-<.)6a. 1>61>r'''6;:>r', 6-<.n)c-n.?-~' nnC;;:>a.i­ ~r' (<: ) c;l>n L: Editor, Inuttituut 400 Laurier Avenue West, Room l02l-B Ottawa, Ontario K1A OH4

41 (. ~~ Lr~~ ~~r~~ G~&6~~) &~~n~r L& ~,n~ ~>~

Elijah Menarik has long been the voice of Inuit radio. He is now producing the first television program in our language. He is a former manager of Radio Station CHAK in Inuvik and has many years experience in finding the material to broadcast with. We can all help. Just write to him in care of C.B.C. Montreal.

42 JjC~ ,.IA,.IclC: Q.t-t>nL NEW CBC J:!AJj6. JjQ.rcr SHORTWAVE SERVICE r'1\r'd C dr' FOR NUNAGA Lc-CL 6.L6c '<>Cl.r"il>Lc."b [>.:>CLc A 13-year-old dream of the C.B.C. Northern Serv­ ,,"b Cl.c.l>nd c Cl.c.JCl.d?-r'n b ice became a reality in early November 1973 when listeners were invited to listen to 19 hours of daily "C;Cc.l>d b .L6'\L I\n.l>< CPL broadcasting in Inuit, Cree, French and English on 1973 I\rn.:>J. Cdb )­ two stations. The programs are especially directed to the north country by powerful 250,000 watt trans­ "b "l>6'\b l>.:>CLc 6bC>""b (b 6<:c.J mitters. These are the same transmitters that used to r'"b) I 9-"b 6.Ln) )"b ,6b pc-n)­ be used for the overseas programs, but as that serv­ ice has been reduced, two extra transmitters became ) "b ,l> 6 J 6n) ) "b, b .:> Cl. n ) )" .:> ) " available for northern use. 6'\l>JCl.c-)b. The audience will be people living in northern Quebec, parts of Labrador, northern Ontario, the 6Lb 250, 000 -,,~ "r"c-.Jc (r' Keewatin and Franklin districts of N.W.T. The exist­ C c J"c-.J ) Cl.c.l>n"b "l\bnr'Jn.L ence throughout the day of two broadcast frequen­ Cl.c.L"6C 6.D 6C -"Cl.r.Dc-LJCl.r'nCl>c.­ cies means that a northern listener is able to tune in a second channel if one becomes weak or distorted [»c. Cd<:"i~c Cn.l>~r'n b , Cd.<>L .:>Cl.6Ln eight and one-half hours daily which included a five­ 6.L6C .LCl. r "il> L .:>6 C Cl.c.l>n r -"c ,,1\ minute daily Eskimo language newscast and a thirty minute weekly Cree newsmagazine program. With the extension to 19 hours, they plan to increase the Eskimo and Cree programming. Increase in staff and C d n ­ contracts to free-lance contributors have been se­ iJc )"JCl.c-)C l>dCl." .DCl.b)C 6.L6 verely limited due to lack of funds. In the meantime, the 19 hours will include programs from the French .LCl.r" d 6c, c.<) Cl.L C 6 and English networks, particularly news and sports. c.L" .LCl.C- c , n.l>< 6c.L"il>c Traditional listeners will be pleased to learn that P>c .LCl.r' 6c.L"il>c. C­ one of their favourite and most reliable shortwave dnJ c "l\bnr'Jnd c Cl.c.JCl.)6C Cl.c.­ frequencies (9,625 megaHerz) is being retained for the important 6 :30 p.m.-1 :30 a.m. Eastern Time 6'\L C .J c "c r'c.l>< transmission period; while 5,960 kiloHerz will be the JCl.6c.l>nCl.J Cl.c.l>n c 6c 6.L .<>Cl.r"Ll>.:>CLb 6bl>""b (b6 <:c.Jr'"b) r'CLl>~)6Cl."b ,,7r c 5-iCl.r'ib 6bl>"l>< pnb L"b 6b pc-n)) bJ l>.:>CLc LCl.c- l>.:>CLc Cl.c.l>nb 6b- l>""b (b6<:c.Jr'"b) 19-"b "7<" n))C 6b pc-n)).:> n Cl> b Cn. n d

