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SYNOPSIS of BIOLOGICAL DATA on the ANCHOVETA Cetengraulis Mysticetus Günther, 1866

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SYNOPSIS of BIOLOGICAL DATA on the ANCHOVETA Cetengraulis Mysticetus Günther, 1866 FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 43 FRm/S43 (Distribution restricted) SAST - Anchoveta - 1,21(06),015,03 SYNOPSIS OF BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE ANCHOVETA Cetengraulis mysticetus Günther, 1866 Prepared by W.H. Bayliff FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1969 DOCUMENTS OF THE FISHERY DOCUMENTS DE LA DIVISION DOCUMENTOS DELA DIRECCION RESOURCES AND EXPLOITATION DES RESSOURCES ET DE L'EX- DE RECURSOS PESQUEROS Y EX- DIVISION OF FAO DEPARTMENT PLOITATION PES PECHES DU DE- PLOTACION DEL DEPARTAMENTO OF FISHERIES PARTEMENT DES PECHES DE LA DE PESCA DE LA FAO FAO Documents whicharenotofficial Des documents qui ne figurent pas Esta Subdirección publica varias se- FAO publications are issued in several parmi les publications officielles de Ia ries de documentos que no pueden series.They aregiven arestricted FAO sont publiés dans diverses séries. considerarse como publicacionesofi- distribution andthisfactshould be lis font seulement l'objet d'une distri- ciales de la FAO. Todos ellos tienen indicatedifthey are cited. Most of butionrestreinte, aussi convient-il de distribución limitada, circunstancia que them are prepared as working papers le préciser lorsque ces documnts sont debe indicarse en el caso de ser ci- for meetings, or are summaries of infor- cités.IIs'agit le plus souvent\ de do- tados. La mayoría de lostítulos que mationforuseof member govern- cuments de travail préparés pour des figuran endichas series son docu- ments,organizations,andspecialists réunions, ou de résumés d'information mentos de trabajopreparadospara concerned. àl'intention des gouvernements des reuniones o resúmenes de información pays membres, ainsi que des organi- destinadosalos estados miembros, sations et spécialistes intéressés. Ces organizaciones y especialistasintere- séries sont les suivantes: sados. FAO Fisheries Report FR/R (No.) FAO Fisheries Circular FR/C (No.) FAO Fisheries Synopsis FR/S (No.) Special groups of synopses are iden- Des catégories spéciales de synopses Grupos especiales de sinopsis se tified by symbols followed by classifi- sont identifiées à l'aide de symboles distinguen conlassiglassiguientes, cation numbers based on indexed code suivis des chiffres de classification ba- seguidas por números de clasificación of "Current Bibliography": sés surlecode d'indexation dela que se basan en las claves de los ín- «Current Bibliography «: dices dela«Current Bibliography '. SAST Data concerning certainspe- SAST Données sur certaines espèces SAST Datos relativos a ciertas espe- cies and fish stocks. et populations de poissons. cies y poblaciones. MAST Informationon methods and MASTRenseignements sur des mé- MASTSinopsis sobre métodos y ma- subjects. thodes et des sujets. terias. OT Oceanographic data. OT Données océanographiques. OT Sinopsis sobre oceanografía. IT Limnological data. IT Données limnologiques. IT Sinopsis sobre limnología. and et y CART Information concerningfish- CART Renseignements sur les pêche- CART Información sobre los recursos eries and resources of certain ries et les ressources de cer- acuáticosvivosde algunos countries and regions (FID/S). tains pays et régions (FD/S). países y regiones (FID/S). FAO Fisheries Technical Paper FR/T (No.) Special groups of Technical Papers Des catégories spéciales de docu- Grupos especiales dedocumentos are identified by: ments techniques sontidentifiéesà técnicos se identifican por las siglas l'aide des symboles suivants: siguientes: RE Indexedlistsof experts and RE Listesindexéesd'expertset RE Listas indices de expertos y de institutions drawn from Regis- institutions tirées des registres instituciones tomadas delos ters maintained by the Fishery tenus à jour parlaDivision registros que se llevan enla Resources and Exploitation Di- des ressources et de l'exploi- Dirección de Recursos Pesque- vision. tation des pêches. ros y Explotación. CB Listes de périodiques, des sec- CB Listas de periódicos, secciones CB Listsofperiodicals,special tions spéciales de la «Current especiales de la «Current Bi- sections of "Current Bibliogra- Bibliography for Aquatic Scien- bliography for Aquatic Scien- phy for Aquatic Sciences and ces and Fisheries «, des biblio- ces and Fisheries ',bibliogra- Fisheries,"specialbibliogra- graphiesparticulièresetdes fías especiales y trabajos rela- phies and papers concerning articles sur les problèmes de tivos a los problemas de docu- documentation problems. documentation. mentación. MES Provisionaleditionsof "FAO MFS Editions provisoires des «Ma- MES Ediciones provisionales de los Manuals in Fisheries Science." nuels FAO de science halieu- «Manualesde la FAO de tique «. Ciencias Pesqueras '. Some documents also have another IIarrive que certains documents por- Algunos documentos tienen también identification, if, for example, they have tent d'autres numéros d'identification, otra identificación si, por ejemplo, son beencontributedtoa meetingfor par exemple, s'ils ont été préparés pour contribuciones a unareunióncuyos which papers have been numbered une réunion dont les documents on été documentos han sido marcados con according to another system. marqués à l'aide d'un autre système. arreglo a otros sistemas. