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Manual Sobre Cuidado De Medusas Manual sobre cuidado de medusas MANUAL SOBRE CUIDADO DE MEDUSAS (CNIDARIA/CTENOPHORA) Asociación de Zoológicos y Acuarios 1 Manual sobre cuidado de medusas Manual sobre cuidado de medusas Publicado por la Asociación de Zoologicos y Acuarios en conjunto con el Comité de Bienestar Animal de la AZA. Citación formal: Grupo Asesor de Taxón de Invertebrados Marinos de la AZA 2013. Manual sobre cuidado de medusas (Cnidaria/Ctenophora). Asociación de Zoologicos y Acuarios, Silver Spring, MD. Autores y contribuyentes relevantes: Jerry Crow, Waikiki Aquarium Michael Howard, Monterey Bay Aquarium Vincent Levesque, Birch Aquarium/Museum at Scripps Leslee Matsushige, Birch Aquarium/Museum at Scripps Steve Spina, New England Aquarium Mike Schaadt, Cabrillo Marine Aquarium Nancy Sowinski, Sunset Marine Labs Chad Widmer, Monterey Bay Aquarium Bruce Upton, Monterey Bay Aquarium Editado por: Mike Schaadt, Cabrillo Marine Aquarium Revisores: Pete Mohan, Akron Zoo, AZA Aquatic Invertebrate TAG Chair Mackenzie Neale, Vancouver Aquarium Nancy Sowinski, Sunset Marine Labs Chad Widmer, Monterey Bay Aquarium Emma Rees (Cartwright), Weymouth Sealife Park Dr. Poh Soon Chow, Oceanis World Rebecca Helm, Brown University AZA Staff Editors: Maya Seamen, AZA ACM Intern Candice Dorsey, Ph.D., Director, Animal Conservation Crédito fotografía de portada: Gary Florin Ilustraciones: Celeste Schaadt Exoneración de Responsabilidades: Este manual presenta una compilación de conocimientos provistos por reconocidos expertos en el área animal, basados en la ciencia, la práctica y la tecnología de la gestión animal actual. El manual ensambla los requerimientos básicos, las mejores prácticas, y las recomendaciones sobre cuidado animal, para maximizar la capacidad para el excelente cuidado y bienestar animal. Se debe considerar el manual como un trabajo en progreso, ya que las prácticas se encuentran en constante evolución debido a los avances en el conocimiento científico. El uso de información contenida en este manual debiera estar en completa conformidad con toda ley y regulación local, estatal y federal, relacionada con el cuidado de animales. Si bien algunas leyes y regulaciones gubernamentales pueden estar mencionadas en este manual, éstas no incluyen todo. Tampoco este manual busca servir como una herramienta de evaluación para aquellas agencias. Las recomendaciones incluidas no buscan ser dietas, tratamientos médicos, o procedimientos de gestión exclusivos, y además pueden requerir de adaptación a la hora de satisfacer las necesidades específicas de algunos ejemplares y circunstancias particulares de cada institución. Las entidades y medios comerciales identificados no están necesariamente promocionados por la AZA. Las afirmaciones presentadas a lo largo del cuerpo de este manual no representan los estándares de cuidado de la AZA, a menos que se especifique lo contrario en recuadros claramente señalados. Asociación de Zoológicos y Acuarios 2 Manual sobre cuidado de medusas Translated by Jeremy Urrutia Bustamante, on behalf of the Latin American Association of Zoos and Aquariums (ALPZA). Translation reviewed and edited by Federico Argemi (Temaikèn Foundation) and Martín Zordan (ALPZA). Translated content has not been proofed or edited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). AZA is not responsible for errors in translation or for any potential changes in the content's meaning resulting from translation. Traducido por Jeremy Urrutia Bustamante en nombre de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Zoológicos y Acuarios (ALPZA). Traducción revisada y editada por Federico Argemi (Fundación Temaikèn) y Martín Zordan (ALPZA). Los contenidos traducidos no han sido verificados, ni editados por la Asociación de Zoológicos y Acuarios (AZA). Por lo tanto, la Asociación de Zoológicos y Acuarios (AZA) no se hace responsable por posibles errores de traducción, o de cualquier cambio potencial en el significado de los contenidos, que puedan resultar de la traducción. Asociación de Zoológicos y Acuarios 3 Manual sobre cuidado de medusas Tabla de Contenidos Introducción .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Clasificación taxonómica ........................................................................................................ 6 Género, especie y estado de consevación ............................................................................. 6 Información general ................................................................................................................ 6 Capítulo 1. Medio ambiente ................................................................................................................. 14 1.1 Temperatura y humedad ................................................................................................. 14 1.3 Calidad del agua y aire ................................................................................................... 15 1.4 Sonido y vibración .......................................................................................................... 17 Capítulo 2. Diseño del habitat y contención ................................................................................... 18 2.1 Espacio y complejidad .................................................................................................... 18 Capítulo 3. Transporte .......................................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Preparación .................................................................................................................... 22 3.2 Protocolos ....................................................................................................................... 23 Capítulo 4. Ambiente Social ................................................................................................................ 24 4.1 Estructura y tamaño del grupo ........................................................................................ 24 4.2 Influencia de otros y de congéneres ............................................................................... 24 4.3 Introducciones y reintroducciones ................................................................................... 24 Capítulo 5. Nutrición.............................................................................................................................. 25 5.1 Requerimientos nutricionales .......................................................................................... 25 5.2 Dietas ............................................................................................................................. 26 5.3 Evaluaciones nutricionales.............................................................................................. 27 Capítulo 6. Cuidado veterinario .......................................................................................................... 28 6.1 Servicios veterinarios ...................................................................................................... 28 6.2 Métodos de identificación ............................................................................................... 28 6.3 Recomendaciones para examinación de traslado y examen de diagnóstico ................... 29 6.4 Cuarentena ..................................................................................................................... 29 6.5 Medicina preventiva ........................................................................................................ 31 6.6 Captura, contención e inmovilización .............................................................................. 32 6.7 Tratamiento de enfermedades, trastornos, lesiones y/o aislamiento ............................... 32 Capítulo 7. Reproducción .................................................................................................................... 36 7.1 Fisiología reproductiva y comportamiento ....................................................................... 36 7.2 Inseminación artificial ...................................................................................................... 40 7.3 Preñez y parto ................................................................................................................ 41 7.4 Instalaciones para parir ................................................................................................... 41 7.5 Crianza asistida .............................................................................................................. 41 7.6 Contracepción................................................................................................................. 41 Capítulo 8. Manejo del comportamiento .......................................................................................... 42 8.1 Entrenamiento animal ..................................................................................................... 42 8.2 Enriquecimiento ambiental .............................................................................................. 42 8.3 Interacciones entre el personal y los animales ................................................................ 43 8.4 Habilidades del personal y adiestramiento ...................................................................... 43 Capítulo 9. Programas de presentaciones animales .................................................................... 44 9.1 Políticas sobre
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