43 Many of the programs are broadcast from the C.B.C. Montreal Production Centre. They are pro­ P.:>7 6' duced by and for the Inuit and are sent by ANIK .:>CL' 19-" satellite. Some are rebroadcast from stations at Frobisher, Inuvik and Churchill. 6bl>""b O-e.-Cl>b Ce.-l","-,,' 1>6J 6n)) b.:>o..n)).:> AJ I>b"b o..e.-C-" For those who have televesion sets there is a five minute program after the National News at 2300 6e.-f71>b Ce.-l","' • hours. It is called TARQRAVUT and features Elijah Menarik and Aimo Nookiguak. They give informa­ 0.. e.- < ) 6' d t\ e.- l l .:> ' 0.. e.- tion in Inuktitut that is of special interest to people t\)bl 6Lb 0...:>0..6dC~b 9,625 in the Eastern Arctic.

megaHerz I> -,,) d ' 6: 30 - J <, I> -,, J 0.. e.-t\ I> J 0.. b C e.- ­ L L' , b o..e.-t\I>Jo..e.-lln.:>J 6Lb 0...:>0..6dC~b 5,960 kiloHerz I>e.- d' A f " 7: 1 5 - J <, 7 n P­ .:>J, a...c..(\b 5,960 kiloHerz ~ f C I>e.- l","b o..e.-t\ C b II> ",".J , (,,.a "'''.. \oCl,.< (c;<:< (.1<1 6Lb 11,720 kiloHerz -Ib 0..':>0.. 6 ­ eLf" <:) ...<

C~.J' Elijah Menarik and Aimo Nookiguak in an interview during the d • first Inuit television show-Tarqravut. Both of these men work on many different radio programs that are heard at home.

44

[).r.d' O-c-J P .J~' Only Yesterday ~rO-c~)-=> nrtLcr~-=>dcrC;,b crl> This is the second part ofthe life story ofAma­ t\LC C< r'L-=> nrtLcr~dnc[)< P) goalik written for Inuttituut. As mentioned before we have tried to leave it just as it was written. Amagoalik L rcr b I\bO-bC;r'~cr'cr I\nCl>b C;::JL.J' was born near Inoucdjouac (Port Harrison) in 1933 and moved to Resolute Bay in 1953. crl>t\~t\crcrb. crP~7b ~br'~-=>b LL< c-I>L' cr P~7cl» 6' O--=>O-C;nb 6b-=>­ ... At night it was fun listening to the sound of the men coming in from the hunt. The dogs could be LC I>bd~ crP~7crcLc O-rt~r'cr >c-rt heard at night when they were coming. When a man ~O-', crP~76-=> bc-rcrcLrcr ~cr brought home something valuable such as a fox skin, we children would be very friendly with his so ~bcr~'L'.6c-r-=> we might share in whatever the skin would buy. 6.<>6' crrtL -=>~r'nb r';::J~crb ~6) 6r'J The flour was very delicious and if some,one was making bannock everyone could smell it. I would r,LC ULO- dt\~O-rLrt cr rt b b cr P b ' was finished and when they started eating they ~cl>~l>nr'r' 6nnCI>r'nb crrtncl>cL)b;::J0-6)~L' that was not good. P,~)60-r'J Pb)60-c;r'c<,r'n b 6c-­ When human food was scarce it was hard to feed the dogs. What there was had to be divided care­ r-=> 6b~0-JLr~b-=>cr.crrtb­ fully. At feeding time each dog would be called in by 6~' );::>~.r.' 6b~Cl>r~bLC they would not fight over the food. I remember that ~nL U67 1>L' p,b 6nCI>b >t\cr) ,I>' ~d~~Ln­ I am thinking only about the things I saw and did at that time when I wasn't very old. I was afraid of -=>r' 6.r.L )~c-,b ""nd?--Lc d pl>n- the priest and the police because the people used ~-=>cr b c I>7rtC;-=>cr ~"")c-I>~L'7>' to tell me that they could see bad boys. They didn't want us to kill birds and I used to kill birds. I was 12-C-Ib I\~LL' dPc>nl b I\J. also afraid of the Inuit priests. Religious ceremonies PI' 12-c-Ib I>b)t\crI>L-=>~b. were held inside the tent, but when we were in the settlement we used the church. There was an old 6) rc ~'-=>~d' 6bc~ man who preached sometimes and he used to shout. As the sermon went on he would shout louder and b, b b) b ) ~L ' Co- 6 b -=> b ~ CI> ~ b louder, move his hands and even his feet. One time 6.r..r.' ~'r'.r.' O-J CI>~O-) b ""Lb 6­ he was preaching inside a big tent and was standing in front of the tent post. He was hitting the table .r..r.' 50 - .r.-=>cr' crrt71>~0-) b ~CI>~­ very hard. He was swinging his arms backward and ~I\I> L -=>~b hit the post. The whole tent was shaking. Maybe he hurt his hands because he stopped swinging ~LCl>b I>P~I nrtLcr~bc)~L' them. I really wanted to laugh but I was afraid of him. My nose started bleeding from trying not to ~CC~~c; 1>7C;-=>cr b ~O-r'cr 6-=>7cn-=>J laugh. I managed to get out before he saw me. This C~ crPC~-=>J I>bl\~-=><-=> 6~ old man's name was Napartook. One of his eyes was crooked and he had a very deep voice. ;::J r cr b d c- L ~L Lcr L 6 c ~ t\ r -=> J) c -