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 43 FRm/343 (Distribution restricted) SAST - Anohoieta - 1,21(06),015,03 SYNOPSIS OF BIOLOGICAL DATA ON T} ANCHOVETA Cetengrau].ie mystioetus GInther, 1866 Prepared by N.H. kYLIFF Soripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California U.S.A. FOOD ARID AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF T1 UNITED NATIONS Rome, October 1969 PREPARATION OF THIS SYNOPSIS In view of the increasing importance of anchovies in world fisheries and of the abundant data available concerning the species, this Synopsis has been prepared to disseminato the information obtained. The détails set out in this paper are based on data oollected by the author in the course of personal researoh work on the species and also on information received from varied sources, most of which are listed in the Bibliography. The author and the editor are particularly grateful to Mr. P. Whitehead and to Dr. A. Wheeler of the Department of Zoolor, the British Museum (Natural History), for their valuable assistance in clarifying the taxononjo status of the species. Distribution "Current Bibliography" entry Author Bayliff, W.H. (1969) 16-6M184 FAO Department of Fisheries FAO Fish.S.ynops., (43):pag.var. FAO Regional Fisheries Officers Synopsis of biological data on the Regional Fisheries Councils and anchoveta, Cetengraulis mysticetus Commissions Giinther, 1866 Selector SM Eastern Pacific. Central America coast. Engraulidae. Identity. Distribution - geographic and differential.Bionomics and life history. Population. Exploitation. Management and protection. FRm/543 Anchoveta CONTENTS Page No. i IDENTITY 11 1.1 Nomenclature i 1.11 Valid name i 1.12 Objective synonymy i 1.2 Taxonomy i 1.21 Affinities 1 1.22 Taxonomie status 1 1.23 Subspecies 1 1.24 Standard common name and vernacular names 6 1.3 Morphology 6 1.31 External and internal morphology 6 1 32 Cytomorphology* 1.33 Protein specificity*. 2 DISTRIBUTION 2i 2.1 Total area i 2.2 Differential distribution 1 2.21 Spawn, lax-v-as, and juveniles 1 2.22Adults i 2.3 Determinants of distribution chanßes i 2.4 Hybridization i 3 BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY 3z1 3.1 Reproduction i 3.11 Sexuality 1 3.12 Maturity i 3.13 Mating i 3.14 Fertilization i 3.15 Gonads 1 3.16 Spawning 1 3.17 Spawn 4 3.2 Pre-adult phase 4 3.21 Embryonic phase 3.22 Larval phase 4 3.23 Adolescent phase 5 3.3 Adult phase 5 3.31 Longevity 5 3.32 Hardiness 5 3.33 Competitors 5 3.34 Predators 5 3.35 Parasites, diseases, injuries, and abnormalities 5 1v FRm/S43 Anchoveta Page No. 3,4 Nutrition and growth 36 3.41 Feeding 6 3.42Food 6 3.43 Growth rate 6 3.44 Metabolism 8 3,5 Behaviour 8 3.51 Migrations and local movements 8 3.52 Schooling 8 3.53Responses to stimuli* 4 POPUlATION 4*1 4,1 Structure 4,11 Sex ratio 1 4.12 Age composition 1 4.13 Size composition 1 4.2Abundance and densitZ 1 4.21 Average abundanoe i 4.22 Changes in abundance 7 4.23 Average density 7 4.24 Changes in density5 4.3 Natality and reoruitinent 7 4.31 Reproduotion rates 7 4.32 Factors affecting reproduotion 10 4033Recruitment 10 4.4 Mortality and morbidity 10 4.41 Mortality rates 10 4,42 Factors causing or affeoting mortality 10 4.43 Faotors affecting morbidity* 4.44 Relation of morbidity to mortality rates* 4.5 Dynamics of the opulation 4.6The population in the community and the ecos1stem 5 EXPLOITATION 5.1 Fishing equipment 5,11 Gears 5.12 Boats 5.2 Fishing areas 5,21 General geographical distribution 5,22 Geographic ranges 5.23 Depth ranges 5,24 Conditions of the grounds 5.3Fishing seaaons 5.31 General pattern of seaaon(s) 5.32 Dates of beginning, peaks and end of eeason(s)* 5,33 Variation in date or duration of season5 YRm/543 Anohoveta Page No. 5.4 Fishing operations and results 5*2 5.41 Effort and intensity 2 5.42 Selectivity 2 5.43 Catches 2 6 PROTECTION AND MANAGENENT 6:1 6.1 Regulatory (legislative) meaaures 1 6.11 Limitation or red.uotion of the total oatoh 1 6.12Protection of portions of the population 1 6.2 Control or alteration of physical features of the environment 1 6.3 Control or alteration of chemical and/or biological features and of the environment i 6.4 6.5 Artifioial stocking 1 6.51 Maintenance etocklng* 6.52 Transplantation; introduction 1 7 POND FISH CTJLTTJRE* 8 REFERENCES 81 * As no information was available to the author these items have been omitted from the text. FRm/S43Arichoveta 1:1 i IDENTITY Cetengraulis mysticetus is distinguished from all other engraulida of the Pacific Ocean 1.1 Nomenclature by the breadth of its branchiostegal membrane. It is distinguished from C. edentulus, the 1.11 Valid name Atlantic species, by its larger head, lesser depth, smaller eye, and longer cheek. Cetengraulis mysticetus Engraulis mystioetus Subjective synonymy Gunther,1866. Stolephorus opercularis Jordan and Gilbert, 1.12 Objective synonymy 18&2: 275;Jordan and Evermann,1896: 445;placed in srnonymy in Meek and Engraulis mysticetus Gunther,1866* 604.
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