45 CC>Jcr- 6 C6\C>cr-6 c I used to hunt little birds with spears and bow and arrow. I would hunt young ptarmigan with rocks. 6.::>b UL, l\<:c..C>b). I used to prefer dolls when I was very small but C>P n6c-n.::>J ~d6C;cr- C>dC~L when I grew older I switched to boy's things. I used to boss my brother and sisters around a lot. r'n b il\~7 the person who scraped the window to go out and fight with him. If the little goblin won the fight he c C~c r'cr-. nrlLcr-6",r'JLC would put his victim between his legs and shut off C>Pn6c-n.::>J 67d c nrlLcr-rcr- d6\ 6.::>6\cr- r c 66) lots of things. At night it was scarey to go out be­ cr-.::>cr- <1[»)~cr-rc l\<:c..C>LC. cause there were little people in the haunted igloos. They made loud noises and would say - "The head d6\<1 Q J Lcrc-crb crLcr.J c <1L.J.::> on the old igloos to break them down. cr <16\ L cr- .::> cr- L cr- When Kaujayoak's (the hero in an ancient Inuit legend) mother died, he was poor and didn't have b b 6.<,c-C;Ccr- d<.<, Lcr-cr LLrl) 6 r' r c. they gave food to little children. There are others L7C;-=> 66r'rlr<:C; )~~ib C><:cr- ",ib b c><:n.<,c 6 cr d) L-=><1.J c rc..C>~LLL LC>Q c>ncr-- belonged to my grandfather he would get angry and 7.::>...1.::> cr7"'.Jc C,C;CC>LL CQ 61\.J L",C;L )I\cr- somebody did anything bad to them. It was said that Cd-=>L J~C6QC;.::>7­ with a big sword. It was also said that kabloonaks C;d-=>cr--=> c>L"'dn6iLL iP",d-=>n-=> were going to come and take the boys who told c c c their mothers. I tried not to tell my mother things r I\Crlr'r nrrc>c;cn-=>r QC>7-=>- because I was afraid of these stories. There was also cr b c-r'nb L66c..C>C;-=>n a story about kabloonaks who would come and take all the women who are not married. Married Q b C>PC>J~Lc c>L",dn6 6c.. cr the water but little boys helped them. -=> ~cr-n-=>L <:r'L Qc-r)6Q L"'dn6.::> PiC;-=> 6nLL -=>i"'6c . <:c..c>r)L-=> C:>L) 6 Q C dQC) 6Q~c <1r'L6cr-C;L. c-~cr-=> iP",r'L 6b~<- c..C>iLL l\c>rcr-c-LcrJ CdQLC Jb

46 d<~~~~d~rLC d<~~~~rJLL 6b­ The men used to get very tired when hunting. They would walk all day, putting a little snow in their 6~~~~c ~~P)6~~b r'rCb mouths if they got thirsty. Sometimes they would 6br'~b6o..rL. )I\,c- 6~1~ )r'~~C b~o..~c-~Ib )r'~~Ic..~C,rnb c cc-r crC>Lc..r They had to dry the dog harness and lines by the LrCI~~c n~6c..c- Cdo..o..J 6C,c..rcr when it is frozen and smooth, a layer of water is r'LLc )I\~~b 6~:l.Jc ~C>c..~rJ ~­ sprayed over it to make them slippery. When trav­ elling on sea ice the hunters look for snow that is not ~d~1 ~bc-rcr ~brL~~~b 6~Jrc..C> salty to make tea. At these stops the runners of the r'LLL 6c-~r~~ 6~C6c-Lrb~~rL komatiks are coated again. ~br~~C PLd c ~1>c-rL~~c bC>~dc.. c>nO-J ~~~o..r'c..C>r'L~L. Co- ~Jnb o..<),b ~nc-b 6~LC~ 6~~ o..dL~-

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47 6 D~"b 6c-e-C>L C, 7"n)C 6c-"LrO-L weapons in camp. They would visit each other at night after their work was done to talk about the ~rLn~­ but there is also competition. There is pride in own­ ing a good dogteam and the men race each other eJ rLC O-c;n b • when they are going home. Dogs must be kept in >6.:>~c b good shape for this. Once when I was a very small boy my father was [)rr7[) /\dnL~ ~d­ going to the settlement and he took me with him. I r~6L rb 6e-C:;r<­ was wrapped up in blankets because there was a wind and a little blizzard. I was cold. When my father c rL. );::>~D 6nr76.:> )~[)Lrr~ my father to think I was brave. Then my father began shouting at the dogs and snapping his whip. The c D6rJb 0-C;.:>6Jb nPJL dogs were running at a great speed and barking LC [)<.:>~C rr~.Jc 6< but I didn't know what was going on. My father knew I was cold all the time and wanted to get to C )t\~c [)6L 0-6C[)7LL ~t\.Jc the settlement as quickly as possible. When we got UL [)6;::>Lc-C;.:>6C 6 c-O- ) ~C>LO-0-C;.:>6J b 6­ It was the fall season when we got there and the .L6c .LO-L.L c nPJLLC Jb lakes were just freezing up. The women were gather­ ing fuel and moss for the winter and the small boys nb .:>nb dbt\r b there I caught my first fish. I remember it was very strong. When the bay was frozen we went cod c ~r~.:> 6rCn6r O-~~[»)t\~[)r~ ~[)r~.:> thought the man was some kind of a king. They had [).:>6 /\r)t\~[)Lr 6.Jnr.L O-~­ games and fun at night and worked in the daytime unloading the ship. It was just like Christmas: We C;CC;r.:>~ thought the Governor was the highest man in the nrb P~~ world. When talking about Christmas I remember that L 66) b O-~c;r.:> ~t\) "rb [)~ ~ cb~n.:>J P~ P,C some people who had lice. We who came from the rbrrL dc-.J c <~~ far camps usually got lice at this time. L.:>

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48 i 6 -<>J r'J -C>CT. Pr' n 6 r' ~e~rn6 A­ r-c> his camp. Neviaxie had ten sons and two daughters. n-c> . Pi-c> 6 e r P.JJLJ Q6 The fish were smaller than in other places and there LC nQrn CT C6Li6 6-<>c-nrCT~6 r<:­ with. rCT~6 r66L UL Pr' PiC

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49 Lc-rL );Jr' lIb '-,>ncr b Neviaxie's camp was south of where we used to live but there were fewer waterbirds. In our old place r'dbLe-c-nc:>J I>Pcr b Cde­ when the waterfowl were laying eggs on the islands I>r'LLC '-,>n I>dc:>n 6bc:>Lrc-~C during the spring, we used to gather some eggs and hunt some birds. The boats were usually loaded. 6bc:>rl>e-I>r'LLL b '-,r~e-I>r'- We decided to return there for eggs. We had a good L~b. r'dL c I>Lbr'l>. c:>L forehead making a deep cut which bled very badly. e-~Jb npn­ We had to go to the settlement for help. When we got there Tusujiapik sewed him up. Tusujiapik was c:>J l>inc:>r the interpretor in the settlement, but this time he r>Lnbrcrc:> CQ b. rQI>< was the doctor. ib np)l1r'crd c bi< LC l>i Xr'Lr'r'1»7c-rn b • bi b )'-,I>Lc-~L bi

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51 dP~nL 25-20 )d~JQrL ~~d~J­ In 1945 I got my first rifle and the same year got my first fox. There were a lot of faxes around Inouc­ ~~r)~~I, 6~~b ~Q~)~ Cd L L djouac that year. I had saved enough money to by a ~6,rL CdQL< ~~nC~~L ~~ ~ r .L< .22 calibre rifle by selling ground squirrel skins that were fifty cents each. I always went trapping them L,LL Plb~ ~~nC~~nb CdO-L< with my mother. As we were on foot we didn't go .L ~ d ~ < ~ ~~ d ~ < Ur L ~ L ~ L ~ L ~ - very far away. Once I had a rifle it was easier. I received twenty dollars for my first fox. d r~< O-~6\~lb CL ~7~nC~~~bL There were two traders in the settlement then­ the Hudson's Bay Company and the Berthe Trading Abnr,rJ Q~~~~~I~.L ~~C~~r.L Company. Some hunters bought Peterheads (a 35 foot wooden boat named after Peterhead, Scotland, Q~~L CL Plb~ ~~~~~nb ~~~~L where they were first made) and made money carrying supplies from Inoucdjouac to Povungnituk 6e.b~ ~n.~~,C60-~nb, C<~ Plb because the big ships could not go there. ~br)~L,LC b~Q'~~O-~rL. 6)6~ My grandfather wanted to go back to our old camping place so we left my adopted brother 6b~C~~AJQ,LC C< LP~I~C. CQ~ Thomassie who was the only grown man in our Q~~QO-L~ Cd~~ Q~'C:>< ~De.rL­ family. My grandfather was quite old and so was my step-grandmother. My sister was about my age and ~~rnb. ~CC~~~, 6).J< ~~e.bC~ my brother was younger. I was not yet able to do ~~0-6r~, AO-rLr,~~~>L~ A~Qr~ a man's work. Back at our old camp, Ali, my brother-in-law ~rL~ 6e. L,< C.J~ ~ P~< ALr< then but I was not a good hunter. Qn~r < b L'.,e.~~LI~L ~~~ was a generally bad year in 1949. There were not

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52 "LI>L LnCJJ ~-"c CC,.JdLJ Ud L d J Cl.LI­ all we had. We could not have gone far without helping each other. Ud~L-'J ~-'J" C~,.Jd-'J "LLlC L.=>LI When the fish went up the river to spawn in the )LlCl.l>erc. UrL" LI-"LlC A~)-'JCl.LI<~I>LC n-'Jr b LI~r-'J LI­ met many other people on the ice. I learned how to keep myself from getting lost. Some of the rocks I C~,.J-'J )LlCl.l>erC Pib-'J ,.JCLLlCl.I>-'Jn piled on the hills to show where our camp was must L'=>LlCl."b Piber". still be there.

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53 Jnlc-rC. Fil.=> [:>-<-..-' 66~nrJ~..-'rJ 6~n6~ ~.=>~~~< were away for one month. I had never been so far ~~~~c-r~r -<-be;.=> ~~~, iPr -<-~6nrCn~' ~..-'..-' wonderful animals. Sometimes we had to sleep ~~ ' Ar~~~ away from our camp. The ground was our bed and we had to keep a fire burning all night to keep 6.=>n b • 6c-c- U~ 6-<-) 6J~:>' ~l~ 6-<-)6J66~ shore we were 150 miles south of Inoudjouac. We 6 )iLrrC L~6' 676c-n loaded our komotiks and hurried home. .=>l ~i' n~b .L~6<­ possible to travel further south by komotik on land. c-~C;C ~7C;.=>6' 6.Lrc-' rc-. Cd -<-~6n­ excited and knew they were going home. The other hunters joined us on the trip. It was fortunate they r' ~..-'..-'~~i ~<)6)i )7..-'C-e;C the dogs back. ArrC ))~b Cdr~c-­ c-), ArrC ..-'~CrC P~~b < ' ))rC Cc-L~

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54 rC.:o P.J,-I<1.:o-<:-C ,-ICL6-"C )),-Il>rL<1­ In the following Autumn my grandfather Ama­ goalik died. He had reached the age of ninety which )~~I>L.:o<1rnb <11>6 A) <1.:oLc I>n)6Q is considered to be very old. My brother and I were )-"C npcl>.:oc. Cd<1.:o 1>.:06 6rC;6­ away at the time. Our motor broke down and we had to make a sail. Our camp was on the other side of a nre-c:>c <1rc;re- 6 rlrr c 6.L~ long cape. When we reached land we left the boat ,-I~ClrC 61>Lc 6.:oQ.LrC 61>ILc and walked overland. We were on top of a big hill and could see the camp in the distance. Our tent <1~C;n.LrC.Ud<1 I>Le-I>ILC PI6 <1n was missing. We could see someone walking to­ 71>Irn Qe-rL.:o<1rr UL P,-l<1~I>L ward us. I did not have to wait until I heard the news. I knew grandfather was dead. The tent had been -,,6 C; Le-e-r~ <1e-lb PI~b taken down and destroyed. That is the custom of r~ 25-L 6 e-lb I>L,-I~6LC our people. I did not know what to do but the people were very kind and they helped us through CP<11 <1CC,-I<1C; <1L~<1e-b the bad time. 6-O~Q6e-l»b 90-~b <1C;J6e-r~,6.:o To be continued

Q~e-I>r C e-l>n:> C A J Q r L C nrc;­ I>C6Q C;.:o<1rC <1.LrL6~~6Lc .L6C;.:o Ar,-le-I>,-ILL.L. npc;.:o< 6r<1Je-n.:o.L <1.LrLe-6e-ILc PLCI>e-lr-<:-b. )A:>C .L 6 LC )A:>.:o ~CJQ6r~ 6.LI.:o <1C- 1>,-11 66~6r~ 6-OJ Q 6LJb )p,-Ir)L .:o~c 6.Le- A'-.,~<1rL<1lb Q.:oQe-t>,-IL~b 6-<:-6 c 66~C;r'-.,LC Qd'-.,db.

A~r~ J!{ rl>nC-l>n­ INUVIK SONG MAKER JAc- :::>~, -WILLIE THRASHER Not many years ago Willie Thrasher played the <1C;J6C <1lr7r)C re- Q,-ILe-d c drum for a young rock group in Inuvik. Now at age 25, he plays the guitar and writes his own songs C6LLc J6e- )7'-., 6.Lb 6.L~blt>b which he sings to groups, on the radio and on tele­ .LQI~ 6L rJ<1n.L c t>~6-"c (6-Or)- vision. All his songs are about the north. They are about our culture, our way of life and the many rJ<16CI>LC. changes we have seen. Willie is an Inuit with a good <1C;J6e-r~ 61-O c voice and a dream about how to use it. Not long after he arrived in Ottawa two years ago, <1~~I~b dPCr~, <1~C;~.:o CrL7~n~ <1lr-"c Affairs so he could purchase a good guitar. He car­ ried a note book full of songs he had written. They Qe-Ct>r~ CdQCl>r~ <1L.:o Qe-I>ndc.:o not only gave him the money but arranged a record­ ) '-., '-., t> r ~ 6L r < e- db. CL d <1 J 6e-1> < ing studio for him to make a tape. One of the songs from that first tape was sold. Soon he was singing 61~b 6L rt>ne-<1~~rc 6-06c .LQr~ before live audiences and student groups. <1L.:o 6-06c 6.:od,-lr~b 6.:od,-lr J Q 6­ Willie Thrasher hopes to make a long playing album soon. There have been offers. His style is truly his cr~.:o c LQ 6L rrr 1>61>,-I6)c. own and it should be a popular record. He already has made a design for the jacket cover that gives J 6e- <1C;J~b L~~b <1) LIe-) b the feeling of his home. We hope the record captures CLI>L <1)L.J c npC;Cr~ 6.Le-rLC'-d c the sounds of the wind and sea, the cry of the wolf and the soul of the people he sings about.

55 nne;6\ L..oc ( ) 6\a- b LE COMPOSITEUR DE 1\C>a-'-,ib d P Cnib a-C>6\;:Jn'-,ia- b CHANSONS D'INUVIK, pa..C>'7CnCC>Ja..LLi n.-'Jn'-,ra- b pa..C>'7Cncc>ra- Lll rc>ne-J jouait du tambour dans un groupe populaire d'lnuvik a- 1\e- C> n C c> .-' '"6\a- b. Lll r r a- a- 1\e- r'7C>ra- )'-,a-r'7C>ra- a-­ vant des groupes a la television et a la radio. Toutes C>6\~'7C> ses chansons portent sur Ie Nord. Elles traitent de notre culture. de notre fayon de vivre at des nom­ Li I\Jra..r"b Lll r ":>.'T 6\n c dPC elle mit egalement a sa disposition un studio d'en­ registrement pour qu'il puisse produire una bande. C b nLC..:> "l\r LI..:>a..n JLle-C>< a..ia-rL II vendit una des chansons de ce premier ruban. '7r c Llia-Pr" nr a-1\C>e-a.. LI d n'-, L" b '-,a...-'Le-rL) b. Cd < LI.<-bni"b .<-a..r"..:> Lll r;::>.-'r de musique populaire. II a-deja fait, pour la pochette .<-c l\c>r'7c>..:>nb a-C>6\c. bruits du vent et de la mer, les hurlements du loup et I'esprit des gens dont il est question dans ses chansons.

JLle- Lll rra-

56 Photo Credits- Cover - J. N. C. Wilford - Muskoxen at Lake Hazen, Ellesmere Island August 1973

Pages 10 & 13 - John Fowler

Page 24 - Moses Novalinga

Page 32 -Intercom

Page 40 - National Film Board

Pages 42 & 44 - Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

Page 56 - Andrews-Newton Photographers